Editing Interstate 97

{{Short description|Short Interstate Highway in Maryland}}
{{about|the interstate|the state highway with the same number|Maryland Route 97}}
{{good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox road
| route = 97
| state = MD
| type = I
| map = {{MapframeForObjects|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|frame-height=290|type=line|raw={{Wikipedia:Map data/Wikipedia KML/Interstate 97}}}}
| map_custom = yes
| map_notes = I-97 highlighted in red
| length_mi = 17.62
| length_ref = <ref>{{cite web |last=Starks |first=Edward |date=January 27, 2022 |title=Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/interstate_highway_system/routefinder/table01.cfm |access-date=January 20, 2023 |work=FHWA Route Log and Finder List |publisher=[[Federal Highway Administration]]}}</ref><ref name="Maryland HLR"/>
| established = 1987<ref name="Milestones"/>
| direction_a = South
| terminus_a = {{Jct|state=MD|US|50|US|301}} in [[Parole, Maryland|Parole]]
| junction = {{plainlist|
*{{Jct|state=MD|MD|3|MD|32}} in [[Millersville, Maryland|Millersville]]
*{{Jct|state=MD|MD|100}} in [[Glen Burnie, Maryland|Glen Burnie]]
}}
| direction_b = North
| terminus_b = {{Jct|state=MD|I|695}} / [[I-895A]] in [[Brooklyn Park, Maryland|Brooklyn Park]]
| counties = [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland|Anne Arundel]]
| previous_type = I
| previous_route = 95
| next_type = MD
| next_route = 97
}}
'''Interstate&nbsp;97''' ('''I-97''') is a north-south [[Interstate Highway System|Interstate Highway]] in the [[eastern United States]]. It runs entirely within [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland]], for {{convert|17.62|mi|km}} from [[U.S. Route 50 in Maryland|U.S. Route&nbsp;50]]/[[U.S. Route 301 in Maryland|U.S. Route&nbsp;301]] (US&nbsp;50/US&nbsp;301) in [[Parole, Maryland|Parole]] near [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis]] north to [[Interstate 695 (Maryland)|I-695]] and [[I-895B]] in [[Brooklyn Park, Maryland|Brooklyn Park]] near [[Baltimore]]. The interstate is the primary highway between Baltimore and Annapolis. I‑97 connects Annapolis with [[Baltimore/Washington International Airport]] and links the northern Anne Arundel County communities of [[Crownsville, Maryland|Crownsville]], [[Millersville, Maryland|Millersville]], [[Severna Park, Maryland|Severna Park]], [[Glen Burnie, Maryland|Glen Burnie]], and [[Ferndale, Maryland|Ferndale]]. It is currently the second shortest [[List of Interstate Highways|primary Interstate Highway]] in the country after the unfinished [[Interstate 87 (North Carolina)|I-87]] in [[North Carolina]].

I-97 was constructed along the corridor of [[Maryland Route&nbsp;3]] (MD&nbsp;3) between Millersville and Ferndale and [[Maryland Route 178|MD&nbsp;178]] between Parole and Millersville. From Millersville to south of Glen Burnie, the interstate closely follows the former course of MD&nbsp;3, which was built in the late 1910s and early 1920s and expanded to a divided highway in the late 1950s. North of there, the highway follows the Glen Burnie Bypass, a freeway built in the mid-1950s. The segment of I-97 from Millersville to Crownsville originated as a two-lane portion of [[Maryland Route 32|MD&nbsp;32]] in the early 1970s. The interstate was introduced in 1979 after the state of Maryland successfully obtained interstate mileage for a Baltimore–Annapolis freeway from the federal government. The state decided to build the highway along I-97's current corridor rather than along the [[Maryland Route 2|MD&nbsp;2]] corridor, which has partial freeway access via [[Maryland Route 10|MD&nbsp;10]].

Construction on I-97 began in the late 1980s with new construction from US&nbsp;50/US&nbsp;301 to Crownsville. The Crownsville–Millersville segment of MD&nbsp;32 was expanded and incorporated into the interstate and the MD&nbsp;3–MD&nbsp;32 junction was upgraded. The portion of the MD&nbsp;3 corridor from Millersville to south of Glen Burnie was upgraded on the spot to [[Interstate Highway standards|interstate highway standards]] in the early 1990s, after which MD&nbsp;3 was truncated at Millersville. I-97's interchange with I-695 was rebuilt in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The Glen Burnie Bypass was upgraded and expanded to six lanes in the mid-1990s. The complex process included reconstruction of several interchanges; the last interchange to be reconstructed was upgraded in the mid-2000s.

==Route description==
[[File:2016-08-12 14 33 28 View north along Interstate 97 (Patuxent Freeway) just south of Farm Road in Crownsville, Anne Arundel County, Maryland.jpg|thumb|left|View north along I-97 in Crownsville between US&nbsp;50/US&nbsp;301 and MD&nbsp;178]]
I-97 begins at US&nbsp;50/US&nbsp;301 (John Hanson Highway), which [[concurrency (road)|run concurrently]] with [[unsigned highway|unsigned]] [[Interstate 595 (Maryland)|I-595]], on the edge of the community of Parole west of Annapolis. The freeways meet at a [[semi-directional T interchange]]; the ramp from I-97 to eastbound US&nbsp;50/northbound US&nbsp;301 merges with a [[collector–distributor road]] that extends east to that freeway's interchange with [[Maryland Route 665|MD&nbsp;665]] (Aris T. Allen Boulevard). I-97 heads northwest as a four-lane freeway. The freeway crosses over [[Maryland Route 450|MD&nbsp;450]] (Defense Highway) and passes along the south and west sides of Crownsville, where it crosses several tributaries of the Bacon Ridge Branch of the [[South River (Maryland)|South River]]. North of Crownsville, I-97 has a partial interchange that comprises a pair of long ramps to MD&nbsp;178 (Generals Highway); the interchange allows access from southbound I-97 to MD&nbsp;178 and from the state highway to the northbound Interstate. I-97 gains an extra lane in each direction from the MD&nbsp;178 ramps; those extra lanes split off at the freeway's partial interchange with the eastern end of MD&nbsp;32 just north of Millersville. The Interstate curves northeast and has a complementary partial interchange with the northern end of MD&nbsp;3 (Robert Crain Highway). The two state highways meet each other at a six-ramp [[partial cloverleaf interchange]] immediately to the west of I-97's sweeping curve, which facilitates all movements between the three highways.<ref name="Maryland HLR"/><ref name="Maryland Grid Map"/>

[[File:2019-07-25 09 59 38 View south along Interstate 97 from the overpass for northbound Maryland State Route 3 (Robert Crain Highway) in Millersville, Anne Arundel County, Maryland.jpg|thumb|right|I-97 southbound past MD&nbsp;3 in Millersville]]
I-97 continues north as a six-lane freeway and is closely paralleled on the east by Veterans Highway on the western edge of Severna Park. The highways cross the [[Severn River (Maryland)|Severn River]] within Severn Run Natural Environment Area before they diverge slightly at the Interstate's partial cloverleaf interchange with Benfield Boulevard; access from northbound I-97 to the crossroad is via Veterans Highway. I-97 and Veterans Highway continue to parallel each other to the latter highway's northern end at I-97's partial cloverleaf interchange with the southern end of [[Maryland Route 3 Business|MD&nbsp;3 Business]] (MD&nbsp;3 Bus.; Robert Crain Highway) and New Cut Road. The interchange includes a flyover ramp from northbound I-97 to northbound Veterans Highway just south of its intersection with MD&nbsp;3 Bus. The freeway continues north along the west side of Glen Burnie and meets [[Maryland Route 174|MD&nbsp;174]] (Quarterfield Road) at a four-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange and [[Maryland Route 100|MD&nbsp;100]] at a [[combination interchange]] that has flyover exit ramps from both directions of I-97.<ref name="Maryland HLR"/><ref name="Maryland Grid Map"/>

I-97 temporarily gains two extra lanes in each direction between MD&nbsp;100 and its partial cloverleaf interchange with [[Maryland Route 176|MD&nbsp;176]] (Dorsey Road). Access from the southbound Interstate to MD&nbsp;176 is via [[Maryland Route 162|MD&nbsp;162]] (Aviation Boulevard), which forms part of the [[Airport Loop]] surrounding Baltimore/Washington International Airport. I-97 continues through Ferndale, where it crosses over the Glen Burnie branch of the [[Maryland Transit Administration]] (MTA)'s [[Baltimore Light RailLink]] immediately before the highway's four-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange with [[Maryland Route 648|MD&nbsp;648]] (Baltimore–Annapolis Boulevard), which provides access to the transit line's terminal station, [[Glen Burnie station]]. I-97's final interchange is with I-695 (Baltimore Beltway). The Interstate crosses the Cabin Branch of [[Curtis Creek]] within the interchange, which includes a flyover ramp from I-97 to westbound I-695; that ramp and the one from eastbound I-695 to I-97 merge on the inside of the two carriageways of the beltway. The Interstate drops to four lanes and reaches its northern terminus just north of the loop ramp from westbound I-695 to I-97 in Brooklyn Park. The highway continues north as [[I-895A]], a pair of ramps that merge with [[I-895B]], the spur from I-895 (Harbor Tunnel Thruway) to MD&nbsp;2 (Governor Ritchie Highway). The continuation from I-97 includes a ramp to westbound I-695 that allows access to the beltway's interchange with MD&nbsp;648.<ref name="Maryland HLR"/><ref name="Maryland Grid Map"/>

I-97 does not have an official name.<ref name="Maryland HLR"/> However, the Interstate is dedicated to [[John A. Cade]], who served the area around Severna Park in the [[Maryland Senate]] from 1974 to his 1996 death and who worked to secure funding for the highway. The [[Maryland General Assembly]] passed a dedication bill in 1998, and the [[Maryland State Highway Administration]] (MDSHA) installed a pair of signs noting the dedication in Millersville and near Parole.<ref name="Baltimore Sun Cade Dedication"/> Like all Interstate Highways, I-97 is a part of the [[National Highway System (United States)|National Highway System]] for its entire length.<ref name="National Highway System"/> I-97 is the shortest completed two-digit mainline Interstate ([[Interstate 87 (North Carolina)|I-87 in North Carolina]] is shorter, but is still under construction) and officially the only intracounty two-digit Interstate in the [[contiguous US]] ([[Interstate 11]] is also currently intracounty, but intended to extend much further when finished.)<ref name="FHWA Interstate System Part VII"/>

==History==
===Predecessor highways===
The first modern highway along the path of what is now I-97 followed the corridor from New Cut Road to south of the intersection of MD&nbsp;178 and Veterans Highway at Dorrs Corner. This highway was intended as a second route from Glen Burnie to Annapolis to complement the highway along the east side of the Severn River; this western route later became known as General's Highway, a name still applied to its MD&nbsp;178 portion.<ref name="1919 src report"/><ref name="1934 src report"/> Construction of this highway was underway by 1919.<ref name="1919 src report"/> The new highway was completed as a gravel road from New Cut Road to north of Benfield and as a concrete road through Benfield and across Severn Run to near Dorrs Corner by 1921.<ref name="1921 map"/> In 1922, this highway was designated part of Robert Crain Highway, a new highway to connect the Baltimore area with Southern Maryland.<ref name="1926 src report"/> The Glen Burnie–Dorrs Corner portion of the new highway was reconstructed and completed as a concrete road from Glen Burnie south through Millersville by 1923.<ref name="1923 map"/> Robert Crain Highway became part of MD&nbsp;3 in 1927 and then US&nbsp;301 in 1939 when the US Route was extended from Virginia to Baltimore.<ref name="1927 map"/><ref name="1939 map"/> MD&nbsp;3 was reconstructed in 1933 and 1934.<ref name="1934 src report"/> The reconstruction eliminated several dangerous curves, particularly near the Severn River, and expanded the highway from a width of {{convert|15|to|20|ft|m}}.<ref name="1934 src report"/> Veterans Highway follows much of that early 1930s course.<ref name="USGS Odenton 1946"/>

[[File:2019-07-25 11 21 28 View south along Interstate 97 (Glen Burnie Bypass) from the overpass for Wellham Avenue in Ferndale, Anne Arundel County, Maryland.jpg|thumb|left|View south along I-97 from Wellham Avenue in Ferndale]]
The next portion of I-97 predecessor highway was built as the four-lane Glen Burnie Bypass from Robert Crain Highway and New Cut Road north to the Baltimore Beltway. Construction on the four-lane freeway began in August 1954 with construction of several bridges over or for the highway; these bridges were completed in 1955 and 1956.<ref name="logbook 1p8"/> The dual roadways and interchange ramps from the southern end of the bypass to MD&nbsp;648 were constructed starting in March 1955; the concrete-surfaced highway was completed in February 1957. The northernmost portion of the bypass, including the adjacent portion of the Baltimore Beltway, was constructed between December 1955 and September 1957.<ref name="logbook 1p9"/> US&nbsp;301 was moved onto the bypass and the adjacent portion of the Beltway when the projects were completed in 1957.<ref name="1957 map"/> The small portion of I-97 north of the Beltway was added to the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel project as a direct connection between the Glen Burnie Bypass and the Harbor Tunnel Thruway's southern approach from MD&nbsp;2 in 1955.<ref name="1956 src report"/> This segment was completed and opened with the tunnel and its approach highways in November 1957.<ref name="1958 src report"/> The Glen Burnie Bypass was constructed with five interchanges: a partial cloverleaf interchange at MD&nbsp;3 Bus. and New Cut Road; a tighter four-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange at MD&nbsp;174; a diamond interchange at MD&nbsp;176; the current four-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange at MD&nbsp;648; and a half-cloverleaf interchange at I-695 allowing full access between the Glen Burnie Bypass and beltway but no access between the beltway and the Harbor Tunnel Thruway.<ref name="USGS Relay 1960"/>

US&nbsp;301 was expanded to a divided highway from the southern end of the Glen Burnie Bypass to Benfield in 1956 and 1957. The highway's second set of lanes, including a new bridge across the Severn River, was constructed and the existing roadway was reconstructed from Benfield to Millersville between 1957 and 1960.<ref name="logbook 1p9"/> The second set of lanes was built on the west side of what became a very wide median, which allowed businesses to site themselves in the median between the northbound and southbound lanes.<ref name="USGS Odenton 1965"/> During construction of the Benfield–Millersville stretch, US&nbsp;301 was relocated to its present course from [[Bowie, Maryland|Bowie]] to the [[Eastern Shore of Maryland|Eastern Shore]] and replaced with MD&nbsp;3.<ref name="1959 map"/> A pair of ramps between the Glen Burnie Bypass and MD&nbsp;177's freeway southern bypass of Glen Burnie (now MD&nbsp;100) were constructed between 1963 and 1965.<ref name="logbook 1p9"/> The first section of highway south of Dorrs Corner was built between 1969 and 1972 as a two-lane segment of MD&nbsp;32 from east of Odenton to MD&nbsp;178 in Crownsville.<ref name="logbook 1p9"/><ref name="1972 map"/> The highway used what are now the ramps of I-97's partial interchange with MD&nbsp;178 and had a five-ramp interchange with MD&nbsp;3 in Millersville that lacked access from northbound MD&nbsp;3 to eastbound MD&nbsp;32 and from westbound MD&nbsp;32 to southbound MD&nbsp;3.<ref name="USGS Odenton 1980"/>

===Interstate designation and construction===
[[File:2019-05-21 11 48 12 View north along Interstate 97 (Glen Burnie Bypass) at Exit 14 (Maryland State Route 100, Ellicott City, Gibson Island) on the edge of Severn and Glen Burnie in Anne Arundel County, Maryland.jpg|thumb|right|I-97 northbound at the MD&nbsp;100 interchange in Glen Burnie]]
Despite the existence or upcoming construction of two divided highway corridors between Baltimore and Annapolis, a freeway connecting I-695 and US&nbsp;50 was proposed as early as 1956 in the form of the Arundel Expressway, which would relieve congestion on MD&nbsp;2.<ref name="Baltimore Sun Route 10"/> The portion of the Arundel Expressway that is today MD&nbsp;10 was constructed from I-695 to MD&nbsp;648 in Pasadena between 1970 and 1978.<ref name="Milestones"/> MD&nbsp;10 was proposed to continue south of Pasadena as a toll road to US&nbsp;50, but the section of the freeway south of MD&nbsp;100 was removed from state plans by 1975.<ref name="Baltimore Sun Photo"/><ref name="1975 map"/> MD&nbsp;10 was completed to its present end in Pasadena in 1991.<ref name="Baltimore Sun Route 10"/> The state of Maryland unsuccessfully petitioned the [[Federal Highway Administration]] for an Interstate designation for a Baltimore–Annapolis freeway after passage of the [[Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968]]. However, the state was successful in obtaining Interstate mileage for the Baltimore–Annapolis corridor through the 1968 Howard–Cramer amendment, which provided for minor adjustments to the Interstate System if no additional costs were incurred.<ref name="FHWA Interstate System Part I"/> Much of the mileage of what became I-97 was reallocated from canceled Interstate Highways in Baltimore and the [[Washington, D.C.]] area.<ref name="FHWA Interstate System Part V"/>

With Interstate funding assured, MDSHA commissioned the Baltimore–Annapolis Transportation Corridor Study in 1973 to figure out, among other things, the best route for the Baltimore–Annapolis Interstate.<ref name="Baltimore Sun Dorsey"/> The study discovered a western route following the MD&nbsp;3 and MD&nbsp;178 corridors would be less disruptive and require fewer acquisitions of homes and businesses compared to an extension of the Arundel Expressway south along the MD&nbsp;2 corridor.<ref name="BATCS"/> In June 1979, MDSHA announced plans for I-97.<ref name="Milestones"/> The original route numbering plan, which was approved by the [[American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials]] (AASHTO) at its November 1975 meeting, was for I-97 to include its current route plus US&nbsp;50 from Parole west to I-95 (Capital Beltway). That proposal included two auxiliary Interstate highways. I-197 would follow US&nbsp;50/US&nbsp;301 east from I-97 to just west of the Severn River.<ref name="AASHTO November 1975"/> I-297 would follow MD&nbsp;3 between a pair of intersections with I-97 in Millersville and Bowie.<ref name="FHWA Interstate System Part V"/><ref name="AASHTO November 1975"/> AASHTO rescinded its approval of the 1975 plan at its June 1981 meeting, then approved what was essentially the original 1975 plan at its June 1982 meeting.<ref name="AASHTO June 1981"/><ref name="AASHTO June 1982"/> The east–west segment of I-97 and I-197 was replaced by I-68.<ref name="AASHTO June 1982"/> I-297 was withdrawn by request of the state of Maryland in 1983.<ref name="FHWA Interstate System Part V"/> The 1982 concept of I-68 became unsigned I-595 and I-68 was applied to the [[National Freeway]] in [[Western Maryland]] in 1991 after AASHTO approved the new designations at its June 1989 meeting.<ref name="FHWA Interstate System Part V"/><ref name="AASHTO June 1989"/>

The first portion of I-97 proper to be constructed was the section south of Millersville, which was placed under construction in three sections in March 1985.<ref name="logbook 3p13"/><ref name="Baltimore Sun Cade Dedication"/> The first section of the highway, from US&nbsp;50/US&nbsp;301 to Millersville Road west of the MD&nbsp;178 interchange, opened in December 1987.<ref name="Milestones"/> Construction of I-97 from Millersville Road to the intersection of MD&nbsp;3 and MD&nbsp;178 at Dorrs Corner started in July 1987.<ref name="logbook 3p13"/> The Interstate through Millersville opened in April 1989.<ref name="Milestones"/> The interchange at I-97's southern terminus was originally constructed as a partial interchange, with I-97 tying into what are now the [[collector–distributor lanes]] of US&nbsp;50 and US&nbsp;301.<ref name="1989 map"/><ref name="USGS South River 1993"/> The ramps from eastbound US&nbsp;50/US&nbsp;301 to I-97 and from I-97 to the westbound US Routes were added during the reconstruction of US&nbsp;50/US&nbsp;301 in 1992 and 1993.<ref name="logbook 3p15"/><ref name="1993 map"/>

===Reconstruction of existing highway===
Reconstruction of the MD&nbsp;3 divided highway and the Glen Burnie Bypass was a complex operation that involved many temporary openings, lane shifts, construction of new roadways, and reconstruction of existing roadways over several phases over several years.<ref name="Milestones"/> The first improvement was the reconstruction of the I-695 interchange between 1987 and 1991.<ref name="logbook 3p13"/><ref name="1991 map"/> The modern ramps from I-97 to westbound I-695 and from eastbound I-695 to I-97 were built, eastbound I-695's ramp over these two ramps was constructed, and the loop ramp from I-97 to westbound I-695 was removed.<ref name="1991 map"/> I-97 from its interchange with MD&nbsp;648 to the new beltway ramps was reconstructed to [[Interstate Highway standards]] and expanded to six lanes between May 1993 and August 1995.<ref name="logbook 3p15"/><ref name="Baltimore Sun 16 to 17 Widening Start"/><ref name="Baltimore Sun 16 to 17 Widening Finish"/> Part of the functionality of the loop ramp to westbound I-695 was restored in October 1995 when another ramp from the Harbor Tunnel Thruway approach to westbound I-695 was added to allow access from I-97 to MD&nbsp;648.<ref name="Baltimore Sun MD 648"/>

[[File:2016-08-12 14 48 04 View north along Interstate 97 (Robert Crain Highway) just north of Exit 10 in Severna Park, Anne Arundel County, Maryland.jpg|thumb|left|I-97 northbound in Severna Park]]
Reconstruction of the MD&nbsp;3 divided highway from Millersville to MD&nbsp;3 Bus. began in 1987 over two sections. The first section, from north of MD&nbsp;3 Bus. to north of Benfield Boulevard, began in 1987.<ref name="logbook 3p13"/> The work included the construction of the flyover ramp from northbound I-97 to Veterans Highway just south of MD&nbsp;3 Bus.<ref name="1989 map"/><ref name="1991 map"/> The section from north of Benfield Boulevard to MD&nbsp;178 at Dorrs Corner was reconstructed starting in 1989.<ref name="logbook 3p13"/> The second section included construction of the Benfield Boulevard interchange.<ref name="1989 map"/><ref name="1991 map"/> The southbound MD&nbsp;3 roadway was rebuilt in place as the southbound lanes of I-97. New northbound lanes were built immediately to the east of the southbound lanes.<ref name="1989 map"/><ref name="1991 map"/> In February 1991, the new northbound lanes opened and access from I-97 to Veterans Highway was removed at Dorrs Corner.<ref name="Baltimore Sun 7 to 12 Reconstruction"/> The old northbound lanes were reconstructed and repurposed as a two-lane road, Veterans Highway, later that year.<ref name="1991 map"/><ref name="Baltimore Sun 7 to 12 Reconstruction"/> Anne Arundel County agreed to accept Veterans Highway for maintenance after the I-97–related construction concluded in a road transfer agreement on July 21, 1988.<ref name="Memo 1991-11-15"/> MD&nbsp;3 was truncated at Millersville after I-97 opened in October 1991; signage for MD&nbsp;3 on I-695 was removed by 1993.<ref name="1991 map"/><ref name="Memo 1991-11-15"/><ref name="Baltimore Sun MD 3 Signage"/>

Before reconstruction of the Glen Burnie Bypass from MD&nbsp;3 Bus. to MD&nbsp;648 began in November 1993, the Stewart Avenue bridge across the Interstate just south of the MD&nbsp;100 interchange was replaced and ramps from northbound I-97 to eastbound MD&nbsp;100 and from westbound MD&nbsp;100 to southbound I-97 were added between 1990 and 1992.<ref name="Baltimore Sun 12 to 16 Widening Start"/> The freeway was reconstructed to Interstate standards in three sections.<ref name="logbook 3p15"/> The middle section from MD&nbsp;174 to MD&nbsp;176 was reconstructed concurrently with the segment of MD&nbsp;100 west from I-97 to MD&nbsp;295 starting in 1993.<ref name="logbook 3p15"/> That segment of MD&nbsp;100, including the MD&nbsp;100–I-97 interchange, opened in November 1996, and the reconstruction of the middle section of I-97 was finished in July 1997.<ref name="Baltimore Sun MD 100"/><ref name="Baltimore Sun 13 to 15 Widening Finish"/> The sections of I-97 from MD&nbsp;3 Bus. to MD&nbsp;174 and from MD&nbsp;176 to MD&nbsp;648 and were reconstructed starting in January 1994.<ref name="logbook 3p15"/> The MD&nbsp;176–MD&nbsp;648 roadway sectional was completed in March 1996. <ref name="Baltimore Sun 15 to 16 Finish"/> The northern half of the MD&nbsp;176 interchange was reconstructed as part of the latter project. The new loop ramp from northbound I-97 to westbound MD&nbsp;176 and the new ramp from MD&nbsp;176 to northbound I-97 were completed in 1995.<ref name="1995 map"/> The ramp from southbound I-97 to MD&nbsp;176 was removed during the widening project.<ref name="Baltimore Sun 13 to 15 Widening Finish"/> The pair of ramps between southbound I-97 and MD&nbsp;162 to replace the removed ramp were constructed between 1996 and 1998.<ref name="logbook 3p15"/><ref name="Baltimore Sun 13 to 15 Widening Finish"/><ref name="1999 map"/> The final piece of construction on I-97 was the reconstruction of its interchange with MD&nbsp;174, which began in 2002 and concluded in 2005.<ref name="logbook 3p15"/><ref name="Baltimore Sun MD 174"/><ref name="Maryland HLR 2005"/>

== Future ==
MDOT plans to widen I-97 to a six-lane freeway between the US 50 and MD 32 interchanges, add an auxiliary lane on northbound and southbound I-97 between the MD 32 and MD 178 interchanges in Millersville, and widen northbound I-97 to four lanes from US 50 to some point north of MD 450. The collector-distributor on westbound US 50 between the I-97 and MD 665 interchanges is to be widened to four lanes. Such widening will include the reconstruction and widening of the bridges over MD 450 and Crownsville Road. The project is expected to start construction around 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I-97 from US 50 to MD 32 Roadway Widening|url=https://mdot-sha-i97-us50-to-md32-aa9455172-maryland.hub.arcgis.com/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |website= MDOT SHA Project Portal |publisher = Maryland Department of Transportation State Highway Administration |language=en-us}}</ref>

==Exit list==
{{jcttop|exit|length_ref=<ref name="Maryland HLR"/>|state=MD|county=Anne Arundel}}
{{MDint|exit
|location=Parole
|mile=0.00
|exit=—
|road={{jct|state=MD|US|50|US|301|city1=Annapolis|city2=Bay Bridge|location3=[[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]]|location4=[[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]}}
|notes=Exit 21 on US&nbsp;50/US&nbsp;301 (unsigned [[Interstate 595 (Maryland)|I-595]])
}}
{{MDint|exit
|location=Crownsville
|mile=5.19
|exit=5
|type=incomplete
|road={{jct|state=MD|MD|178|city1=Crownsville|location2=Fairgrounds}}
|notes=Southbound exit and northbound entrance
}}
{{MDint|exit
|location=Millersville
|mile=6.71
|mile2=7.82
|exit=7
|road={{jct|state=MD|MD|32|MD|3|dir1=west|dir2=south|city1=Bowie|city2=Odenton}}
|notes=Eastern terminus of MD&nbsp;32; northern terminus of MD&nbsp;3
}}
{{MDint|exit
|location=Severna Park
|mile=9.67
|exit=10
|road={{jct|state=MD|road|Benfield Boulevard / Veterans Highway|city1=Severna Park}}
|notes=Signed as exits&nbsp;10A (east) and 10B (west) southbound; Benfield Boulevard is unsigned MD&nbsp;3C
}}
{{MDint|exit
|location=Glen Burnie
|lspan=5
|mile=12.10
|exit=12
|road={{jct|state=MD|MD-Bus|3|dir1=north|road|New Cut Road|city1=Glen Burnie}}
|notes=Southern terminus of MD&nbsp;3 Bus.
}}
{{MDint|exit
|mile=13.29
|exit=13
|road={{jct|state=MD|MD|174|name1=Quarterfield Road}}
}}
{{MDint|exit
|mile=13.84
|exit=14
|road={{jct|state=MD|MD|100|city1=Gibson Island|city2=Ellicott City}}
|notes=Signed as exits&nbsp;14A (east) and 14B (west); exit 13 on MD&nbsp;100
}}
{{MDint|exit
|mile=14.80
|exit=15
|espan=2
|type=incomplete
|road={{jct|state=MD|MD|176|name1=Dorsey Road|city1=Glen Burnie|location2=[[BWI Thurgood Marshall Airport]]|location3=[[Glen Burnie station|Light Rail]]|extra=airport}}
|notes=No southbound exit; signed as exits&nbsp;15A (east) and 15B (west); exit&nbsp;15B also serves [[BWI Rail Station]]
}}
{{MDint
|mile=15.07
|type=incomplete
|road={{jct|state=MD|MD|162|name1=Aviation Boulevard|location1=[[BWI Thurgood Marshall Airport]]|extra=airport}}
|notes=Southbound exit and entrance; via unsigned MD&nbsp;162A; also serves [[BWI Rail Station]]
}}
{{MDint|exit
|location=Ferndale
|lspan=2
|mile=15.58
|exit=16
|road={{jct|state=MD|MD|648|name1=Baltimore–Annapolis Boulevard|city1=Ferndale|city2=Glen Burnie}}
}}
{{MDint|exit
|type=incomplete
|mile=17.46
|exit=17
|road={{jct|state=MD|I|695|city1=Baltimore|city2=Towson}}
|notes=Signed as exits&nbsp;17A (west) and 17B (east) northbound; no exit number southbound; exit 4 on I-695
}}
{{MDint|exit
|location=Brooklyn Park
|mile=17.62
|exit=—
|road={{jct|state=MD|I|895|dir1=north|MD|648|to1=yes|name1=[[Baltimore Harbor Tunnel Thruway]]|location1=[[Port of Baltimore]]|city2=Ferndale}}
|notes=Access via [[I-895A]]
}}
{{jctbtm|keys=incomplete}}

==See also==
* {{Portal-inline|Maryland Roads}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="Milestones">{{cite web|title=Major Transportation Milestones in the Baltimore Region Since 1940|pages=10–12|publisher=Baltimore Metropolitan Council|date=December 1, 2005|url=http://www.baltometro.org/reports/Major%20Transp%20Milestones%20Since%201940.pdf|access-date=October 12, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025170746/http://www.baltometro.org/reports/Major%20Transp%20Milestones%20Since%201940.pdf|archive-date=October 25, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="Maryland HLR">{{Maryland HLR|year=2014|county1=Anne Arundel|access-date=February 27, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Maryland Grid Map">{{Maryland grid map|sections=F13A, F12B, E12D, E12B, D12D|access-date=April 20, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun Cade Dedication">{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=State Dedicates I-97 to Late Sen. John Cade|newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|location=Baltimore|publisher=Tribune Company|date=August 13, 1998|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1998/08/13/state-dedicates-i-97-to-late-sen-john-cade/|access-date=August 2, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="National Highway System">{{cite map|publisher=Federal Highway Administration|title=National Highway System: Maryland|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/nhs_maps/maryland/md_maryland.pdf|date=November 15, 2012|access-date=August 2, 2014|format=PDF}}</ref>

<ref name="FHWA Interstate System Part VII">{{cite web|author=Office of Engineering|title=Part VII: Miscellaneous Interstate Facts|work=The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways|publisher=[[Federal Highway Administration]]|year=1998|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/highwayhistory/data/page07.cfm|access-date=August 2, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="1919 src report">{{Maryland SRC report|year=1919|page=35|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="1934 src report">{{Maryland SRC report|year=1934|page=30|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="1921 map">{{Maryland road map|year=1921}}</ref>

<ref name="1926 src report">{{Maryland SRC report|year=1926|page=15|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="1923 map">{{Maryland road map|year=1923}}</ref>

<ref name="1927 map">{{Maryland road map|year=1927}}</ref>

<ref name="1939 map">{{Maryland road map|year=1939}}</ref>

<ref name="USGS Odenton 1946">{{cite map|publisher=United States Geological Survey|title=Odenton, MD quadrangle|edition=1946|scale=1:31,680|series=7 1/2 Minute Series (Topographic)}}</ref>

<ref name="logbook 1p8">{{Maryland road logbook|key=1|page=8|contract1=AA-473-3-520|date1=July 7, 1954|contract2=AA-473-5-520|date2=September 1, 1954|contract3=AA-473-8-520|date3=September 22, 1954|contract4=AA-473-7-520|date4=October 7, 1954|contract5=AA-473-9-520|date5=October 20, 1954|access-date=April 9, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="logbook 1p9">{{Maryland road logbook|key=1|page=8|contract1=AA-473-2-520|date1=November 8, 1954|contract2=AA-460-6-520|date2=November 30, 1954|contract3=AA-460-5-520|date3=February 9, 1956|contract4=AA-485-6-520|date4=August 29, 1956|contract5=AA-485-8-520|date5=July 24, 1957|contract6=AA-485-5-520|date6=April 3, 1958|contract7=AA-507-1-520|date7=July 18, 1963|contract8=AA-656-1/5-571|date8=November 17, 1969|contract9=AA-656-26-571|date9=January 2, 1973|access-date=April 9, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="1956 src report">{{Maryland SRC report|year=1956|pages=4, 15, 173, 180|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="1957 map">{{Maryland road map|year=1957}}</ref>

<ref name="1959 map">{{Maryland road map|year=1959}}</ref>

<ref name="1958 src report">{{Maryland SRC report|year=1958|pages=8, 72|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="USGS Relay 1960">{{cite map|publisher=United States Geological Survey|title=Relay, MD quadrangle|edition=1960|scale=1:24,000|series=7 1/2 Minute Series (Topographic)}}</ref>

<ref name="USGS Odenton 1965">{{cite map|publisher=United States Geological Survey|title=Odenton, MD quadrangle|edition=1965|scale=1:24,000|series=7 1/2 Minute Series (Topographic)}}</ref>

<ref name="1972 map">{{Maryland road map|year=1972}}</ref>

<ref name="USGS Odenton 1980">{{cite map|publisher=United States Geological Survey|title=Odenton, MD quadrangle|edition=1980|scale=1:24,000|series=7 1/2 Minute Series (Topographic)}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun Route 10">{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Robert|title=Route 10 Gets Off To Slow Start|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore|publisher=Tribune Company|date=May 21, 1991|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1991/05/21/route-10-gets-off-to-slow-start/|access-date=October 12, 2013|archive-date=October 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014175007/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-05-21/news/9113005390_1_route-10-severna-park-expressway|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun Photo">{{cite map|publisher=Maryland State Highway Administration|title=Arundel Expressway Locator Map|url=http://tribune-files.imagefortress.com/attachment1s/2439381/medium_wm/BMM-063-BS_F.JPG?1330678778|date=January 7, 1972|access-date=October 12, 2013|format=JPG}}</ref>

<ref name="1975 map">{{Maryland road map|year=1975}}</ref>

<ref name="FHWA Interstate System Part I">{{cite web|author=Office of Engineering|title=Part I: History|work=The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways|publisher=Federal Highway Administration|year=1998|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/highwayhistory/data/page01.cfm|access-date=October 15, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="FHWA Interstate System Part V">{{cite web|author=Office of Engineering|title=Part V: Interstate Withdrawal-Substitution Program|work=The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways|publisher=Federal Highway Administration|year=1998|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/highwayhistory/data/page05.cfm|access-date=October 15, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun Dorsey">{{Cite news|last=Daemmrich|first=JoAnna|title=Road Plans A Concern To Residents|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore|publisher=Tribune Company|date=June 13, 1991|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1991/06/13/road-plans-a-concern-to-residents/|access-date=October 15, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="BATCS">{{cite book|last1=Rummel, Klepper & Kahl|others=in association with Kimley-Horn and Associates and John Hambury & Associates, Inc.|title=Baltimore–Annapolis Transportation Corridor Study from the Baltimore Beltway to Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, Maryland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=esfDOwAACAAJ|format=PDF|access-date=2016-02-27|year=1980|publisher=Maryland State Highway Administration|location=Baltimore}}</ref>

<ref name="AASHTO November 1975">{{AASHTO minutes|year=1975A|access-date=August 4, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="AASHTO June 1981">{{AASHTO minutes|year=1981S|access-date=August 4, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="AASHTO June 1982">{{AASHTO minutes|year=1982S|access-date=August 4, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="AASHTO June 1989">{{AASHTO minutes|year=1989S|access-date=August 4, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="1989 map">{{Maryland road map|year=1989}}</ref>

<ref name="logbook 3p13">{{Maryland road logbook|key=3|page=13|contract1=AA-937-503-572|date1=January 16, 1984|contract2=AA-937-502-572|date2=March 26, 1985|contract3=AA-309-501-572|date3=October 9, 1985|contract4=AA-937-504-572|date4=March 18, 1986|contract5=AA-937-505-572|date5=July 14, 1986|contract6=AA-310-502-572|date6=June 30, 1987|contract7=AA-309-503-572|date7=September 2, 1987|contract8=AA-132-502-572|date8=November 17, 1987|contract9=AA-132-503-572|date9=August 18, 1988|access-date=April 20, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="USGS South River 1993">{{cite map|publisher=United States Geological Survey|title=South River, MD quadrangle|edition=1993|scale=1:24,000|series=7 1/2 Minute Series (Topographic)}}</ref>

<ref name="1993 map">{{Maryland road map|year=1993}}</ref>

<ref name="logbook 3p15">{{Maryland road logbook|key=3|page=15|contract1=AA-893-503-572|date1=February 9, 1990|contract2=AA-316-505-572|date2=April 1, 1992|contract3=AA-893-502-572|date3=April 5, 1993|contract4=AA-132-501-572|date4=April 12, 1993|contract5=AA-682-501-570|date5=March 27, 1993|contract6=AA-893-504-572|date6=December 30, 1993|contract7=AA-132-503-572|date7=February 7, 1994|contract8=AA-893-506-572|date8=August 15, 1996|contract9=AA-629-5171|date9=November 11, 2002|access-date=April 20, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="1991 map">{{Maryland road map|year=1991}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun 16 to 17 Widening Start">{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=I-97 Widening in Glen Burnie to Start About May 20|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore|publisher=Tribune Company|date=April 30, 1993|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1993/04/30/i-97-widening-in-glen-burnie-to-start-about-may-20/|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun 16 to 17 Widening Finish">{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Edward|title=New I-97 lanes Will Open Tomorrow|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore|publisher=Tribune Company|date=August 12, 1995|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1995/08/12/new-i-97-lanes-will-open-tomorrow/|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun MD 648">{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=New Ramp to Open Tomorrow as Part of I-97 Widening|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore|publisher=Tribune Company|date=October 11, 1995|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1995-10-11-1995284118-story.html|access-date=October 12, 2013|archive-date=October 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014172321/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1995-10-11/news/1995284118_1_i-97-ferndale-ramp|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun 7 to 12 Reconstruction">{{Cite news|title=Here's What to Look Out For If...|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore|publisher=Tribune Company|date=February 10, 1991|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1991/02/10/heres-what-to-look-out-for-if-16/|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun MD 3 Signage">{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=Route 3/301 Exit Marker on Beltway Was Sign of Richer Road Era|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore|publisher=Tribune Company|date=April 25, 1994|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1994-04-25-1994115043-story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014172522/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1994-04-25/news/1994115043_1_route-3-i-97-southern-maryland|url-status=live|archive-date=October 14, 2013|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Memo 1991-11-15">{{Maryland road memo|key=02|page=220|title=Memorandum of Action of Director Neil J. Pedersen|date=November 15, 1991|publisher=Maryland State Highway Administration|access-date=April 20, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun 12 to 16 Widening Start">{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=I-97 Widening Work Starting|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore|publisher=Tribune Company|date=November 17, 1993|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1993/11/17/i-97-widening-work-starting/|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun 15 to 16 Finish">{{Cite news|last=Siegel|first=Andrea F.|title=Expect Tie-ups as I-97 Lanes Open Near BWI|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore|publisher=Tribune Company|date=March 14, 1996|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1996/03/14/expect-tie-ups-as-i-97-lanes-open-near-bwi/|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun 13 to 15 Widening Finish">{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=Wider Northbound I-97 Opens Tomorrow|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore|publisher=Tribune Company|date=July 25, 1997|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1997/07/25/wider-northbound-i-97-opens-tomorrow-third-lane-will-ease-commute-to-baltimore/|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="1995 map">{{Maryland road map|year=1995}}</ref>

<ref name="1999 map">{{Maryland road map|year=1999}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun MD 100">{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=The Outer Beltway That Wasn't|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore|publisher=Tribune Company|date=November 28, 1996|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1996/11/28/the-outer-beltway-that-wasnt-route-100-link-between-suburbs-highway-will-serve-as-once-planned-southern-loop/|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Sun MD 174">{{Cite news|last=Kobell|first=Rona|title=As Traffic Swells, Work Starts at I-97 Interchange|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore|publisher=Tribune Company|date=December 20, 2002|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2002/12/20/as-traffic-swells-work-starts-at-i-97-interchange/|access-date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Maryland HLR 2005">{{Maryland HLR|year=2005|county1=Anne Arundel|access-date=October 11, 2013}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Interstate 97}}
{{Attached KML|display=inline,title}}
* [https://www.aaroads.com/interstate-guide/i-097/ Interstate Guide – I-97]
*[http://www.dcroads.net/roads/I-97_MD DCRoads: Interstate 97 (Maryland)]
*[http://www.roadstothefuture.com//I97_MD.html Roads to the Future: Interstate 97 in Maryland]
*[http://www.mdroads.com/routes/is097.html MDRoads: Interstate 97]
*[http://www.aaroads.com/guide.php?page=i0097md AARoads: Interstate 97]
*[https://www.alpsroads.net/roads/md/i-97/ Maryland Roads - I-97]

{{interstates|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Interstate Highway System|97]]
[[Category:Interstate Highways in Maryland|97]]
[[Category:Roads in Anne Arundel County, Maryland]]
[[Category:Limited-access roads in Maryland]]