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Interstate 985
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{{short description|Highway in Georgia}} {{More citations needed|date=July 2008}} {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}} {{Use American English|date=September 2022}} {{Infobox road | state = GA | type = I | route = 985 | alternate_name = Sidney Lanier Parkway<br>Gainesville Connector | map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|frame-height=290|frame-lat=34.179|frame-long=-83.909|zoom=10|type=line|raw={{Wikipedia:Map data/Wikipedia KML/Interstate 985}}}} | map_custom = yes | map_notes = I-985 highlighted in red | length_mi = 24.04 | length_ref = <ref name="FHWA">{{cite web |last=Starks |first=Edward |date=January 27, 2022 |title=Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/interstate_highway_system/routefinder/table02.cfm |access-date=September 2, 2022 |work=FHWA Route Log and Finder List |publisher=[[Federal Highway Administration]] |archive-date=July 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703182115/https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/interstate_highway_system/routefinder/table02.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref> | established = 1985<ref name="GDOT 1984">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1984 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="GDOT 1986">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1986 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> | spur_type = I | spur_of = 85 | direction_a = South | terminus_a = {{jct|state=GA|I|85}} in [[Suwanee, Georgia|Suwanee]] | junction = *{{jct|state=GA|US|23|SR|20}} in [[Buford, Georgia|Buford]] *{{jct|state=GA|SR|347}} in [[Lake Lanier, Georgia|Lake Lanier]] *{{jct|state=GA|SR|53}} in [[Oakwood, Georgia|Oakwood]] *{{jct|state=GA|SR|13}} near [[Blackshear Place]] *{{jct|state=GA|SR|60}} near [[Gainesville, Georgia|Gainesville]] *{{jct|state=GA|US|129|US-Bus|129|dab2=Gainesville|SR|11}} in [[Gainesville, Georgia|Gainesville]] | direction_b = North | terminus_b = {{jct|state=GA|US|23}} in Gainesville | counties = [[Gwinnett County, Georgia|Gwinnett]], [[Hall County, Georgia|Hall]] | previous_type = SR | previous_route = 962 | next_type = SR | next_route = 1011 | browse = {{ga browse|previous_type=SR|previous_route=417|route=SR 419|next_type=SR|next_route=421}} }} '''Interstate 985''' ('''I-985''') is a {{convert|24.04|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} [[auxiliary Interstate Highway]] in [[Northeast Georgia]]. It links the [[Atlanta metropolitan area]] to the city of [[Gainesville, Georgia|Gainesville]] via [[Suwanee, Georgia|Suwanee]]. I-985 is also known as the '''Sidney Lanier Parkway''', after the [[Sidney Lanier|musician and poet]], and is also designated as unsigned '''State Route 419''' ('''SR 419'''). The roadway was designated as I-985 in 1985. I-985 and [[Georgia State Route 365|SR 365]] are [[Concurrency (road)|concurrent]] for I-985's entire length, but only the I-985 signs are displayed. I-985 is also concurrent with [[U.S. Route 23 in Georgia|US Route 23]] (US 23) from exit 4 northward. I-985 is the highest-numbered spur route of a north–south Interstate and is second only to [[Interstate 990|I-990]], which serves the town of [[Amherst, New York]]. ==Route description== ===Gwinnett County=== In [[Gwinnett County, Georgia|Gwinnett County]], I-985 begins [[Concurrency (road)|concurrent]] with SR 365 at an [[interchange (road)|interchange]] with [[Interstate 85 in Georgia|I-85]] on the southeastern edge of Suwanee. The two highways head northeast to [[Buford, Georgia|Buford]], at an interchange with [[U.S. Route 23 in Georgia|US 23]]/[[Georgia State Route 20|SR 20]] (Buford Drive). Here, US 23 joins the concurrency of I-985/SR 365.<ref name="Google">{{Google maps|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?saddr=I-985+N&daddr=I-985+N+to:I-985+N+to:I-985+N+to:I-985+N+to:I-985+N+to:I-985+N+to:I-985+N+to:I-985+N+to:US-23+N&hl=en&ll=34.191926,-83.903275&spn=0.4822,1.056747&sll=34.219109,-83.861159&sspn=0.482044,1.056747&geocode=FTN1BwIdrcj9-g%3BFUEUCAIda1b--g%3BFV3lCAIdcPv--g%3BFTB9CQId-4n_-g%3BFa40CgIdb0QA-w%3BFfE_CgId11QA-w%3BFbXQCgIdIv0A-w%3BFb8aCwIdUDMB-w%3BFUmSCwIdTX8B-w%3BFQvbCwIdqpUB-w&mra=pr&t=h&z=11|title=Route of Interstate 985|access-date=October 30, 2013}}</ref> ===Hall County=== [[File:Georgia I985nb end.jpg|thumb|left|I-985 northbound end just past SR 369]] The three routes head northeast into [[Hall County, Georgia|Hall County]] until they meet [[Georgia State Route 347|SR 347]]. In [[Flowery Branch, Georgia|Flowery Branch]], they meet Spout Springs Road at the Rankin Smith Interchange, named after the [[Rankin M. Smith Sr.|respective businessperson]]. Then, at exit 14 by Martin Road (HF Reed Industrial Pkwy). Then, they enter [[Oakwood, Georgia|Oakwood]] and meet [[Georgia State Route 53|SR 53]] (Mundy Mill Road), which does not have any return access from southbound I-985/US 23/SR 365. Just after, they enter Gainesville, where they intersect [[Georgia State Route 13|SR 13]] (Atlanta Highway). Its interchange has access to both SR 13 and SR 53. Farther into Gainesville is [[Georgia State Route 53 Connector (Gainesville)|SR 53 Connector]] (SR 53 Conn)/[[Georgia State Route 60|SR 60]] (Candler Road/Queen City Parkway). In the main part of the city, [[U.S. Route 129 in Georgia|US 129]]/[[U.S. Route 129 Business (Gainesville, Georgia)|US 129 Business]] (US 129 Bus)/[[Georgia State Route 11|SR 11]] (Athens Highway) meet the concurrency. US 129/SR 11 head south toward [[Jefferson, Georgia|Jefferson]], while US 129 joins the concurrency through the rest of the city. Meanwhile, US 129 Bus/SR 11 head north into the heart of Gainesville. Nearly {{convert|2.5|mi|km}} later US 129 departs to the north with [[Georgia State Route 369|SR 369]] on Jesse Jewell Parkway. [[File:I-985 signage error GA369 East.jpg|left|thumb|An erroneous SR 23 shield previously posted along SR 369 (Jesse Jewell Parkway) east ahead of the diamond interchange with I-985]] About {{convert|1.4|mi|km}} later, I-985 ends, while US 23/SR 365 continue north.<ref name="Google" /> Then, US 23 enters North Carolina ===National Highway System=== All of I-985 is included as part of the [[National Highway System (United States)|National Highway System]],<ref name="NHS Georgia">{{cite map |title=National Highway System: Georgia |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/nhs_maps/georgia/ga_georgia.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Federal Highway Administration |date=May 8, 2019 |access-date=August 10, 2019 |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/nhs_maps/georgia/ga_georgia.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NHS Gainesville">{{cite map |title=National Highway System: Gainesville, GA |url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/nhs_maps/georgia/gainesville_ga.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Federal Highway Administration |date=May 9, 2019 |access-date=August 10, 2019 |archive-date=August 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811010657/https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/national_highway_system/nhs_maps/georgia/gainesville_ga.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> a system of roadways important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility. ==History== ===1920s=== {{disputed|date=May 2014}}<!-- no way was it built in 1920 --> The roadway that would eventually become I-985 was built at least as early as 1919 as SR 13 from Buford to just northeast of Gainesville, along the same alignment as it runs today.<ref name="GDOT 1920">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1920 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> A reconfiguration of the SR 13 and SR 15 intersection in the [[Baldwin, Georgia|Baldwin]]–[[Cornelia, Georgia|Cornelia]] area caused the two routes to run concurrently between the two cities.<ref name="GDOT 1920"/><ref name="GDOT 1921">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1921 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> By the end of 1926, a small section in Gainesville was paved.<ref name="GDOT 1921"/><ref name="GDOT 1926">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1926 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> By 1929, US 23 was designated along the section from Buford to Gainesville.<ref name="GDOT 1926"/><ref name="GDOT 1929">{{Cite GDOT map |date=1929-10 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> ===1930s–1940s=== By 1932, US 23 was designated along the route all the way to Cornelia. In addition, the entire route, from Buford to the South Carolina state line, was paved.<ref name="GDOT 1929"/><ref name="GDOT January 1932">{{Cite GDOT map |date=1932-01 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> The next month, US 23, and possibly SR 13 was extended south from Buford.<ref name="GDOT January 1932"/><ref name="GDOT February 1932">{{Cite GDOT map |date=1932-02 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> In 1935, after a long series of improvement projects, the section just south of Buford was paved.<ref name="GDOT April 1935">{{Cite GDOT map |date=1935-04 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="GDOT July 1935">{{Cite GDOT map |date=1935-07 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> Between 1946 and 1948, US 123 entered the state, being routed on a concurrency with SR 13 between [[Toccoa, Georgia|Toccoa]] and the state line.<ref name="GDOT 1946">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1946 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="GDOT 1948">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1948 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> Prior to April 1949, US 123's concurrency with SR 13 was extended to Cornelia. During this time, US 441 was extended along SR 15, thus beginning a concurrency with SR 13.<ref name="GDOT 1948"/><ref name="GDOT 1949">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1949 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> ===1950s–1970s=== Between 1955 and 1957, a freeway (presumably I-85) was under construction from northeast Atlanta northeast to Suwannee, paralleling US 23/SR 13.<ref name="GDOT 1955">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1955 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="GDOT 1957">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1957 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> Between 1957 and 1960, I-85 was completed as far north as what is now known as [[Georgia State Route 317|SR 317]], which is located just southwest of what is now the southern terminus of I-985/SR 365,<ref name="GDOT 1957"/><ref name="GDOT 1960">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1960 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> and, by 1966, it was completed northeast of Atlanta within the state.<ref name="GDOT 1963">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1963 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="GDOT 1966">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1966 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> In 1966, SR 365 was being projected as a freeway from its current southern terminus northeast and curving around the southeastern side of Gainesville.<ref name="GDOT 1966"/><ref name="GDOT 1967">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1967 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> In 1969, the whole freeway section, with the exception of the southernmost portion from I-85 to US 23/SR 20, was completed. Also, the entire completed section was designated as SR 365.<ref name="GDOT 1969">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1969 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="GDOT 1970">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1970 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> The next year, the southernmost segment was completed.<ref name="GDOT 1970"/><ref name="GDOT 1971">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1971 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> By 1979, the SR 365 freeway was listed as "under construction" from the northern terminus of the freeway northeast to US 23/[[U.S. Route 441 in Georgia|US 441]]/[[Georgia State Route 15|SR 15]] near Cornelia.<ref name="GDOT 1977-1978">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1977 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="GDOT 1979">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1979 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> ===1980s–1990s=== Between 1980 and 1982, SR 365 was extended along the "under construction" section, but it was not a freeway. Also, US 23/SR 13 from Gainesville to Cornelia were moved onto this new highway.<ref name="GDOT 1980">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1980 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="GDOT 1982">{{Cite GDOT map |year=1982 |access-date=October 30, 2013 }}</ref> By 1986, the entire freeway segment was designated as I-985.<ref name="GDOT 1984"/><ref name="GDOT 1986"/> ==Exit list== {{jcttop|exit|state=GA|length_ref=<ref name="Google"/>}} {{GAint|exit |location=Buford |lspan=2 |mile=0.0 |exit=— |type=incomplete |road={{jct|state=GA|I|85|dir1=south|SR|365|dir2=begins|city1=Atlanta}} |notes=Southern terminus of I-985 and SR 365; southern end of SR 365 concurrency; northbound exit and southbound entrance; I-85 exit 113 |county=Gwinnett |cspan=2}} {{GAint|exit |mile=3.5 |exit=4 |type=concur |road={{jct|state=GA|US|23|dir1=south|SR|20|name2=Buford Drive N.E.|city1=Cumming|city2=Buford}} |notes=Southern end of US 23 concurrency }} {{GAint|exit |county=Hall |cspan=9 |location=none |mile=8.0 |exit=8 |road={{jct|state=GA|SR|347|name1=Friendship Road / Lanier Islands Parkway|location1=[[Lake Lanier]]}} }} {{GAint|exit |location=Flowery Branch |mile=11.4 |exit=12 |road={{jct|state=GA|road|Phil Niekro Boulevard|road|Spout Springs Road|city1=Flowery Branch}} |notes=Rankin Smith Interchange }} {{GAint|exit |location=none |mile=14.0 |exit=14 |road={{jct|state=GA|road|H.F. Reed Industrial Parkway}} |notes= }} {{GAint|exit |location=Oakwood |mile=15.7 |exit=16 |type=incomplete |road={{jct|state=GA|SR|53|name1=Mundy Mill Road|city1=Oakwood|city2=Dawsonville}} |notes=Northbound exit ramp to SR 53 only; no southbound exit 16 }} {{GAint|exit |location=Gainesville |lspan=5 |mile=16.0 |exit=17 |type=incomplete |road={{jct|state=GA|SR|13|name1=Atlanta Highway|city1=Gainesville}} |notes=Northbound exit ramp to SR 13 only: southbound exit includes separate ramps to SR 13 and SR 53. }} {{GAint|exit |mile=19.7 |exit=20 |road={{jct|state=GA|SR|60|SR-Conn|53|SR-Bus|365|dab2=Gainesville|dir2=north|name2=Candler Road / Queen City Parkway|city1=Gainesville|city2=Dawsonville}} |notes=Southern terminus of SR 53 Conn./ SR 365 Bus. |type=concur }} {{GAint|exit |mile=21.3 |exit=22 |type=concur |road={{jct|state=GA|US|129|SR|11|US-Bus|129|dab3=Gainesville|dir1=south|dir3=north|name3=Athens Highway|city2=Jefferson|city3=Gainesville}} |notes=Southern end of US 129 concurrency; southern terminus of US 129 Bus. }} {{GAint|exit |mile=23.7 |exit=24 |type=concur |road={{jct|state=GA|US|129|dir1=north|SR|369|dir2=west|name2=Jesse Jewell Parkway|city1=Gainesville|city2=Cleveland|city3=Cumming}} |notes=Northern end of US 129 concurrency; eastern terminus of SR 369 }} {{GAint|exit |mile=25.1 |exit=— |type=concur |road={{jct|state=GA|US|23|SR|365|dir2=north|dir3=north|name2=Cornelia Highway}} |notes=Northern terminus of I-985; northern end of US 23 and SR 365 concurrencies }} {{Jctbtm|exit|keys=concur,incomplete}} ==See also== *{{portal-inline|Georgia (U.S. state)}} *{{portal-inline|U.S. roads}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{AttachedKML|display=title,inline}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110607174845/http://www.state-ends.com/georgia/041900/ Georgia State Route 419 / Interstate 985 on State-Ends.com] {{3di|85}} [[Category:Auxiliary Interstate Highways|85-9]] [[Category:Interstate Highways in Georgia (U.S. state)|85-9]] [[Category:Interstate 85|9]] [[Category:Transportation in Gwinnett County, Georgia]] [[Category:Transportation in Hall County, Georgia]]
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