Editing Joanna Russ

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Short description|American writer and academic (1937–2011)}}
{{Infobox writer
| name          = Joanna Russ
| image         = Joanna Russ obit.jpg
| caption       = Russ in 1984. Portrait by Ileen Weber.
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1937|2|22}}
| birth_place   = [[New York City]], U.S.
| death_date    = {{death date and age|2011|04|29|1937|2|22}}
| death_place   = [[Tucson, Arizona]], U.S.
| occupation    = Academic, [[ feminism| feminist]], fiction writer
| education     = [[Cornell University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[Yale University]] ([[Master of Fine Arts|MFA]])
| genre         = [[Feminist science fiction]], [[fantasy]]
| subject       = [[Feminist literary criticism]]
| notableworks  = "[[When It Changed]]", ''[[The Female Man]]'', ''[[How to Suppress Women's Writing]]'', ''[[To Write Like a Woman]]''
| awards        =  <!-- needs selection --> [[Hugo Award]], [[Nebula Award]], two [[James Tiptree, Jr. Award]]s, [[Locus Award]], [[Gaylactic Spectrum Awards|Gaylactic Spectrum Award]], [[Pilgrim Award]], [[Florence Howe award]] of the [[women's caucus of the MLA]]
}}
'''Joanna Russ''' (February 22, 1937 – April 29, 2011) was an American writer, academic and [[feminist]]. She is the author of a number of works of [[science fiction]], [[fantasy]] and [[feminist literary criticism]] such as ''[[How to Suppress Women's Writing]]'', as well as a contemporary novel, ''[[On Strike Against God]]'', and one children's book, ''Kittatinny''. She is best known for ''[[The Female Man]]'', a novel combining [[utopian novel|utopian fiction]] and satire, and the story "[[When It Changed]]".

==Background==
Joanna Russ was born in [[The Bronx]], New York City,{{sfnp|Russ|1989|p=236}} to Evarett I. and Bertha (née Zinner) Russ, both teachers. Her family was Jewish.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/books/uw-professor-joanna-russ-with-ursula-k-le-guin-and-others-brought-feminist-bent-to-science-fiction/ |title=UW professor Joanna Russ, with Ursula K. Le Guin and others, brought feminist bent to science fiction |date=October 18, 2019 |publisher=The Seattle Times |access-date=2019-10-22}}</ref> She began creating works of fiction at a very early age. Over the following years she filled countless notebooks with stories, poems, comics and illustrations, often hand-binding the material with thread.<ref>{{cite web|title=PCL MS-7: Joanna Russ Collection|url=http://www.bgsu.edu/colleges/library/pcl/pclms7.html|work=Browne Popular Culture Library|access-date=March 20, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113050534/http://www.bgsu.edu/colleges/library/pcl/pclms7.html|archive-date=January 13, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

As a senior at [[William Howard Taft High School (New York City)|William Howard Taft High School]], Russ was selected as one of the top ten [[Intel Science Talent Search|Westinghouse Science Talent Search]] winners.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/553/000029466/ |title=Joanna Russ |publisher=NNDB |access-date=March 15, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://student.societyforscience.org/science-talent-search-1953 |title=Science Talent Search 1953 |publisher=Society for Science & the Public |access-date=September 28, 2015 |archive-date=June 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624035343/https://student.societyforscience.org/science-talent-search-1953 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She graduated from [[Cornell University]], where she studied with [[Vladimir Nabokov]],{{sfnp|Delany|2005|p=vi}} in 1957, and received her [[Master of Fine Arts|MFA]] from the Yale Drama School in 1960. She was briefly married to Albert Amateau. 

Russ taught at [[Queensborough Community College]] from 1966 to 1967, at Cornell from 1967 to 1972, [[Binghamton University|SUNY Binghamton]], from 1972 to 1975, and at the [[University of Colorado Boulder|University of Colorado, Boulder]], from 1975 to 1977.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russ, Joanna, 1937-2011 - Social Networks and Archival Context|url=https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bk3pc4|access-date=2021-12-08|website=snaccooperative.org}}</ref> In 1977 she started teaching at the [[University of Washington]].<ref name="nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu">{{cite web|title=Guide to the Joanna Russ Papers, 1968–1989|url=http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv52000|access-date=March 20, 2011|work=Northwest Digital Archives}}</ref> She became a full professor in 1984 and retired in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|title=In Memoriam - Joanna Russ: English Matters—Spring 2012|url=https://depts.washington.edu/engl/newsletter/2012-2/russ.php|access-date=2021-12-08|website=depts.washington.edu}}</ref> Russ was awarded a [[National Endowment for the Humanities]] fellowship in 1974-1975.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Priest |first=Christopher |date=2011-05-12 |title=Joanna Russ obituary |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/may/12/joanna-russ-obituary |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref>

==Science fiction and other writing==
Russ came to be noticed in the science fiction world in the late 1960s,<ref name="scificulture">{{harvp|Bacon-Smith|2000|p=95}}</ref> in particular for her award-nominated novel ''[[Picnic on Paradise]]''.<ref name=sfadb/> At the time, SF was a field dominated by male authors, writing for a predominantly male audience, but women were starting to enter the field in larger numbers.<ref name="scificulture" /> Russ was one of the most outspoken female authors to challenge male dominance of the field, and is generally regarded as one of the leading [[feminist science fiction]] scholars and writers.<ref name="scificulture" /> She was also one of the first major science fiction writers to take [[slash fiction]] and its cultural and literary implications seriously.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Popular Romance Studies |volume=1 |url=http://jprstudies.org/2011/03/interview-joanna-russ/ |author1=Francis, Conseula  |author2=Piepmeier, Alison |title=Interview: Joanna Russ |issue=2 |date=March 31, 2011 |access-date=March 15, 2013 }}</ref> She published over fifty short stories. Russ was associated with the [[New Wave science fiction|American New Wave]] of science fiction.<ref name="scholes-rabkin">{{cite book | first1=Robert | last1=Scholes| author-link1= Robert Scholes| first2 = Eric S.| last2 = Rabkin|title=Science Fiction: History, Science, Vision| chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/sciencefictionhi00scho | chapter-url-access=registration | publisher=Oxford University Press| location=London|date=1977|page=[https://archive.org/details/sciencefictionhi00scho/page/93 93] | chapter = A Brief Literary History of Science Fiction | isbn=978-0-19-502174-5}}</ref>

Along with her work as a writer of prose fiction, Russ was also a playwright, essayist, and author of nonfiction works, generally literary criticism and feminist theory, including the essay collection ''Magic Mommas, Trembling Sisters, Puritans & Perverts''; ''[[How to Suppress Women's Writing]]''; and the book-length study of modern feminism, ''[[What Are We Fighting For?]]''. Her essays and articles have been published in ''[[Women's Studies Quarterly]]'', ''[[Signs (journal)|Signs]]'', ''Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies'', ''[[Science Fiction Studies]]'', and ''[[College English]]''. Russ was a self-described [[socialist feminism|socialist feminist]], expressing particular admiration for the work and theories of [[Clara Fraser]] and her [[Freedom Socialist Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.redletterpress.org/Joanna_Russ_introduction.pdf |title=Revolution, She Wrote: Introduction |access-date=March 15, 2013 }}</ref> Both fiction and nonfiction, for Russ, were modes of engaging theory with the real world; in particular, ''[[The Female Man]]'' can be read as a theoretical or narrative text. The short story "[[When It Changed]]", which became a part of the novel, explores the constraints of gender and asks if gender is necessary in a society.

Russ's writing is characterized by anger interspersed with humor and irony. [[Alice Sheldon|James Tiptree Jr]], in a letter to her, wrote, "Do you imagine that anyone with half a functional neuron can read your work and not have his fingers smoked by the bitter, multi-layered anger in it? It smells and smoulders like a volcano buried so long and deadly it is just beginning to wonder if it can explode."<ref name="nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu"/> In a letter to Susan Koppelman, Russ asks of a young feminist critic "where is her anger?" and adds "I think from now on, I will not trust anyone who isn't angry."{{sfnp|Russ|1995|p=175}}

For nearly 15 years she was an influential (if intermittent) review columnist for ''[[The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction]]''.<ref name="James, Edward 2009"/> Though by then she was no longer an active member of [[science fiction fandom]], she was interviewed by phone during [[Wiscon]] (the feminist [[science fiction convention]] in [[Madison, Wisconsin]]) in 2006 by her friend and member of the same [[New_Wave_(science_fiction)|cohort]], [[Samuel R. Delany]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.broaduniverse.org/broadsheet-archive/the-legendary-joanna-russ-interviewed-by-samuel-r-delany-february-2007-bs-t-0702jrsrd |title=The Legendary Joanna Russ Interviewed by Samuel R. Delany |work=Broadsheet |publisher=Broaduniverse.org |date=February 2007 |access-date=March 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324075414/http://www.broaduniverse.org/broadsheet-archive/the-legendary-joanna-russ-interviewed-by-samuel-r-delany-february-2007-bs-t-0702jrsrd |archive-date=March 24, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Her first SF story was "Nor Custom Stale" in F&SF (1959). Notable short works include Hugo winner and Nebula Award finalist "[[Souls (story)|Souls]]" (1982), Nebula Award and Tiptree Award winner "[[When It Changed]]" (1972), Nebula Award finalists "The Second Inquisition" (1970), "Poor Man, Beggar Man" (1971), "The Extraordinary Voyages of Amélie Bertrand" (1979), and "The Mystery of the Young Gentlemen" (1982).<ref name=locus>{{cite web |publisher=[[Locus Publications]] |url=http://www.locusmag.com/News/2011/04/joanna-russ-1937-2011/ |title=Joanna Russ (1937–2011) |work=Locus Online News |date=April 29, 2011 |access-date=March 15, 2013 }}</ref> Her fiction has been nominated for nine Nebula and three Hugo Awards, and her genre-related scholarly work was recognized with a [[Pilgrim Award]] in 1988.<ref name=sfadb/> Her story "The Autobiography of My Mother" was one of the 1977 [[O. Henry Award|O. Henry Prize]] stories.<ref name="sfwa">[http://www.sfwa.org/2011/04/in-memoriam-joanna-russ-1937-2011 "In Memoriam: Joanna Russ (1937–2011)"]. [[Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America]]. April 29, 2011.</ref>

She wrote several contributions to feminist thinking about [[pornography]] and sexuality, including "Pornography by Women, for Women, with Love" (1985),<ref>{{Cite web|title = Pornography by Women, For Women, With Love – Fanlore|url = http://fanlore.org/wiki/Pornography_by_Women,_For_Women,_With_Love|publisher= [[Fanlore]] |access-date = December 8, 2015}}</ref> "Pornography and the Doubleness of Sex for Women",<ref>{{Cite web|title = Pornography and the doubleness of sex for women by Joanna Russ|url = http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC32folder/JoannaRussDoubSex.html|website = www.ejumpcut.org|access-date = December 8, 2015}}</ref> and "Being Against Pornography",<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|url = http://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv52000/op=fstyle.aspx?t=k&q=russ|title = Being Against Pornography|last = Russ|first = Joanna|date = n.d.|journal = University of Oregon Special Collections|issue = Box 13, Folder 6}}</ref> which can be found in her archival pieces located in the [[University of Oregon Special Collections & University Archives|University of Oregon's Special Collections]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Archives West: Joanna Russ papers, 1968–1989|url = http://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv52000/op=fstyle.aspx?t=k&q=russ|website = archiveswest.orbiscascade.org|access-date = December 8, 2015}}</ref> These essays include very detailed descriptions of her views on pornography and how influential it was to feminist thought in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Specifically, in "Being Against Pornography", she calls pornography a feminist issue. Her issues with pornography range from feminist critiques to women's sexuality in general, maintaining that porn prevents women from freely expressing their sexual selves like men can.<ref name=":0" /> Russ believed that [[anti-pornography]] [[ACTivists|activists]] were not addressing how women experienced pornography created by men, a topic that she addressed in "Being Against Pornography".<ref name=":0" />

==Reputation and legacy==
Her work is widely taught in courses on science fiction and feminism throughout the English speaking world.  Russ is the subject of [[Farah Mendlesohn]]'s book ''On Joanna Russ'' and Jeanne Cortiel's ''Demand My Writing: Joanna Russ, Feminism, Science Fiction''.<ref name="sfwa" /> Russ and her work are prominently featured in Sarah LeFanu's'' In the Chinks of the World Machine: Feminism and Science Fiction'' (1988). She was named to the [[Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame]] in 2013.<ref name=sfadb/><ref name=sffhof2013/>

[[Gwyneth Jones (novelist)|Gwyneth Jones]] wrote a 2019 book about Joanna Russ that was part of the University of Illinois Press series called Modern Masters of Science Fiction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joanna Russ Was Sci-Fi's Most Outspoken Feminist |url=https://www.wired.com/2020/02/geeks-guide-joanna-russ/ |website=Wired - Geek's Guide to the Galaxy podcast |access-date=2 March 2020 |date=29 February 2020}}</ref>

In a 2004 essay about the connections between Russ's work and [[D. W. Griffith]]'s film ''[[Intolerance (film)|Intolerance]]'', [[Samuel R. Delany]] describes her as being "one of the finest - and most necessary - writers of American fiction" since she published her first professional short story in 1959.<ref>Delany, Samuel R. "Joanna Russ and D. W. Griffith." ''Contemporary Literary Criticism'', edited by Lawrence J. Trudeau, vol. 432, Gale, 2018, pp. 188-194. ''Gale Literature Criticism''. Accessed 8 Dec. 2021. Originally published in ''PMLA'', vol. 119, no. 3, May 2004, pp. 500-508. {{subscription required}}</ref>

Her papers are part of the University of Oregon's Special Collections and University Archives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://around.uoregon.edu/story/academics/celebrating-csws-40th-le-guin-feminist-science-fiction-fellowship|title=Celebrating CSWS 40th with the Le Guin Feminist Science Fiction Fellowship|date=July 7, 2013 |publisher=University of Oregon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Archives West: Joanna Russ papers, 1907-2014 |url=http://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv52000#IDAE1LUD |website=archiveswest.orbiscascade.org |access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref>

==Critical writings==
The late 1960s and 1970s marked the beginnings of feminist SF scholarship—a field of inquiry that was all but created single-handedly by Russ, who wrote many essays on feminism and science fiction that appeared in journals such as ''[[College English]]'' and ''[[Science Fiction Studies]]''.<ref name="Yaszek, Lisa 2009">Yaszek, Lisa. "A History of One's Own: Joanna Russ and the Creation of a Feminist SF Tradition". In {{harvp|Mendlesohn|2009|pages=31–47}}.</ref> She also contributed 25 reviews to ''[[The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction]]'', covering more than 100 books of all genres.<ref name="James, Edward 2009">James, Edward. "Russ on Writing Science Fiction and Reviewing It". In {{harvp|Mendlesohn|2009|pages=19–30}}.</ref> In their article "Learning the 'Prophet Business': The Merril-Russ Intersection," Newell and Tallentire described Russ as an "intelligent, tough-minded reviewer who routinely tempered harsh criticism with just the sort of faint praise she handed out to [[Judith Merril]]," who in turn was among the foremost editors and critics in American science fiction in the late 1960s. Russ was also described as a fearless, incisive, and radical person, whose writing was often characterized as acerbic and angry.<ref>{{cite book |last=Freedman |first=Carl Howard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1iF6n6kT-UC&q=russ+incisive |title=Critical Theory and Science Fiction |date=2013-09-01 |publisher=[[Wesleyan University Press]] |isbn=9780819574541 |location= |pages=129–131}}</ref>

Russ was acclaimed as one of science fiction's most revolutionary and accomplished writers. Helen Merrick claimed that Russ is an inescapable figure in science fiction history. [[James Tiptree Jr.]] once commented on how Russ could be an "absolute delight" one minute, but then she "rushes out and bites my ankles with one sentence."<ref>Merrick, Helen. "The Female 'Atlas' of Science Fiction? Russ, Feminism and the SF Community".  In {{harvp|Mendlesohn|2009|pages=48–63}}.</ref> For example, Russ criticized [[Ursula K. Le Guin]]'s 1969 ''[[The Left Hand of Darkness]]'', which won both the 1969 [[Nebula Award for Best Novel|Nebula]] and 1970 [[Hugo Award for Best Novel|Hugo]] awards for best science fiction novel, arguing that gender discriminations that permeated science fiction by men showed up just as frequently in science fiction by women. According to Russ, Le Guin's novel represented these stereotypes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hubble |first=Nick |date=December 24, 2020 |title=The Left Hand of Darkness by Ursula K. Le Guin |url=https://vector-bsfa.com/2020/12/24/review-the-left-hand-of-darkness-by-ursula-k-le-guin/ |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=[[Vector (journal)|Vector]]}}</ref>

Russ felt that science fiction gives something to its readers that cannot be easily acquired anywhere else. She maintained that science should be accurate, and seriousness is a virtue.<ref name="James, Edward 2009"/> She insisted on the unique qualities of her chosen genre, maintaining that science fiction shared certain qualities with art and its flexibility compared to other forms writing. Russ was also interested in demonstrating the unique potentials of women science fiction writers.<ref name="Yaszek, Lisa 2009"/> As her career moved into its second decade in the 1980s, she started to worry about reviewing standards. She once said, "The reviewer's hardest task is to define standards."<ref name="James, Edward 2009"/>

Russ's reviewing style was characterized by logic. She was attacked by readers because of her harsh reviews of [[Stephen R. Donaldson]]'s ''[[Lord Foul's Bane]]'' (1977) and [[Joy Chant]]'s ''[[The Grey Mane of Morning]]'' (1977).<ref>''The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction'', february 1979</ref> She organized attacks into these seven categories, taken directly from the cited article:<ref name="James, Edward 2009"/>
*Don't shove your politics into your reviews. Just review the books. "I will," Russ said, "when authors keep politics out of their books."
*You don't prove what you say; you just assert it. "There is no way to 'prove' anything in aesthetic or moral matters."
*Then your opinion is purely subjective. "I might be subjective, but not arbitrary. It is based on a critic's whole education."
*Everyone's entitled to his [sic] own opinion. "Writing is a craft too, and it can be judged. And some opinions are worth a good deal more than others."
*I knew it. You're a snob. "Science fiction is a small world that often doesn't look outside of its own bounds."
*You're vitriolic too. "The only way to relieve oneself of the pain that has to be endured by reading every line is to express one's opinions vividly, precisely, and compactly."
*Never mind all that stuff. Just tell me what I'd enjoy reading. "Bless you, what makes you think I know?"

However, she felt guilty about dire and frank criticism. She apologized for her harsh words on [[Lloyd Biggle]]'s ''[[The Light That Never Was]]'' (1972) by saying, "It's narsty to beat up on authors who are probably starving to death on turnip soup (''[[ghoti]]'' soup) but critics ought to be honest."<ref name="James, Edward 2009"/>

==Personal life==
Around the time of the publication of ''The Female Man'' in 1975,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-04-29|title=In Memoriam: Joanna Russ (1937-2011)|url=https://www.sfwa.org/2011/04/29/in-memoriam-joanna-russ-1937-2011/|access-date=2021-12-09|website=SFWA|language=en-US}}</ref> Russ came out as a lesbian.{{sfnp|Griffin|2002|p=172}} However, Russ remained protective of her personal life,<ref name=":1" /> and as late as a December 1981 interview with Charles Platt, she was still evasive on the subject for the first third of the interview.{{sfnp|Platt|1983|p=200}}

===Health===
In her later life she published little, largely because she had [[chronic pain]] and [[myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]] (ME/CFS).<ref name="cfs">{{cite web |date=1995-06-16 |title=Reviews: Joanna Russ |url=http://feministsf.org/reviews/russ.j.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185648/http://feministsf.org/reviews/russ.j.html |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |access-date=September 25, 2006 |work=Feminist Science Fiction, Fantasy & Utopia}}</ref>

On April 27, 2011, it was reported that Russ had been admitted to a [[hospice]] after suffering a series of strokes. [[Samuel R. Delany]] was quoted as saying that Russ was "slipping away" and had long had a "[[do not resuscitate]]" order on file.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Silver |first=Steven H. |date=2011-04-27 |title=Joanna Russ in Hospice |url=http://www.sfsite.com/news/2011/04/27/joanna-russ-in-hospice/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430150457/http://www.sfsite.com/news/2011/04/27/joanna-russ-in-hospice/ |archive-date=2011-04-30 |access-date= |website=[[SF Site]]}}</ref> She died early in the morning on April 29, 2011.<ref name=locus/><ref name="nytimesobit">{{Cite news|last=Fox|first=Margalit|title=Joanna Russ, Who Drew Women to Sci-Fi, Dies at 74|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 7, 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/08/arts/joanna-russ-74-dies-wrote-science-fiction.html?_r=1|access-date=May 23, 2011}}</ref>

==Selected works==
{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
;Novels
* ''[[Picnic on Paradise]]'' (1968)
* ''[[And Chaos Died]]'' (1970)
* ''[[The Female Man]]'' (1975)
* ''[[We Who Are About To...]]'' (1977)
* ''[[The Two of Them (novel)|The Two of Them]]'' (1978)
* ''[[On Strike Against God]]: A Lesbian Love Story'' (1980) (novella)

;Short fiction collections
* ''[[The Adventures of Alyx]]'' (1976) (includes ''Picnic on Paradise'')
* ''[[The Zanzibar Cat]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Extra(ordinary) People]]'' (1985)
* ''[[The Hidden Side of the Moon]]'' (1987)
{{col-2}}
;Children's fiction
* ''Kittatinny: A Tale of Magic'' (1978)

;Play
* "Window Dressing" in ''The New Women's Theatre'' edited by Honor Moore. New York, Random House (1977)

;Nonfiction: essays and collections
* ''Speculations on the Subjunctivity of Science Fiction'' (1973)
* ''Somebody's Trying to Kill Me and I Think It's My Husband: The Modern Gothic'' (1973)
* ''[[How to Suppress Women's Writing]]'' (1983)
* ''Magic Mommas, Trembling Sisters, Puritans and Perverts: Feminist Essays'' (1985)
* ''[[To Write Like a Woman]]'' (1995)
* ''What Are We Fighting For?: Sex, Race, Class, and the Future of Feminism'' (1997)
* ''The Country You Have Never Seen: Essays and Reviews'' (2007)
{{col-end}}

==Notes==

{{Reflist|25em |refs=

<ref name=sfadb>
[http://www.sfadb.com/Joanna_Russ "Joanna Russ"]. Science Fiction Awards Database (''sfadb.com''). Mark R. Kelly and the [[Locus Science Fiction Foundation]]. Retrieved September 11, 2013.</ref>
<ref name=sffhof2013>[http://www.empmuseum.org/about-emp/emp-news/emp-newsflash/science-fiction-and-fantasy-hall-of-fame-emp-welcomes-five-major-players.aspx "Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame: EMP welcomes five major players"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818180527/http://empmuseum.org/about-emp/emp-news/emp-newsflash/science-fiction-and-fantasy-hall-of-fame-emp-welcomes-five-major-players.aspx |date=August 18, 2013 }}. [June 2013].<br> &nbsp;[http://www.empmuseum.org/at-the-museum/museum-features/science-fiction-and-fantasy-hall-of-fame/members/joanna-russ.aspx "Joanna Russ: Prolific author and academic with an eye on female identity"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624051313/http://empmuseum.org/at-the-museum/museum-features/science-fiction-and-fantasy-hall-of-fame/members/joanna-russ.aspx |date=June 24, 2016 }}. EMP Museum (''empmuseum.org''). Retrieved September 11, 2013.</ref>
}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Bacon-Smith |first=Camille |title=Science Fiction Culture |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2000 |isbn=0-8122-1530-3 }}
* {{cite book |first=Jeanne |last=Cortiel |contribution=Determinate politics of indeterminacy: Reading Joanna Russ's recent work in light of her early short fiction |editor-last=Barr |editor-first=Marleen S. |editor-link=Marleen Barr |title=Future Females, the Next Generation: New Voices and Velocities in Feminist Science Fiction Criticism |location=Lanham, MD |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2000 |pages=219–236|isbn=0-8476-9126-8 }}
* {{cite book |first=Jeanne |last=Cortiel |title=Demand My Writing: Joanna Russ/Feminism/Science Fiction |series=Science Fiction Texts and Studies |location=Liverpool, UK |publisher=Liverpool University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-85323-614-3 }}
* {{cite book |first=Jeanne |last=Cortiel |contribution=Joanna Russ |editor-last=Scanlon |editor-first=Jennifer |title=Significant Contemporary Feminists: A Biocritical Sourcebook |location=New York, Westport, CT, and London |publisher=Greenwood |year=1999 |isbn=0-313-30125-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/significantconte00scan }}
* {{cite book |last=Delany |first=Samuel R. |author-link=Samuel R. Delany |contribution=Orders of chaos: The science fiction of Joanna Russ |title=Women Worldwalkers: New Dimensions of Science Fiction and Fantasy |editor-first=Jane B. |editor-last=Weedman |location=Lubbock |publisher=Texas Tech University Press |year=1985 |pages=95–123 |isbn=978-0896721333 }}
* {{cite book |last=Delany |first=Samuel R. |contribution=Introduction |editor-first=Joanna |editor-last=Russ |title=We Who Are About To... |location=Middletown, CT |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |year=2005 |pages=v–xv |isbn=0-8195-6759-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/wewhoareaboutto00russ }}
* {{cite book |last=Griffin |first=Gabriele |title=Who's Who in Lesbian and Gay Writing |url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinlesbian0000grif |url-access=registration |publisher=Routledge |year=2002 |isbn=0-415-15984-9 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Hacker |first=Marilyn |author-link=Marilyn Hacker |title=Science fiction and feminism: The work of Joanna Russ |journal=Chrysalis |volume=4 |year=1977 |pages=67–79 }}
* {{cite book |last=Holt |first=Marilyn J. |contribution=Joanna Russ, 1937 |title=Science Fiction Writers: Critical Studies of the Major Authors from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Present Day |url=https://archive.org/details/sciencefictionwr00blei |url-access=registration |editor-first=Everett Franklin |editor-last=Bleiler |location=New York |publisher=Scribner's |year=1982 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/sciencefictionwr00blei/page/483 483–490] |isbn=9780684167404 }}
* {{cite book|title=Joanna Russ|last=Jones, Gwyneth A.|author-link1=Gwyneth Jones (novelist)|isbn=978-0-252-05148-7|location=Urbana, IL|oclc=1117277461|date = August 30, 2019}}
* {{cite journal |last=Law |first=Richard G. |title=Joanna Russ and the 'literature of exhaustion' |journal=Extrapolation |volume=25 |number=2 |year=1984 |pages=146–156 |doi=10.3828/extr.1984.25.2.146 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Malmgren |first=Carl |title=Meta-SF: The examples of Dick, Le Guin, and Russ |journal=Extrapolation: A Journal of Science Fiction and Fantasy |volume=43 |number=1 |year=2002 |pages=22–35 |doi=10.3828/extr.2002.43.1.04 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Mendlesohn |editor-first=Farah |editor-link=Farah Mendlesohn |title=On Joanna Russ |location=Middletown, CT |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8195-6901-1 }}
* {{cite book |last=Russ |first=Joanna |title=To Write Like a Woman: Essays in Feminism and Science Fiction |url=https://archive.org/details/towritelikewoman00russ |url-access=registration |location=Bloomington and Indianapolis |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-253-20983-2 }}
* {{cite book |last=Russ |first=Joanna |contribution=The dirty little girl |editor-first=Jessica Amanda |editor-last=Salmonson |title=What Did Miss Darrington See?: An Anthology of Feminist Supernatural Fiction |publisher=Feminist Press |year=1989 |isbn=1-55861-006-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/whatdidmissdarri00salm }}
* {{cite book |last=Platt |first=Charles |title=Dream Makers volume II: The uncommon men & women who write science fiction |isbn=0-425-05880-8 |publisher=Berkley |year=1983}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* BBC Radio 4 Programme [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0149d00 Cat Women of the Moon]
* [http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv52000 Guide to the Joanna Russ papers at the University of Oregon]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/08/arts/joanna-russ-74-dies-wrote-science-fiction.html Joanna Russ obituary] at NY Times
* [http://feminist-reprise.org/docs/RUSS_MMTSPP/RUSS_MMPP.pdf ''Magic Mommas, Trembling Sisters, Puritans and Perverts: Feminist Essays''], by Joanna Russ (1985)

; Databases
* {{isfdb name|id=Joanna_Russ|name=Joanna Russ}}
*[http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/russ_joanna Joanna Russ], entry at [[The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723022903/http://www.novelguide.com/a/discover/aww_03/aww_03_01045.html NovelGuide.com Biography]
* {{IMDb name|id=4008398}}
* [http://lccn.loc.gov/n80034316 Joanna Russ] at [[Library of Congress]] Authorities, with 23 catalog records

{{Joanna Russ}}
{{Hugo Award Best Novella}}
{{Locus Award Best Novella}}
{{Nebula Award for Best Short Story}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Russ, Joanna}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
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[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
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