Editing Inverted roller coaster

{{Short description|Type of roller coaster}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox attraction model
| name                = Inverted roller coaster
| logo                = <!--Use ONLY the filename, not a full [[Image:]] link-->
| logo_width          = <!--Default is 250px-->
| image               = Nemesis at Alton Towers 240 (4756752644).jpg
| imagedimensions     = 250px
| caption             = [[Nemesis Reborn|Nemesis]] at [[Alton Towers]] in 2010
| status              = in production
| first_produced      = 1992
| No. of installations= 189
| manufacturer2       = [[Bolliger & Mabillard]], [[Vekoma]], [[Intamin]], [[Gerstlauer]], and [[Mack Rides]]
| designer            =
| height_ft           = <!--Must be expressed in feet and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| height_m            = <!--Must be expressed in metres and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| drop_ft             = <!--Must be expressed in feet and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| drop_m              = <!--Must be expressed in metres and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| length_ft           = <!--Must be expressed in feet and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| length_m            = <!--Must be expressed in metres and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| speed_mph           = <!--Must be expressed in miles per hour and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| speed_km/h          = <!--Must be expressed in kilometres per hour and may contain only numeric characters.-->
| Inversions        =
| gforce              =
| capacity = <!--If number is known, include this parameter.-->
<!--Use only one of vehicles, rows, participants, or audience-->
| vehicle_type        =
| vehicles            = Suspended trains
| riders_per_vehicle  =  <!--Only use if vehicles has been specified.-->
| rows                =
| riders_per_row      =  <!--Only use if rows has been specified.-->
| participants_per_group= <!--Only use if neither rows or vehicles is applicable.-->
| audience_capacity   = <!--For shows-->
| duration            =
| restraint           = Over-the-shoulder (most common style)
| custom_label_1      =
| custom_value_1      =
| custom_label_2      =
| custom_value_2      =
|rcdb_number          =  <!--The number in the URL of the coaster's RCDB page. This parameter should only be used for roller coaster models.-->
}}

An '''inverted roller coaster''' is a type of [[steel roller coaster]] in which the [[roller coaster train|train]] runs under the track with the seats directly attached to the wheel carriage. Riders are seated in open cars, letting their feet swing freely. The inverted coaster was pioneered by Swiss roller coaster manufacturer [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] in the early 1990s with the development of [[Batman: The Ride]], which opened at [[Six Flags Great America]] on May 9, 1992.

[[Image:Inverted coaster car front view.png|left|thumb|200px|B&M style inverted roller coaster car.]]Versions of inverted coasters have since been produced by other major coaster manufacturers such as [[Vekoma]] and [[Intamin]]. Intamin has few designs classified as inverted coasters, although they do install inverted coaster trains on some of their launched designs. Vekoma, however, predominantly mass-produced the same design ([[Suspended Looping Coaster]]) with 41 identical coasters installed around the world, though Vekoma now markets a newer style of inverted coaster, the Suspended Thrill Coaster, which utilises lap-bar restraints instead of the traditional over-the-shoulder restraints.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rcdb.com/cm7.htm |title=Vekoma |website=rcdb.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516021044/http://www.rcdb.com/cm7.htm |archive-date=2006-05-16}} </ref> Vekoma was also the first manufacturer to install a [[Suspended Family Coaster|family-friendly inverted roller coaster]] with the opening of [[Flying Ace Aerial Chase]] at [[Kings Island]] in 2001. [[Giovanola]] also has a single inverted coaster operating, which uses the box-track design, also used by [[Bolliger & Mabillard]].

The inverted coaster differs from the older [[Suspended Swing roller coaster|suspended coaster]], which runs under the track, but features cars that enclose the rider's legs and lower body and are attached to the track above by a pivoting bar, whereas the trains on inverted coasters are directly attached to the track. This direct attachment facilitates [[Roller coaster inversion|inversions]], which aren't possible on suspended coasters. Inversions typically featured on inverted coasters include [[vertical loop]]s, [[zero-g roll]]s, [[Immelmann loop]]s, [[cobra roll]]s, and [[Roller coaster element#Corkscrew|corkscrews]], though Vekoma's suspended loopers typically feature [[Roller coaster element|sidewinder]] and in-line twist elements.

==History==
The inverted coaster was developed in the early 1990s by engineers Walter Bolliger and Claude Mabillard of the Swiss roller coaster manufacturer [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] in cooperation with engineer Robert Mampe and Jim Wintrode, at the time the [[general manager]] of [[Six Flags Great America]], who first envisioned a suspended coaster capable of inversions.<ref>{{cite web |last=Meyer |first=Russell |date=May 12, 2014 |title=Coaster Tech: An Insider's look at inverted coasters |url=http://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/201405/4014/ |access-date=May 21, 2015 |work=themeparkinsider.com}}</ref><ref name="ACE">{{cite web|title=Coaster Landmark Award – Batman: The Ride|url=http://www.aceonline.org/CoasterAwards/details.aspx?id=45|publisher=American Coaster Enthusiasts|access-date=January 6, 2013|date=June 20, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107232141/http://www.aceonline.org/CoasterAwards/details.aspx?id=45|archive-date=January 7, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="In my office: Jim Wintrode">{{cite journal|last=O'Brien|first=Tim|title=In my office: Jim Wintrode|journal=Amusement Business|date=March 24, 2003|volume=115|issue=12}}</ref> The result of this partnership, [[Batman: The Ride]], [[Soft launch|soft opened]] at Six Flags Great America as the first inverted coaster in the world on May 2, 1992, officially opening on May 9, 1992.<ref name="ACE"/> With the coaster's success, [[WarnerMedia|Time Warner]], [[Six Flags]]' parent company at the time, moved to construct a series of duplicates of the ride at various Six Flags parks. In 1993, a second installation of Batman: The Ride at Six Flags Great Adventure opened as the second inverted coaster in the world.<ref name=SFGA>{{cite RCDB|coaster_name=Batman The Ride|location=Six Flags Great Adventure|rcdb_number=32|access-date=January 6, 2013}}</ref> Six Flags has since gone on to construct five additional duplicates of the ride.<ref name=BTR>{{cite web |url=https://rcdb.com/r.htm?ot=2&mo=8310|title= Batman: The Ride Installation List|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= Roller Coaster Database |publisher= |access-date= August 20, 2023 |quote=}}</ref>

The second unique inverted coaster was [[Flight Deck (California's Great America)|Flight Deck]] which opened in 1993 at [[California's Great America]] as Top Gun.<ref name=FDCGA>{{cite RCDB|coaster_name=Flight Deck|location=California's Great America|rcdb_number=80|access-date=August 21, 2023}}</ref> [[Nemesis Reborn]] was the first inverted coaster constructed outside the United States when it opened at [[Alton Towers]] in [[Staffordshire|Staffordshire, England]] in 1994.<ref name=NAT>{{cite RCDB|coaster_name=Nemesis|location=Alton Towers|rcdb_number=776|access-date=August 21, 2023}}</ref> That same year, [[Raptor (Cedar Point)|Raptor]] opened at [[Cedar Point]]. With a 3,790-foot (1,160&nbsp;m) track layout, Raptor was far larger and featured a less compact layout than its predecessors. It also featured the first cobra roll on an inverted coaster.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americacoasters.com/Reviews/?page=raptor|title=Raptor|publisher=AmericaCoasters.com|access-date=January 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://sanduskyregister.com/news/516715/raptor-roller-coaster-turns-30/ |title= Raptor roller coaster turns 30 |last=Helbig |first=Don |date=19 April 2024|website=Sandusky Register |publisher=The Sandusky Register |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref>

== Installations ==
231 inverted roller coasters have been installed at various theme parks, some of which have been relocated. The following list is not exhaustive and only shows the most notable installations.

{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Park !! Opened !! Manufacturer !! Status

|-
| [[Batman: The Ride]] || [[Six Flags Great America]] || 1992 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Batman: The Ride]] || [[Six Flags Great Adventure]] || 1993 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
|[[Nemesis Reborn]]
|[[Alton Towers]]
|1994 (original), 2024 (refurbished)
|[[Bolliger & Mabillard]]
|Operating
|-
| [[Flight Deck (California's Great America)|Flight Deck]] || [[California's Great America]] || 1993 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Batman: The Ride]] || [[Six Flags Magic Mountain]] || 1994 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Raptor (Cedar Point)|Raptor]] || [[Cedar Point]] || 1994 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Condor (roller coaster)|Condor]] || [[Walibi Holland]] || 1994 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Diavlo]] || [[Himeji Central Park]] || 1994 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Batman: The Ride]] || [[Six Flags St. Louis]] || 1995 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[T3 (roller coaster)|T3]] || [[Kentucky Kingdom]] || 1995 || [[Vekoma]] || Closed
|-
| [[Eurostar (roller coaster)|Eurostar]] || German Traveling Fairs || 1995 || [[Intamin]]/[[Giovanola]] || Operating
|-
| [[Flight Deck (Canada's Wonderland)|Flight Deck]] || [[Canada's Wonderland]] || 1995 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Arkham Asylum - Shock Therapy]]<br><small>[[Lethal Weapon - The Ride]]</small> || [[Warner Bros. Movie World]] || 1995 || [[Vekoma]] || Closed 2019
|-
| [[The Great Nor'easter]] || [[Morey's Piers]] || 1995 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| Professor Screamore's Skywinder || [[Six Flags America]] || 1995 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Montu (roller coaster)|Montu]] || [[Busch Gardens Tampa Bay]] || 1996 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Batman: The Ride]] || [[Six Flags Over Georgia]] || 1997 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[The Great White (SeaWorld San Antonio)|The Great White]] || [[SeaWorld San Antonio]] || 1997 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| Mind Eraser || [[Six Flags Darien Lake]] || 1997 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| The [[Riddler]] Revenge || [[Six Flags New England]] || 1997 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| Mind Eraser || [[Elitch Gardens (Amusement Park)|Elitch Gardens]] || 1997 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Pyrenees (roller coaster)|Pyrenees]] ||[[Parque Espana-Shima Spain Village]] || 1997 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Alpengeist]] || [[Busch Gardens Williamsburg]] || 1997 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Great Bear (roller coaster)|Great Bear]] || [[Hersheypark]] || 1998 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Inverted Impulse roller coaster|Linear Gale]] || Tokyo Dome City || 1998 || [[Intamin]] || Closed 2010
|-
| [[Volcano: The Blast Coaster]] || [[Kings Dominion]] || 1998 || [[Intamin]] || Closed 2018
|-
| [[Blue Tornado (roller coaster)|Blue Tornado]] || [[Gardaland]] || 1998 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| ''[[Kong (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)|Kong]]''<br /><small>Formerly ''[[The Hangman (roller coaster)|The Hangman]]''</small> || [[Six Flags Discovery Kingdom]]<br /><small>[[Opryland USA|Opryland]]</small> || 1998<br /><small>1995</small> || [[Vekoma]]
|| Operating<br /><small>Closed 1997</small>
|-
|Anaconda
|[[Gold Reef City]]
|1999
|[[Giovanola]]
|Operating
|-
| [[Tornado (Parque de Atracciones de Madrid)|Tornado]] ||Parque de Atracciones de Madrid || 1999 || [[Intamin]] || Operating
|-
| [[Batman: The Ride]] || [[Six Flags Over Texas]] || 1999 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Dragon Challenge]] || [[Islands of Adventure]] || 1999 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Closed 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://orlandoinformer.com/blog/dragon-challenge-closing-new-harry-potter-ride/|title=Dragon Challenge closing for a new Harry Potter ride|date=24 July 2017|website=orlandoinformer.com|access-date=23 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Afterburn (roller coaster)|Afterburn]] || [[Carowinds]] || 1999 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
|[[Twisted Typhoon]]||[[Wild Adventures]] || 1999 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Invertigo (Kings Island)|Invertigo]] || [[Kings Island]] || 1999 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Katun (roller coaster)|Katun]] || [[Mirabilandia (Italy)|Mirabilandia]] || 2000 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Batman: The Ride (Six Flags Mexico)|Batman: The Ride]] || [[Six Flags Mexico]] || 2000 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| MP Xpress || [[Movie Park Germany]] || 2001 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Talon (roller coaster)|Talon]] || [[Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom]] || 2001 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Tornado (Särkänniemi roller coaster)|Tornado]] || [[Särkänniemi]] || 2001 || [[Intamin]] || Operating
|-
| [[The Flash: Vertical Velocity (Six Flags Great America)|The Flash: Vertical Velocity]] <br>{{Small|Formerly V2: Vertical Velocity}}|| [[Six Flags Great America]] || 2001 || [[Intamin]] || Operating
|-
| [[Batman: Arkham Asylum (roller coaster)|Batman: Arkham Asylum]] || [[Parque Warner Madrid]] || 2002 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Giant Inverted Boomerang|Stunt Fall]] || [[Parque Warner Madrid]] || 2002 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Wicked Twister]] || [[Cedar Point]] || 2002 || [[Intamin]] || Closed 2021
|-
| [[Le Vampire (La Ronde)|Le Vampire]] || [[La Ronde (amusement park)|La Ronde]] || 2002 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[The Flash: Vertical Velocity (Six Flags Discovery Kingdom)|The Flash: Vertical Velocity]]<br>{{Small|Formerly V2: Vertical Velocity}}|| [[Six Flags Discovery Kingdom]] || 2002 || [[Intamin]] || Operating
|-
| [[Sky Rocket (Dreamworld)|Sky Rocket]] || [[Dreamworld (Australian theme park)|Dreamworld]] || 2002 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Jubilee Odyssey]] || [[Fantasy Island (UK amusement park)|Fantasy Island]] || 2002 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Nemesis Inferno]] || [[Thorpe Park]] || 2003 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Swamp Thing (Wild Adventures)|Swamp Thing]] || [[Wild Adventures]] || 2003 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Kiddy Hawk]] || [[Carowinds]] || 2003 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Steel Venom (Valleyfair)|Steel Venom]] || [[Valleyfair]] || 2003 || [[Intamin]] || Operating
|-
| Unknown <br /><small>Formerly [[Lightning (Entertainment City)|Lightning]]</small> || Wonderla Amusement Park Chennai <br /><small>Kuwait Entertainment City</small> || 2025 <br /><small>2004</small> || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Under construction <br /><small>Closed 2016</small>
|-
| [[Silver Bullet (Knott's Berry Farm)|Silver Bullet]] || [[Knott's Berry Farm]] || 2004 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Bat (Lagoon)|Bat]] || [[Lagoon Amusement Park|Lagoon]] || 2005 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Patriot (roller coaster)|Patriot]] || [[Worlds of Fun]] || 2006 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Black Mamba (roller coaster)|Black Mamba]] || [[Phantasialand]] || 2006 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Kumali]] || [[Flamingo Land Resort]] || 2006 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Infusion (roller coaster)|Infusion]]<br /><small>Formerly Traumatizer</small> || [[Pleasure Beach Blackpool]]<br /><small>[[Pleasureland Southport]]</small> || 2007<br /><small>1999</small> || [[Vekoma]]
|| Operating<br /><small>Closed 2006</small>
|-
| Jimmy Neutron's Atomic Flyer || [[Movie Park Germany]] || 2007 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Kvasten]] || [[Gröna Lund]] || 2007 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Phaethon (roller coaster)|Phaethon]] || [[Gyeongju World]] || 2007 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Chupacabra (roller coaster)|Chupacabra]]<br /><small>Formerly Goliath</small><br /><small>Formerly Batman: The Ride</small><br /><small>Formerly Gambit</small> || [[Six Flags Fiesta Texas]]<br /><small>[[Six Flags New Orleans]]<br />Thrill Valley</small> || 2008<br /><small>2003<br />1995</small> || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]]
|| Operating<br /><small>Closed 2005<br />Closed 2002</small>
|-
| ''[[Thunderhawk (Michigan's Adventure)|Thunderhawk]]'' || [[Michigan's Adventure]]<br /><small>[[Geauga Lake's Wildwater Kingdom|Geauga Lake]]</small> || 2008<br /><small>1998</small> || [[Vekoma]]
|| Operating<br /><small>Closed 2007</small>
|-
| [[Possessed (roller coaster)|Possessed]]<br /><small>Formerly ''[[Steel Venom (Geauga Lake)|Steel Venom]]''</small> || [[Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom]]<br /><small>[[Geauga Lake's Wildwater Kingdom|Geauga Lake]]</small> || 2008<br /><small>2000</small> || [[Intamin]]
|| Operating<br /><small>Closed 2006</small>
|-
| [[Giant Inverted Boomerang|Aftershock]]<br /><small>Formerly Déjà Vu</small>

||[[Silverwood Theme Park]]<br /><small> [[Six Flags Great America]]</small> || 2008<br /><small>2001</small> || [[Vekoma]] || Operating <br /><small>Closed 2007</small>
|-
| [[Steel Lasso]] || [[Frontier City]] || 2008 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[The Monster (Walygator Parc)|The Monster]]<br /><small>Formerly Orochi</small> || [[Walygator Parc]]<br /><small>[[Expoland]]</small> || 2010<br /><small>1996</small> || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]]
|| Operating<br /><small>Closed 2007</small>
|-
|[[Ednör - L'Attaque]]<br /><small>Formerly Serial Thriller</small> || [[La Ronde (amusement park)|La Ronde]]<br /><small>[[Six Flags Astroworld]]</small> || 2010<br /><small>1999</small> || [[Vekoma]]
|| Operating <br /><small>Closed 2005</small>
|-
| [[Battlestar Galactica (roller coaster)|Battlestar Galactica: Cylon]] || [[Universal Studios Singapore]] || 2010 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Giant Inverted Boomerang|Sky Mountain]]<br /><small>Formerly Déjà Vu</small>
||[[Mirabilandia (Brazil)|Mirabilandia]]<br /><small> [[Six Flags Over Georgia]]</small> || 2011<br /><small>2001</small> || [[Vekoma]] || Operating <br /><small>Closed 2007</small>
|-
| [[Giant Inverted Boomerang|Mountain Peak]]||[[Jinjiang Action Park]]|| 2011|| [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Giant Inverted Boomerang|Goliath]]<br /><small>Formerly Déjà Vu</small>||[[Six Flags New England]]<br /><small> [[Six Flags Magic Mountain]]</small> || 2012<br /><small>2001</small>|| Vekoma || Closed 2019-2021 <br /><small>Closed 2011</small>
|-
| [[OzIris]] || [[Parc Astérix]] || 2012 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Banshee (roller coaster)|Banshee]] || [[Kings Island]] || 2014 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| Family Inverted Coaster || [[Happy Valley Shanghai|Happy Valley]] || 2014 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
| [[Arthur - The Ride]] || [[Europa-Park]] || 2014 || [[Mack Rides]] || Operating
|-
| [[Hals-über-Kopf]] || [[Erlebnispark Tripsdrill]] || 2020 || [[Vekoma]] || Operating
|-
| [[Monster (Gröna Lund)|Monster]] || [[Gröna Lund]] || 2021 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
|Storm - The Dragon Legend
|[[Tusenfryd]]
|2023
|[[Gerstlauer]]
|Operating
|-
| [[Phoenix Rising (roller coaster)|Phoenix Rising]]|| [[Busch Gardens Tampa]] || 2024 || [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] || Operating
|-
|Infinity Inverted Coaster
|[[Parque del Café]]
|2025
|[[Gerstlauer]]
|Under construction
|-
|Fianna Force
|[[Emerald Park]]
|2024
|[[Vekoma]]
|Operating
|-
|Big Bad Wolf: The Wolf's Revenge
|[[Busch Gardens Williamsburg]]
|2025
|[[Bolliger & Mabillard]]
|Operating

|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Nemesis Inferno (Thorpe Park) 01.JPG|A [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] inverted roller coaster, [[Nemesis Inferno]] at [[Thorpe Park]]
File:Kumali.jpg|A [[Vekoma]] built inverted coaster, [[Kumali]] at [[Flamingo Land Resort]]
File:NemesisAlton.JPG|A [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] inverted coaster, [[Nemesis Reborn]] at [[Alton Towers]]
File:PCW-Top Gun.jpg|A [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] inverted coaster, [[Afterburn (roller coaster)|Afterburn]] at [[Carowinds]]
File:Black mamba first drop.jpg|A [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] inverted coaster, [[Black Mamba (roller coaster)|Black Mamba]] at [[Phantasialand]]
File:Rollercoaster limit heide park germany.jpg|A [[Vekoma]] inverted coaster, Limit at [[Heide Park]]
File:DuelingDragonsCS.jpg|The only [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] dueling inverted coaster, [[Dragon Challenge]] at [[Islands of Adventure]]
File:Great Bear Helix.jpg|A [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] inverted coaster, [[Great Bear (roller coaster)|Great Bear]] at [[Hershey Park]]
File:Traumatizer.jpg|A former [[Vekoma]] inverted coaster, Traumatizer at [[Pleasureland Southport]]
File:Cedar point raptor1.jpg|A [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] inverted coaster, [[Raptor (Cedar Point)|Raptor]] at [[Cedar Point]]
File:PKI-Rugrat's Runaway Reptar.jpg|A [[Vekoma]] family inverted coaster, [[Flying Ace Aerial Chase]] at [[Kings Island]]
File:The Flash Vertical Velocity SFGAm Front Tower.jpg|An [[Intamin]] launched shuttle inverted coaster, [[The Flash: Vertical Velocity (Six Flags Great America)|The Flash: Vertical Velocity]] at [[Six Flags Great America]]
File:SFA-Two Face.jpg|A former [[Vekoma]] shuttle inverted coaster, [[Two Face: The Flip Side]] at [[Six Flags America]]
File:Thunderhawk06.png|A [[Vekoma]] inverted coaster, [[Thunderhawk (Michigan's Adventure)|Thunderhawk]] while at [[Geauga Lake's Wildwater Kingdom|Geauga Lake]]
File:Storm the Dragon Legend.jpg|A [[Gerstlauer]] infinity inverted coaster, Storm - The Dragon Legend at [[Tusenfryd]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Wing Coaster]]
* [[Suspended roller coaster]]
* [[Pipeline roller coaster]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Inverted roller coasters}}
* [http://www.bolliger-mabillard.com/ Bolliger & Mabillard official site]
* [http://www.intaminworldwide.com/ Intamin official site]
* [http://www.vekoma.com/ Vekoma official site]

{{Rollercoaster tracks}}

[[Category:Inverted roller coasters| ]]
[[Category:Types of roller coaster]]
[[Category:Roller coasters manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard]]
[[Category:Roller coasters manufactured by Vekoma]]
[[Category:Roller coasters manufactured by Intamin]]