Editing Interval signal

{{Short description|Characteristic sound used in broadcasting}}
{{Expand German|Pausenzeichen|date=January 2022}}
[[File:BBBC.PNG|thumb|Historical interval signal of the BBC]]
[[File:RAVAG-Pausenzeichen.ogg|thumb|[[ORF (broadcaster)|RAVAG]] interval signal, clock ticking 270/min (9 in 2 sec)]]
An '''interval signal''', or '''tuning signal''', is a characteristic sound or musical phrase used in [[international broadcasting]], [[numbers station]]s, and by some domestic broadcasters, played before commencement or during breaks in transmission, but most commonly between programs in different languages.

It serves several purposes:
* It helps a listener using a [[radio]] with an [[analog electronics|analog]] [[tuner (radio)|tuner]] to find the correct frequency.
* It informs other stations that the frequency is in use.
* It serves as a station identifier even if the language used in the subsequent broadcast is not one the listener understands.

The practice began in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s and was carried over into [[shortwave]] broadcasts. The use of interval signals has declined with the advent of digital tuning systems, but has not vanished. Interval signals were not required on commercial channels in the United States, where [[jingle]]s were used as identification.

== List of interval signals by station ==
* {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior]]: First eight notes of "[[Mi Buenos Aires querido (tango)|Mi Buenos Aires querido]]" by [[Carlos Gardel]], followed by people saying the station's name in eight languages.

*{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Bangladesh Betar]]: A tune composed by [[Samar Das]].

* {{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Radio Belarus]]: "Motherland, my dear" (Belarusian: {{lang|be|Радзіма, мая дарагая}}, Russian: {{lang|ru|Родина моя дорогая}}) by {{ill|Vladimir Olovnikov|ru|Оловников, Владимир Владимирович|be|Уладзімір Уладзіміравіч Алоўнікаў}} and [[Ales Bachyla]].
{{clear}}

* {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rádio Brasil Internacional]]: Xylophone version of "[[Brazilian Flag Anthem]]" ([[Brazilian Portuguese]]: ''Hino à Bandeira Nacional'') by [[Antônio Francisco Braga]] and [[Olavo Bilac]].

* {{flagu|China}}:
:* [[China National Radio]] and [[China Radio International]]: Chime version of [[March of the Volunteers]] ({{lang|zh|义勇军进行曲}}).
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">\relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \key g \major g'4. b8 d4 d e2 d}</score>|caption=Interval signal for China National Radio and China Radio International|align=center}}

:* [[Voice of the Strait]] News Radio: Bell version of "[[Three Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention]]" ({{lang|zh|三大纪律八项注意}}).
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"celesta" \key a \major \time 4/4 b'2. cis''4 e''2 e''2 | cis''4. e''8 cis''4 a'4 b'2 s}</score>|caption=Interval signal for Voice of the Strait|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Radio Habana Cuba]]: Melody of "March of the 26th of July" ({{lang|es|La Marcha del 26 de Julio}}) by [[Agustín Díaz Cartaya]].
* {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[DR P1]]: "[[Drømte mig en drøm i nat]]", played on xylophone.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/lpDQYdoIQ0w Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190403021959/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpDQYdoIQ0w Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpDQYdoIQ0w |title=Pausesignal |last=stephensen |date=2009-10-19 |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=2020-04-02}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">\relative c'{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric piano 2"  \once \hide Score.MetronomeMark \tempo 4 = 85 \time 3/4 f2 a4 g2 a4 f2 e4 d2 f4 a2 a4 a2 e4 d2.}</score>|caption=Interval signal for DR P1|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|France}} [[Radio France Internationale]]: Electronic-disco, culminating in the last 8 measures of "[[La Marseillaise]]".
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Deutsche Welle]]: Celesta version of "Es sucht der Bruder seine Brüder" from ''[[Fidelio]]'' by [[Ludwig van Beethoven]].
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{ \once \hide Score.MetronomeMark \tempo 4 = 72 \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord" \partial 4
  << \relative c'' { g'4 g4. e8 g f d g a8. g16 g2 \fermata \bar "|."
      } \\ \relative c'' {\partial 4
     r4 << c2 e2 >> <<b2 f2>> << c'2. e2. \fermata >> \bar "|."
  } >> }</score>|caption=Interval signal for Deutsche Welle|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Voice of Greece]]: "The Little Shepherd" ({{lang|el|Ο Τσομπανάκος}}), played on [[floghera]].<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/Q_jNvmGDqwk Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20150628013752/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_jNvmGDqwk Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_jNvmGDqwk| title = Ο τσομπανάκος σήμα ΕΡΤ) | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|India}} [[All India Radio]]: A tune composed by [[Walter Kaufmann (composer)|Walter Kaufmann]] or Thakur Balwant Singh, used since 1936.<ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/catalyst/tuning-into-broadcast-history/article7765864.ece Tuning into broadcast history]. The Hindu BusinessLine, 15 October 2015.</ref>
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">\relative c''{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"flute" c'16 b c4. b8 a f4 f8 b a f e4 e16 f a f e2 s}</score>|caption=Interval signal for All India Radio|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Indonesia}} Indonesia
** [[RRI Programa 3]]: Ending bars of "[[Rayuan Pulau Kelapa|Solace on Coconut Island]]" ({{lang|id|Rayuan Pulau Kelapa}}), composed by [[Ismail Marzuki]].<!--** [[Radio Republik Indonesia|RRI Programa 1]]: Same as above, may vary by region. (evidence needed)-->
** [[Voice of Indonesia|RRI Voice of Indonesia]]: "Feeling of Love" (''[[Rasa Sayang]]'').

* {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[RTÉ Radio 1]]: Chime version of "O'Donnell Forever" ({{lang|ga|[[O'Donnell Abú]]}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/681-history-of-rte/683-rte-1930s/290086-odonnell-abu-becomes-2rn-station-identification-signal-1936/|title='O'Donnell Abú'|website=[[RTÉ.ie]]}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[NHK World|Radio Japan]]:
:* "Kazoe-uta" ({{lang|ja|数え歌}}, ''counting-out game'').
:*  "[[Sakura Sakura]]" ({{lang|ja|さくらさくら}}, ''cherry blossoms'').
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">\relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"celesta" \key a \major \time 2/4 a'8^\markup { Kazoe-uta } a cis a cis4 d8 cis fis fis d d cis4 a8 cis d d cis a gis2}</score>
<br /><score sound="1">\relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"orchestral harp" \once \hide Score.MetronomeMark \tempo 4 = 120 \key f \major d'4^\markup { Sakura Sakura } d e2 d4 d e2 d4 (e) f (e) d (e8 d) bes2}</score>
|caption=Interval signals for Radio Japan|align=center}}
*{{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Radio Nepal]]: A tune composed by Ustad Govinda Lal Nepali.
* {{flagu|North Korea}}
:* [[Voice of Korea]]: Melody of "[[Song of General Kim Il-sung]]" ({{lang|ko|김일성장군의 노래}}).
:* {{ill|Pyongyang FM|ko|평양FM방송}}: Melody of "[[Song of General Kim Jong-il]]" ({{lang|ko|김정일장군의 노래}}).

* {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[KBS World Radio]]: "Dawn".
* {{flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[RTL Radio]]: "De Feierwon" by [[Michel Lentz]], played on chimes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radioforen.de/index.php?threads/pausenzeichen-und-ihre-musikalischen-quellen.21902/page-3|title = Pausenzeichen und ihre musikalischen Quellen| date=8 October 2007 }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Mongolia}} [[Voice of Mongolia]]: "Motherland" ({{lang|mn|Эх орон}}).{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">\relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"celesta" g'4 e' e8. d16 c4 d8. e16 c4 g2}</score>|caption=Interval signal for Voice of Mongolia|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Radio New Zealand International]]: The call of a [[New Zealand bellbird]]
* {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Radio Pakistan]]: A tune composed by Khwaja Khursheed Anwar.
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">\relative c' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"flute" e1 a gis8 a b a \times 2/3 {gis a b} d4 e2 a2}</score>|caption=Interval signal for [[Radio Pakistan]]|align=center}}

* {{flagu|Philippines}}:
:* [[Far East Broadcasting Company]]: "We Have Heard the Joyful Sound".
:* [[Radio Veritas Asia]]: "O via, vita, veritas".

* {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Radio Romania International]]: The first nine notes of “[[Pui de lei]]", lyrics by [[Ioan S. Nenițescu]] and song by {{ill|Ionel G. Brătianu|ro}}
* {{flagu|Russia}}
:* [[Radio Mayak]]: Vibraphone version of ''Moscow Nights''.
:* Radio Sakha: Excerpt from a Yakut folk song.

* {{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[RTV Slovenija|Radio Slovenia]]: Electronically generated [[cuckoo]] chirping.
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Radio Ukraine International]]: "{{ill|Roar and groan, vast Dnieper|uk|Реве та стогне Дніпр широкий|fr|Rèvè ta stog'nè Dnipr chyrokyï}}" ({{lang|uk|Реве та стогне Дніпр широкий}}).
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[BBC World Service]]:
:* English programme: "[[St Mary-le-Bow|Bow Bells]]".
:* Non-English programme, non-Europe: "[[Lillibullero#The BBC and Lillibullero|Lillibullero]]", three notes tuned B–B–C.
:* Non-English programme, to Europe: four notes tuned B–B–B–E.
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1"> \relative c'' { \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f b^\markup { B–B–C } b c } </score><br /><score sound="1"> \relative c'' { \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f b^\markup { B–B–B–E } b b e } </score>|caption=Interval signals for BBC World Service|align=center}}

* {{flagu|United States}}:
:* [[NBC]]: [[NBC chimes|3 chime-like notes.]]
{{thumb|content=<score sound="NBC chimes.ogg"> \relative c' { \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f g'2 e'2 c1 } </score>|caption=Interval signal for NBC|align=center}}
:* [[Trans World Radio]]: "[[What a Friend We Have in Jesus]]".
:* [[Voice of America]]: Brass band version of "[[Yankee Doodle]]".
[[File:Voa english signing on with yankee doodle.ogg|thumb|center|Interval signal for Voice of America]]
{{Clear}}
:* [[WEWN]], later EWTN Global Radio: "[[Salve Regina]]"

* {{flagicon|Vatican}} [[Vatican Radio]]: "[[Christus Vincit]]", played on [[celesta]].
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{#(set-global-staff-size 18) \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"celesta" \key f \major <a' a''>2 <a' a''> <c'' c'''> <c'' c'''> <f' f''> <f' f''> <a' a''> <a' a''> <d' d''> <g' g''> <c' c''> <f' f''>4 ~ <bes' bes''> <a' a''>2 ~ <g' g''>4. <f' f''>8 <f' f''>1}</score>|caption=Interval signal for Vatican Radio|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Radio Nacional de Venezuela]]'s {{ill|Canal Internacional|es|Canal Internacional de Radio Nacional de Venezuela}}: Beginning of "Alma Llanera" by [[Pedro Elías Gutiérrez]] and [[Rafael Bolívar Coronado]].

=== Formerly used ===
* {{flagicon|Albania}} [[Radio Tirana]]: ''Këputa një gjethe dafine'' (transmission intro) and the trumpet version of ''With Pickaxe and Rifle''.
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"trombone" \key g \minor \time 2/4 \skip4 \skip8. d''16 d''4 d''8. es''16 d''4 c''8. a'16 bes'2 g'2}</score>|caption=Radio Tirana|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Radio Australia]]: Chimes version of ''[[Waltzing Matilda]]'' (chorus), [[Kookaburra]] call. News signature tune: ''[[Majestic Fanfare]]''.
* {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Radio Österreich International]]: Orchestral version of ''An der schönen blauen Donau'' ("[[Blue Danube Waltz]]") by Johann Strauss.<ref name="WRTH1983" />
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"brass section" \key g \minor \time 3/4 bes d' f' <<{<bes d' f'>2.} {\skip2 <d'' f''>4}>> <<{<bes d' f'>2.} {<d'' f''>4 \skip4 <bes' d''>4}>> <<{<bes d' f'>2.} {<bes' d''>4} \skip2>> }</score>|caption=Radio Österreich International|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Ö1]]: Three notes signifying [[ORF (broadcaster)|O–R–F]] by [[Werner Pirchner]], played on [[viola]].<ref name="O1">{{Cite book |last=Treiber|first=Alfred|title=Ö1 gehört gehört : die kommentierte Erfolgsgeschichte eines Radiosenders |publisher=Böhlau |year=2007 |isbn=978-3-205-77495-2 |location=Vienna|page=218|language=de|oclc=127107294}}</ref>
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">\relative c'{\override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"viola" c g' c}</score>|caption=Interval signal for Ö1|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[RTBF International]]: ''{{ill|Où peut-on être mieux qu’au sein de sa famille|fr}}''.
* {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rádio Nacional]]: ''[[Luar do Sertão]]'' ("Hinterlands Moonlight").
* {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Radio Canada International]]: First four notes of ''[[O Canada]]'', played on piano or [[autoharp]].
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">\relative c''{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"orchestral harp" \once \hide Score.MetronomeMark \tempo 2 = 120 \key g \major b2 d4. d8 g,2. \skip4}</score>|caption=Radio Canada International|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|China}} [[Radio Peking]] (predecessor of [[China Radio International]]): Chimes version of 东方红 ("[[The East Is Red (song)|The East Is Red]]").
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"celesta" \key c \major \time 4/4 g'2 g'4 a'4 d'1 c'2 c'4 a4 d'1}</score>|caption=Radio Peking|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation]]: ''Avkoritsa'' by [[Andreas Mappouras]], played on guitar
* {{flagicon|Czechoslovakia}} [[Radio Prague]]
:* Trumpet version of ''Kupředu levá'' ("Forward, Left") by Jan Seidl
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"trumpet" a'8 r16 d''16 d''8 r8 e''8 d''4. b'8 r16 d''16 d''8 r8 e''8 d''4.}</score>|caption=Radio Prague|align=center}}
:* ''[[Symphony No. 9 (Dvořák)|Adagio – Allegro molto from Symphony No. 9]]'' by [[Antonín Dvořák|Dvořák]].

* {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Yle#Radio|Yle Radio 1]]: ''Pim-pam-pulla'' by [[Armas Otto Väisänen|A. O. Väisänen]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2008/07/04/radion-valiaikamerkki|title=Radion väliaikamerkki|website=yle.fi|date=4 July 2008 }}</ref>
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"celesta" \key f \major <c'' f' f>2 bes'4 a'4 g'2 <a' f'> c'' bes'4 a'4 g'2 r2 <a' f' f>1}</score>|caption=Radio Finland (Yle)|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|France}} [[Radio France Internationale]]: Trumpet version of a popular song, ''{{ill|Nous n'irons plus au bois|fr}}''.<ref name="WRTH1983" />
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"trumpet" \key f \major \time 2/4 \skip8 f'8 a'8 bes'8 c''4 d''4 c''8 bes'8 a'8 c''8 bes'4 a'8( g'8) f'8 \skip8 \skip4}</score>|caption=Radio France Internationale|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Allied-occupied Germany}} [[Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk]]: The 4th symphony by [[Johannes Brahms|Brahms]].
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\key g \major d''8 e'' fis''4 d'' gis'' fis'' \skip2.}</score>|caption=Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} {{ill|Reichssender Berlin|de|Funk-Stunde Berlin}}: Ending bars of ''[[Volk ans Gewehr]]'', played on glockenspiel.
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"glockenspiel" \key d \minor \time 4/4 f''2 a'4. d''8 c''1 a'2 <a' g'>4. a'8 <d'' a' f'>1}</score>|caption=Reichssender Berlin|align=center}}

* {{flagu|East Germany}}
:* [[Berliner Rundfunk]]: Motif from the opera ''[[Regina (Lortzing)|Regina]]'' by [[Albert Lortzing]], played by trumpets.
:* [[Radio Berlin International]]: Beginning of ''[[Auferstanden aus Ruinen]]'' ("Risen from Ruins"), played on chimes.
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric piano 1" \key f \major \time 2/4 <a' f'>4 <a' f'> <g' c'> <f' bes> <bes' g'> <bes' g'> <a' f'> <g' c'>}</score>|caption=Radio Berlin International|align=center}}
:* [[Radio DDR]]: First few bars of ''Wann wir schreiten Seit’ an Seit’''.
:* [[National Alliance of Russian Solidarists|Radio NTS]]
::: [[File:Radio NTS 1972.ogg|thumb|center|Interval signal for [[National Alliance of Russian Solidarists#Propaganda|Radio NTS]]]]
{{Clear}}
:* {{ill|DFS 904|de|Deutscher Freiheitssender 904}}: "[[Ode to Joy]]"
::: [[File:Deutscher Freiheitssender 904.ogg|thumb|center|Interval signal for DFS 904]]
{{Clear}}

* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Deutschlandfunk]]: Celesta version of ''Dir, Land voll Lieb' und Leben'' from "[[Ich hab' mich ergeben]]" by [[Hans Ferdinand Maßmann]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kalter-krieg-im-radio.de/index.php?er=18#|title=kalter-krieg-im-radio.de|website=www.kalter-krieg-im-radio.de}}</ref>
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1" override_midi="DLF Pausenzeichen.mid">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"celesta" \time 4/4 \skip2. d''4 <b'' g''>4 <b'' g''>4 <d''' b''>4 <b'' g''>4 <fis'' a''>4 r4 <d'' fis''>4 \skip4}</score>|caption=Deutschlandfunk|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Magyar Rádió|Radio Budapest]]: Excerpts from the suite ''1848'' by T.K. Polgar played on three trumpets and two cornets.
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"french horn" e''2-- a''8 e''8 d''8. fis''16 e''1-- e''4-_ e''8-. e''8-. a''8 e''8 d''8. fis''16 e''1}</score>|caption=Radio Budapest|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Kol Yisrael]]: Trumpet and drum version of ''[[Hatikvah]]''.
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"muted trumpet" d' <f' d''>4 <f' d''>4<f' d''>4 <<{a'2} {c''8 d''8 c''8 bes'8}>> <<{a'1} {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"timpani" \clef bass d,8 a,, d, a,, d,4}>>}</score>|caption=Kol Yisrael|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Rai Italia Radio]]: Mechanically generated canary chirping.
* {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Trans World Radio]]: ''[[Hymne Monégasque]]''
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric piano 1" \key f \major c'2 f'4. g'8 a'2 bes'4. a'8 g'2 a'4. g'8 f'2 c'4. r8 c''2 c''4. c''8 c''2. r8 f'8 g'4. a'8 bes'4. a'8 g'2 r2}</score>|caption=Trans World Radio|align=center}}

* {{flagu|Netherlands}}
:* [[Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organization)|NPO]]: First seven notes of ''[[Wilhelmus]]'', played on clarinet ([[NPO Radio 1|Radio 1]] and [[NPO Radio 5|Radio 5]]), synthesizer ([[NPO 3FM|Radio 3]]), [[spinet]] ([[NPO Radio 4|Radio 4]]) and flute ([[NPO Radio 2|Radio 2]]).<ref>[[:nl:Pauzeteken]]</ref>{{Better source needed|date=November 2015|reason=[[WP:CIRCULAR]]}}
:* [[Radio Netherlands]]: Carillon version of the [[Eighty Years' War]] song ''[[Merck toch hoe sterck]]''.
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \key g \major e'4 dis'8 e'8 fis'4 e'8 fis'8 g'4 fis'8 e'8 fis'4 \skip4}</score>|caption=Radio Netherlands|align=center}}

* {{flagu|Norway}}
:* [[NRK P1]]: Motif from ''Sigurd Jorsalfar'' by [[Edvard Grieg]].<ref>http://www.ontheshortwaves.com/Articles/The_Interval_Signal.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
:* Radio Norway International ({{ill|Utenlandssendingen|no}} {{inlang|no}}, former international service of [[NRK]]): Symphony No. 1, Op. 26: Innover viddene. 1938, 51 by [[Eivind Groven]] 
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"xylophone" \time 3/4 \skip2 \skip8 bes'8 bes'16 bes'16 d''16 f''16 es''16 d''16 es''8 ~ es''8 es''8 d''16 bes'8. c''16 as'8. bes'4 ~ bes'2 r8 bes'8 bes'16 bes'16 d''16 f''16 es''4. des''8 ces''8 bes'16 as'16 ges'4. ges'8 as'8 bes'16 des''16 ces''8 bes'4 as'8 ges'16 f'16 ges'16 f'16 es'16 f'16 ges'8 ~ ges'8 as'8 ges'16 f'16 ges'16 f'16 es'16 f'16 ges'8 ~ ges'8 f'8 es'8 des'8 es'2 bes2 \skip4}</score>|caption=Radio Norway International (NRK)|align=center}}

* {{flagu|Poland}}
:* [[Radio Katowice]]: Sound of a hammer striking an anvil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2QQ6FH-ORM|title=- YouTube|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref>
:* {{ill|Radio Olsztyn|pl|Polskie Radio Olsztyn}}: Excerpt from ''O Warmio moja miła'' by [[Feliks Nowowiejski]], played on barrel organ.
:* [[Polish Radio External Service]]: Excerpt from ''Prząśniczka'' by [[Stanisław Moniuszko]], played on piano.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/ztH0_2ueIYc Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160310092741/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztH0_2ueIYc Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztH0_2ueIYc| title = RADIO INTERVAL SIGNALS - "Radio Polonia" | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
:* [[Radio Polonia]]: Piano version of [[Étude Op. 10, No. 12 (Chopin)|''Etude No. 12'' ("Revolutionary Etude")]] by Frédéric Chopin.
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1"><<{\key c \minor \skip2 \skip8. <c'' c'''>16[ <d'' d'''>8. <es'' es'''>16] <es'' es'''>2 r8. <g'' es'' c'' g'>16[ <g'' es'' c'' g'>8.\< <g'' es'' c'' g'>16]\! <as'' es'' c'' as'>2\> <g'' es'' c'' g'>2\!} {\key c \minor \clef bass \skip2. es16\> d c g,\! c,\< g, c d es g c' d'\! es'\> d' c' g es d c g,\! c,\< g, c d\! es\> d c g,\! c,2}>></score>|caption=Radio Polonia|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Romania|1965}} [[Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company|Radio Bucharest 1]] and [[Radio Romania International|Radio Bucharest External Service]] (pre 1989): Fragment from ''Cantata anilor luminǎ'' by [[Anatol Vieru]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Voice of Russia]]: "Majestic" chorus from the "Great Gate of Kiev" portion of ''[[Pictures at an Exhibition]]'' by [[Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky|Mussorgsky]].
* {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[International Radio of Serbia|Radio Serbia]]: ''[[Bože pravde]]''.
* {{flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Radio Slovakia International]]: ''Kto za pravdu horí''.
* {{flagicon|Union of South Africa}} [[Radio RSA]] (former international service of [[Apartheid]]-era [[South African Broadcasting Corporation]]): [[Bokmakierie]] chirping and first bars of ''Ver in die Wereld, Kittie'', played on guitar.<ref name="WRTH1983">{{cite book|last=Frost|first=Jens Mathiesen|title=World Radio TV Handbook|location=New York|publisher=Billboard Publications|year=1983}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldofradio.com/dxld7043.txt|title=DX Listening Digest 7-043}}</ref>
{{thumb|content=<score sound="1">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic guitar (nylon)" \key c \major \time 2/4 g'8 g'16 g'16 g'8 f'8 e'8 g'4. d'8 f'4. e'8 g'4. g'8 g'16 g'16 g'8 f'8 e'8 g'4. d'8 f'8 e'8 d'8 c'4 r}</score>|caption=Radio RSA|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Radio Sweden]]: Chime version of ''Ut i vida världen'' ("Out in the Wide World"), composed by [[Ralph Lundsten]] and the opening notes of [[Carl Michael Bellman]]'s ''Storm och böljor tystna r'en''.<ref name="WRTH1983" /><ref>[http://www.andromeda.se/ Radio Sweden interval signal] Retrieved 2011-11-24.</ref>
* {{flagu|Switzerland}}
:* {{ill|Radio Beromünster|de}}: ''D' Zit isch do'', played on [[music box]].
:* [[Swiss Radio International]]: ''Lueget, vo Berg und Tal''.
{{thumb|content=<score sound="Swiss Radio International.ogg" lang="lilypond">{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"accordion" \key a \major \time 3/8 cis''8. d''16 cis''8 b'8 e'8 cis''8 a'4 r8 e'8. fis'16 e'8 a'8 cis''8 e''8 b'4 r8}</score>|caption=Swiss Radio International|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Voice of Turkey]]: [[Turkish makam]], played on piano.
:: [[File:Voice of Turkey Interval Signal.ogg|thumb|center|300px|Interval signal of [[Voice of Turkey]] as heard in 2013]]
{{Clear}}

* {{flagicon|USSR}} [[Radio Moscow]] (former international service of the Soviet Union):
:* ''Подмосковные вечера'' ("[[Moscow Nights]]"), played on [[vibraphone]].
:* ''Песня о Родине'' ("[[Wide Is My Motherland]]")
{{thumb|content=<score sound="Wide Is My Motherland in 1941.ogg">{\key g \major \skip2. d'4. d'8 g'2. fis'4 e'4 fis'4 g'4 a'4 g'2 d'2 \skip2}</score>|caption=Radio Moscow|align=center}}

* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[BBC World Service]]: Trumpet version of ''[[Oranges and Lemons]]'', first four notes of ''Symphony No. 5'' by [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]], played on timpani; ''[[Lillibullero]]'' (signature tune, played on trumpet).<ref>[http://www.portabletubes.co.uk/sitefiles/lilibulero.wav BBC World Service (Europe) interval signal] Retrieved 2013-10-09.</ref>
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[WYFR]]: First two bars of ''[[To God Be the Glory]]'' by [[William Howard Doane]] played by a brass band
* {{flagicon|SFR Yugoslavia}} [[Radio Yugoslavia]] (1980–1989): First bar of ''Druže Tito, ljubićice bjela'' anonymous [[Yugoslav Partisans|Partisan]] song, in various orchestral renditions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vijesti.ba/clanak/147926/top-deset-pjesama-o-titu|title=Top deset pjesama o Titu|website=vijesti.ba}}</ref>
:* {{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} {{flagicon|Serbia and Montenegro}} Radio Yugoslavia, later [[International Radio of Serbia]] and Montenegro: ''Jugoslavijo'' by Nikola Hercigonja.

Classical radio station [[WQXR-FM]] in New York City, during its ownership by [[The New York Times Company]], played different variations of a classical infused gong with the ID read at the same time as "The Classical Station of the New York Times, WQXR, New York (And WQXR.com 2000–2009) {{citation needed|reason=http://tophour.com/audio/New%20York%20City%20NY/fm0963_2006-08_wqxr-fm_sfybush.mp3|date=February 2018}}

=== Numbers station interval signals ===
[[Numbers station]]s are often named after their interval signals, such as [[Lincolnshire Poacher (numbers station)|The Lincolnshire Poacher]] or Magnetic Fields after [[Les Chants Magnétiques|"Magnetic Fields Part 1"]] by [[Jean-Michel Jarre]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book
  | last = Sennitt
  | first = Andrew G.
  | authorlink =
  | title = World Radio and Television Handbook 1997
  | year = 1997
 | publisher = Billboard Books
  | location =
  | pages = 560
  | url =
  | doi =
  | isbn = 0-8230-7797-7|ref=none
 }}
* {{cite book
  | last = Sennitt
  | first = Andrew G.
  | authorlink =
  |author2=David Bobbitt
  | title = World Radio and Television Handbook 2006
  | publisher = Billboard Books
  | date = December 2005
  | location =
  | pages = 608
  | url =
  | doi =
  | isbn = 0-8230-7798-5|ref=none
 }}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.intervalsignals.net Interval Signals Online]
* [http://www.kawamura-photo.sakura.ne.jp/bcl/index.html Nobuyuki Kawamura's Interval Signal Library]
* [http://de.intervalsignals.org IntervalSignal DataBase (German)] [http://en.intervalsignals.org English version]
* Uwe Volk's Sound Library (available both in [https://web.archive.org/web/20040409100321/http://home.arcor.de/uvolk/index_en.htm English] and in [https://web.archive.org/web/20040316215517/http://home.arcor.de/uvolk/index_de.htm German])
* [http://www.kurzwelle-historisch.de/kurz_eur.html Kurzwelle-Historisch]
* [http://live-radio.net/interval_sigs.shtml Interval signals on Live-Radio.net]

[[Category:International broadcasting]]
[[Category:Audiovisual ephemera]]