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Joe Besser
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{{Short description|American actor and comedian (1907β1988)}} {{protection padlock|small=yes}} {{Use American English|date = January 2020}} {{Use mdy dates|date = January 2020}} {{Infobox person | name = Joe Besser | image = JoeBesser1950s.jpg | caption = Besser, circa 1950s | birth_name = Jessel Besser | birth_date = {{birth date|1907|8|12}} | birth_place = [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1988|3|1|1907|8|12}} | death_place = [[North Hollywood, California]], U.S. | resting_place = [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]], Glendale, California, U.S. | other_names = | occupation = {{hlist|Actor|comedian|musician}} | years_active = 1938β1988 | spouse = {{marriage|Erna Kay|1932<!--As marriage ended by death of Besser, not by death of his spouse, the year 1988 is omitted here. See instructions on [[Template:Marriage]] for more info-->}} | family = [[Matt Besser]] (first cousin twice removed) | website = {{URL|https://www.joebesserforever.com/}} }} '''Joe Besser''' (born '''Jessel Besser''',<ref>Joe Besser with Greg and Jeff Lenburg, ''Not Just a Stooge'', Excelsior Books, 1984, p. 8.</ref> August 12, 1907 β March 1, 1988) was an American actor and comedian known for his impish humor and wimpy characters. He is best known for his brief stint as a member of [[The Three Stooges]] in movie short subjects of 1957β1959. He is also remembered for his television roles: Stinky, the bratty man-child on ''[[The Abbott and Costello Show]]'', and Jillson, the maintenance man on ''[[The Joey Bishop Show (sitcom)|The Joey Bishop Show]]''. ==Early life== Besser was born in [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], on August 12, 1907. He was the ninth child of Morris and Fanny [Fecht] Besser, [[Jew]]ish immigrants from [[Eastern Europe]]. He had seven older sisters and an older brother, Manny, who was in show business, primarily as an [[ethnic]] Jewish comic. From an early age, Joe was fascinated with show business, especially the magic act of [[Howard Thurston]] that visited St. Louis annually. When Joe was 12, Thurston allowed him to be an audience plant. Besser was so excited by this that he sneaked into Thurston's train after the St. Louis run of the show and was discovered the next day in Detroit sleeping on top of the lion's cage. Thurston informed Besser's parents of the situation and trained him as an assistant. The first act involved pulling a rabbit out of a hat. The trick involved two rabbits, one hidden in a pocket of Thurston's cape. But young Besser was so nervous that he botched it badly, pulling out the rabbit from the cape at the same time the other rabbit was on display, before the trick had been performed. The audience roared with laughter, and Besser from then on was assigned "comic mishap" roles only. Besser was placed by St. Louis juvenile authorities in a "corrective school" (reform school) at age 12.<ref>[http://0-persi.heritagequestonline.com.iii.slcl.org/hqoweb/library/do/census/results/image?surname=besser&givenname=joseph&series=14&state=5&hitcount=2&p=1&urn=urn%3Aproquest%3AUS%3Bcensus%3B14842165%3B105172537%3B14%3B5&searchtype=1&offset=0 Besser, Joseph] c/o ''heritagequestonline.com.iii.slcl.org'' (subscription required)</ref> == Acting career == Besser remained in show business and developed a comic character: an impish but whiny and bratty man who was easily excitable and upset, throwing temper tantrums with little provocation. Besser, with his frequent outbursts of "You crazy, ''youuuuu!''" and "Not so ''faaaaaast!''" or "Not so ''harrrrd!!''" became a vaudeville headliner, and movie and radio appearances soon followed. The comedy team of [[Olsen and Johnson]], whose [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] revues were fast-paced collections of songs and blackouts, hired Joe Besser to join their Broadway show ''Sons o' Fun''. He appeared in five sketches, including one as the sissified "Cowboy Joe".<ref>Internet Broadway Database, 2024.</ref> Besser's noisy intrusions fit the Olsen & Johnson style perfectly, and Besser's work caught the attention of the [[Shubert family|Shubert]] brothers, who signed Besser to a theatrical contract. [[Columbia Pictures]] hired Besser away from the Shuberts, and Besser relocated to Hollywood in 1944, where he brought his comic character to feature-length musical comedies like ''[[Hey, Rookie]]'' and ''[[Eadie Was a Lady]]'' (1945). On May 9, 1946, Besser appeared on the pioneering NBC television program ''[[Hour Glass (TV series)|Hour Glass]]'', performing his "Army Drill" routine with stage partner Jimmy Little. According to an article in the May 27, 1946 issue of ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine, the show was seen by about 20,000 people on about 3,500 television sets, mostly in the New York City area.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZEsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA84 Life Magazine May 27, 1946] via ''books.google.com'', accessed 22 February 2021</ref> During this period, he appeared on the [[Jack Benny]] radio program in the episode entitled "Jack Prepares For Carnegie Hall" in June, 1943. Besser also starred in short-subject comedies for Columbia from 1949 to 1956. By this point, his persona was sufficiently well known that he was frequently caricatured in ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' animated shorts of the era. He appeared in the action film ''[[The Desert Hawk (1950 film)|The Desert Hawk]]'' (1950). Besser had substituted for Lou Costello on radio, opposite [[Bud Abbott]], and by the 1950s he was firmly established as one of the [[Abbott and Costello]] regulars. When the duo filmed ''[[The Abbott and Costello Show]]'' for television, they hired Joe Besser to play Oswald "Stinky" Davis, a bratty, loudmouthed child dressed in an oversized [[Little Lord Fauntleroy]] outfit, shorts, and a flat-top hat with an overhanging brim. He appeared during the first season of ''The Abbott and Costello Show''. Besser was cast for the role of Yonkel, a chariot man, in the low-budget [[Bible|biblical]] film ''[[Sins of Jezebel]]'' (1953), which starred [[Paulette Goddard]] as the titular wicked queen. ===The Three Stooges=== [[Shemp Howard]] of the Three Stooges died at the age of 60 of a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] while on his way home from a boxing exhibition on November 22, 1955. Columbia had promised theater owners eight Stooge comedies into the 1956 season, and only four were completed when Shemp died. To fulfill the contract, producer-director [[Jules White]] manufactured four more films with Shemp's surviving partners, [[Moe Howard]] and [[Larry Fine]], working as a two-man team (with Shemp seen entirely in older film footage). After the last four films were completed, Larry suggested that he and Moe could continue working as "The Two Stooges."<ref>Morris Feinberg, ''Larry: The Stooge in the Middle'', Last Gasp of San Francisco, 1984, p. 163.</ref> Studio chief [[Harry Cohn]] rejected the proposal. Although Moe had legal approval to allow new members into the act, Columbia executives had the final say about any actor who would appear in the studio's films and insisted on a performer already under contract to Columbia. At the time, Joe Besser was one of a few comedians still making comedy shorts at the studio. He successfully renegotiated his contract and was paid his former feature-film salary, which was more than the other Stooges earned. Besser refrained from imitating [[Curly Howard|Curly]] or Shemp. He continued to play the same whiny character he had developed over his long career. He had a clause in his contract that prohibited being hit excessively. Besser recalled, "I usually played the kind of character who would hit others back." He claimed that Larry volunteered to take the brunt of Moe's screen abuse. In a 2002 [[E!]] channel program that used file footage of Besser, the comic stated that the left side of [[Larry Fine]]'s face was noticeably coarser than the other side, which he attributed to Moe's slaps. As a result of his whiny persona and lack of true slapstick punishment against him (a cornerstone of Stooge humor), Joe has been less popular with contemporary Stooge aficionados,{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} so much so that "Stooge-a-Polooza" TV host [[Rich Koz]] has even apologized on the air before showing Besser shorts; during the show's tenure, he received more than a few letters from viewers expressing their outrage over his airing them. Besser does have his defenders, however. Columbia historians Edward Watz and [[Ted Okuda]] have written appreciatively of Besser for bringing new energy to what was by then a flagging theatrical series.<ref name="Okuda">{{cite book| last = Okuda| first = Ted | author-link = Ted Okuda|author2=Watz, Edward | title = The Columbia Comedy Shorts| publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers| year = 1986| pages =60β102, 237β239| isbn = 0-89950-181-8}}</ref> The Stooges shorts with Besser were filmed from the spring of 1956 to the end of 1957. His Stooge tenure ended when Columbia shut down the two-reel comedy department on December 20, 1957. Jules White had shot enough film for 16 comedies (two years' worth of releases), which were issued a few months apart until June 1959, with ''[[Sappy Bull Fighters]]'' being the final release. After Besser joined the team, for the first time in their career, the Stooges did not make any personal appearances during their layoff season, which began in 1956.<ref>{{cite book| last = Feinberg| first = Morris Moe |author2= G. P. Skratz| title = My Brother Larry: The Stooge in the Middle| publisher = Last Gasp| year = 1984| location = San Francisco| pages = 165, 168| isbn = 978-0-86719-324-4}}</ref> There was a longtime belief, based on an existing ad, that the Stooges once performed live, with Besser as the third stooge, at the Paramount Theatre, Los Angeles, some time around 1957.<ref>{{cite book| last = Maurer| first = Joan Howard| author-link = Joan Howard Maurer|author2=Jeff Lenburg |author3=Greg Lenburg | title = The Three Stooges Scrapbook| publisher = Citadel Press| orig-year = 1982| year = 2012| page = 97| isbn = 978-1-61374-074-3}}</ref> It was later found that the ad was erroneously used for the act's personal appearances in December 1959, with [[Joe DeRita]], rather than Besser, as part of the lineup. In fact, Besser never made ''any'' personal appearances as a member of the Three Stooges.<ref>{{cite journal| last = Lassin| first = Gary | date = 2014| editor1-last = Lassin| editor1-first = Gary| title = Three Stooges on Tour, The: 1957 β "Say It Ain't So, Joe," The Besser Appearance That Wasn't | url = https://www.threestooges.net/journal/view/149 | journal = The Three Stooges Journal|volume= Spring 2014 | issue = 149 | pages = 8β9| access-date = March 23, 2020}}</ref> After their contract with Columbia ended, Moe Howard and Larry Fine discussed plans for a personal appearance tour, but Besser declined. His wife had suffered a heart attack in November 1957, and he was unwilling to leave without her. In later life, Besser praised Moe and Larry in a 1985 radio interview, from which a quote was aired on [[A&E Network]]'s ''[[Biography (TV series)|Biography]]''. Besser said: {{blockquote|text=... Moe and Larry, they were the best. I enjoyed every minute of it with them. In fact, to show you how wonderful they were, I never liked to be hit with anything. And Larry would always say to me, 'Don't worry, Joe, I'll take it.' Now that's the kind of guys that they were ...}} ===After the Stooges=== Besser returned to films and television, most notably as the superintendent Jillson for four seasons (1961β1965) of ''[[Joey Bishop|The Joey Bishop Show]]''. He also made occasional appearances on the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] late-night series, also called ''The Joey Bishop Show,'' between 1967 and 1969. Besser also had roles on ''[[The Mothers-in-Law]]'', ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]'', ''[[The Good Guys (1968 TV series)|The Good Guys]]'', ''[[That Girl]]'', and ''[[Love, American Style]]''.<ref name=besser/> He provided the voice of the dragon on ''[[The Alvin Show]]'' (1961), and he played Chubby Stone in the episode "Cry Love, Cry Murder" (S3 E25) of the [[Private investigator|private-eye]] series ''[[Peter Gunn]]'' (1961). Besser also provided voices for several [[Saturday morning cartoon]] series in the 1970s. He voiced the character Putty Puss in ''[[The Houndcats]]'' (1972), bumbling genie Babu in ''[[Jeannie (TV series)|Jeannie]]'' (1973), (inspired by ''[[I Dream of Jeannie]]'') and ''[[Scooby's All-Star Laff-A-Lympics]]'', and as Scare Bear in ''[[Yogi's Space Race]]'' (1978).<ref name=besser>{{cite book | last = Besser | first = Joe |author2=Jeff Lenburg |author3=Greg Lenburg | title = Not Just a Stooge | publisher = Excelsior Books| year = 1984 | location = [[Orange, California]] | pages = 200β201, 203β205 | isbn = 978-0918283009}}</ref> Besser's career slowed somewhat after he suffered a minor [[stroke]] in 1979, resulting in considerable weight loss.<ref name=besser/> His last role was in ''The Smurfs'' in 1983. In 1984, Besser co-wrote his autobiography with authors Jeff and Greg Lenburg, ''Not Just a Stooge''.<ref name=besser/> The title reflected Besser's dismay that people only recognized him for his brief tenure with the Stooges, and not for his long career as a solo comedian. However, he eventually softened, realizing that the Stooges continued to bring him his greatest exposure.<ref name=besser/> The book would be retitled and republished as ''Once a Stooge, Always a Stooge'' following his death in 1988. Joe Besser recalled his friendship with the Stooges in an emotional speech, referring to "the four boys [Moe, Larry, Curly, and Shemp] ... up in heaven" looking down at the dedication of a star to The Three Stooges on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] on August 30, 1983. Stooges co-actor [[Emil Sitka]], the only other Stooge attendee, also spoke; the only other surviving Stooge, [[Joe DeRita]], was ill at the time, though he outlived Besser by five years.<ref name=besser/> In the spring of 2000, ABC aired a made-for-television movie ''[[The Three Stooges (2000 film)|The Three Stooges]]'', with actor Laurence Coy appearing briefly as Besser. This depiction of Besser has been criticized as being unfairly negative.{{citation needed |date= April 2020}} ==Personal life== In 1932, Besser married dancer Erna Kay (born Ernestine Dora Kretschmer), known as "Ernie".<ref name=WP>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1988/03/03/three-stooges-actor-joe-besser-dies-at-age-80/45f229e2-31a4-422a-8cb8-7ba75f9739e8/ 'Three Stooges' Actor Joe Besser Dies at Age 80] ''www.washingtonpost.com'', accessed 22 February 2021</ref> The couple had no children. They were neighbors and friends of [[Lou Costello]], of the [[Abbott and Costello]] duo. Besser appeared in the Abbott and Costello movie ''[[Africa Screams]]'' (1949), which also featured [[Shemp Howard]] of [[the Three Stooges]]. Joe and Shemp were old friends, having met in 1932. His cousin's grandson is [[Upright Citizens Brigade]] theater co-founder and improviser/comedian [[Matt Besser]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.earwolf.com/episode/episode-9-matt-besser|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205060141/http://www.earwolf.com/episode/episode-9-matt-besser|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 5, 2011|title=A Couple of Stooges, episode #9 of Who Charted? on Earwolf|website=www.earwolf.com|access-date=7 October 2018}}</ref> ==Death== Joe Besser died of [[heart failure]] on March 1, 1988, at the age of 80.<ref name=WP/> His wife Erna died on July 1, 1989, from a heart attack at age 89. Both spouses are buried in the same plot in the [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale|Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery]] in [[Glendale, California]].<ref>Wilson, Scott. ''Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons'', 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 25047-25048). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.</ref> Joe's marker reads, "Joe Besser / August 12, 1907 β March 1, 1988 / He Brought the World Love and Laughter", while Erna's reads, "Ernestine Besser / March 14, 1900 β July 1, 1989 / In Loving Memory." Besser's Stooge partner [[Larry Fine]] is interred in a crypt at the Freedom Mausoleum, which is a short distance away from the tomb. ==Selected filmography== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ===Theatrical=== ====Features==== * ''[[Hot Steel]]'' (1940) β Siggie * ''[[Hey, Rookie]]'' (1944) β Pendelton * ''[[Eadie Was a Lady]]'' (1945) β Professor Dingle * ''[[Talk About a Lady]]'' (1946) β Roly Q. Entwhistle * ''Feudin', Fussin' and A-Fightin'' (1948) β Sharkey Dolan * ''[[Africa Screams]]'' (1949) β Harry * ''[[Joe Palooka Meets Humphrey]]'' (1950) β Carlton * ''[[Outside the Wall (film)|Outside the Wall]]'' (1950) β cook (uncredited) * ''[[Woman in Hiding]]'' (1950) β salesman * ''[[The Desert Hawk (1950 film)|The Desert Hawk]]'' (1950) β Prince Sinbad * ''[[I, the Jury (1953 film)|I, the Jury]]'' (1953) β Elevator Operator * ''[[Sins of Jezebel]]'' (1953) β Yonkel * ''[[Abbott and Costello Meet the Keystone Kops]]'' (1955) β Hunter (uncredited) * ''[[Headline Hunters (1955 film)|Headline Hunters]]'' (1955) β Coroner * ''[[Two-Gun Lady]]'' (1955) β Doc McGinnis * ''[[Three Stooges Fun-O-Rama]]'' (1959) * ''[[Say One for Me]]'' (1959) β Joe Greb * ''[[Let's Make Love]]'' (1960) β Charlie Lamont * ''[[The Silent Call]]'' (1961) β Art * ''[[The Errand Boy]]'' (1961) β Man watching rushes * ''[[Hand of Death (1962 film)|Hand of Death]]'' (1962) β Service station attendant * ''The Monk'' (1969) β Herbie ([[Television film|TV movie]]) * ''[[Savage Intruder]]'' (1970) β Bus Driver * ''[[Which Way to the Front?]]'' (1970) β Dock Master ====Short subjects==== * ''Cuckoorancho'' (1938) β Wanderer * ''A Day in the Country'' (1953) * ''[[List of Three Stooges films#1957|The Three Stooges]]'' (1957β1959) * ''The Woodcutter's House'' (1959) ====Joe Besser with [[Jim Hawthorne (DJ)|Hawthorne]] short subject series==== * ''Waiting in the Lurch'' (1949) β Eric Loudermilk Potts * ''Dizzy Yardbird'' (1950) β Rodney Marblehead * ''[['Fraidy Cat]]'' (1951) β Det. Joe Besser * ''Aim, Fire, Scoot'' (1952) β Pvt. Joe Besser * ''Caught on the Bounce'' (1952) β Daddy * ''Spies and Guys'' (1953) β Pvt. Joe Besser * ''The Fire Chaser'' (1954) β Eric Loudermilk Potts * ''G.I. Dood It'' (1955) β Pvt. Joe Marblehead * ''[[Hook a Crook]]'' (1955) β Det. Joe Besser * ''Army Daze'' (1956) β Pvt. Joe Besser {{col-2}} ===Television=== * ''[[The Ken Murray Show]]'' (1950) * ''[[The Colgate Comedy Hour]]'' (1951β1953) * ''[[The Alan Young Show]]'' (1951) * ''[[The Abbott and Costello Show]]'' (1952β1953) β Stinky Davis * ''[[Spike Jones|The Spike Jones Show]]'' (1954) β jailhouse warden * ''[[My Little Margie]]'' (1954) β butterfly catcher * ''[[The Jack Benny Program]]'' (1954β1961) * ''[[The Millionaire (TV series)|The Millionaire]]'' (1955) β hobo * ''[[Willy (TV series)|Willy]]'' (1955), episode "Willy Saves Harvey From Fraud" * ''[[Damon Runyon Theater]]'' (1955) * ''[[The Martha Raye Show]]'' (1955) * ''[[Club Oasis]]'' (1958) * ''[[Kraft Music Hall (TV series)|Kraft Music Hall]]'' (1959) * ''[[General Electric Theater]]'' (1961) β Fight manager * ''[[The Alvin Show]]'' (1961β1962) β Additional voices * ''[[The Joey Bishop Show (sitcom)|The Joey Bishop Show]]'' (1962β1965) β Mr. Jillson * ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]'' (1966) β Hizzoner the Penguin * ''[[The Mothers-in-Law]]'' (1968) β "How Not to Manage a Rock Group", "The First Anniversary is the Hardest" * ''[[That's Life (1968 TV series)|That's Life]]'' (1968) * ''[[That Girl]]'' (1968) β "Eleven Angry Men and That Girl" * ''[[Don Rickles|The Don Rickles Show]]'' (1968) * ''[[Where's Huddles?]]'' (1970) β Coach (voice) * ''[[The Houndcats]]'' (1972) β Putty Puss (voice) * ''[[Jeannie (TV series)|Jeannie]]'' (1973) β Babu (voice) * ''[[The New Scooby-Doo Movies]]'' (1973) β Babu (voice) * ''[[The Oddball Couple]]'' (1975) β Additional voices * ''[[Scooby's All Star Laff-A-Lympics]]'' (1977β1978) β Babu (voice) * ''[[Fred Flintstone and Friends]]'' (1977β1978) β Babu (voice) * ''[[Yogi's Space Race]]'' (1978) β Scare Bear (voice) * ''[[Galaxy Goof-Ups]]'' (1978β1979) β Scare Bear (voice) * ''[[Shirt Tales]]'' (1982) β Elmo the Elephant (voice) * ''My Smurfy Valentine'' (1983) β Cupid (voice) {{col-end}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Further reading== * ''Once a Stooge, Always a Stooge: The Autobiography of Hollywood's Most Prolific Funnyman'' by Joe Besser with Jeff Lenburg and Greg Lenburg [https://www.amazon.com/Once-Stooge-Always-Autobiography-Hollywoods/dp/0990328783/ref=monarch_sidesheet], (Moonwater Press, 2020). * ''Once a Stooge, Always a Stooge: The Autobiography of Hollywood's Most Prolific Third Stooge'' by Joe Besser with Jeff Lenburg and Greg Lenburg, (Roundtable Publishing, 1988). * ''Not Just a Stooge: The Autobiography of Hollywood's Most Prolific Third Stooge'' (later retitled ''Once a Stooge, Always a Stooge'') by Joe Besser with Jeff Lenburg and Greg Lenburg [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1877961426], (Excelsior Books, 1984). * ''The Three Stooges Scrapbook'' by Jeff Lenburg, Joan Howard Maurer, and Greg Lenburg (Citadel Press, 1982). ==External links== {{Commons category}} {{Portal|Biography}} * {{IMDb name|id=0078798|name=Joe Besser}} * {{tcmdb name}} * {{IBDB name}} * [https://joebesserforever.com/ 170 high-definition clips, many rare of Joe Besser] {{ThreeStooges}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Besser, Joe}} [[Category:1907 births]] [[Category:1988 deaths]] [[Category:20th-century American comedians]] [[Category:20th-century American Jews]] [[Category:20th-century American male actors]] [[Category:American male comedians]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male television actors]] [[Category:American male voice actors]] [[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]] [[Category:Columbia Pictures contract players]] [[Category:Hanna-Barbera people]] [[Category:Comedians from St. Louis]] [[Category:Jewish American comedians]] [[Category:Jewish American male actors]] [[Category:Jewish male comedians]] [[Category:Male actors from St. Louis]] [[Category:The Three Stooges members]] [[Category:American vaudeville performers]] [[Category:Jewish American film people]]
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