Editing Ironbridge

{{Short description|Village in Shropshire, England}}
{{About|the village in Shropshire|the iron structure|The Iron Bridge|other uses|Iron Bridge (disambiguation){{!}}Iron Bridge}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox UK place
|country                  = England
|official_name            = Ironbridge
|coordinates              = {{coord|52.6277|-2.485|display=it|format=dms}}
|civil_parish             = [[Ironbridge Gorge#The Gorge parish|The Gorge]]
|london_distance_mi       = 126
|london_direction         = SE
|population               = 2,582
|population_ref           = (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13690380&c=Ironbridge&d=14&e=62&g=6386536&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1448638031156&enc=1|title=Civil Parish population 2011|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref>
|unitary_england          = [[Telford and Wrekin]]
|lieutenancy_england      = [[Shropshire]]
|region                   = West Midlands
|constituency_westminster = [[Telford (UK Parliament constituency)|Telford]]
|post_town                = TELFORD
|postcode_district        = TF8
|postcode_area            = TF
|dial_code                = 01952
|os_grid_reference        = SJ6724903350
|static_image_name        = Ironbridge.JPG
|static_image_caption     = Ironbridge, seen from the [[The Iron Bridge|Iron Bridge]]
}}

'''Ironbridge''' is a riverside village in the borough of [[Telford and Wrekin]], [[Shropshire]], England. Located on the bank of the [[River Severn]], at the heart of the [[Ironbridge Gorge]], it lies in the [[civil parishes in England|civil parish]] of [[Ironbridge Gorge#The Gorge parish|The Gorge]]. Ironbridge developed beside, and takes its name from, [[the Iron Bridge]], a {{convert|100|ft|adj=on}} [[cast iron]] bridge that was built in 1779.

==History==
The area around Ironbridge is described by those promoting it as a tourist destination as the "birthplace of the [[Industrial Revolution]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ironbridge.org.uk/our-story/the-iron-bridge/|title = The Iron Bridge}}</ref> This description is based on the idea that [[Abraham Darby I|Abraham Darby]] perfected the technique of [[smelting]] iron with [[Coke (fuel)|coke]], in [[Coalbrookdale]], allowing much cheaper [[Iron making|production of iron]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} However, the industrial revolution did not begin in any one place. Darby's iron smelting was but one small part of this generalised revolution and was soon superseded by the great iron-smelting areas.  However, the bridge&nbsp;– being the first of its kind fabricated from cast iron, and one of the few which have survived to the present day&nbsp;– remains an important symbol representative of the dawn of the industrial age.{{citation needed|date=August 2011}}

The grandson of the first Abraham Darby, [[Abraham Darby III]], built the bridge&nbsp;– originally designed by [[Thomas Farnolls Pritchard]]&nbsp;– to link the two areas. Construction began in 1779, and the bridge opened on New Year's Day 1781.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/iron_bridge_01.shtml |title=The Iron Bridge – How was it Built? |publisher=BBC |access-date=14 April 2014 |last=de Haan |first=David |date=17 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/iron-bridge/ |title=The Iron Bridge |publisher=English Heritage |access-date=4 April 2014}}</ref> Soon afterwards the ancient [[Madeley, Shropshire|Madeley]] market was relocated to the new purpose-built square and [[Georgian era|Georgian]] Butter Cross. The former dispersed settlement of Madeley Wood gained a planned urban focus as Ironbridge, the commercial and administrative centre of the [[Coalbrookdale]] coalfield.

The Iron Bridge proprietors also built the [[Tontine]] Hotel to accommodate visitors to the new bridge and the industrial sites of the [[Severn Gorge]]. Across a square facing the hotel, stands Ironbridge's war memorial, which was erected in 1924. It is a bronze statue of a [[First World War]] soldier in marching order, sculpted by [[Arthur George Walker]], whose signature appears as does that of A.B. Burton, the foundry worker who erected it.<ref name=book>{{cite book|author=Peter Francis|title=Shropshire War Memorials, Sites of Remembrance|year=2013|publisher=YouCaxton Publications|pages=135–136|isbn=978-1-909644-11-3}}</ref>
On the hillside above the river are situated the stone-built 16th-century hunting lodge at Lincoln Hill, many 17th- and 18th-century workers' cottages, some imposing Georgian houses built by [[ironmaster]]s and mine and river barge owners, and many early [[Victorian era|Victorian]] villas built from the various coloured bricks and tiles of the locality.
[[File:View of Ironbridge.jpg|thumb|A view of the Iron Bridge in 2015 with its previous grey colour]]
St Luke's Church (1837) in simple [[Waterloo church|Commissioners' Gothic]] by Samuel Smith of [[Madeley, Shropshire|Madeley]], has [[stained glass]] by David Evans of [[Shrewsbury]]. Its design is unusual in that the sanctuary is at the west-end and the tower at the east, in reverse to the majority of churches. This is because the land at the west-end was unstable and unable to take the weight of a tower. The bells in the church tower were installed in 1920 as a memorial to parishioners who died in the First World War, and the external church clock was illuminated in memory of those who died in [[World War II|the Second]].<ref name=book/> The living was endowed as a rectory when the parish was created from Madeley in 1847, and is now a united benefice with Coalbrookdale and [[Little Wenlock]], in the [[Diocese of Hereford]].

The former [[Ironbridge and Broseley railway station]], on the Severn Valley line ([[Great Western Railway|GWR]]) from [[Hartlebury]] to Shrewsbury, was situated on the south side of the Iron Bridge until 1966. Ironbridge was the birthplace of [[England National Football Team]] captain [[Billy Wright (footballer born 1924)|Billy Wright]].

==Present day==
[[File:Iron Bridge east side in February 2019.jpg|thumbnail|left|300px|[[The Iron Bridge]] following the 2018 restoration]]
By the 19th century, Ironbridge had had many well-known visitors, including [[Benjamin Disraeli]],{{cn|date=March 2023}} but by the mid-20th century, the settlements and industries of the gorge were in decline. In 1986, though, Ironbridge became part of a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] (which covers the wider Ironbridge Gorge area) and has since become a major tourist attraction within Shropshire. Most industries in Ironbridge are now tourist-related; however, the [[Merrythought]] [[teddy bear]] company (established in 1930) is still manufacturing in Ironbridge and has a small museum there too. Amongst other things, the centre of Ironbridge is host to a post office, [[pharmacy]], various [[pub]]s, [[café]]s and many small independent shops.

Ironbridge was struck by [[1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak|an F1/T2 tornado]] on 23 November 1981, as part of the record-breaking nationwide tornado outbreak on that day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi|title = European Severe Weather Database}}</ref> On Thursday 10 July 2003 [[Elizabeth II|The Queen]] and the [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Duke of Edinburgh]] made a visit to Shropshire which included a visit to Ironbridge, and a walk over the bridge itself.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/features/2003/07/queen_visit.shtml|title=Royal visit timetable|date=9 July 2003|access-date=9 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050311115032/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/features/2003/07/queen_visit.shtml|archive-date=11 March 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref>

An annual [[Coracle]] [[Regatta]] is held in August on the [[River Severn]] at Ironbridge, along with many other events throughout the year. This is mainly because the coracle-making family of Rogers lived in Ironbridge for several generations. Just outside Ironbridge in Coalbrookdale is the [[Ironbridge Institute]], a partnership between the [[University of Birmingham]] and the [[Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust]] offering postgraduate and professional development in [[cultural heritage|heritage]].

==Flooding==
[[File:Flood barriers in Ironbridge.jpg|right|thumb|Barriers erected along the Wharfage]]

Ironbridge has an annually reoccurring problem of flooding from the [[River Severn]], as do many other parts of Shropshire. Flooding has previously caused much damage and disruption to the Wharfage, which accommodates both ''The Swan'' and ''White Hart'' pubs, and various private homes. Starting in February 2004, [[Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs|DEFRA]], in association with the [[Environment Agency]], implemented a portable barrier which is erected at times of floods. At its peak, the flood water has reached a depth of {{convert|1|m|ftin|spell=in}} against the barrier.

On 26 February 2020, after large amounts of rainfall brought by storms [[Storm Ciara|Ciara]] and [[Storm Dennis|Dennis]], the portable barrier was compromised; it required an evacuation of all residents from the wharfage.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hereford-worcester-51640880|title=Ironbridge evacuated|date=26 February 2020|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref> Ironbridge flooded again in February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flooding at Ironbridge museums for third year running |url=https://www.museumsassociation.org/museums-journal/news/2022/02/flooding-at-ironbridge-museums-for-third-year-running/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Museums Association |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Geraldine Kendall |date=24 February 2022 |title=Flooding at Ironbridge museums for third year running |url=https://www.museumsassociation.org/museums-journal/news/2022/02/flooding-at-ironbridge-museums-for-third-year-running/# |website=museumsassociation.org/}}</ref>

{{clear left}}

==Notable people==
[[File:BillyWrightStatue.jpg|140px|thumb|Statue of [[Billy Wright (footballer, born 1924)|Billy Wright]] outside [[Molineux stadium]]]]
*The Rogers Family (1778-2003), known for building and using [[coracles]] on the River Severn for generations<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Coracle Men |url=https://ironbridgecoracles.org/the-coracle-men/ |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=Ironbridge Coracle Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[Thomas Parker (inventor)|Thomas Parker]] (1843-1915), electrical engineer and inventor, had his last home at Severn House from 1908.<ref name=shropstar>{{cite news|title=Bright spark helped electrical revolution, Life and achievements of pioneer celebrated at special day|work=Shropshire Star|date=8 September 2015|page=16}}Report by Toby Neal, title refers to Thomas Parker day being held 10 October 2015, organised by Madeley Living History Group.</ref>
*[[George Sedgwick]] (1846–1934), a British trade union leader, born in Ironbridge.<ref>[http://www.nednewitt.com/whoswho/S.html The Who's Who of Radical Leicester by Ned Newitt] Retrieved 30 July 2018.</ref>
*[[Billy Wright (footballer, born 1924)|Billy Wright]] CBE (1924–1994), a footballer who played 490 games for [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolves]] and the first player to earn 100 international caps for [[England national football team|England]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/features/2003/09/billy_wright.shtml|publisher=BBC Shropshire|date=29 October 2014|title=The Ironbridge Rocket|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref>
*[[Roger Squires]] (1932-2023), a British crossword compiler<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/7652591/Meet-the-Telegraphs-cryptic-crossword-maestro.html|last=Howse|first=Christopher|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=30 April 2010|title=Meet the Telegraph's cryptic crossword maestro|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref> who lived in Ironbridge and holds the ''[[Guinness Book of Records]]'' title as the most prolific crossword compiler.<ref>[http://www.shropshirestar.com/2007/10/aces-two-millionth-brainteaser "Ace’s two millionth brainteaser"], ''[[Shropshire Star]]'', 1 October 2007</ref>
*[[Ian Blakemore]] (born 1965), cricketer;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/9425.html|title=Ian Blakemore|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref> left-handed batsman and left-arm slow bowler, played for [[Herefordshire County Cricket Club|Herefordshire]]
*[[Jay Blades]] MBE (born 1970), furniture restorer and television presenter, lived here early 2020s.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harvey |first1=Ian |title=MBE for Repair Shop presenter Jay Blades in Queen's Birthday Honours |url=https://www.shropshirestar.com/entertainment/showbiz/2021/06/11/mbe-for-repair-shop-presenter-jay-blades-in-queens-birthday-honours/ |access-date=13 June 2021 |work=www.shropshirestar.com |date=12 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Cancer (band)|Cancer]] (formed in 1988), a death/[[thrash metal]] band<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/u-k-death-metallers-cancer-to-reform-for-festival-appearances/|website=[[Blabbermouth.net]]|title=U.K. Death Metallers Cancer To Reform....|date=12 September 2013|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref> formed in Ironbridge, released 5 full-length albums

== The Ironbridge Gorge Museums ==
[[Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust|The Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust]] owns and operates 10 museums throughout the [[Ironbridge Gorge|Ironbridge Gorge World Heritage Site]]; they collectively tell the story of the [[Industrial Revolution]].

The museums include:
{{div col |colwidth=12em}}
* [[Blists Hill Victorian Town]]
* [[Coalport China Museum]]
* [[Tar Tunnel]]
* [[Jackfield Tile Museum]]
* [[Broseley Pipeworks]]
* The Iron Bridge Tollhouse
* [[Museum of the Gorge, Ironbridge|Museum of The Gorge]]
* [[Coalbrookdale Museum of Iron]]
* [[Darby Houses|The Darby Houses]]
* [[Enginuity]]
{{div col end}}


<gallery mode=packed>
File:The Old Furnace, Coalbrookdale - Corner View.jpg|The Old Furnace, [[Coalbrookdale]]
File:Jackfield Tile Museum Facade.jpg|Jackfield Tile Museum
File:Dale House.jpg|Dale House
File:Rosehill House.jpg|Rosehill House
File:Blists Hill Victorian Town Canal Street November 2021.jpg|Blists Hill Victorian Town
File:The Iron Bridge, Side View.jpg|The Iron Bridge 
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust]]
*[[The Iron Bridge]]
*[[Ironbridge power stations]]
*''[[Coalbrookdale by Night]]''
*[[Listed buildings in The Gorge]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Ironbridge}}
{{Wikivoyage|Ironbridge}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150202165051/http://www.loveshropshire.co.uk/about/ironbridge/ Guide to Ironbridge for visitors]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080509092238/http://www.visitironbridge.co.uk/ Official Tourism Guide to Ironbridge]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101108072649/http://www.ironbridgeguide.info/ Ironbridge Visitor Guide]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160809225700/http://www.ironbridge.co.uk/collections/archaeology/ Ironbridge Archaeology]
*[http://www.ironbridge-gorge.co.uk/ Ironbridge Pub Locations]
*[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/landslides/IronbridgeGorge.html Landslides in the Ironbridge Gorge by the British Geological Survey]

{{River Severn}}
{{Severn from Llandrinio to Ironbridge}}
{{Severn from Ironbridge to Bewdley}}
{{Shropshire}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Populated places on the River Severn]]
[[Category:Telford and Wrekin]]
[[Category:History of Shropshire]]
[[Category:Ironbridge Gorge]]
[[Category:Ironbridge]]
[[Category:The Gorge]]