Editing Jablonec nad Nisou

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Jablonec nad Nisou
| other_name              = 
| settlement_type         = [[Statutory city (Czech Republic)|Statutory city]]
<!-- images -->
| image_skyline           = Jablonec nad Nisou, Dolní náměstí.jpg
| image_caption           = Dolní Square
| image_flag              = Jablonec-vlajka.svg
| image_shield            = Jablonec-znak.svg
| image_blank_emblem      = Jablonec nad Nisou Logo Green RGB.png
| blank_emblem_type       = [[Wordmark]]
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{CZE}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Liberec Region|Liberec]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Jablonec nad Nisou District|Jablonec nad Nisou]]
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             = 
| pushpin_map             = Czech Republic
| pushpin_relief          = 1
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in the Czech Republic
| coordinates             = {{coord|50|43|28|N|15|10|5|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Miloš Vele
| leader_party            = {{polparty|Czech Republic|ODS}}
<!-- established -->
| established_title       = First mentioned
| established_date        = 1356
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = 31.38
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 475
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of        = 2025-01-01
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{cite web|title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2025|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/population-of-municipalities-t4l3n8d2iw|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2025-05-16}}</ref>
| population_total        = 46209
| population_density_km2  = auto
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 466 01
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website                 = {{URL|https://www.mestojablonec.cz/}}
| footnotes               = 
}}
'''Jablonec nad Nisou''' ({{IPA|cs|ˈjablonɛts ˈnad ɲɪsou||Cs Jablonec nad Nisou.ogg}}; {{langx|de|Gablonz an der Neiße}}) is a city in the [[Liberec Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 46,000 inhabitants. It is the second-largest city in the region. It is a local centre for education, and is known for its [[glass]] and [[jewelry]] production, especially for [[Bijou (jewellery)|bijou]]. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an [[Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument zones|urban monument zone]].

==Administrative division==
Jablonec nad Nisou consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):<ref>{{cite web |title=Public Census 2021 – basic data|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4690&katalog=33475&pvo=SLD21043-CO|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2022}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*Jablonec nad Nisou (25,274)
*Jablonecké Paseky (2,550)
*Kokonín (1,985)
*Lukášov (272)
*Mšeno nad Nisou (8,428)
*Proseč nad Nisou (2,056)
*Rýnovice (2,540)
*Vrkoslavice (1,381)
{{div col end}}

==Etymology==
The name ''Jablonec'' is of [[Czech language|Czech]] origin and means 'little apple tree' (''jablonče'' was a diminutive of the old Czech ''jabloň'' – 'apple tree'), for the village was founded on a place where an apple tree grew. German-speaking settlers who came to the village during the 16th century adjusted the name to ''Gablonz''. During the 19th century, the attribute "German" was often added to the name (like in the 1848 {{lang|cs|Jablonec německý}}, German: ''Deutsch-Gablonz''). In 1904, the official attribute in both Czech and German became 'on the Neisse', which described the location of the city upon the [[Lusatian Neisse]] River.<ref name=jmena>{{cite book|last1=Lutterer|first1=Ivan|last2=Majtán|first2=Milan|last3=Šrámek|first3=Rudolf|title=Zeměpisná jména Československa|date=1982|publisher=Mladá fronta|location=Prague|page=129|language=cs}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Mseno hraz zapad.jpg|thumb|Jablonec nad Nisou as viewed across the Mšeno Reservoir]]
Jablonec nad Nisou is located about {{convert|7|km|0|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Liberec]] and {{convert|83|km|abbr=on}} northeast of [[Prague]]. Most of the built-up area lies in the eastern tip of the [[Zittau Basin]], and it is surrounded with the [[Jizera Mountains]] in the north, east and south. The northern part of the municipal territory also belongs into the Jizera Mountains Protected Landscape Area. The highest point of Jablonec nad Nisou is located on the slopes in the southeastern part of the territory, with an altitude of {{convert|758|m|ft|abbr=on}}.

Jablonec nad Nisou is situated at the confluence of the rivers [[Lusatian Neisse]] and Bílá Nisa. The [[Mohelka]] River originates in Jablonec nad Nisou-Kokonín. The Mšeno Reservoir in the city belongs to the largest inner city areas in Europe. It was built in 1906–1909 and has an area of around {{cvt|42|ha|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Přehrada Mšeno v Jablonci nad Nisou|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/jablonecka-prehrada-mseno|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2022-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Přehrada Mšeno|url=https://mseno-jablonec.ceskehory.cz/|publisher=Ceskehory.cz|language=cs|access-date=2022-11-06}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Altkatholische Kirche Gablonz Jablonec.jpg|thumb|[[Old Catholic]] parish church]]
The first written mention of Jablonec was in a Latin document from 1356 as ''Jablonecz''. According to this document, Jablonec was founded in the 14th century. In August 1469, the village was burned to the ground by troops of rebelling [[Lusatia]]ns in the war between them and King [[George of Poděbrady]]. The village was then resettled in the 1530s and 1540s by mostly German-speaking colonists.<ref name=jmena/><ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Z Jablonce do Neugablonz aneb Jak si tisíce sudetských Němců postavilo nový domov|url=https://www.mestojablonec.cz/cs/mesto/historie-1/|publisher=City of Jablonec nad Nisou|language=cs|access-date=2023-04-04}}</ref>

In the first half of the 17th century, Jablonec was owned by [[Albrecht von Wallenstein]], who sold it to the [[Desfours family]]. In 1643, during the [[Thirty Years' War]], Jablonec was burned down for the second time. Glass production began to flourish in the second half of the 17th century and Jablonec began to develop rapidly. In the 18th century, the first [[Bijou (jewellery)|bijou]] was produced and the first exporter, J. F. Schwann, spread the villages's name throughout Europe. Jablonec was promoted to a [[Městys|market town]] by Emperor [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]] on 21 April 1808.<ref name=history/>

Further development followed the construction of the road in the 1840s. Jablonec was then promoted to a town by Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph I]] on 28 March 1866. [[Franco-Prussian War]] in 1870–1871 damaged competitors in the production of glass and jewelry, and the Jablonec traders seized the foreign markets. A steady supply of a wide range of glass and artificial jewellery products flowed out of the town. This industrial advancement also improved the quality of life, and Jablonec's appearance changed dramatically.<ref name=history/>

Historian Peter Hinks, writing about the various types of Late Victorian jewellery sold by British and American companies at the turn of the 20th century, noted that "The Bohemian [[garnet]] jewellery sold by Moore and Evans [in Chicago] was the product of an industry based in the town of Gablonz, now Jablonec. These very effective jewels were set with locally mined garnets, rose cut and set in gold mounts of very formal design."<ref>{{cite book |first=Peter|last=Hinks|title=Victorian Jewellery|chapter=Introduction|publisher=Studio Editions|location=London|year=1991|isbn=9781851706396}}</ref>

However, the worldwide economic crisis resulting from the [[Wall Street crash of 1929]] damaged the glass and jewellery industry and the crisis of the 1930s. Changing trends and the growth of foreign competition also hurt the local industry. In October 1938, Jablonec was annexed to [[Nazi Germany]] after the [[Munich Agreement]], and was administered as a part of [[Reichsgau Sudetenland]] until 1945.<ref name=history/>

Between 1945 and 1949, most of the Germans were [[Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia|expelled]] under the terms of [[Beneš decrees]]. After the war, the expelled German-speaking citizens of Jablonec founded a new settlement in [[Bavaria]] and called in remembrance of their hometown ''Neugablonz'' ("New Jablonec"). Today, it is one of the districts of the city of [[Kaufbeuren]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Z Jablonce do Neugablonz aneb Jak si tisíce sudetských Němců postavilo nový domov|url=https://plus.rozhlas.cz/z-jablonce-do-neugablonz-aneb-jak-si-tisice-sudetskych-nemcu-postavilo-novy-8927004|publisher=[[Czech Radio]]|language=cs|date=2023-02-15|access-date=2023-04-04}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations
|align=none|cols=3
|1869|12785
|1880|15644
|1890|22911
|1900|32087
|1910|43331
|1921|39147
|1930|50203
|1950|32749
|1961|36116
|1970|36679
|1980|42179
|1991|45937
|2001|45266
|2011|44567
|2021|44486
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}

==Economy==
Jablonec nad Nisou holds the [[Czech Mint]] after [[Czechoslovakia]] split into the Czech Republic and [[Slovakia]] (the Czechoslovak mint, also known as the [[Kremnica Mint]], is now in Slovakia).

The city has a long tradition of [[costume jewelry]] and [[bead]]s production.

The biggest industrial employers with headquarters in the city are [[Preciosa (corporation)|Preciosa]] (glass products manufacturer) are [[TI Fluid Systems|TI Automotive AC]] (production of car air conditioners).<ref>{{cite web |title=Registr ekonomických subjektů|url=https://csu.gov.cz/registr_ekonomickych_subjektu|work=Business Register|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|access-date=2024-10-20}}</ref>

The [[Liberec-Jablonec agglomeration]] was defined as a tool for drawing money from the [[European Structural and Investment Funds]]. It is an area that includes the cities of Liberec and Jablonec nad Nisou and their surroundings, linked to the cities by commuting and migration. It has about 227,000 inhabitants.

==Transport==
Jablonec nad Nisou shares the [[Tramway line between Liberec and Jablonec|tramway line]] which connects it to its neighbouring city of [[Liberec]].

The city is located on the railway line from [[Liberec railway station|Liberec]] to [[Szklarska Poręba]]. The territory is served by four stations and stops.

==Sport==
Jablonec has a swimming pool, three [[Association football|football]] and athletic stadiums, and an [[ice hockey]] arena.

The city is represented by [[FK Jablonec]] in the [[Czech First League]]. The club has been a stable member of the league since 1994.

Before the World War II, a number of ethnic German football clubs existed in Gablonz, ''Fortuna'', ''DSK'' and ''BSK''. These were merged into ''NSTG Gablonz'' in 1939 by the Nazis, ''NSTG'' standing for ''Nationalsozialistische Turngemeinde''. ''NSTG'' played in the [[Gauliga Sudetenland]] but disappeared with the end of the war.<ref>Grüne, Hardy (2001). Vereinslexikon. Kassel: AGON Sportverlag {{ISBN|3-89784-147-9}}</ref> ''BSK'' however was reformed in 1950 in Bavaria, under the name of [[BSK Olympia Neugablonz|BSK Neugablonz]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bsk-olympia.de/index.php?pg=historie.php|title=Historie – Chronik des BSK Olympia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718203947/http://www.bsk-olympia.de/index.php?pg=historie.php|publisher=BSK Neugablonz|language=de|date=2011-07-18|archive-date=2011-07-18}}</ref>

==Sights==
[[File:Jizerske-hory-013.jpg|thumb|Mírové Square with the New Town Hall (left)]]
The historical city centre is formed by squares Dolní, Mírové, Horní, and Anenské, which lies close to each other, and their surroundings. The Old Town Hall with a typical square tower was built on Dolní Square in 1867–1869. Today it serves as a library.<ref name=sights>{{cite web |title=Places of Interest|url=https://www.mestojablonec.cz/en/town-of-jablonec-nad-nisou/places-of-interest.html|publisher=City of Jablonec nad Nisou|access-date=2021-08-11}}</ref>

The current city hall is called New Town Hall and is located on Mírové Square. It is a [[Functionalism (architecture)|functionalistic]] building, built in 1930–1933. It is an excellent example of interwar modern architecture. For its value, it has been protected as a [[Cultural monument (Czech Republic)|national cultural monument]] since 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nová radnice|url=https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/nova-radnice-15862554|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-03-27}}</ref>

There are several churches in the city: Church of Saint Anne (built in the Baroque style in 1865–1867), Church of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus (a brick building, built 1930–1931), Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (built in the [[Art Nouveau]] style in 1900–1902; one of the most important sacral Art Nouveau buildings in Europe), and Protestant Dr. Farský Church (a [[Gothic Revival architecture|pseudo-Gothic]] building from 1892).<ref name=sights/>

The tradition of costume jewellery production is presented in the Museum of Glass and Costume Jewellery. It was founded in 1904 and it is located in an Art Nouveau building.<ref name=sights/>

==Notable people==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Adolf Benda]] (1845–1878), historian
*[[Gustav Leutelt]] (1860–1947), writer and poet
*[[Reinhold Hanisch]] (1882–1937), business partner of [[Adolf Hitler]] in Vienna, 1910
*[[Konrad Henlein]] (1898–1945), Nazi politician
*[[Peter Herman Adler]] (1899–1990), conductor
*[[Ute de Lange Nilsen]] (1931–2024), Czech-Norwegian artist
*[[Jiří Moskal]] (born 1949), [[rally raid]] driver
*[[Ivan Bartoš]] (born 1980), politician
*[[Jakub Čutta]] (born 1981), ice hockey player
*[[Barbora Špotáková]] (born 1981), javelin thrower
*[[Radka Vodičková]] (born 1984), triathlete
*[[Daniel Špaček]] (born 1986), ice hockey player
*[[Gabriela Koukalová]] (born 1989), biathlete
*[[Jessica Jislová]] (born 1994), biathlete
*[[Markéta Davidová]] (born 1997), biathlete
{{div col end}}

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}}
Jablonec nad Nisou is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerská města|url=https://www.mestojablonec.cz/cs/mesto/partnerska-mesta/|publisher=City of Jablonec nad Nisou|language=cs|access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Bautzen]], Germany
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Beihai]], China
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Jelenia Góra]], Poland
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Kaufbeuren]], Germany
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Marsciano]], Italy
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Ronse]], Belgium
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Zwickau]], Germany
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Jablonec nad Nisou}}
*{{official|https://www.mestojablonec.cz/}}
*[https://www.jablonec.com/ Official tourist portal]
*[http://www.gablonz.de Old postcards] {{in lang|de}}

{{Jablonec nad Nisou District}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jablonec Nad Nisou}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Populated places in Jablonec nad Nisou District]]