Editing Jan Garbarek

{{short description|Norwegian jazz saxophonist (born 1947)}}
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->
| name            = Jan Garbarek
| image           = Jan Garbarek Operaen Oslo Jazzfestival (185843).jpg
| caption         = Jan Garbarek in Oslo in 2016
| background      = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_name      = 
| birth_date      =  {{birth date and age|1947|3|4|df=y}}
| birth_place     =  [[Mysen]], [[Østfold]], [[Norway]]
| origin = [[Oslo]], [[Norway]]
| genre = [[Jazz]], [[classical music|classical]], [[world music|world]]
| occupation = Musician
| instrument = Saxophone
| years_active = 1966–present
| label = [[ECM Records|ECM]], [[Flying Dutchman Records|Flying Dutchman]] 
| associated_acts = [[George Russell (composer)|George Russell]], [[Terje Rypdal]], [[Bobo Stenson]], [[Keith Jarrett]], [[Ralph Towner]], [[Eberhard Weber]], [[Bill Frisell]], [[David Torn]], [[Gary Peacock]], [[Hilliard Ensemble]]
| website = www.garbarek.com (No longer available)
}}
'''Jan Garbarek''' ({{IPA|no|ˈjɑːn ɡɑɾˈbɑ̀ːɾək}}) (born 4 March 1947)<ref name="New Grove">{{cite book|last=Hultin|first=Randi|title=The new Grove dictionary of jazz, vol. 2|year=2002|publisher=Grove's Dictionaries Inc.|location=New York|isbn=1561592846|edition=2nd|editor=Barry Kernfeld|pages=11–12|chapter=Garbarek, Jan}}</ref> is a Norwegian [[jazz]] saxophonist, who is also active in [[classical music]] and [[world music]].

Garbarek was born in [[Mysen]], [[Østfold]], southeastern [[Norway]], the only child of a former Polish prisoner of war, Czesław Garbarek, and a Norwegian woman, [[Kari Nordbø]]. He grew up in [[Oslo]], stateless until the age of seven, as there was no automatic grant of citizenship in Norway at the time. When he was 21, he married the author Vigdis Garbarek. He is the father of musician and composer [[Anja Garbarek]].<ref name="Allmusic Bio">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jan-garbarek-mn0000809334/biography|title=Jan Garbarek &#124; Biography & History|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=11 October 2019}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Garbarek's style incorporates a sharp-edged tone, long, keening, sustained notes, and generous use of silence.<ref name="Larkin">{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]|editor=Colin Larkin|editor-link=Colin Larkin (writer)|publisher=[[Virgin Books]]|date=1997|edition=Concise|isbn=1-85227-745-9|pages=505/6}}</ref> He began his recording career in the late 1960s, notably featuring on recordings by the American jazz composer [[George Russell (composer)|George Russell]] (such as ''[[Electronic Sonata for Souls Loved by Nature]]''). By 1973 he had turned his back on the harsh dissonances of [[avant-garde jazz]], retaining only his tone from his previous approach.  Garbarek gained wider recognition through his work with pianist [[Keith Jarrett]]'s European Quartet which released the albums ''[[Belonging (album)|Belonging]]'' (1974), ''[[My Song (Keith Jarrett album)|My Song]]'' (1977), and the live recordings ''[[Personal Mountains]]'' (1979), and ''[[Nude Ants]]'' (1979).<ref name="Allmusic Bio"/> He was also a featured soloist on Jarrett's orchestral works ''[[Luminessence (album)|Luminessence]]'' (1974) and ''[[Arbour Zena]]'' (1975).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jazzdisco.org/keith-jarrett/discography/|title=Keith Jarrett Discography|website=Jazzdisco.org|access-date=11 October 2019}}</ref>

As a composer, Garbarek tends to draw heavily from [[Scandinavia]]n folk melodies, a legacy of his [[Albert Ayler|Ayler]] influence. He is also a pioneer of ambient jazz composition, most notably on his 1976 album ''[[Dis (album)|Dis]]'' a collaboration with guitarist [[Ralph Towner]],<ref name="Larkin"/> that featured the distinctive sound of a [[Aeolian harp|wind harp]] on several tracks. This textural approach, which rejects traditional notions of thematic improvisation (best exemplified by [[Sonny Rollins]]) in favour of a style described by critics Richard Cook and Brian Morton as "sculptural in its impact", has been critically divisive. Garbarek's more meandering recordings are often labeled as [[new-age music]], or spiritual ancestors thereof. Other experiments have included setting a collection of poems of [[Olav H. Hauge]] to music, with a single saxophone complementing a full mixed choir; this has led to notable performances with [[Grex Vocalis]]. 

In the 1980s, Garbarek's music began to incorporate [[synthesizer]]s and elements of [[world music]]. He has collaborated with Indian and Pakistani musicians such as [[Trilok Gurtu]], [[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussain]], [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]], and [[Bade Fateh Ali Khan]].<ref name="Larkin"/>  Garbarek is credited for composing original music for the 2000 film ''[[Kippur]]''.

In 1994, during the heightened popularity of [[Gregorian chant]], his album ''[[Officium (album)|Officium]]'', a collaboration with [[early music]] vocal performers from the [[Hilliard Ensemble]], became one of ECM's biggest-selling albums of all time, reaching the pop charts in several European countries and was followed by a sequel, ''[[Mnemosyne (album)|Mnemosyne]]'', in 1999. ''[[Officium Novum]]'', another sequel album, was released in September 2010. In 2005, his album ''[[In Praise of Dreams]]'' was nominated for a [[Grammy Award]]. Garbarek's first live album ''[[Dresden (album)|Dresden]]'' was released in 2009.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Jan-Garbarek-1971.jpg|Jan Garbarek performing live at the 1971 edition of the [[Pori Jazz|Pori Jazz Festival]] in [[Finland]] with Nordic Big Band.
File:Jazz Van87 40003.jpg|Garbarek with [[Eberhard Weber]] and [[Naná Vasconcelos]] in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]] in 1987
File:JanGarbarek retouched.jpg|Garbarek performing live in 2007
</gallery>

== Awards and honors ==

* 1999: {{flagicon|Norway}} Knight 1st Class of the [[Order of St. Olav]]
* 2004: {{flagicon|Norway}} Norwegian Arts Council Award
* 2014: {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Willy Brandt]] Award<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.willy-brandt-stiftelsen.no/|title=Willy Brandt Stiftung - Willy Brandt stiftelsen|website=Willy-brandt-stiftelsen.no|access-date=11 October 2019}}</ref>

===Memberships===
Garbarek is foreign member of the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Music]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Ledamöter | website=Kungl. Musikaliska Akademien | url=https://www.musikaliskaakademien.se/omakademien/organisation/ledamoter.39.html | language=sv | access-date=12 November 2024}}</ref>

== Discography ==

=== As leader ===
{{div col}}
* 1967: ''Til Vigdis'' ([[Norsk Jazzforum|Norsk Jazzforbund]], 1967)
* 1969: ''[[Esoteric Circle]]'' ([[Flying Dutchman Records|Flying Dutchman]], 1971)
* 1970: ''[[Afric Pepperbird]]'' ([[ECM Records|ECM]], 1971)
* 1970: ''Hav'' with [[Jan Erik Vold]] ([[Philips Records|Philips]], 1971)
* 1971: ''[[Sart (album)|Sart]]'' with [[Terje Rypdal]] (ECM, 1971)
* 1972: ''[[Triptykon (album)|Triptykon]]'' (ECM, 1973)
* 1973: ''[[Witchi-Tai-To (album)|Witchi-Tai-To]]'' with [[Bobo Stenson]] (ECM, 1974)
* 1975: ''[[Dansere]]'' with Bobo Stenson (ECM, 1976)
* 1976: ''[[Dis (album)|Dis]]'' with [[Ralph Towner]] (ECM, 1977)
* 1977: ''[[Places (Jan Garbarek album)|Places]]'' with [[Bill Connors]] (ECM, 1978)
* 1978: ''[[Photo with Blue Sky, White Cloud, Wires, Windows and a Red Roof]]'' with Bill Connors (ECM, 1979)
* 1979: ''[[Aftenland]]'' with Kjell Johnsen (ECM, 1980)
* 1980: ''[[Eventyr]]'' with [[John Abercrombie (guitarist)|John Abercrombie]] and [[Naná Vasconcelos]] (ECM, 1981)
* 1981: ''[[Paths, Prints]]'' with [[Bill Frisell]] (ECM, 1982)
* 1983: ''[[Wayfarer (album)|Wayfarer]]'' with [[Bill Frisell]] and [[Eberhard Weber]] (ECM, 1983)
* 1984: ''[[It's OK to Listen to the Gray Voice]]'' with [[David Torn]] (ECM, 1985)
* 1986: ''[[All Those Born with Wings]]'' (ECM, 1987)
* 1988: ''[[Legend of the Seven Dreams]]'' with [[Rainer Brüninghaus]] (ECM, 1988) 
* 1989: ''{{Ill|Rosensfole|no}}'' with [[Agnes Buen Garnås]] (ECM, 1989)
* 1990: ''[[I Took Up the Runes]]'' (ECM, 1990)
* 1990: ''[[Ragas and Sagas]]'' with [[Bade Fateh Ali Khan|Ustad Fateh Ali Khan]] (ECM, 1992)
* 1991: ''[[StAR (album)|StAR]]'' with [[Miroslav Vitouš]] (ECM, 1991)
* 1992: ''Stemmer'' with Vigdis Garbarek (NRK, 1992)
* 1992: ''[[Madar (album)|Madar]]'' with [[Anouar Brahem]] and [[Shaukat Hussain]] (ECM, 1994)
* 1992: ''[[Twelve Moons]]'' (ECM, 1993)
* 1994: ''[[Officium (album)|Officium]]'' with [[Hilliard Ensemble|the Hilliard Ensemble]] (ECM, 1994) – live
* 1994: ''Trollsyn'' (TrollCD, 1994) – for promotion
* 1995: ''[[Visible World]]'' (ECM, 1996)
* 1998: ''[[Rites (album)|Rites]]'' (ECM, 1998)   
* 1998: ''[[Mnemosyne (album)|Mnemosyne]]'' with [[Hilliard Ensemble|the Hilliard Ensemble]] (ECM, 1999)
* 2003: ''[[In Praise of Dreams]]'' (ECM, 2004)
* 2003: ''[[Dresden (album)|Dresden]]'' (ECM, 2009) – live
* 2009: ''[[Officium Novum]]'' with [[Hilliard Ensemble|the Hilliard Ensemble]] (ECM, 2010) – live
* 2014: ''Remember Me, My Dear'' with the Hilliard Ensemble (ECM, 2019)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ecmrecords.com/product/remember-me-my-dear-jan-garbarek-the-hilliard-ensemble/ | title=Remember me, my dear }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

=== As sideman ===
{{div col}}
'''With [[Egberto Gismonti]]'''
* ''[[Sol Do Meio Dia]]'' (ECM, 1977)

'''With [[Charlie Haden]] and [[Egberto Gismonti]]'''
* ''[[Magico (album)|Magico]]'' (ECM, 1980)
* ''[[Folk Songs (Charlie Haden album)|Folk Songs]]'' (ECM, 1981)
* ''[[Magico: Carta de Amor]]'' (ECM, 2012)

'''With [[Keith Jarrett]]'''
* 1974: ''[[Belonging (album)|Belonging]]'' (ECM, 1974)
* 1974: ''[[Luminessence]]'' (ECM, 1975)
* 1975: ''[[Arbour Zena]]'' (ECM, 1976)
* 1977: ''[[My Song (Keith Jarrett album)|My Song]]'' (ECM, 1978)
* 1979: ''[[Personal Mountains]]'' (ECM, 1989)
* 1979: ''[[Sleeper (Keith Jarrett album)|Sleeper]]'' (ECM, 2012)
* 1979: ''[[Nude Ants]]'' (ECM, 1980)

'''With [[Eleni Karaindrou]]'''
* ''Music For Films'' (ECM, 1991)
* ''Concert in Athens'' (ECM, 2013)

'''With [[Karin Krog]]'''
* ''Jazz Moments'' (1966)
* ''Joy'' (1968)

'''With [[Gary Peacock]]'''
* ''[[December Poems]]'' (ECM, 1977)
* ''[[Voice from the Past - Paradigm]]'' (ECM, 1981)
* ''[[Guamba]]'' (ECM, 1987)

'''With [[Terje Rypdal]]'''
* ''Bleak House'' (Polydor, 1968)
* ''[[Terje Rypdal (album)|Terje Rypdal]]'' (ECM, 1971)

'''With [[George Russell (composer)|George Russell]]'''
* ''[[Electronic Sonata for Souls Loved by Nature]]'' (Flying Dutchman, 1969)
* ''[[Trip to Prillarguri]]'' (Soul Note, 1970)
* ''[[Listen to the Silence]]'' (Soul Note, 1971)  

'''With [[L. Shankar]]''' 
* ''[[Vision (Shankar album)|Vision]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Song for Everyone]]'' (1985)

'''With [[Ralph Towner]]'''
* ''[[Solstice (Ralph Towner album)|Solstice]]'' (ECM, 1975)
* ''[[Solstice/Sound and Shadows]]'' (ECM, 1977)

'''With [[Jan Erik Vold]]'''
* ''Hav'' (Philips, 1971)
* ''Ingentings Bjeller'' ([[Polydor Records|Polydor]], 1977)

'''With [[Miroslav Vitouš]]'''  
* ''[[Universal Syncopations]]'' (ECM, 2003)
* ''[[Atmos (album)|Atmos]]'' (ECM, 1992)

'''With [[Eberhard Weber]]'''
* ''[[Chorus (Eberhard Weber album)|Chorus]]'' (ECM, 1984)
* ''[[Stages of a Long Journey]]'' (ECM, 2007)
* ''[[Résumé (Eberhard Weber album)|Résumé]]'' (ECM, 2012)
* ''[[Hommage à Eberhard Weber]]'' (ECM, 2015)

'''With others'''
* [[Bill Connors]], ''[[Of Mist and Melting]]'' (ECM, 1977)
* [[David Darling (musician)|David Darling]], ''[[Cycles (David Darling album)|Cycles]]'' (ECM, 1981)
* [[Paul Giger]], ''[[Alpstein (album)|Alpstein]]'' (ECM, 1991)
* [[Trilok Gurtu]], ''Living Magic'' (1990)
* [[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussain]], ''[[Making Music (Zakir Hussain album)|Making Music]]'' with [[John McLaughlin (musician)|John McLaughlin]] and [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]] (ECM, 1986)
* [[Giya Kancheli]], ''Caris Mere'' (1995)
* [[Kim Kashkashian]], ''Monodia'' (ECM, 2004) – rec. 2002
* [[Manu Katché]], ''[[Neighbourhood (album)|Neighbourhood]]'' (ECM, 2005) – rec. 2004
* [[Art Lande]], ''[[Red Lanta]]'' (ECM, 1974) – rec. 1973
* [[Marilyn Mazur]], ''Elixir'' (ECM, 2008) – rec. 2005
* [[Kenny Wheeler]], ''[[Deer Wan]]'' (ECM, 1978) – rec. 1977
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Portal|Norway|Biography|Society|Jazz}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20240719223629/https://www.garbarek.com/ Jan Garbarek WebSite from Web Archive]
*[https://ecmrecords.com/artists/jan-garbarek/ Jan Garbarek on ECM Records]
*{{IMDb name|id=0304912|name=Jan Garbarek}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927224445/http://www.mixtape.gr/t.asp?sec=1&sub=3&uid=57 Jan Garbarek Group @ Theatre Lycabettus concert review, Greece]
* {{YouTube|Vd7ChpLcdnw|Jan Garbarek – Places (Reissued on 180g Vinyl): ECM Records}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Jon Christensen (musician)|Jon Christensen]]}}
{{s-ttl | title = Recipient of the [[Buddyprisen]] | years = 1968 }}
{{s-aft | after = [[Arild Andersen]]}}
{{s-bef | before = First award in 1982}}
{{s-ttl | title = Recipient of the [[Gammleng-prisen]] | years = 1982 }}
{{s-aft | after = [[Karin Krog]]}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Jon Fosse]]}}
{{s-ttl | title = Recipient of the [[Norsk kulturråds ærespris]] | years = 2004 }}
{{s-aft | after = [[Agnes Buen Garnås]]}}
{{end}}
{{Jan Garbarek}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Garbarek, Jan}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Eidsberg]]
[[Category:Avant-garde jazz musicians]]
[[Category:Spellemannprisen winners]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music]]
[[Category:Norwegian people of Polish descent]]
[[Category:Freedom Records artists]]
[[Category:ECM Records artists]]
[[Category:20th-century Norwegian saxophonists]]
[[Category:21st-century Norwegian saxophonists]]
[[Category:Norwegian jazz saxophonists]]
[[Category:Norwegian jazz composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Norwegian male musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Norwegian male musicians]]