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Interstate 85
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{{Short description|Interstate Highway across the southeastern US}} {{Redirect|I-85|the submarine|Japanese submarine I-185}} {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2017}} {{Use American English|date=August 2022}} {{Infobox road | country = USA | type = I | route = 85 | map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|type=line|from=Interstate 85.map}} | map_custom = yes | length_mi = 666.05 | length_ref = <ref name="fhwa">{{cite web |last=Starks |first=Edward |date=January 27, 2022 |title=Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/interstate_highway_system/routefinder/table01.cfm |access-date=August 17, 2022 |work=FHWA Route Log and Finder List |publisher=[[Federal Highway Administration]]}}</ref> | established = {{start date|1958|08|04}} | direction_a = South | terminus_a = {{Jct|country=USA|I|65|US|82}} in [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery, AL]] | junction = <!-- Major junctions only; Only 5-8 most major intersections and cities belong here; please read [[WP:USRD/STDS]] for more info --> *{{Jct|country=USA|I|75}} through [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] *{{Jct|country=USA|I|20}} in Atlanta, GA *{{Jct|country=USA|I|26}} near [[Spartanburg, South Carolina|Spartanburg, SC]] *{{Jct|country=USA|I|77|US|21}} in [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] *{{Jct|country=USA|I|74}} near [[Archdale, North Carolina|Archdale, NC]] *{{Jct|country=USA|I|73}} in [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] *{{Jct|country=USA|I|40}} from Greensboro, NC to [[Hillsborough, North Carolina|Hillsborough, NC]] | direction_b = North | terminus_b = {{Jct|country=USA|I|95|US|460}} in [[Petersburg, Virginia|Petersburg, VA]] | states = [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[South Carolina]], [[North Carolina]], [[Virginia]] }} '''Interstate 85''' ('''I-85''') is a major [[Interstate Highway]] in the [[Southeastern United States]]. Its southern terminus is at an interchange with [[Interstate 65|I-65]] in [[Montgomery, Alabama]]; its northern terminus is an interchange with [[Interstate 95|I-95]] in [[Petersburg, Virginia]], near [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]. It is nominally north–south as it carries an odd number, but it is physically oriented northeast–southwest and covers a larger east–west span than north–south. While most Interstates that end in a "5" are cross-country, I-85 is primarily a regional route serving five southeastern states: [[Virginia]], [[North Carolina]], [[South Carolina]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and [[Alabama]]. Major metropolitan areas served by I-85 include the [[Greater Richmond Region]] in Virginia, the [[Research Triangle]], [[Piedmont Triad]], and [[Charlotte metropolitan area]] regions of North Carolina, [[Upstate South Carolina]], the [[Atlanta metropolitan area]] in Georgia, and the [[Montgomery metropolitan area]] in Alabama. There are plans to extend I-85 along the [[U.S. Route 80|US Route 80]] (US 80) corridor into [[Mississippi]]. Because of its unusually diagonal nature, portions of I-85 are to the west of [[Interstate 75|I-75]], which puts I-85 out of the Interstate grid. ==Route description== {{lengths table|length_ref=<ref name=fhwa />}} |- |[[Interstate 85 in Alabama|AL]] |{{convert|80.00|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |[[Interstate 85 in Georgia|GA]] |{{convert|179.90|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |[[Interstate 85 in South Carolina|SC]] |{{convert|106.28|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |[[Interstate 85 in North Carolina|NC]] |{{convert|231.23|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |[[Interstate 85 in Virginia|VA]] |{{convert|68.64|mi|km|disp=table}} |- |Total |{{convert|666.05|mi|km|disp=table}} |} I-85 is a route that serves several major locations in the Southeastern United States, stretching from Alabama to Virginia serving major metropolitan areas such as [[Atlanta]] and [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]]. ===Alabama=== {{Main|Interstate 85 in Alabama}} <!-- keep it short and sweet --> [[File:I-85 North Exit 70 - CR 388 (32908261035).jpg|thumb|left|I-85 southwest of [[Cusseta, Alabama|Cusseta]]]] I-85 begins as a [[T intersection]] off [[Interstate 65|I-65]] in [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]]. From there, I-85 parallels [[U.S. Route 80|US 80]] until the highway nears [[Tuskegee, Alabama|Tuskegee]]. At Tuskegee, I-85 leaves US 80 and starts to parallel [[U.S. Route 29|US 29]], which the highway parallels for much of its length. I-85 also passes near [[Auburn, Alabama|Auburn]], [[Opelika, Alabama|Opelika]], [[Valley, Alabama|Valley]], and [[Lanett, Alabama|Lanett]] before crossing the [[Chattahoochee River]] into [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. I-85 is planned to be rerouted southward just east of Montgomery, where it will intersect with I-65 just south of downtown Montgomery and then have a future southern terminus at the concurrency of [[Interstate 20|I-20]]/[[Interstate 59|I-59]] just northeast of [[Cuba, Alabama|Cuba]]. Future [[Interstate 685 (Alabama)|I-685]] will be the new designation for the route of current I-85, which leads directly to I-65 in downtown Montgomery. === Georgia === <!-- keep short and sweet --> {{Main|Interstate 85 in Georgia}} [[File:Atlanta 75.85.jpg|thumb|right|I-75 cosigned with I-85 in Downtown Atlanta]] In Georgia, I-85 (unsigned State Route 403 [SR 403]) bypasses [[West Point, Georgia|West Point]] before coming into the [[LaGrange, Georgia|LaGrange]] area. East of LaGrange, I-85 intersects [[Interstate 185 (Georgia)|I-185]] which connects to [[Columbus, Georgia|Columbus]] and [[Fort Moore]]. In the Atlanta area, I-85 intersects [[Interstate 20|I-20]] and merges with [[Interstate 75|I-75]] ([[Downtown Connector]]) through the downtown area. North of Atlanta, [[Interstate 985|I-985]] provides a link to [[Gainesville, Georgia|Gainesville]] before I-85 continues through northeastern Georgia and then crosses into [[South Carolina]]. ===South Carolina=== <!-- keep short and sweet --> {{Main|Interstate 85 in South Carolina}} [[File:Junction of I-185 and I-85, Greenville, South Carolina (6120538540).jpg|thumb|I-85 southbound at interchange with I-185/US 29 in Greenville]] I-85 provides the major transportation route for [[the Upstate]] of [[South Carolina]], linking together the major centers of [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]] and [[Spartanburg]] with regional centers of importance. In Spartanburg, [[BMW]] has a major manufacturing plant that can be seen from the highway. In South Carolina, I-85 bypasses [[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson]] and [[Anderson, South Carolina|Anderson]] on the way to Greenville. Beginning at Anderson, I-85 widens from four to six lanes. Near [[Powdersville, South Carolina|Powdersville]], US 29 joins I-85 and they [[concurrency (road)|run concurrently]] until they cross the [[Saluda River]]. I-85 bypasses just south of Greenville but provides two links into the city via spur routes [[Interstate 185 (South Carolina)|I-185]] and [[Interstate 385|I-385]]. I-85 also has direct exits to [[Greenville–Spartanburg International Airport]], which serves the Greenville–Spartanburg metropolitan area. I-85 then bypasses the city of Spartanburg to the north. Its original route is now signed as [[Interstate 85 Business (Spartanburg, South Carolina)|I-85 Business]] (I-85 Bus) and was approved by the [[American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials]] (AASHTO) on April 22, 1995.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.interstate-guide.com/i-085.html |title = Interstate 85 |work = Interstate-Guide.com |access-date = May 27, 2007 |archive-date = May 14, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120514101249/http://www.interstate-guide.com/i-085.html |url-status = dead }}{{self-published source|date=March 2017}}</ref>{{self-published inline|certain=y|date=March 2017}} Near milemarker 70, I-85 intersects with I-26. The exits are signed as exits 70A for eastbound traffic and 70B for westbound traffic. North of Spartanburg, I-85 narrows from six lanes back to four lanes and bypasses [[Gaffney, South Carolina|Gaffney]]. Much of the terrain between Spartanburg and the North Carolina border is rural in nature but congested to the state line due to its location near Charlotte. ===North Carolina=== <!-- keep short and sweet --> {{Main|Interstate 85 in North Carolina}} [[File:I40i85NC.jpg|thumb|right|I-40/I-85 through Burlington]] In North Carolina, I-85 enters a relatively rural area near Kings Mountain before entering the Gastonia and Charlotte areas. In Charlotte, I-85 bypasses [[Charlotte Douglas International Airport]] and turns northeastward just before reaching [[Uptown Charlotte]]; thus, I-85 just bypasses uptown to the north where it junctions with [[Interstate 77|I-77]]. North of Charlotte, the highway passes near [[Concord, North Carolina|Concord]], [[Salisbury, North Carolina|Salisbury]], [[Lexington, North Carolina|Lexington]], and [[High Point, North Carolina|High Point]] before reaching [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]]. At Greensboro, I-85 shifts away from downtown I-85 Bus (old I-85 through town). I-85 then joins I-40 east of downtown, and the two highways are cosigned as they pass through [[Burlington, North Carolina|Burlington]], [[Graham, North Carolina|Graham]], and [[Mebane, North Carolina|Mebane]] then separate near [[Hillsborough, North Carolina|Hillsborough]] where [[Interstate 40|I-40]] turns toward [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]], [[Cary, North Carolina|Cary]], and [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]]. After the split with I-40, I-85 continues to [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]], before turning northeastward through [[Oxford, North Carolina|Oxford]] then [[Henderson, North Carolina|Henderson]] toward [[Virginia]]. ===Virginia=== <!-- keep short and sweet --> {{Main|Interstate 85 in Virginia}} [[File:I-95 exit 51.jpg|thumb|left|I-85's terminus at I-95 near Petersburg]] Starting from the Virginia border, the route passes [[South Hill, Virginia|South Hill]] and [[McKenney, Virginia|McKenney]] before heading into a large forest. After the forest, I-85 reaches Petersburg and ends at [[Interstate 95 in Virginia|I-95]]. The highway is briefly cosigned with [[U.S. Route 460|US 460]] from a few miles west of Petersburg in [[Dinwiddie County, Virginia|Dinwiddie County]] to I-95. I-85 follows the same general path as [[U.S. Route 1|US 1]] (Boydton Plank Road and [[Jefferson Davis Highway]]), as the two cross several times between the North Carolina border and the northern terminus outside Petersburg. {{clear}} ==History== {{See also|Interstate 85 bridge collapse}} In the northern half of I-85, the route roughly parallels an ancient Indian trading path documented since colonial times from Petersburg, Virginia, to the [[Catawba people|Catawba]] Indian territory. I-85 near Petersburg once formed the southern end of the [[Richmond–Petersburg Turnpike]], which was completed in 1958. The tolls were removed in 1992 after [[Interstate 295 (Virginia)|I-295]] was completed.<ref>{{cite web |last = Kozel |first = Scott |url = http://www.roadstothefuture.com/RPT_I295.html |title = Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike (I-95/I-85) and I-285 |work = Roads of the Future |access-date = May 27, 2007 }}{{self-published source|date=March 2017}}</ref>{{self-published inline|certain=y|date=March 2017}} Before a 2010 decision to raise the speed limit in the state to {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, Virginia's portion of I-85 was also the only Interstate Highway in the state with a posted [[speed limit]] greater than {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. It was raised from {{convert|65|to|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} on July 1, 2006, by the state legislature. In 2004, I-85 was rerouted around Greensboro; and it split with I-40 {{convert|8|mi|km|spell=in}} east of the original departure point. I-40 ran with I-85 along the bypass to the southern/western end and I-40 continued on a new freeway alignment at exit 121 until September 2008, when it was rerouted back to its old alignment through the city. Despite its reroute around Greensboro, the overall length for I-85 in North Carolina remains the same as before. On the evening of March 30, 2017 a massive fire [[Interstate 85 bridge collapse|collapsed a bridge]] on I-85 in Atlanta. As a result, I-85 was closed to traffic for approximately {{convert|2|mi|km|spell=in}} between its split with I-75 and the interchange with [[Georgia State Route 400|SR 400]]. ==Future== {{Update|section|date=December 2023}} {{See also|U.S. Route 80 in Alabama}} An extension of I-85 has been proposed west from [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]] to intersect [[Interstate 20|I-20]]/[[Interstate 59|I-59]] just east of the [[Mississippi]]–[[Alabama]] state line,<ref>{{cite web |author-link = Volkert, Inc. |author = Volkert and Associates |url = http://www.i85extension.com/ |title = I-85 Extension Corridor Study & EUIS |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081219165056/http://www.i85extension.com/ |archive-date = December 19, 2008 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> where it will connect with I-20/I-59 near [[Cuba, Alabama]]. This extension will roughly follow the route of [[U.S. Route 80|US 80]], going through or bypassing [[Selma, Alabama|Selma]] and [[Demopolis, Alabama|Demopolis]].<ref>{{cite news |last = Dinnen |first = Jerry |url = http://www.demopolistimes.com/articles/2005/01/18/news/news02.txt |title = Shelby shares views with Hale, Greene counties |work = The Demopolis Times |date = January 17, 2005 }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The [[Federal Highway Administration]] (FHWA) approved the alignment on February 17, 2011, after [[American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials|AASHTO]] approved at its Fall 2010 meeting in [[Biloxi, Mississippi]]. Also approved was the proposal to redesignate part of existing I-85 south and east of Montgomery to be bypassed as part of the extension of I-85 as [[Interstate 685 (Alabama)|I-685]]. Alabama has permission to cosign this part of I-85 as I-685 until the new alignment is built.<ref>FHWA letter downloaded from http://cms.transportation.org/sites/route/docs/Alabama%20Interstate%20FHWA%20Decision%20Letter.pdf April 14, 2011{{dead link|date=March 2017}}</ref> This section is also envisioned by some as part of a proposed [[Interstate 14|I-14]]. If this extension were to be completed, I-85 and I-20 would meet each other twice. There are plans for I-85 from [[Anderson County, South Carolina|Anderson County]] to [[Spartanburg County, South Carolina]], to become four to five lanes in each direction including [[high-occupancy vehicle lane]]s (HOV lanes). There are also plans in Georgia for I-85 to have three lanes in each direction from the state line in [[Hart County, Georgia|Hart County]] to meet up with the newly expanded portions just outside of the Atlanta metropolitan area in [[Jackson County, Georgia|Jackson County]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://majormobilityga.com/projects/i85widening/ |title=I-85 Widening, Phase I | MMIP |date=June 17, 2019 }}</ref> ==Major junctions== ;Alabama : {{jct|country=USA|I|65|US|82}} in [[Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|80|US|231}} in Montgomery. I-85/US 80 travels concurrently to [[Waugh, Alabama|Waugh]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|80}} in Waugh : {{jct|country=USA|US|29}} in [[Auburn, Alabama|Auburn]]. The highway travels concurrently to [[Opelika, Alabama|Opelika]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|280}} in Opelika. The highway travels concurrently through Opelika. : {{jct|country=USA|US|280|US|431}} in Opelika : {{jct|country=USA|US|29}} in Opelika : {{jct|country=USA|US|29}} in [[Valley, Alabama|Valley]] ;Georgia : {{jct|country=USA|US|27}} in [[LaGrange, Georgia|LaGrange]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|185|dab1=Georgia}} near LaGrange : {{jct|country=USA|US|29}} in [[Grantville, Georgia|Grantville]] : {{jct|country=USA|US-Alt|27|US|29|dab1=Georgia}} in [[Newnan, Georgia|Newnan]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|285|dab1=Georgia}} near [[College Park, Georgia|College Park]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|19|US|41}} in [[Atlanta]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|75}} in Atlanta. The highway travels concurrently through Atlanta. : {{jct|country=USA|I|20}} in Atlanta : {{jct|country=USA|US|29|US|78|US|278}} in Atlanta : {{jct|country=USA|US|23}} near Atlanta : {{jct|country=USA|I|285|dab1=Georgia}} near [[Doraville, Georgia|Doraville]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|985}} near [[Buford, Georgia|Buford]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|129}} near [[Jefferson, Georgia|Jefferson]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|441}} near [[Commerce, Georgia|Commerce]] ;South Carolina : {{jct|country=USA|US|76}} north of [[Anderson, South Carolina|Anderson]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|178}} north of Anderson : {{jct|country=USA|US|29}} northeast of Anderson. The highway travels concurrently to I-185. : {{jct|country=USA|I|185|US|29|dab1=South Carolina}} near [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|25}} in Greenville : {{jct|country=USA|US|276}} in Greenville : {{jct|country=USA|I|385}} in Greenville : {{jct|country=USA|US|29}} near [[Greer, South Carolina|Greer]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|26}} near [[Spartanburg, South Carolina|Spartanburg]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|176}} near Spartanburg : {{jct|country=USA|US|221}} near [[Cherokee Springs, South Carolina|Cherokee Springs]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|29}} near [[Grover, North Carolina]] ;North Carolina : {{jct|country=USA|US|29}} near [[Kings Mountain, North Carolina|Kings Mountain]]. The highway travels concurrently to US 74. : {{jct|country=USA|US|29|US|74}} in Kings Mountain : {{jct|country=USA|US|321}} in [[Gastonia, North Carolina|Gastonia]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|485}} in [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]] : {{jct|country=USA|I|77|US|21}} in Charlotte : {{jct|country=USA|I|485}} in Charlotte : {{jct|country=USA|US|29|US|601}} in [[Concord, North Carolina|Concord]]. I-85/US 601 travels concurrently to [[Salisbury, North Carolina|Salisbury]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|601}} in Salisbury : {{jct|country=USA|US|52}} in Salisbury. The highway travels concurrently to I-285. : {{jct|country=USA|US|29|US|70}} near [[Spencer, North Carolina|Spencer]]. The highway travels concurrently to I-285. : {{jct|country=USA|I|285|US|29|US|52|US|70|dab1=North Carolina}} in [[Lexington, North Carolina|Lexington]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|64}} southeast of Lexington : {{jct|country=USA|I|74}} near [[Archdale, North Carolina|Archdale]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|29}} in [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]]. The highway travels concurrently to I-73/US 421. : {{jct|country=USA|I|73|US|29|US|421}} in Greensboro. I-73/I-85/US 421 travels concurrently through Greensboro. : {{jct|country=USA|I|73|US|220}} in Greensboro : {{jct|country=USA|US|421}} in Greensboro : {{jct|country=USA|I|40|I|785|I|840|dab3=North Carolina}} in Greensboro. I-40/I-85 travels concurrently until reaching [[Hillsborough, North Carolina|Hillsborough]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|70}} in [[Eno, North Carolina|Eno]]. The highway travels concurrently to [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]]. : {{jct|country=USA|US|15|US|501}} in Durham. I-85/US 15 travels concurrently to near [[Butner, North Carolina|Butner]]. I-85/US 501 travels concurrently through Durham. : {{jct|country=USA|US|501}} in Durham : {{jct|country=USA|I|885|US|70}} in Durham : {{jct|country=USA|US|15}} near Butner : {{jct|country=USA|US|15}} near [[Oxford, North Carolina|Oxford]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|158}} in Oxford : {{jct|country=USA|US|158}} in [[Henderson, North Carolina|Henderson]]. The highway travels concurrently through Henderson. : {{jct|country=USA|US|1}} in Henderson : {{jct|country=USA|US|1|US|158}} in [[Middleburg, North Carolina|Middleburg]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|1|US|401}} northeast of [[Manson, North Carolina|Manson]] ;Virginia : {{jct|country=USA|US|58}} near [[South Hill, Virginia|South Hill]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|1}} in South Hill : {{jct|country=USA|US|1}} near [[Sturgeonville, Virginia|Sturgeonville]] : {{jct|country=USA|US|460}} near [[Petersburg, Virginia|Petersburg]]. The highways travel concurrently to I-95. : {{jct|country=USA|US|1}} near Petersburg : {{jct|country=USA|I|95|US|460}} in Petersburg <ref name=randmcnally>{{cite book |author = Rand McNally |year = 2014 |title = The Road Atlas |edition = Walmart |location = Chicago |publisher = Rand McNally |pages = 4, 28, 74–75, 92, 107|isbn = 978-0-528-00771-2}}</ref> ==Related routes== {{I-85 aux}} *[[Interstate 85 Business (North Carolina)|I-85 Bus]] in [[Lexington, North Carolina|Lexington]] and [[High Point, North Carolina|High Point]], North Carolina. *[[Interstate 85 Business (South Carolina)|I-85 Bus]] in [[Spartanburg, South Carolina]]. *[[Interstate 185 (Georgia)|I-185]] to [[Columbus, Georgia]]. *[[Interstate 185 (South Carolina)|I-185]] in [[Greenville, South Carolina]]. *[[Interstate 285 (Georgia)|I-285]] in [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]]. *[[Interstate 285 (North Carolina)|I-285]] to [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]]. *[[Interstate 385|I-385]] in [[Greenville, South Carolina]]. *[[Interstate 485|I-485]] in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]]. *[[Interstate 585|I-585]] to [[Spartanburg, South Carolina]]. *[[Interstate 785|I-785]] in [[Greensboro, North Carolina]]. *[[Interstate 885|I-885]] in [[Durham, North Carolina]]. *[[Interstate 985|I-985]] to [[Gainesville, Georgia]]. ==See also== {{Portal|U.S. Roads}} * [[Death Valley (North Carolina)]] * [[I-85 Rivalry]] *[[Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion]] the megalopolis that largely follows I-85 *[[Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor]] *[[Charlanta]] {{Clear}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Interstate 85}} {{Attached KML|display=title,inline}} * {{osmrelation-inline}} {{interstates}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Interstate 85|Interstate 85]] [[Category:Interstate Highway System|85]] [[Category:U.S. Route 1|085]]
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