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{{Short description|Interstate Highway across south-central US}} {{redirect|I-40}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}} {{Infobox road | country = USA | type = I | route = 40 | map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|type=line|from=Interstate 40.map}} | map_custom = yes | length_mi = 2556.61 | length_ref = <ref name="log">{{cite web |first = Edward |last = Starks |url = https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/interstate_highway_system/routefinder/table01.cfm |title = Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2018 |publisher = [[Federal Highway Administration]] |date = May 6, 2019 |access-date = October 22, 2021 }}</ref> | established = August 14, 1957<ref name="AASHO57">{{cite map |author = American Association of State Highway Officials |author-link = American Association of State Highway Officials |date = August 14, 1957 |title = Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways |url = http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Interstate_Highway_plan_August_14,_1957.jpg |scale = Scale not given |location = Washington, DC |publisher = American Association of State Highway Officials |access-date = March 27, 2017 |via = [[Wikimedia Commons]] }}</ref> | direction_a = West | terminus_a = {{jct|country=USA|I|15}} in [[Barstow, California|Barstow, CA]] | junction = *{{Jct|country=USA|I|17}} in [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff, AZ]] *{{Jct|country=USA|I|25}} in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque, NM]] *{{Jct|country=USA|I|27}} in [[Amarillo, Texas|Amarillo, TX]] *{{jct|country=USA|I|35}} in [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma|Oklahoma City, OK]] *{{Jct|country=USA|I|30}} in [[North Little Rock, Arkansas|North Little Rock, AR]] *{{Jct|country=USA|I|55}} in [[West Memphis, Arkansas|West Memphis, AR]] *{{jct|country=USA|I|24|I|65}} in [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] *{{Jct|country=USA|I|75}} from [[Farragut, Tennessee|Farragut]] to [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville, TN]] *{{nowrap|{{Jct|country=USA|I|85}} from [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]] to [[Hillsborough, North Carolina|Hillsborough, NC]]}} *{{Jct|country=USA|I|95}} in [[Benson, North Carolina|Benson, NC]] | direction_b = East | terminus_b = {{Jct|country=USA|US|117}} in [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington, NC]] | states = [[California]], [[Arizona]], [[New Mexico]], [[Texas]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Arkansas]], [[Tennessee]], [[North Carolina]] }} '''Interstate 40''' ('''I-40''') is a major east–west transcontinental [[Interstate Highway System|Interstate Highway]] in the [[Southeastern United States|southeastern]] and [[Southwestern United States|southwestern]] portions of the United States. At a length of {{convert|2,556.61|mi|km}}, it is the third-longest Interstate Highway in the country, after [[Interstate 90|I-90]] and [[Interstate 80|I-80]]. From west to east, it passes through [[California]], [[Arizona]], [[New Mexico]], [[Texas]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Arkansas]], [[Tennessee]], and [[North Carolina]]. Its western terminus is at [[Interstate 15 in California|I-15]] in [[Barstow, California]], while its eastern terminus is at a [[concurrency (road)|concurrency]] with [[U.S. Route 117 in North Carolina|U.S. Route 117]] (US 117) and [[North Carolina Highway 132]] (NC 132) in [[Wilmington, North Carolina]]. Major cities served by the Interstate include [[Flagstaff, Arizona]]; [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]]; [[Amarillo, Texas]]; [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]]; [[Fort Smith, Arkansas|Fort Smith]] and [[Little Rock]] in Arkansas; [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]], and [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]] in Tennessee; and [[Asheville, North Carolina|Asheville]], [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem]], [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]], [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]], [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], and Wilmington in North Carolina. I-40 begins in the [[Mojave Desert]] in California, and then proceeds through the [[Colorado Plateau]] in Arizona and the southern tip of the [[Rocky Mountains]] in New Mexico. It then traverses the [[Great Plains]] through the [[Texas Panhandle]] and Oklahoma, and passes south of the [[Ozarks]] in Arkansas. The freeway crosses the [[Appalachian Mountains]] in Tennessee and North Carolina, before terminating in the [[Atlantic Plain|Atlantic Coastal Plain]] near the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Much of the western part of I-40, from Barstow to [[Oklahoma City]], parallels or overlays the historic [[U.S. Route 66]]. East of Oklahoma City, the route generally parallels [[U.S. Route 64|US 64]] and [[U.S. Route 70|US 70]]. I-40 was established by the [[Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956]], and the numbering was subsequently approved on August 14, 1957, along with most of the rest of the system. The eastern terminus was initially planned to be located at [[Interstate 85 in North Carolina|I-85]] in Greensboro, but the [[Federal Highway Administration]] later approved extending the route to its current eastern terminus in Wilmington. As a result, this was the last segment of I-40 to be completed upon its dedication in 1990. ==Route description== {{lengths table|length_ref= <ref name="log" />}} |- |[[Interstate 40 in California|CA]] || {{convert|154.61|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |[[Interstate 40 in Arizona|AZ]] || {{convert|359.48|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |[[Interstate 40 in New Mexico|NM]] || {{convert|373.51|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |[[Interstate 40 in Texas|TX]] || {{convert|177.10|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |[[Interstate 40 in Oklahoma|OK]] || {{convert|331.73|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |[[Interstate 40 in Arkansas|AR]] || {{convert|284.69|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |[[Interstate 40 in Tennessee|TN]] || {{convert|455.28|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |[[Interstate 40 in North Carolina|NC]] || {{convert|420.21|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |Total || {{convert|2,556.61|mi|km|disp=table}} |} I-40 is the third-longest freeway in the United States, spanning {{convert|2556.61|mi|km}} across the southern half of the country. The longest stretch of the highway is in Tennessee, and the shortest is in California. The busiest stretch of I-40 is in Knoxville, concurrent with [[Interstate 75 in Tennessee|I-75]], which has an [[annual average daily traffic]] volume of more than 210,000 vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |author1 = Tennessee Department of Transportation |title = Transportation Data Management System |url = https://tdot.public.ms2soft.com/tcds/tsearch.asp?loc=Tdot&mod=TCDS |website = ms2soft.com |publisher = MS2 |access-date = November 27, 2021 }}</ref> The lowest traffic volumes are found on rural stretches in New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma, where the freeway carries fewer than 15,000 vehicles per day.<ref>{{cite report |author = Tamara P. Haas |date = October 10, 2017 |title = Traffic Counts New Mexico Interstates |url = https://www.nmlegis.gov/handouts/TIRS%20101017%20Item%201%20B%20-%20Interstate%20Traffic%20data-map.pdf |publisher = New Mexico Department of Transportation |access-date = January 7, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1 = Texas Department of Transportation |title = TPP District Traffic Web Viewer |url = https://txdot.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=06fea0307dda42c1976194bf5a98b3a1 |website = ArcGIS |publisher = Esri |access-date = January 7, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1 = Oklahoma Department of Transportation |title = AADT Traffic Counts |url = https://okdot.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Viewer/index.html?appid=a33b6aaa19674493bf42de11b250ef1b |website = ArcGIS |publisher = Esri |access-date = January 7, 2023 }}</ref> ===California=== [[File:Start of Interstate 40.jpg|thumb|A sign at the start of I-40 in Barstow, California, showing the distance to the freeway's eastern terminus in Wilmington, North Carolina. This sign has been stolen several times.]] {{Main|Interstate 40 in California}} I-40 in California crosses through the lightly populated northern part of the [[Inland Empire]] region of the state. Its western end is in [[Barstow, California]]. Known as the Needles Freeway, it heads east from Barstow across the [[Mojave Desert]] in [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino County]] to [[Needles, California|Needles]], before it crosses the [[Colorado River]] into [[Arizona]] southwest of [[Kingman, Arizona|Kingman]]. I-40 covers {{convert|155|mi|km}} in California. Some signs show the [[control city]] for I-40 westbound to be [[Los Angeles]], where drivers would follow [[Interstate 15 in California|I-15]] south from its western terminus in Barstow. The highway is four lanes for the entirety of its length in the state. A sign in California showing the distance to [[Wilmington, North Carolina]], has been stolen several times.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.starnewsonline.com/article/NC/20091112/News/605066511/WM |title = I-40 Barstow, Calif., sign gone for good |work = StarNewsOnline.com |date = November 12, 2009 |access-date = October 20, 2020 |archive-date = October 1, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201001132230/https://www.starnewsonline.com/article/NC/20091112/News/605066511/WM/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> ===Arizona=== [[File:I-40 west near Flagstaff.jpg|thumb|I-40 westbound heading toward Flagstaff]] {{Main|Interstate 40 in Arizona}} I-40 is a main route to the South Rim of the [[Grand Canyon]], with the exits leading into [[Grand Canyon National Park]] in [[Williams, Arizona|Williams]] and Flagstaff. I-40 covers {{convert|359|mi|km}} in Arizona. Just west of exit 190, west of Flagstaff, is its highest elevation along I-40 in the US, as the road crosses just over {{convert|7330|ft|m}} at the Arizona Divide near milepost 190. I-40 also passes through the [[Navajo Nation]], the largest Indian reservation in the US. Like California's segment, the highway is four lanes for the entirety of its length in the state. ===New Mexico=== {{Main|Interstate 40 in New Mexico}} I-40 covers {{convert|374|mi|km}} in New Mexico. As in other states it parallels or overrides the post 1937 Route 66 route through the state. Notable cities along I-40 include [[Gallup, New Mexico|Gallup]], [[Grants, New Mexico|Grants]], [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]], [[Santa Rosa, New Mexico|Santa Rosa]], and [[Tucumcari, New Mexico|Tucumcari]]. I-40 also travels through several [[Indian reservation]]s in the western half of the state. It reaches its highest point in the state of {{convert|7275|ft|m}} at the Continental Divide (Campbell Pass) in western New Mexico between Gallup and Grants. The last place that I-40 tops {{convert|7000|ft|m}} is at the head of Tijeras Canyon east of Albuquerque at approximately {{convert|7040|ft|m}}. Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas are the five states where I-40 has a speed limit of {{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} instead of the {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} limit in California, Tennessee, and North Carolina.<ref>{{Cite web |url = https://tulsaworld.com/news/speed-limit-on-much-of-i-40-i-35-raised-to-75-mph/article_f9e3cc58-cc3f-5f09-82cb-db170a67ffc8.html |title = Speed limit on much of I-40, I-35 raised to 75 MPH |date = August 4, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = https://www.5newsonline.com/article/traffic/speed-limit-on-i-40-in-the-river-valley-increases-to-75-mph/527-fa7bfbf5-125d-4bfc-91f1-6bf26370938e |title = Speed limit on I-40 in the River Valley increases to 75 MPH |date = August 6, 2020 }}</ref> ===Texas=== [[File:Grade intersection on I-40.jpg|thumb|right|An at-grade intersection on I-40 in Texas, 2003]] {{Main|Interstate 40 in Texas}} In the west [[Texas panhandle]] area, there are several ranch roads connected directly to the Interstate. The only major city in Texas that is directly served by I-40 is [[Amarillo, Texas|Amarillo]], which connects with [[Interstate 27|I-27]] that runs south toward [[Lubbock, Texas|Lubbock]]. I-40 also connects to [[U.S. Route 287 in Texas|US 287]] that runs southeast to Dallas–Fort Worth and [[U.S. Route 87 in Texas|US 87]]/US 287 north to Dumas and then on into Oklahoma. I-40 has only one welcome center in the state, which is located in Amarillo at the exit for [[Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport]], serving both sides of the Interstate. [[File:15.07 downtown okc.jpg|thumb|I-40 in Downtown Oklahoma City]] ===Oklahoma=== {{Main|Interstate 40 in Oklahoma}} I-40 goes through the heart of the state, passing through many Oklahoma cities and towns, including [[Erick, Oklahoma|Erick]], [[Sayre, Oklahoma|Sayre]], [[Elk City, Oklahoma|Elk City]], [[Clinton, Oklahoma|Clinton]], [[Weatherford, Oklahoma|Weatherford]], [[El Reno, Oklahoma|El Reno]], [[Yukon, Oklahoma|Yukon]], [[Oklahoma City]], [[Del City, Oklahoma|Del City]], [[Midwest City, Oklahoma|Midwest City]], [[Shawnee, Oklahoma|Shawnee]], [[Okemah, Oklahoma|Okemah]], [[Henryetta, Oklahoma|Henryetta]], [[Checotah, Oklahoma|Checotah]], [[Sallisaw, Oklahoma|Sallisaw]], and [[Roland, Oklahoma|Roland]]. I-40 covers {{convert|331|mi|km}} in Oklahoma. In [[Downtown Oklahoma City]], I-40 was rerouted {{convert|1|mi|km|spell=in}} south of its former alignment and a 10-lane (five in each direction) facility replaced the former [[Oklahoma City Crosstown Expressway|I-40 Crosstown Bridge]]; the former I-40 alignment will be replaced with an urban boulevard currently designated as Oklahoma City Boulevard. ===Arkansas=== [[File:Hernando de Soto Bridge Memphis.jpg|thumb|The [[Hernando de Soto Bridge]], where I-40 crosses the [[Mississippi River]] into [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]]]] {{Main|Interstate 40 in Arkansas}} I-40 enters the west-central part of the state and runs for {{convert|285|mi|km}} in Arkansas. The route passes through [[Van Buren, Arkansas|Van Buren]], where it intersects the southbound [[Interstate 540 (Arkansas)|I-540]]/[[U.S. Route 71 in Arkansas|US 71]] to [[Fort Smith, Arkansas|Fort Smith]].<ref name="cra">{{Cite map |location = Little Rock |publisher = Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department |title = General Highway Map, Crawford County, Arkansas |url = http://www.arkansashighways.com/maps/Counties/County%20PDFs/CrawfordCounty.pdf |author = Planning and Research Division |format = PDF |year = 2011 |scale = 1:62,500 |access-date = November 15, 2011 |archive-date = February 26, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120226223917/http://www.arkansashighways.com/maps/counties/county%20PDFs/CrawfordCounty.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref> The route continues east to [[Alma, Arkansas|Alma]] to intersect [[Interstate 49 (Arkansas)|I-49]] north to [[Fayetteville, Arkansas]]. Running through the [[The Ozarks|Ozark Mountains]], I-40 serves [[Ozark, Arkansas|Ozark]], [[Clarksville, Arkansas|Clarksville]], [[Russellville, Arkansas|Russellville]], [[Morrilton, Arkansas|Morrilton]], and [[Conway, Arkansas|Conway]]. The route turns south after Conway and enters [[North Little Rock, Arkansas|North Little Rock]], which brings high volume interchanges with [[I-430]], [[Interstate 30 in Arkansas|I-30]]/[[U.S. Route 65 in Arkansas|US 65]]/[[U.S. Route 67 in Arkansas|US 67]]/[[U.S. Route 167 in Arkansas|US 167]], and [[Interstate 440 (Arkansas)|I-440]]/[[Arkansas Highway 440|Highway 440]] (AR 440).<ref name="pul">{{Cite map |location = Little Rock |publisher = Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department |title = General Highway Map, Pulaski County, Arkansas |url = http://www.arkansashighways.com/maps/Counties/County%20PDFs/PulaskiCounty.pdf |author = Planning and Research Division |format = PDF |year = 2009 |scale = 1:62,500 |access-date = November 15, 2011 |archive-date = July 7, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110707162427/http://www.arkansashighways.com/maps/Counties/County%20PDFs/PulaskiCounty.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref> The Interstate continues east through [[Lonoke, Arkansas|Lonoke]], [[Brinkley, Arkansas|Brinkley]], and [[West Memphis, Arkansas|West Memphis]] on the eastside. I-40 briefly overlaps [[Interstate 55 in Arkansas|I-55]] in West Memphis before it crosses the [[Mississippi River]] on the [[Hernando de Soto Bridge]] and enters [[Memphis, Tennessee]].<ref name="cri">{{Cite map |location = Little Rock |publisher = Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department |title = General Highway Map, Crittenden County, Arkansas |url = http://www.arkansashighways.com/maps/Counties/County%20PDFs/CrittendenCounty.pdf |author = Planning and Research Division |format = PDF |year = 2009 |scale = 1:62,500 |access-date = November 15, 2011 |archive-date = February 26, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120226223642/http://www.arkansashighways.com/maps/counties/county%20PDFs/CrittendenCounty.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref> ===Tennessee=== {{Main|Interstate 40 in Tennessee}} [[File:I-40 near Nashville Int'l Airport.jpg|thumb|I-40 in [[Nashville]]]] The State of Tennessee has the longest segment of I-40 at {{convert|455|mi|km}}. The Interstate goes through all of the three [[Grand Divisions of Tennessee]] and its three largest cities: [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]], and [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]]. [[Jackson, Tennessee|Jackson]], [[Lebanon, Tennessee|Lebanon]], [[Cookeville, Tennessee|Cookeville]], [[Crossville, Tennessee|Crossville]], and [[Newport, Tennessee|Newport]] are other notable cities through which I-40 passes. Before leaving the state, I-40 enters the [[Great Smoky Mountains]] toward [[North Carolina]]. The section of I-40 which runs between Memphis and Nashville is often referred to as the [[Music Highway (Tennessee)|Music Highway]].<ref>Tennessee public acts 2001 Chapter 100, Senate Bill 916 House Bill 616 Signed into law April 18, 2001, http://www.tennessee.gov/sos/acts/102/pub/pc0100.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210201103/http://tennessee.gov/sos/acts/102/pub/pc0100.pdf |date=February 10, 2009 }}</ref> During reconstruction, a short section of I-40 through downtown Knoxville near the central [[Spaghetti Junction#Tennessee|Malfunction Junction]] was completely closed to traffic from May 1, 2008, and not reopened until June 12, 2009, with all traffic redirected via [[I-640]], the northern bypass route. The redesigned section now has additional lanes in each direction, is less congested, and has fewer accidents.<ref>{{cite web |author = Tennessee Department of Transportation |url = http://www.tdot.state.tn.us/smartfix/jwp/ |title = SmartFix: I-40/James White Parkway/Hall of Fame Drive |publisher = Tennessee Department of Transportation |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101231003123/http://www.tdot.state.tn.us/smartfix/jwp/ |archive-date = December 31, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author = Tennessee Department of Transportation |url = http://www.tdot.state.tn.us/smartfix/jwp/closures.asp |title = SmartFix: I-40/James White Parkway/Hall of Fame Drive |publisher = Tennessee Department of Transportation |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090429213607/http://www.tdot.state.tn.us/smartfix/jwp/closures.asp |archive-date = April 29, 2009 }}</ref> ===North Carolina=== {{Multiple image |total_width = 400 |caption_align = center |image1 = WilmingtonBarstow.JPG |caption1 = A sign displaying the distance to Barstow near Wilmington. This sign is no longer posted by NCDOT due to the frequency of its theft.<ref>{{cite web |author = Star News Staff Reports |title = I-40 Barstow, Calif., sign gone for good |url = https://www.starnewsonline.com/article/NC/20091112/News/605066511/WM |website = StarNews Online |publisher = StarNews |access-date = October 15, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211018200805/https://www.starnewsonline.com/article/NC/20091112/News/605066511/WM/ |archive-date = October 18, 2021 }}</ref> |image2 = Beginning of Interstate 40 (39245153235).jpg |caption2 = The beginning of I-40 west, near Wilmington }} {{Main|Interstate 40 in North Carolina}} In [[North Carolina]], I-40 travels {{convert|420|mi|km}}. It enters the state as a winding mountain freeway through the [[Great Smoky Mountains]], which frequently closes due to landslides and weather conditions. It enters the state on a mostly north–south alignment, turning to a more east–west alignment upon merging with [[U.S. Route 74 in North Carolina|US 74]] at the eastern terminus of the [[Great Smoky Mountains Expressway]]. From there, the highway passes through [[Asheville, North Carolina|Asheville]], [[Hickory, North Carolina|Hickory]], and [[Statesville, North Carolina|Statesville]] before reaching the [[Piedmont Triad]]. Just east of the Triad City of [[Greensboro, North Carolina]], it merges with [[Interstate 85 in North Carolina|I-85]], and the two roads split again just west of the [[Research Triangle]] area, passing through [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]] and [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]]. From the Triangle to its eastern terminus in [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington]], it once again takes a more north–south alignment. A standard distance sign existed near the start of the westbound section of I-40 in Wilmington that indicated the distance to Barstow, California, as {{convert|2554|mi|km}}. In 2009, NCDOT said it would not be replaced after [[street sign theft|frequent thefts]].<ref>{{cite web |title = I-40 Barstow, Calif., sign gone for good |url = https://www.starnewsonline.com/article/NC/20091112/News/605066511/WM |website = Star News Online |location = Wilmington, North Carolina |date = November 12, 2009 |access-date = May 10, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210814025001/https://www.starnewsonline.com/article/NC/20091112/News/605066511/WM |archive-date = August 14, 2021 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==History== ===Predecessors and planning=== [[File:Kingman-Beale Wagon Road Monument-1.jpg|thumb|A monument to [[Beale's Wagon Road]] in [[Kingman, Arizona]]]] During the [[Colonial history of the United States|colonial]] and [[Territorial evolution of the United States|westward expansion]] eras, a number of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] trails existed within the vicinity of what is now Interstate 40. In 1857, an expedition led by Edward Fitzgerald Beale was tasked with establishing a trade route along the [[35th parallel north]] from [[Fort Smith, Arkansas]], to [[Los Angeles]]. This route, which became known as [[Beale's Wagon Road]], was constructed by a team of about 100 men and 22 camels led by Lt. [[Edward Fitzgerald Beale]]. Completed in 1859, it is generally considered the first federal highway in the Southwestern United States.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-bealeroad/ |title = Beale's Wagon Road From Arkansas to California |first = Kathy |last = Weiser-Alexander |date = 2021 |work = Legends of America |access-date = January 15, 2023 }}{{self-published inline|certain=yes|date=January 2023}}</ref> In the early 20th century, a number of [[auto trail]]s were established by private organizations to aid motorists in traveling between major cities. Among these was the [[National Old Trails Road]], which roughly followed the western part of present-day I-40 to Albuquerque, and the [[Lee Highway]], which followed much of the eastern portion of the route.<ref>{{cite map |author = Rand McNally |title = Auto Road Atlas |year = 1926 |url = http://www.broermapsonline.org/members/ |location = Chicago |publisher = Rand McNally |via = Broer Maps Online |access-date = April 15, 2012 |archive-date = April 27, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120427035609/http://www.broermapsonline.org/members/ |url-status = live }}</ref> When the state governments established the [[United States Numbered Highway System]] in 1926, two of these most important highways, [[U.S. Route 66|US 66]] and [[U.S. Route 70|US 70]] were established within the present-day I-40 corridor.<ref>{{cite web |last = Weingroff |first = Richard F. |title = From Names to Numbers: The Origins of the U.S. Numbered Highway System |url = https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/numbers.cfm |work = Highway History |publisher = Federal Highway Administration |access-date = December 9, 2021 |archive-date = September 1, 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190901182531/https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/numbers.cfm |url-status = live }}</ref> US 66, which followed the route from its western terminus to Oklahoma City, became arguably the most famous highway in the United States and has been recognized multiple times in popular culture.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.nps.gov/articles/route-66-overview.htm |title = Route 66 Overview |author = <!--Not stated--> |date = June 27, 2022 |publisher = National Park Service |access-date = January 15, 2023 }}</ref> US 70, which roughly follows the remainder of the Interstate, was also one of the most important highways for east−west travelers, and was considered part of the "Broadway of America" highway between California and [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref>{{cite news |author = <!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title = Plan To Spend $8,000,000 On Route 1, Tennessee's Broadway of America |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/69837346/plan-to-spend-8000000-on-route-1/ |page = 9 |work = Johnson City Chronicle |date = August 18, 1928 |access-date = February 10, 2021 |via = [[Newspapers.com]] }}</ref> An east−west trans-continental freeway to serve the south-central United States was proposed in multiple plans throughout the 1930s and 1940s for what later became the [[Interstate Highway System]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last = Pfeiffer |first = David A. |date = Summer 2006 |title = Ike's Interstates at 50 |pages = 14–18 |url = https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2006/summer/interstates.html |magazine = [[Prologue (magazine)|Prologue]] |issn = 0033-1031 |access-date = April 11, 2022 |archive-date = March 2, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110302235254/http://archives.gov/publications/prologue/2006/summer/interstates.html |url-status = live }}</ref> The general alignment for the highway that became I-40 was included in a plan released on August 2, 1947, by the Public Roads Administration of the now-defunct [[Federal Works Agency]].<ref>{{cite map |url = http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Interstate_Highway_plan_August_2,_1947_big_text.jpg |title = National System of Interstate Highways |author = [[Public Roads Administration]] |scale = Scale not given |location = Washington, DC |publisher = Public Roads Administration |date = August 2, 1947 |access-date = September 4, 2010 |via = [[Wikimedia Commons]] }}</ref> The Interstate was officially authorized between Barstow and Greensboro by the [[Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956]], which created the Interstate Highway System. The numbering was subsequently approved by the [[American Association of State Highway Officials]] (AASHO) on August 14, 1957, along with most of the system.<ref name="AASHO57"/> In 1957, the California Department of Highways, the predecessor agency to the [[California Department of Transportation]] (Caltrans), proposed that the route be renumbered to [[Interstate 30|I-30]] instead because of the already existing [[U.S. Route 40 in California|US 40]] in the state. This route was decommissioned in the state in 1964 as a part of a major revamping of California's overall highway numbering system.<ref name="cahighways">{{cite web |url = http://cahighways.org/033-040.html#040 |work = California Highways |title = Interstate 40 |access-date = November 27, 2011 }}{{self-published source|date=February 2017}}</ref> The California state government also submitted [[California State Route 58|State Route 58]] (SR 58) between [[Barstow, California|Barstow]] and [[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield]] for I-40 extension potential in 1956 and 1968, but both of these requests were rejected.<ref>{{cite web |last = Waller |first = Jeff |url = http://we.got.net/~mapman/streets/California/I40/I40.html |title = Interstate 40 Extension and Bakersfield Freeway Network |work = California Streets |access-date = February 18, 2006 |archive-date = April 26, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120426050344/http://we.got.net/~mapman/streets/California/I40/I40.html |url-status = dead }}{{self-published source|date=February 2017}}</ref> From 1963 to 1966, the US government considered a plan, part of [[Project Plowshare]], to use atomic bombs to excavate a path for I-40 through California. The project was canceled largely due to the cost of developing the explosives and due to the unavailability of a "clean bomb".<ref>{{cite news |first = Howard |last = Wilshire |title = Building a Radioactive Highway |publisher = Sierra Club |work = Desert Report |date = Spring 2001 |pages = 9, 14 |url = http://www.desertreport.org/media/DR_Spring2001.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090326112853/http://www.desertreport.org/media/DR_Spring2001.pdf |archive-date = March 26, 2009 }}</ref> ===Construction=== The first sections of I-40 reused freeways that had been constructed prior to the Interstate Highway System or were under construction at the time of the authorization of the system. The first stretch in Tennessee reused a short freeway in Knoxville called the Magnolia Avenue Expressway, which was opened in two segments in 1952 and 1955. The first stretches in North Carolina were a short controlled-access sections of [[U.S. Route 421 in North Carolina|US 421]] in Winston-Salem, and from [[Kernersville, North Carolina|Kernersville]], constructed between 1955 and 1958. By 1957, most states had begun construction on the first sections of I-40. The stretch between Memphis and Nashville, completed on July 24, 1966, was the first major stretch of interstate highway completed in Tennessee.<ref>{{cite news |last = Veazey |first = Walter |date = July 25, 1966 |title = A Giant Of Progress Grows 195 Miles |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90332310/a-giant-of-progress-grows-195-miles/ |page = 1 |work = The Commercial Appeal |location = Memphis |access-date = December 10, 2021 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref> On June 30, 1972, the final stretch of I-40 entirely within Arkansas, located between [[Clarksville, Arkansas|Clarksville]] and [[Ozark, Arkansas|Ozark]] was opened;<ref>{{cite news |author = <!--not stated--> |date = June 30, 1972 |title = Last Stretch Of I-40 Opens To Traffic Today |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116562182/last-stretch-of-i-40-opens-to-traffic/ |page = 3 |work = Northwest Arkansas Times |location = Fayetteville, Arkansas |agency = Associated Press |access-date = January 15, 2023 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref> the last section to open in the state was the [[Hernando de Soto Bridge]], which opened on August 2, 1973.<ref>{{cite news |date = August 3, 1973 |title = Bridge Gets 'Ho-Hum' Opening |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/88386533/bridge-gets-ho-hum-opening/ |page = 1-1 |work = The Commercial Appeal |location = Memphis |access-date = November 5, 2021 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last = Kofoed |first = Richard |date = August 5, 1973 |title = Span Rekindles Westward Ho |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/88383916/span-rekindles-westward-ho/ |page = 2-2 |work = The Commercial Appeal |location = Memphis |access-date = November 5, 2021 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref> The last segment in California to be completed was a short stretch in Needles, opened on August 13, 1973.<ref>{{cite news |author = <!--not stated--> |date = August 16, 1973 |title = Traffic Flows Over I-40; Plan Formal Rites For Opening |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116564078/traffic-flows-over-i-40-plan-formal/ |page = 1 |work = Needles Desert Star |access-date = January 16, 2023 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author = <!--not stated--> |date = August 14, 1973 |title = Interstate 40 Open |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116564173/interstate-40-open/ |page = A11 |work = Hi-Desert Star |location = Yucca Valley, California |access-date = January 16, 2023 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref> The last original planned stretch of the highway in Tennessee, located east of Knoxville, was partially opened on December 20, 1974,<ref>{{cite news |last1 = Yarbrough |first1 = Willard |title = All Interstates in ET Open; Dunn Dedicates New Sections |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91441849/all-interstates-in-et-open/ |access-date = December 30, 2021 |work = The Knoxville News-Sentinel |date = December 21, 1974 |pages = 1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91441878/et-interstate-links-opened/ 14] }}</ref> and fully opened on September 12, 1975.<ref>{{cite news |author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title = I-40 Link Opening Near Knoxville |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/56532090/i-40-link-opening-near-knoxville/ |page = 11 |work = The Tennessean |location = Nashville |agency = Associated Press |date = September 11, 1975 |issn = 1053-6590 |access-date = April 18, 2019 }}</ref> The last section of I-40 in Oklahoma, a {{convert|17|mi|km|adj=on}} stretch near [[Erick, Oklahoma|Erick]] near the western end of the state, opened on June 2, 1975.<ref>{{cite news |author = <!--not stated--> |date = June 1, 1975 |title = I-40 Unbroken in Oklahoma; Ceremony to Open Last Stretch Near Erick Monday |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116560360/i-40-unbroken-in-oklahoma/ |at = §1, p. 5 |work = The Sunday Oklahoman |location = Oklahoma City |access-date = January 15, 2023 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author = <!--not stated--> |date = 2011 |title = Moments In History: June |url = https://www.odot.org/odot100/moments/06-june.php |publisher = Oklahoma Department of Transportation |access-date = January 15, 2023 }}</ref> In 1971, the North Carolina State Highway Commission approved a plan to extend I-40 from [[Research Triangle Park]] to [[Interstate 95 in North Carolina|I-95]], a distance of {{convert|41|mi|km}}, at a cost of $75 million (equivalent to ${{inflation|US-GDP|75|1971|r=2}} million in {{inflation/year|US-GDP}}{{inflation/fn|US-GDP}}). Most of the highway would be four lanes, though six lanes were likely near [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], where I-40 would extend the [[Raleigh Beltline|Beltline]]. Several routes were being considered, but, at the time, the most likely route would have ended north of [[Smithfield, North Carolina|Smithfield]].<ref>{{cite news |title = SHC Approves I-40 Link in Wake County |work = [[Independent Tribune|Concord Tribune]] |agency = [[Associated Press]] |date = July 20, 1971 }}</ref> When the last portion of I-40, connecting Wilmington to Raleigh, was dedicated on June 29, 1990, CBS journalist [[Charles Kuralt]] stated: {{cquote|Thanks to the Interstate Highway System, it is now possible to travel from coast to coast without seeing anything.<ref>{{cite news |last = Wilson |first = Amy |url = http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/01/0102_020104wir66_2.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050825095153/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/01/0102_020104wir66_2.html |url-status = dead |archive-date = August 25, 2005 |title = U.S. Route 66: Historic Road Is Time Line of America |work = National Geographic News |date = January 18, 2002 |access-date = February 18, 2006 }}</ref><ref name=I40Facts>{{cite web |publisher = [[North Carolina Department of Transportation]] |url = http://www.ncdot.org//public/50thanniv/ncinterstates/download/factsI40.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080621040412/http://www.ncdot.org//public/50thanniv/ncinterstates/download/factsI40.pdf |title = I-40 Fact Sheet |date = June 21, 2008 |access-date = June 20, 2014 |archive-date = June 21, 2008 }}</ref>}} ===Controversies=== In [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], I-40 was originally planned to pass through the city's [[Overton Park]], a {{convert|342|acre|ha|adj=on}} public park. Following a public announcement of the routing, a group of community activists opposed to the routing founded an organization called [[Citizens to Preserve Overton Park]] in 1957, and collected 10,000 signatures in their support.<ref name=McNichol>{{cite book |last = McNichol |first = Dan |date = 2006 |title = The Roads that Built America: The Incredible Story of the U.S. Interstate System |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=b0qO1yCFRxYC |location = New York |publisher = [[Sterling Publishing]] |pages = 159–161 |isbn = 9781402734687 |via = Google Books }}</ref> After Secretary of Transportation [[John Volpe]] authorized the state to solicit bids for the construction of the Interstate through the park in 1969, the organization filed a lawsuit, which culminated in the [[List of landmark court decisions in the United States|landmark]] [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] ruling of ''[[Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe]]'' in 1971, which ruled that the state highway department had not adequately explored alternative routes for the interstate.<ref>{{cite court |litigants = Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe |vol = 401 |reporter = U.S. |opinion = 402 |court = U.S. Supreme Court |year = 1971 |url = http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=401&page=402 |via = [[FindLaw]] }}</ref> This case is considered to have established the modern process of [[judicial review]] of infrastructural projects, and eventually resulted in the state rerouting the alignment of I-40 through the park onto a section of I-240 in 1981.<ref name="McNichol"/><ref>{{cite news |last1 = Cunningham |first1 = Morris |last2 = Brosnan |first2 = James W. |date = January 17, 1981 |title = I-40 Funds Diverted, Park Route Canceled |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/88551737/i-40-funds-diverted-park-route-canceled/ |page = 1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/88551755/canceling-park-route-nets-city-i-40/ 3] |work = The Commercial Appeal |location = Memphis |access-date = November 8, 2021 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref> ===Major projects=== Between May 1980 and March 1982, a major project was conducted on I-40 in Knoxville that widened the route, eliminated several interchanges, added frontage roads, and reconstructed the congestion-prone cloverleaf interchange with I-75, which had earned the nickname "Malfunction Junction", into a three-level stack interchange.<ref>{{cite news |title = Interstate Work Ahead of Schedule; 3 Contracts Signed |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91442063/interstate-work-ahead-of-schedule-3/ |access-date = December 30, 2021 |work = The Knoxville News-Sentinel |date = April 29, 1980 |page = 21 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author = <!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title = Junction Bottleneck Officially Broken |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89194354/junction-bottleneck-officially-broken/ |page = C-1 |work = The Knoxville News-Sentinel |date = March 31, 1982 |access-date = November 19, 2021 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref> This was conducted as part of a larger $250 million (equivalent to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|250000000|1982}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}) road improvement project in the Knoxville area in preparation for the [[1982 World's Fair]].<ref>{{cite book |type = Report |author1 = Knoxville-Knox County Metropolitan Planning Commission |author2 = Barton-Aschman Associates |author3 = Knoxville International Energy Exposition |author4 = K-Trans |date = December 1982 |title = 1982 World's Fair Transportation System Evaluation |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FYwnAQAAMAAJ |publisher = Office of Planning Assistance, Urban Mass Transportation Administration |page = <!--Multiple--> |id = DOT-I-83-4 |access-date = June 6, 2020 |via = Google Books }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last = Hunt |first = Keel |date = 2018 |title = Crossing the Aisle: How Bipartisanship Brought Tennessee to the Twenty-First Century and Could Save America |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=h7wpEAAAQBAJ |location = Nashville |publisher = Vanderbilt University Press |pages = 101–102, 117–129, 122 |isbn = 978-0-8265-2241-2 |via = Google Books }}</ref> Originally, I-40 was constructed through downtown [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem]], and it continued to follow that route until a new urban bypass route was built. After the bypass was completed around 1992, I-40 was relocated to the new freeway. The old highway was then redesignated as [[Interstate 40 Business (Winston-Salem, North Carolina)|Interstate 40 Business]] (I-40 Bus.), establishing a business route that was actually an expressway for its entire length, a rarity among business routes. Following a reconstruction, the expressway was renamed [[Salem Parkway (North Carolina)|Salem Parkway]] and redesignated as part of [[U.S. Route 421 in North Carolina|US 421]]. The "[[Big I]]" interchange in Albuquerque between I-40 and I-25 was reconstructed between 2000 and 2002 in a project that eliminated left-hand entrance ramps and added lanes. This project was given an honorable mention by the [[United States Department of Transportation]] and the FHWA for excellence in urban highway design in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/eihd/2002/cat1pic8.htm |title = Excellence in Highway Design - 2002 I-25/I-40 System-to-System Interchange, Albuquerque, New Mexico |publisher = Federal Highway Administration |access-date = November 27, 2011 }}</ref> The [[Oklahoma City Crosstown Expressway]] was relocated and replaced with a new wider alignment in two phases between May 2002 and October 2012. The old alignment was replaced with [[Oklahoma City Boulevard]], and at-grade thoroughfare.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.macokc.com/project/i-40-crosstown/ |title = I-40 Crosstown Realignment |publisher = MacArthur Associated Consultants |location = Oklahoma City |access-date = May 7, 2022 |quote = }}</ref> In Memphis, the cancellation of the Overton Park stretch of I-240, along with increased traffic volumes and safety hazards, rendered both interchanges with I-240 unable to effectively handle unplanned traffic patterns, thus necessitating their reconstruction. This was accomplished in three phases between January 2001 and December 2016.<ref>{{cite news |last = Adams |first = Tracy |date = June 26, 2003 |title = Honk if you like I-40 relief |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90006239/honk-if-you-like-i-40-relief/ |page = A1 |work = The Commercial Appeal |location = Memphis |access-date = January 30, 2022 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title = TDOT sharpens listening skills |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93776122/tdot-sharpens-listening-skills/ |access-date = January 30, 2022 |work = The Commercial Appeal |date = October 17, 2003 |location = Memphis |page = B4 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://dementconstruction.com/i-40-i-240-interchange-phase-ii/ |title = I-40 / I-240 Interchange – Phase II |author = <!--Not stated--> |date = 2016 |publisher = Dement Construction Company |access-date = February 16, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=commercialappeal06>{{cite news |last = Charlier |first = Tom |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89563429/midtown-i-40-240-project-wraps-up/ |title = Midtown I-40/240 Project Wraps Up; Dangerous curves led to deaths of 8 in 1988 |date = December 10, 2006 |work = The Commercial Appeal |page = B1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89563503/project/ B7] |location = Memphis |access-date = November 26, 2021 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref> A $203.7 million two-phase project dubbed "SmartFix 40" resulted in a complete closure of a short stretch of I-40 through Knoxville between May 1, 2008, and June 12, 2009.<ref>{{cite press release |first = Travis |last = Brickey |title = Interstate 40 Reopens In Knoxville 18 days ahead of schedule |url = http://news.tennesseeanytime.org/node/2104 |date = June 12, 2009 |publisher = Tennessee Department of Transportation |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090615075026/http://news.tennesseeanytime.org/node/2104 |archive-date = June 15, 2009 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> This was done in order to accelerate the construction timeline, and during this time, through traffic was required to use [[Interstate 640|I-640]].<ref>{{cite news |last = Jacobs |first = Don |date = April 13, 2008 |title = Downtown's 14-month I-40 shutdown will mean new routes, potential surprises |url = https://archive.knoxnews.com/news/local/downtowns-14-month-i-40-shutdown-will-mean-new-routes-potential-surprises-ep-411801200-359923741.html/ |work = The Knoxville News-Sentinel |access-date = January 31, 2021 }}</ref> Both phases of the project won an America's Transportation Award from AASHTO in 2008 and 2010, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://americastransportationawards.org/2008-2/tn-smartfix40/ |title = TN: SmartFix40 |author = <!--Not stated--> |date = 2008 |publisher = American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |access-date = January 31, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://americastransportationawards.org/past-projects/2010-2/tn-smartfix40-phase-2-knoxville-project/ |title = TN: SmartFIX40 Phase 2 Knoxville Project |author = <!--Not stated--> |date = 2010 |publisher = American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |access-date = January 31, 2021 }}</ref> ===Geological difficulties=== Landslides are common in the Pigeon River Gorge section along the Tennessee and North Carolina border. Here, the roadway was cut into the slopes of several steep mountains. Accidents on the winding road are also common especially during bad weather. On October 25, 2009, I-40 was closed at the North Carolina and Tennessee border due to a landslide at milemarker 2.6 just east of the Tennessee state line. All traffic was detoured via I-26 and I-81, and non-heavy-load traffic via US 25 and US 70.<ref>{{cite news |first = Stephen |last = McLamb |date = October 27, 2009 |url = http://www.volunteertv.com/news/headlines/66605652.html |title = HWY 25-70 a scenic, tough rock slide detour |publisher = [[WVLT-TV]] |access-date = November 27, 2011 |url-status = usurped |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100215020545/http://www.volunteertv.com/news/headlines/66605652.html |archive-date = February 15, 2010 }}</ref> The roadway was reopened on April 25, 2010, with some remaining limitations on westbound traffic.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2010/apr/25/section-of-i-40-back-open-after-oct-slide/ |title = Section of I-40 closed since Oct. rockslide reopens |last = Hickman |first = Hayes |work = Knoxville News Sentinel |date = April 26, 2010 |access-date = April 26, 2010 }}</ref> ===Major incidents=== [[File:I40 Bridge disaster.jpg|thumb|The collapsed section of the I-40 bridge, May 31, 2002]] On December 23, 1988, a [[tank truck|tanker truck]] hauling liquefied propane [[Memphis tanker truck disaster|overturned on a ramp in the interchange between I-40 and I-240]] in the [[Midtown, Memphis|Midtown]] neighborhood of Memphis, rupturing a small hole in the front of the tank.<ref>{{cite news |last = Charlier |first = Tom |date = December 24, 1988 |title = Fiery tanker crash kills 6; Cars, homes enveloped by inferno along I-240 |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/88843440/fiery-tanker-crash-kills-6/ |page = A1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/88843657/crash/ A5] |work = The Commercial Appeal |location = Memphis |access-date = December 5, 2021 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last = Beifuss |first = John |date = December 24, 1988 |title = Even witnesses seem scorched by fire's havoc |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/88843593/even-witnesses-seem-scorched-by-fires/ |page = A4 |work = The Commercial Appeal |location = Memphis |access-date = December 5, 2021 |via = Newspapers.com }}</ref> The leaking gas ignited in a massive fireball, and the tank was propelled {{convert|125|yd|m}} from the crash site into a nearby duplex apartment.<ref>{{cite book |type = Report |first = Michael S. |last = Isner |date = February 6, 1990 |title = Fire Investigation Report: Propane Tank Truck Incident, Eight People Killed, Memphis, Tennessee, December 23, 1988 |url = https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/News-and-Research/Resources/Fire-Investigations/fimemphis.ashx |publisher = National Fire Protection Association |access-date = January 18, 2021 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210128223921/https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/News-and-Research/Resources/Fire-Investigations/fimemphis.ashx |archive-date = January 28, 2021 }}</ref> The incident killed six motorists and three occupants of nearby structures, and provided momentum for the eventual reconstruction of the interchange.<ref>{{cite news |date = December 25, 1988 |title = Death Toll at 9 in Memphis Tanker Explosion |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/25/us/death-toll-at-9-in-memphis-tanker-explosion.html |work = The New York Times |agency = Associated Press |access-date = January 12, 2021 }}</ref><ref name=commercialappeal06/> The [[I-40 bridge disaster]] occurred on May 26, 2002, when a barge collided with a bridge foundation member near [[Webbers Falls, Oklahoma]], causing a {{convert|580|ft|m|adj=on}} section of the I-40 bridge to plunge into the [[Arkansas River]]. Automobiles and semitrailers fell into the water, killing 14 people. On May 11, 2021, the [[Hernando de Soto Bridge]] carrying I-40 over the Mississippi River was closed when inspectors discovered a crack on a tie girder.<ref>{{cite news |title = I-40 bridge closed indefinitely after crack discovered in structure |url = https://www.wmcactionnews5.com/2021/05/11/emergency-roadwork-shutdowns-i-bridge/ |access-date = June 11, 2021 |publisher = [[WMC-TV]] |date = May 11, 2021 |location = Memphis }}</ref> A subsequent investigation revealed that the crack had existed since at least May 2019, and reports later surfaced that the crack had likely existed since August 2016.<ref>{{cite news |last1 = Chaney |first1 = Kim |title = Yes, there was damage to the I-40 Hernando de Soto bridge at the time of 2019 inspection |url = https://www.localmemphis.com/article/news/verify/yes-there-was-damage-to-the-i-40-hernando-de-soto-bridge-at-the-time-of-2019-inspection/522-16447073-9d21-4c42-aeaa-65f4160cab9c |access-date = June 11, 2021 |publisher = [[WATN-TV]] |date = May 14, 2021 |location = Memphis }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1 = Peterson |first1 = Joyce |title = Photos show I-40 bridge damage in 2016 |url = https://www.wmcactionnews5.com/2021/05/18/photos-show-i-bridge-damage/ |access-date = June 11, 2021 |publisher = WMC-TV |date = May 19, 2021 |location = Memphis }}</ref> An emergency contract to repair the beam was awarded six days after the closure,<ref>{{cite web |title = Interstate 40 Hernando DeSoto Bridge – Timeline |url = https://www.tn.gov/tdot/projects/region-4/i-40-hernando-desoto-bridge/timeline.html |publisher = Tennessee Department of Transportation |access-date = June 11, 2021 |date = May 17, 2021 |archive-date = June 11, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210611034647/https://www.tn.gov/tdot/projects/region-4/i-40-hernando-desoto-bridge/timeline.html |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1 = Duncan |first1 = Ian |title = Repairs to cracked Mississippi River interstate bridge will stretch on for weeks |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2021/06/03/memphis-bridge-mississippi-river/ |access-date = June 11, 2021 |newspaper = The Washington Post |date = June 3, 2021 }}</ref> and the bridge reopened on July 31, 2021, to eastbound traffic,<ref>{{cite news |last = Finton |first = Lucas |title = The Hernando DeSoto Bridge reopens eastbound lanes, 2 days ahead of plans |date = August 1, 2021 |url = https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/news/local/2021/07/30/eastbound-lanes-40-bridge-re-open-saturday/5436041001/ |work = The Commercial Appeal |location = Memphis |access-date = August 1, 2021 }}</ref> and to westbound traffic on August 2, 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last = Burnside |first = Tina |title = A vital Memphis bridge shut down since May due to a structural crack has fully reopened |date = August 2, 2021 |url = https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/02/us/memphis-hernando-desoto-bridge-reopen/index.html |publisher = CNN |access-date = August 3, 2021 }}</ref> The highway was badly damaged during [[Hurricane Helene]] in September 2024, with the road closed in multiple locations across western North Carolina due to landslides.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Doty |first = Justin Berger and Kelly |date = September 28, 2024 |title = Parts of I-40, I-26 to remain closed for days, according to NCDOT |url = https://wlos.com/news/local/parts-interstate-40-26-remain-closed-after-helene-storm-damage-flooding-mudslides-road-conditions-asheville-buncombe-haywood |access-date = September 29, 2024 |publisher = WLOS |language = en }}</ref> The worst damage was seen near North Carolina's border with Tennessee, where a large portion of the highway was washed into the [[Pigeon River (Tennessee–North Carolina)|Pigeon River]] following a mudslide, resulting in it being indefinitely closed in both directions.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Wulfeck |first = Andrew |date = September 27, 2024 |title = Interstate 40 partially collapses after catastrophic rains in North Carolina |url = https://www.foxweather.com/extreme-weather/interstate-40-north-carolina-flooding-helene |access-date = September 29, 2024 |website = FOX Weather |language = en-US }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last = Kiehl |first = Allison |title = Interstate 40 collapses at the Tennessee-North Carolina border near the Gorge |url = https://www.knoxnews.com/story/weather/2024/09/28/interstate-40-collapse-tennessee-north-carolina-border-near-gorge/75427194007/ |access-date = September 29, 2024 |website = Knoxville News Sentinel |language = en-US }}</ref> On November 5, it was announced that the highway could reopen as early as the beginning of 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1 = Kiehl |first1 = Allison |title = When Will Interstate 40 Reopen at the Tennessee–North Carolina State Line? Maybe Early 2025 |url = https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/local/2024/11/05/i-40-tennessee-north-carolina-state-line-could-reopen-early-2025/76076691007/ |access-date = November 21, 2024 |work = Knoxville News Sentinel |date = November 5, 2024 }}</ref> ==Major junctions== ;California : {{jct|country=USA|I|15}} in [[Barstow, California|Barstow]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|95}} west-northwest of [[Needles, California|Needles]]. The highways travel concurrently to Needles. ;Arizona : {{jct|country=USA|Future|11|US|93|nolink1=yes}} in [[Kingman, Arizona|Kingman]]. The highways travel concurrently to east-northeast of Kingman. : {{jct|country=USA|I|17}} in [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|89|US|180}} in Flagstaff. I-40/US 180 travels concurrently to [[Holbrook, Arizona|Holbrook]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|191}} in [[Chambers, Arizona|Chambers]]. The highways travel concurrently to [[Sanders, Arizona|Sanders]]. ;New Mexico : {{jct|country=USA|US|491}} in [[Gallup, New Mexico|Gallup]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|25|US|85}} in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|285}} in [[Clines Corners, New Mexico|Clines Corners]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|84}} west-northwest of [[Santa Rosa, New Mexico|Santa Rosa]]. The highways travel concurrently to Santa Rosa. : {{jct|country=USA|US|54}} in Santa Rosa. The highways travel concurrently to [[Tucumcari, New Mexico|Tucumcari]]. ;Texas : {{jct|country=USA|US|385}} in [[Vega, Texas|Vega]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|27|US|60|US|87|US|287}} in [[Amarillo, Texas|Amarillo]]. I-40/US 287 travels concurrently through Amarillo. : {{jct|country=USA|US|83}} in [[Shamrock, Texas|Shamrock]] ;Oklahoma : {{jct|country=USA|US|283}} in [[Sayre, Oklahoma|Sayre]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|183}} in [[Clinton, Oklahoma|Clinton]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|281}} in [[Hinton, Oklahoma|Hinton]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|270}} west of [[El Reno, Oklahoma|El Reno]]. The highways travel concurrently to northwest of [[Shawnee, Oklahoma|Shawnee]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|81}} in El Reno : {{jct|country=USA|I|44}} in [[Oklahoma City]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|35|I|235|dab2=Oklahoma|US|62|US|77}} in Oklahoma City. I-35/I-40/US 62 travels concurrently through Oklahoma City. : {{jct|country=USA|I|240|dab1=Oklahoma}} in Oklahoma City : {{jct|country=USA|US|177|US|270}} northwest of Shawnee : {{jct|country=USA|US|377}} south-southeast of [[Prague, Oklahoma|Prague]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|62}} in [[Okemah, Oklahoma|Okemah]]. The highways travel concurrently to [[Henryetta, Oklahoma|Henryetta]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|75}} northeast of [[Clearview, Oklahoma|Clearview]]. The highways travel concurrently to Henryetta. : {{jct|country=USA|US|69}} southwest of [[Checotah, Oklahoma|Checotah]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|266}} in [[Warner, Oklahoma|Warner]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|59}} in [[Sallisaw, Oklahoma|Sallisaw]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} in Sallisaw : {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} in [[Roland, Oklahoma|Roland]] ;Arkansas : {{jct|country=USA|I|540|dab1=Arkansas|US|71}} in [[Van Buren, Arkansas|Van Buren]]. I-40/US 71 travels concurrently to [[Alma, Arkansas|Alma]]. : {{jct|country=USA|I|49}} in Alma : {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} in [[Clarksville, Arkansas|Clarksville]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} in [[Lamar, Arkansas|Lamar]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} in [[London, Arkansas|London]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|65}} in [[Conway, Arkansas|Conway]]. The highways travel concurrently to [[North Little Rock, Arkansas|North Little Rock]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} in Conway : {{jct|country=USA|I|430}} in North Little Rock : {{jct|country=USA|I|30|I|57|US|65|US|67|US|167}} in North Little Rock. I-40/US 67/US 167 travels concurrently through North Little Rock. : {{jct|country=USA|I|440|dab1=Arkansas}} in North Little Rock : {{jct|country=USA|US|63}} in [[Hazen, Arkansas|Hazen]]. The highways travel concurrently to [[West Memphis, Arkansas|West Memphis]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|49}} in [[Brinkley, Arkansas|Brinkley]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|79}} south of [[Jennette, Arkansas|Jennette]]. The highways travel concurrently to West Memphis. : {{jct|country=USA|I|55|US|61|US|63|US|64}} in West Memphis. I-40/I-55/US 61/US 64 travels concurrently through West Memphis. ;Tennessee : {{jct|country=USA|US|51}} in [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|69|I|240|dab2=Tennessee}} in Memphis. I-40/I-69 travels concurrently through Memphis. : {{jct|country=USA|US|64|US|70|US|79}} in Memphis : {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} on the Memphis–[[Bartlett, Tennessee|Bartlett]] city line : {{jct|country=USA|I|269}} in [[Arlington, Tennessee|Arlington]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|70}} east of [[Brownsville, Tennessee|Brownsville]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|412}} in [[Jackson, Tennessee|Jackson]]. The highways travel concurrently to northeast of Jackson. : {{jct|country=USA|US|45}} in Jackson : {{jct|country=USA|US|70|US|412}} northeast of Jackson : {{jct|country=USA|US|641}} southeast of [[Holladay, Tennessee|Holladay]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|840|dab1=Tennessee}} southeast of [[Burns, Tennessee|Burns]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|70S}} in [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|70}} in Nashville : {{jct|country=USA|I|440|dab1=Tennessee}} in Nashville : {{jct|country=USA|I|65}} in Nashville. The highways travel concurrently through Nashville. : {{jct|country=USA|US|70}} in Nashville : {{jct|country=USA|US|70|US|70S|US|431}} in Nashville : {{jct|country=USA|US|31A|US|41A|dab2=Tennessee}} in Nashville : {{jct|country=USA|I|24}} in Nashville. The highways travel concurrently through Nashville. : {{jct|country=USA|I|840|dab1=Tennessee}} in [[Lebanon, Tennessee|Lebanon]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|231}} in [[Lebanon, Tennessee|Lebanon]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|70}} in Lebanon : {{jct|country=USA|US|70N}} in Cookeville : {{jct|country=USA|US|70N}} in [[Monterey, Tennessee|Monterey]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|127}} in [[Crossville, Tennessee|Crossville]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|27}} in [[Harriman, Tennessee|Harriman]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|321}} in [[Lenoir City, Tennessee|Lenoir City]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|75}} west of [[Farragut, Tennessee|Farragut]]. The highways travel concurrently to [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]]. : {{jct|country=USA|I|140|dab1=Tennessee}} in Knoxville : {{jct|country=USA|US|11|US|70}} in Knoxville : {{jct|country=USA|I|75|I|640}} in Knoxville : {{jct|country=USA|US|129}} in Knoxville : {{jct|country=USA|I|275|dab1=Tennessee}} in Knoxville : {{jct|country=USA|US|441}} in Knoxville : {{jct|country=USA|US|11W}} in Knoxville : {{jct|country=USA|I|640|US|25W}} in Knoxville. I-40/US 25W travels concurrently through Knoxville. : {{jct|country=USA|US|11E|US|25W|US|70}} in Knoxville : {{jct|country=USA|US|25W|US|70}} west of [[Dandridge, Tennessee|Dandridge]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|81}} north-northeast of Dandridge : {{jct|country=USA|US|25W|US|70|US|411}} in [[Newport, Tennessee|Newport]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|321}} in Newport ;North Carolina : {{jct|country=USA|US|276}} in [[Cove Creek, North Carolina|Cove Creek]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|74}} north-northwest of [[Clyde, North Carolina|Clyde]]. The highways travel concurrently to [[Asheville, North Carolina|Asheville]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|19|US|23}} in Asheville : {{jct|country=USA|I|26|I|240|dab2=North Carolina|US|74}} in Asheville : {{jct|country=USA|US|25}} in Asheville : {{jct|country=USA|I|240|dab1=North Carolina}} in Asheville : {{jct|country=USA|US|70}} in [[Black Mountain, North Carolina|Black Mountain]]. The highways travel concurrently to southwest of [[Old Fort, North Carolina|Old Fort]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|221}} southeast of [[West Marion, North Carolina|West Marion]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} in [[Morganton, North Carolina|Morganton]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|321}} in [[Hickory, North Carolina|Hickory]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} in [[Statesville, North Carolina|Statesville]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|21}} in Statesville : {{jct|country=USA|I|77|dab1=North Carolina}} in Statesville : {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} in Statesville : {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} east-northeast of Statesville : {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} west-northwest of [[Mocksville, North Carolina|Mocksville]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|601}} in Mocksville : {{jct|country=USA|US|421}} in [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|158}} in Winston-Salem : {{jct|country=USA|US|52|I|285|dab2=North Carolina}} in Winston-Salem : {{jct|country=USA|I|74}} in Winston-Salem : {{jct|country=USA|US|421}} west of [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]]. The highways travel concurrently to Greensboro. : {{jct|country=USA|I|73|US|421|I|840|dab3=North Carolina}} in Greensboro : {{jct|country=USA|US|220}} in Greensboro. The highways travel concurrently through Greensboro. : {{jct|country=USA|US|29|US|70}} in Greensboro. The highways travel concurrently through Greensboro. : {{jct|country=USA|I|85|I|840|dab2=North Carolina|I|785}} in Greensboro. I-40/I-85 travels concurrently to southwest of [[Hillsborough, North Carolina|Hillsborough]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|15|US|501}} in [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|885}} in Durham : {{jct|country=USA|I|540|dab1=North Carolina}} in Durham : {{jct|country=USA|I|440|dab1=North Carolina|US|1|US|64}} in [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]]. I-40/US 64 travels concurrently through Raleigh. : {{jct|country=USA|US|70|US|401}} in Raleigh : {{jct|country=USA|I|87|dab1=North Carolina|I|440|dab2=North Carolina|US|64}} in Raleigh : {{jct|country=USA|US|70}} in [[Garner, North Carolina|Garner]]. The highways travel concurrently to west-southwest of [[Clayton, North Carolina|Clayton]]. : {{jct|country=USA|I|42|US|70}} near Clayton. : {{jct|country=USA|I|95}} in [[Benson, North Carolina|Benson]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|701}} south-southeast of [[Newton Grove, North Carolina|Newton Grove]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|117}} south-southeast of [[Warsaw, North Carolina|Warsaw]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|117}} east-southeast of [[Willard, North Carolina|Willard]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|140|dab1=North Carolina}} in [[Murraysville, North Carolina|Murraysville]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|117}} on the [[Kings Grant, North Carolina|Kings Grant]]–Murraysville CDP line <ref name=randmcnally>{{cite book |author = Rand McNally |year = 2014 |title = The Road Atlas |edition = Walmart |location = Chicago |publisher = Rand McNally |pages = 8, 10–11, 15, 68, 74–75, 82–83, 94–95 |isbn = 978-0-528-00771-2 }}</ref> ==Auxiliary routes== *[[Interstate 140 (Tennessee)|I-140]]: [[Alcoa, Tennessee|Alcoa]]–[[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]]–[[Oak Ridge, Tennessee|Oak Ridge]] area, Tennessee *[[Interstate 140 (North Carolina)|I-140]]: [[Wilmington, North Carolina]] *[[Interstate 240 (Oklahoma)|I-240]]: [[Oklahoma City|Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]] *[[Interstate 240 (Tennessee)|I-240]]: [[Memphis, Tennessee]] *[[Interstate 240 (North Carolina)|I-240]]: [[Asheville, North Carolina]] *[[Interstate 440 (Arkansas)|I-440]]: [[Little Rock, Arkansas]] *[[Interstate 440 (Tennessee)|I-440]]: [[Nashville, Tennessee]] *[[Interstate 440 (North Carolina)|I-440]]: [[Raleigh, North Carolina]] *[[Interstate 540 (Arkansas)|I-540]]: spur to [[Fort Smith, Arkansas]] *[[Interstate 540 (North Carolina)|I-540]]: [[Raleigh, North Carolina]] *[[Interstate 640|I-640]]: [[Knoxville, Tennessee]] *[[Interstate 840 (Tennessee)|I-840]]: partial beltway around [[Nashville, Tennessee]] *[[Interstate 840 (North Carolina)|I-840]]: [[Greensboro, North Carolina]] In Oklahoma City, the designation I-440 had been given to a stretch of Interstate Highway from I-240 to US 66. It was a part of Grand Boulevard that had been built in compliance with [[Interstate Highway standards]]. In 1982, as part of Oklahoma's "Diamond Jubilee", I-44's western terminus was moved from the I-35/I-44 junction to the Texas–Oklahoma state line via the Belle Isle Freeway (connecting I-440 with I-35); I-440, the H. E. Bailey Turnpike; and the turnpike connector road on the eastern edge of [[Lawton, Oklahoma]]. The I-440 number was dropped at the time. ===Business routes=== {{see also|Business routes of Interstate 40}} * Interstate 40 Business in California: [[Needles, California|Needles]] *Interstate 40 Business in Arizona: spur to [[Winslow, Arizona|Winslow]], loops through [[Winslow, Arizona|Winslow]], [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]], [[Williams, Arizona|Williams]], [[Ash Fork, Arizona|Ash Fork]], [[Seligman, Arizona|Seligman]], and [[Kingman, Arizona|Kingman]] *Interstate 40 Business in New Mexico: [[Tucumcari, New Mexico|Tucumcari]], [[Santa Rosa, New Mexico|Santa Rosa]], [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]], [[Grants, New Mexico|Grants]], Mount Taylor, and [[Gallup, New Mexico|Gallup]] *Interstate 40 Business in Texas: [[Shamrock, Texas|Shamrock]], [[McLean, Texas|McLean]], [[Groom, Texas|Groom]], [[Amarillo, Texas|Amarillo]], [[Vega, Texas|Vega]], [[Adrian, Texas]], and [[Glenrio, New Mexico and Texas]] *Interstate 40 Business in Oklahoma: [[Sallisaw, Oklahoma|Sallisaw]], [[Henryetta, Oklahoma|Henryetta]], [[El Reno, Oklahoma|El Reno]], [[Weatherford, Oklahoma|Weatherford]], [[Clinton, Oklahoma|Clinton]], [[Elk City, Oklahoma|Elk City]], [[Sayre, Oklahoma|Sayre]], and [[Erick, Oklahoma]] *Interstate 40 Business in North Carolina: formerly in both [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem]] and [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]], now [[Salem Parkway (North Carolina)|Salem Parkway]]; [[Interstate 40 Business (Raleigh, North Carolina)|Raleigh]], now [[Interstate 440 (North Carolina)|I-440]] ==See also== *{{Portal-inline|U.S. Roads}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Interstate 40}} {{AttachedKML|display=title,inline}} * {{osmrelation-inline|331438}} * [http://www.interstate-guide.com/i-040.html Interstate-Guide: I-40] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329094617/http://www.interstate-guide.com/i-040.html |date=March 29, 2010 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071030215411/http://www.tomjonas.com/swex/beale.htm The Beale Wagon Road] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080510085501/http://www.hq.usace.army.mil/cepa/pubs/jul02/story2.htm The I-40 Bridge Disaster] {{I-40 aux}} {{interstates}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Interstate 40| ]] [[Category:Interstate Highway System|40]] [[Category:U.S. Route 66|040]]
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