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Interstate 78
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{{Short description|Interstate Highway in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2017}} {{Use American English|date=May 2022}} {{Infobox road | country = USA | route = 78 | type = I | map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|type=line|raw={{Wikipedia:Map data/Wikipedia KML/Interstate 78}}}} | map_custom = yes | map_notes = I-78 highlighted in red | established = 1957 | length_mi = 146.28 | maint = [[PennDOT]], [[DRJTBC]], [[NJDOT]], [[NJTA]], and [[PANYNJ]] | length_round = 2 | length_ref = <ref name=fhwa>{{cite web |url = https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/interstate_highway_system/routefinder/table01.cfm |work= FHWA Route Log and Finder List |title = Table 1 - Main Routes |date = December 31, 2021 |access-date = May 29, 2022 |author = [[Federal Highway Administration]] }}</ref> | direction_a = West | direction_b = East | terminus_a = {{jct|state=PA|I|81}} in [[Union Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania|Union Township, PA]] | terminus_b = [[Canal Street (Manhattan)|Canal Street]] in [[New York City|New York, NY]] | junction = <!-- Major junctions only; Only 10 most major intersections and cities belong here; please read [[WP:USRD/STDS]] for more info -->{{plainlist|1= *{{jct|country=USA|US|22}} in [[Fredericksburg, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania|Fredericksburg, PA]] *{{jct|state=PA|US|222|PA|309}} near [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown, PA]] *{{jct|state=PA|PA|33}} near [[Easton, Pennsylvania|Easton, PA]] *{{jct|state=NJ|US|22}} near [[Alpha, New Jersey|Alpha, NJ]] *{{jct|state=NJ|NJ|31}} in [[Clinton Township, New Jersey|Clinton Township, NJ]] *{{jct|state=NJ|I|287}} in [[Bedminster Township, New Jersey|Bedminster, NJ]] *{{jct|state=NJ|NJ|24}} in [[Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey|Springfield, NJ]] *{{jct|state=NJ|GSP2}} at the [[Union Township, Union County, New Jersey|Union Township]]–[[Hillside, New Jersey|Hillside, NJ]] line *{{jct|state=NJ|US|1-9|NJ|21}} in [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark, NJ]] *{{jct|state=NJ|I-Toll|95|NJTP2||US|1-9}} in Newark, NJ}} | states = [[Pennsylvania]], [[New Jersey]], [[New York (state)|New York]] | restrictions = No [[Dangerous goods|hazardous goods]] in [[Holland Tunnel]] }} '''Interstate 78''' ('''I-78''') is an east–west [[Interstate Highway]] in the [[Northeastern United States]] that runs {{Convert|144|mi|km}} from [[Interstate 81|I-81]] northeast of [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]], through [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]] to western and [[North Jersey]], terminating at the [[Holland Tunnel]] entrance to [[Lower Manhattan]] in [[New York City]]. Major metropolitan areas along I-78 include the [[Lehigh Valley]] in [[Pennsylvania]], the [[Gateway Region]] in New Jersey, and the [[New York metropolitan area]]. I-78 links ports in New York City and [[North Jersey]] to points west, including the Lehigh Valley, the third-largest metropolitan region of [[Pennsylvania]]. I-78 accommodates over four million trucks annually, representing 24 percent of all truck traffic in the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Jersey's Infrastructure for Business {{!}} Choose New Jersey |url=https://www.choosenj.com/new-jerseys-assets/infrastructure/ |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=Choose New Jersey, Inc. |language=en-US}}</ref> It also is a major connection point to the New York metropolitan area's three major international airports, [[Newark Liberty International Airport]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]], and [[LaGuardia Airport]]. ==Route description== {{lengths table|length_ref=<ref name=fhwa />}} |- |[[Interstate 78 in Pennsylvania|PA]] |{{convert|77.95|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |[[Interstate 78 in New Jersey|NJ]] |{{convert|67.83|mi|km|disp=table}} |- ||[[Interstate 78 in New York|NY]] |{{convert|0.50|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |Total |{{convert|146.28|mi|km|disp=table}} |} ===Pennsylvania=== {{main|Interstate 78 in Pennsylvania}} [[File:Interstate 78 and 81 junction, northbound.jpg|thumb|The I-78 interchange approaching [[Interstate 81|I-81]] north in [[Union Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania|Union Township, Pennsylvania]]]] [[File:2022-08-16 08 31 14 View west along Interstate 78 just west of Exit 67 in Bethlehem, Northampton County, Pennsylvania.jpg|thumb|I-78 westbound past the [[Pennsylvania Route 412|PA 412]] interchange in [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]] in the [[Lehigh Valley]]]] I-78 begins at a [[directional T interchange]] with [[Interstate 81|I-81]] in [[Union Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania|Union Township]], about {{convert|25|mi|km}} northeast of [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]]. Near the east end of the county, at exit 8, [[U.S. Route 22]] (US 22) merges with I-78, and runs concurrently for the next {{convert|43|mi|km}} through [[Berks County, Pennsylvania|Berks]] and [[Lehigh County, Pennsylvania|Lehigh]] counties.<ref>{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=Bethel,+PA&ie=UTF8&ll=40.450605,-76.065216&spn=1.92281,3.641968&z=8&om=1 |title = Overview Map of I-78 in Lebanon, Berks, and Lehigh Counties |access-date = August 31, 2007 }}</ref> At exit 51, in [[Upper Macungie Township, Pennsylvania|Upper Macungie Township]], US 22 leaves the highway. Drivers on I-78 eastbound must use this exit to access [[Interstate 476|I-476]], also known as the Northeast Extension of the [[Pennsylvania Turnpike]], and westbound travelers must use exit 53 (northbound [[Pennsylvania Route 309]], PA 309) and then westbound US 22. From exits 53 to 60, I-78 runs concurrently with PA 309. The six-lane overlap bypasses the city of [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]] to the south and crosses [[South Mountain (Eastern Pennsylvania)|South Mountain]].<ref>{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=I-78,+Allentown,+PA&sll=40.486649,-76.065216&sspn=0.015014,0.028453&ie=UTF8&ll=40.570464,-75.538559&spn=0.239926,0.455246&z=11&om=1 |title = Overview Map of I-78 Southeast of Allentown |access-date = August 31, 2007 |link = no }}</ref><ref>{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=I-78,+Allentown,+PA&sll=40.486649,-76.065216&sspn=0.015014,0.028453&ie=UTF8&ll=40.564294,-75.483027&spn=0.001875,0.003557&t=k&z=18&om=1 |title = Overview Satellite Image of I-78 with Six Lanes |access-date = August 31, 2007 |link = no }}</ref> At exit 60 (A–B going westbound), PA 309 yields south to [[Quakertown, Pennsylvania|Quakertown]].<ref name="google">{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=I-78,+PA&um=1&sa=N&tab=wl |title = Interstate 78 in Pennsylvania |access-date = August 31, 2007 |link = no }}</ref> Approximately {{convert|6|mi|km|spell=in}} east, there is an interchange between [[Pennsylvania Route 412|PA 412]] and I-78 in [[Hellertown, Pennsylvania|Hellertown]], serving [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]] and [[Lehigh University]]. At exit 71, [[Pennsylvania Route 33|PA 33]] reaches its southern terminus at a [[trumpet interchange]]. PA 33 traverses the [[Pocono Mountains]] as it enters [[Bangor, Pennsylvania|Bangor]] and crosses [[Interstate 80|I-80]]. The final exit on I-78 in Pennsylvania is Morgan Hill Road, which accesses [[Pennsylvania Route 611|PA 611]] and [[Easton, Pennsylvania|Easton]]. I-78 then crosses the [[I-78 Toll Bridge]] and enters [[New Jersey]]. ===New Jersey=== {{main|Interstate 78 in New Jersey}} [[File:2018-05-29 11 01 47 View west along Interstate 78 (Phillipsburg-Newark Expressway) between Exit 36 and Exit 33 in Warren Township, Somerset County, New Jersey.jpg|thumb|I-78 westbound in [[Warren Township, New Jersey]]]] [[File:I-78 NJTPX EB.jpg|thumb|I-78 eastbound crossing [[Newark Bay]] at [[Newark Bay Bridge]]]] After the [[Interstate 78 Toll Bridge|I-78 Toll Bridge]], I-78 enters New Jersey as the '''Phillipsburg–Newark Expressway'''.<ref name="sld">{{cite web |author = New Jersey Department of Transportation |author-link = New Jersey Department of Transportation |url = http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/pdf/00000078__-.pdf |title = Interstate 78 Straight Line Diagram |access-date = March 19, 2020 }}</ref> The road begins by running parallel with [[County Route 642 (Warren County, New Jersey)|County Route 642]] (CR 642) in the town of [[Alpha, New Jersey|Alpha]]. At {{convert|3.94|mi|km}}, a [[partial cloverleaf interchange]] brings together [[U.S. Route 22|US 22]], [[New Jersey Route 122|Route 122]], and [[New Jersey Route 173|Route 173]] with I-78 in [[Phillipsburg, New Jersey|Phillipsburg]].<ref name="googlenj">{{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=I-78,+New+Jersey,+United+States&um=1&sa=N&tab=wl |title = I-78, New Jersey, United States |access-date = August 31, 2007 |link = no }}</ref> US 22 now runs concurrently with I-78 for the next {{convert|15|mi|km}}. Going westbound, exit 4 leaves to the right for [[County Route 637 (Warren County, New Jersey)|CR 637]] and [[Warren Glen, New Jersey|Warren Glen]]. The next exit, exit 6, is for [[County Route 632 (Warren County, New Jersey)|CR 632]] in [[Bloomsbury, New Jersey|Bloomsbury]]. The route number is not signed on I-78. Exit 7 in Bloomsbury is the first of several eastbound exits for Route 173, which runs parallel the Interstate. {{convert|4|mi|km|spell=In}} later, exit 11 leaves to the right as another exit for Route 173. [[County Route 614 (Warren County, New Jersey)|CR 614]] is located off the exit. Exit 12 westbound is for Route 173 again. Exit 12 eastbound is for a [[frontage road]] paralleling I-78. Exit 13 is only westbound and is another exit for Route 173. Nearby the exit, going eastbound, the frontage road merges in.<ref name="googlenj"/> Exit 15 is for Route 173 and [[County Route 513 (New Jersey)|CR 513]] in [[Franklin Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey|Franklin Township]]. Exit 17 is for [[New Jersey Route 31|Route 31]] in [[Clinton Township, New Jersey|Clinton Township]]. In [[Annandale, New Jersey|Annandale]], US 22 leaves I-78 at exit 18. US 22 continues to [[Bound Brook, New Jersey|Bound Brook]] and [[Union County, New Jersey|Union County]]. At exit 20, [[County Route 639 (Hunterdon County, New Jersey)|CR 639]] intersects. CR 639 heads to the [[Round Valley Reservoir]]. Exit 24 is for [[County Route 523 (New Jersey)|CR 523]] to [[Oldwick, New Jersey|Oldwick]]. At exit 29, [[Interstate 287|I-287]], [[U.S. Route 202|US 202]], and [[U.S. Route 206|US 206]] interchange with I-78 in [[Bedminster, New Jersey|Bedminster]]. At this point, in [[Somerset County, New Jersey|Somerset County]], exits 33, 36, and 40 are for county routes in [[Warren Township, New Jersey|Warren Township]]. At exit 41, I-78 enters Union County<ref name="googlenj"/> and then passes through the [[Watchung Reservation]], where land bridges cross over the highway to allow for the safe passage of wildlife. At exit 45, [[County Route 527 (New Jersey)|CR 527]] intersects after paralleling for some time. West of exit 48, I-78 splits into express and local highways. Exit 48 is for [[New Jersey Route 24|Route 24]] in [[Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey|Springfield Township]]. Exit 49A is for one of Route 24's spur routes, [[New Jersey Route 124|Route 124]]. Exit 52 is for the [[Garden State Parkway]] in [[Union Township, Union County, New Jersey|Union Township]]. At exits 57 and 58, [[New Jersey Route 21|Route 21]], [[U.S. Route 1|US 1]], [[U.S. Route 9|US 9]], and US 22 intersect I-78. The exit provides access to [[Newark Liberty International Airport]]. East of exit 58 at the eastern tip of [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], I-78 becomes the Newark Bay Extension of the [[New Jersey Turnpike]]. Past the first toll plaza, I-78 has an interchange with [[Interstate 95|I-95]] (New Jersey Turnpike) and crosses [[Newark Bay]] via the [[Newark Bay Bridge]].<ref name="googlenj"/> The first exit, 14A, is for [[New Jersey Route 440|Route 440]] in [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]]. [[Liberty State Park]] can be reached by taking exit 14B. Exit 14C is the final numbered exit, providing access to the [[Liberty Science Center]]. [[New Jersey Route 139|Route 139]] runs concurrently with I-78 along a [[one-way pair]] of surface streets as it approaches the [[Holland Tunnel]] and enters [[New York (state)|New York]] state. ===New York=== {{main|Interstate 78 in New York}} {{see also|Holland Tunnel}} [[File:Holland tunnel.jpg|thumb|I-78 leaving [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] and entering the [[Holland Tunnel]] to [[SoHo, Manhattan|SoHo]] and [[New York City]]]] I-78's length in [[New York (state)|New York]] is {{convert|0.5|mi|km}}—half of the Holland Tunnel and the egress-only [[roundabout]] immediately beyond the end of the tunnel. The route was planned to run east and north through New York City to end at [[Interstate 95|I-95]] in [[the Bronx]], but sections of the planned route, including the [[Lower Manhattan Expressway]], were canceled. In New York City, I-78 continues through the egress-only roundabout known as the Saint John's Rotary. The five separate exits from the Rotary are assigned numbers, exits 1 to 5, in counterclockwise order. Exit 5, the last eastbound exit, leads onto [[Canal Street (Manhattan)|Canal Street]]. Under original plans, I-78 was to cross [[Manhattan]] as the Lower Manhattan Expressway onto the [[Williamsburg Bridge]] and then beyond [[Interstate 278|I-278]] on [[Bushwick Expressway]] through [[Brooklyn]] into [[Queens]] near the [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]. A section of I-78 at the airport was built as the [[Nassau Expressway]], later [[Interstate 878|I-878]] and now [[New York State Route 878]] (NY 878), though most of the westbound side was never built. Under the plans, east of the airport, I-78 would have turned north on the [[Clearview Expressway]], built north of Hillside Avenue in Queens and now [[Interstate 295 (New York)|I-295]], run across the [[Throgs Neck Bridge]], and forked into two spurs, ending at I-95 via the [[Throgs Neck Expressway]], which is now [[Interstate 695 (New York)|I-695]] and the [[Bruckner Interchange]] via the [[Cross Bronx Expressway]], which is now part of I-295.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dot.state.ny.us/tech_serv/high/tvwebpag.html |title=NYSDOT - Traffic Count Information |access-date=December 27, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060428101322/http://www.dot.state.ny.us/tech_serv/high/tvwebpag.html |archive-date=April 28, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Junction list== [[File:2014-05-07 16 24 44 View of Lower Manhattan, Jersey City, New Jersey, and several highways-cropped.JPG|thumb|right|Aerial photo of I-78 in [[New Jersey]] and [[New York City]]]] ;Pennsylvania : {{jct|country=USA|I|81}} west-northwest of [[Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania|Jonestown]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|22}} east-northeast of [[Fredericksburg, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania|Fredericksburg]]. The highways travel concurrently to east-northeast of [[Fogelsville, Pennsylvania|Fogelsville]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|222}} west of [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]] : {{jct|state=PA|PA|33}} southwest of [[Easton, Pennsylvania|Easton]] ;New Jersey : {{jct|country=USA|US|22}} east-northeast of [[Alpha, New Jersey|Alpha]]. The highways travel concurrently to [[Annandale, New Jersey|Annandale]]. : {{jct|country=USA|I|287}} in [[Bedminster, New Jersey|Bedminster]] : {{jct|state=NJ|NJ|24}} in [[Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey|Springfield]] : {{jct|state=NJ|GSP}} in [[Union Township, Union County, New Jersey|Union Township]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|1|US|9|US|22}} in [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] : {{jct|state=NJ|I|95|NJTP}} in Newark ;New York : [[Canal Street (Manhattan)|Canal Street]] in [[Lower Manhattan]] <ref name=randmcnally>{{cite book |author = Rand McNally |year = 2014 |title = The Road Atlas |edition = Walmart |location = Chicago |publisher = Rand McNally |pages = 66, 72, 89|isbn = 978-0-528-00771-2}}</ref> ==Auxiliary routes== All of I-78's [[List of auxiliary Interstate Highways|auxiliary routes]] serve New York City; however, none of these routes actually intersect I-78, following the route's truncation at the eastern end of the [[Holland Tunnel]]. *{{jct|state=NY|I|278}} runs from [[U.S. Route 1/9|US 1/9]] in [[Linden, New Jersey]], over the [[Goethals Bridge]], through [[Staten Island]], over the [[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge]] and through [[Brooklyn]] and [[Queens]], and across the [[Robert F. Kennedy Bridge|Triborough Bridge]] into [[the Bronx]] to end at [[Interstate 95|I-95]] at the [[Bruckner Interchange]].<ref name="fhwa2"/> I-278 was planned to extend west from [[Elizabeth, New Jersey]], to I-78 in [[Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey]],<ref>{{cite map|publisher=New Jersey Department of Transportation|title=Union County Sheet 1|year=1967|url=http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/UNION_COUNTY/UnionCoHighway1967_1.gif|access-date=February 13, 2010}} * {{cite map|publisher=New Jersey Department of Transportation|title=Union County Sheet 2|year=1967|url=http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/UNION_COUNTY/UnionCoHighways1967_2.gif|access-date=February 13, 2010}}</ref> and was to intersect I-78 at the east end of the [[Williamsburg Bridge]] in Brooklyn.<ref name="RPA-ExpresswayPlans-1964"/> Until 1972, I-278 ran along present-[[New York State Route 895|NY 895]] and a proposed extension to I-95, while I-278 east of NY 895 was I-878.<ref name="chevron"/><ref name="esso"/> *{{jct|state=NY|I|478}} is an unsigned designation for the [[Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel]], a spur from I-278 into [[Lower Manhattan]].<ref name="fhwa2"/> Plans were made to continue it north along the [[West Side Highway]] ([[New York State Route 9A|NY 9A]]) to I-78 at the Holland Tunnel,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4A2AQAAMAAJ|title=West Side Hwy Project, New York: Environmental Impact Statement|publisher=[[New York State Department of Transportation]]; [[Federal Highway Administration]], [[United States Department of Transportation]]|year=1977|language=en|access-date=March 19, 2018}}</ref>{{Rp|10}} though the project was later canceled.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/07/nyregion/the-legacy-of-westway-lessons-from-its-demise.html|title=THE LEGACY OF WESTWAY: LESSONS FROM ITS DEMISE|last=Roberts|first=Sam|date=October 7, 1985|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 22, 2018|language=en}}</ref> *{{jct|state=NY|I|678}} runs from I-278 at the Bruckner Interchange south over the [[Bronx–Whitestone Bridge]] to [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]].<ref name="fhwa2"/> It was to intersect I-78 at its south end. Original plans took I-678 west on the [[Grand Central Parkway]] to I-278.<ref name="RPA-ExpresswayPlans-1964">{{cite journal |title = Expressway Plans |journal = Regional Plan News |date = May 1964 |issue = 73–74 |pages = 1–18 |url = https://archive.org/details/regionalplannews7374regi |access-date = February 27, 2017 |publisher = [[Regional Plan Association]] |via = [[Archive.org]] }}</ref><ref name="1960map">{{cite map |title = New Jersey and Metropolitan New York |author1 = Gulf Oil Company |author2 = Rand McNally and Company |year = 1960 |scale = 1:390,000 |location = Chicago |publisher = Gulf Oil Company |inset = Road map of metropolitan New York City|oclc=986509183}}</ref> *{{jct|state=NY|I|878}} is an unsigned designation for part of [[New York State Route 878|NY 878]], a short west–east freeway on the north edge of John F. Kennedy International Airport.<ref name="fhwa2">{{cite web |first=Kevin |last=Adderly |date=December 31, 2016 |title=Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2016 |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/interstate_highway_system/routefinder/table02.cfm |work=Route Log and Finder List |publisher=Federal Highway Administration |access-date = September 24, 2017 }}</ref> It was once planned as part of I-78 and now intersects I-678. The number was assigned in 1970.<ref name=log-1970>{{cite book |url=http://www.eastcoastroads.com/pdfs/state70.pdf |title=Description of Touring Routes in New York State for the Interstate (I), Federal (U.S.) and State (N.Y.) Route Number Systems |author=New York State Department of Transportation |author-link=New York State Department of Transportation |date=January 1, 1970 |access-date=March 26, 2009}}</ref> *A former [[Interstate 878 (1959)|I-878]] existed from 1959 to 1972 along present I-278 east of NY 895. (NY 895 was part of I-278.)<ref name="chevron">{{cite map |publisher = [[Chevron Oil Company]] |title = Map of Metropolitan New York |year = 1969 |cartography = [[H.M. Gousha]] }}</ref><ref name="esso">{{cite map |publisher = Esso |title = Map of New Jersey |year = 1970 |cartography = General Drafting }}</ref> In the [[Lehigh Valley]] region of eastern Pennsylvania, [[Pennsylvania Route 378|PA 378]], which exits in downtown [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]] was once I-378 but was predesignated as a state route after I-78 was rerouted to a new southerly alignment. [[Interstate 178|I-178]] was initially planned to extend in [[Center City Allentown]], but local opposition to the plan led to it being cancelled. {{Portal bar|New Jersey|New York (state)|New York City|Pennsylvania|U.S. Roads}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons}} {{AttachedKML|display=title,inline}} {{I-78 aux}} {{interstates}} {{Authority control}} <!-- {{coord|40|34|48|N|75|23|16|W|region:US-NJ_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} --> [[Category:Interstate 78| ]] [[Category:Interstate Highway System|78]]
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