Editing Johnson Controls

{{Short description|Building systems and facility management firm based in Cork, Ireland}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Johnson Controls International plc
| logo = Johnson Controls.svg
| type = [[Public limited company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{NYSE|JCI}}|[[S&P 500]] component}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|IE00BY7QL619}}
| founder = [[Warren S. Johnson]] 
| industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]] 
| foundation = {{start date and age|1885|df=yes}} (as Johnson Electric Service Company)<br>{{start date and age|September 9, 2016|df=yes}} (current Johnson Controls International plc)
| location = [[Cork (city)|Cork]], [[Ireland]]<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/833444/000083344417000016/q2fy1710-q.htm 10-Q filing from sec.gov]</ref>
| key_people = George Oliver (Chairman, CEO)
| products = [[HVAC control system|Climate Control]], [[HVAC]], [[Facility Management]], Fire Alarm and Suppression
| revenue = {{nowrap| {{increase}} {{US$|22.9 billion|link=yes}} (2024)}}
| operating_income = {{decrease}} {{US$|1.41 billion}} (2024)
| net_income = {{decrease}} {{US$|1.71 billion}} (2024)
| assets = {{increase}} {{US$|42.7 billion}} (2024)
| equity = {{decrease}} {{US$|16.1 billion}} (2024)
| num_employees = {{circa|94,000}} (2024)
| homepage = {{Official URL}}
| subsid = [[Johnson Controls Hitachi]] 
| footnotes = Financials {{as of|2024|09|30|lc=y|df=US}}.<ref name="FY24">{{cite news |title=Johnson Controls Annual Report for Fiscal Year 2024 |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/833444/000083344424000064/jci-20240930.htm|publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission|date=19 November 2024|access-date= 26 November 2024}}</ref>
}}
[[File:JohnsonControlsRichmondHill2.jpg|thumb|Johnson Controls office in Ontario]]

'''Johnson Controls International plc''' is an American, Irish-domiciled [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] headquartered in [[Cork (city)|Cork]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]],<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/833444/000083344417000016/q2fy1710-q.htm Johnson Controls 10-Q filing from sec.gov]</ref> that produces [[fire]], [[HVAC]], and [[security]] equipment for buildings. As of mid-2019, it employed 105,000 people in around 2,000 locations across six continents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mendonça |first=Elaine |date=2023-09-27 |title=Ransomware Attack on Johnson Controls International A Reminder of Cybersecurity Threats |url=https://beststocks.com/ransomware-attack-on-johnson-controls-interna/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=Best Stocks |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2017 it was listed as 389th in the [[Fortune Global 500|''Fortune'' Global 500]].<ref name=Global>{{cite journal| url=http://fortune.com/global500/johnson-controls| journal=Fortune| title=Global 500 Top Companies| access-date=9 June 2017| archive-date=23 December 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223232235/https://fortune.com/global500/johnson-controls/| url-status=dead}}</ref> It became ineligible for the [[Fortune 500|''Fortune'' 500]] in subsequent years since it relocated its headquarters outside the U.S.<ref>{{cite journal| url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/ | journal=Fortune| title=2017 Fortune 500}}</ref>

The company was formed via the merger of American company Johnson Controls with [[Tyco International]], announced on 25 January 2016. The merger led to the avoidance of taxation on foreign market operations and a financial windfall for the CEO of Johnson Controls at that time, [[Alex Molinaroli]].<ref name=Surane>{{cite news| title=Johnson Controls Merges With Tyco in Tax-Lowering Maneuver| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-25/johnson-controls-to-combine-with-tyco-move-domicile-to-ireland| first=Jennifer| last=Surane| work=[[Bloomberg Business]]| date=25 January 2016| access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="believe">Stephen Gandell. "[http://www.fortune.com/2016/01/25/johnson-tyco-ceo-pay-molinaroli/ You Won't Believe How Much Johnson Controls' CEO Is Making on the Tyco Deal]". ''Fortune'' 25 January 2016.</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Johnson Controls Super-Sensitive Thermometer.jpg|thumb|upright|A Johnson Super-Sensitive Thermometer on an old air conditioning unit]]

In 1883, [[Warren S. Johnson]], a professor at the [[University of Wisconsin–Whitewater|Whitewater Normal School]] (now University of Wisconsin–Whitewater) in [[Whitewater, Wisconsin]], received a patent for the first electric room thermostat. His invention helped launch the building control industry and was the impetus for a new company. Johnson and a group of Milwaukee investors led by [[William Plankinton]] incorporated the Johnson Electric Service Company in 1885 to manufacture, install and service automatic temperature regulation systems for buildings.<ref name=WSJ4_11_1985>{{cite news |last=Martin|first=Chuck |title=Johnson Controls a Model for Future |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58154095/ |newspaper=Wisconsin State Journal |location=Madison, Wisconsin |date=11 April 1985 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{open access}} }}</ref> After Johnson died in 1911, the company decided to focus on its temperature control business for non-residential buildings.

In 1970, the company took over clock manufacturer [[Standard Electric Time Company]]. The company was renamed Johnson Controls in 1974. In 1978, Johnson Controls acquired the battery company Globe-Union. That same year, the company divested itself of the Standard Electric Time Company and sold it to [[Faraday (company)|Faraday]]. In 1985, Johnson Controls acquired automotive seating companies Hoover Universal and Ferro Manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1985-07-02 |title=Johnson Controls to Buy Ferro Manufacturing Co. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-07-02-fi-704-story.html |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1989, Johnson acquired [[Pan Am]] World Services.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1989-05-02 |title=JOHNSON CONTROLS TO BUY PAN AM WORLD SERVICES |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1989/05/02/johnson-controls-to-buy-pan-am-world-services/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Chicago Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1989-05-02 |title=COMPANY NEWS; Pan Am Unit To Be Bought |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/02/business/company-news-pan-am-unit-to-be-bought.html |access-date=2024-06-25 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

During the 2008–2009 recession, the company's president, Keith Wandell, lobbied Congress for a bailout of the companies that Johnson supplied.<ref>{{cite book |last=Reid |first=T.R. |title=A Fine Mess |date=4 April 2017 |publisher=Penguin Press |page=2491 }}</ref> The Johnson Controls plant in Lakeshore, Ontario, closed in late March 2010 and the property was sold.<ref name=cbc>{{cite news| title=Auto-parts plant near Windsor, Ont., to close| url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/auto-parts-plant-near-windsor-ont-to-close-1.909274| work=[[CBC News]]| date=22 January 2010| access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref> In 2013, Stephen Roell retired and [[Alex Molinaroli]] took his position as CEO and chairman of the board.<ref name=Content>{{cite news| title=Molinaroli named CEO of Johnson Controls| url=http://www.jsonline.com/business/molinaroli-named-ceo-of-johnson-controls-b9961558z1-216861091.html| first=Thomas| last=Content| date=24 July 2013| work=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]| access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref>

=== Subsequent history ===
On 31 October 2016, the former Johnson Controls Automotive Experience division was spun off as a separate, publicly traded company, [[Adient]], and began trading on the New York Stock Exchange.<ref>{{cite news|title=Adient starts trading in tough market for auto stocks|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-adient-trade-idUSKBN12V288|access-date=9 January 2017|work=Reuters|date=31 October 2016}}</ref> In March 2017, it was announced that [[Scott Safety]], its safety gear business, would be bought by [[3M]] for $2 billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-johnsoncontrols-scottsafety-3m-idUSKBN16N1M8|title=3M to buy Johnson Controls' safety gear business for $2 billion|date=16 March 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref>

On 1 September 2017, George Oliver was appointed as chairman and CEO, an acceleration by 6 months from the original plans.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/media-center/news/press-releases/2017/08/21/johnson-controls-announces-accelerated-leadership-succession|title = Johnson Controls announces accelerated leadership succession}}</ref>

On 12 May 2021, Johnson Controls completed the acquisition of Silent-Aire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/media-center/news/press-releases/2021/05/12/johnson-controls-completes-acquisition-of-silent-aire|title = Johnson Controls Completes Acquisition of Silent-Aire}}</ref>  (Silent-Aire was a Canadian firm that specialized in data center cooling systems.  The deal was structured as follows: Johnson Controls paid $630 million upfront, and additional payments were made contingent upon reaching certain milestones, with total price capped at $870 million.){{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

In October 2021, it was announced that Johnson Controls had picked Ava Robotics to power its new 'Tyco Security Robot'. This fully autonomous security robot includes sensors, touchscreen and integrates two Tyco Illustra cameras to bring access control, video surveillance and security robotics together.<ref name="Ava Robotics Powers Johnson Controls’ New Tyco Security Robot">{{cite web |title=Ava Robotics Powers Johnson Controls' New Tyco Security Robot |url=https://facilityexecutive.com/2021/10/ava-robotics-powers-johnson-controls-new-tyco-security-robot/ |website=Faculty Executive |date=4 October 2021 |access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref>

In September 2023, Johnson Controls' experienced a [[ransomware]] attack, encrypting numerous company devices and servers, prompting the company to immediately shut down specific IT systems.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-27 |title=HVAC Maker Johnson Controls Hit by Hack That Disrupted Parts of Its Operations |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-09-27/hvac-maker-johnson-controls-hit-by-hack-warns-of-disruptions |access-date=2023-09-29}}</ref>

In July 2024, Johnson Controls said that it will sell a portfolio of its heating and ventilation units to Germany's [[Bosch (company)|Bosch Group]] for $6.7 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2024 |title=Johnson Controls to sell heating and ventilation assets to Bosch in $6.7 bln deal |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/johnson-controls-sell-heating-ventilation-assets-bosch-67-bln-deal-2024-07-23/ |access-date=23 July 2024 |website=Reuters}}</ref>

== Women's work rights ==
In 1982, Johnson Controls enacted what it called a "[[Fetal protection policies in the United States|fetal protection policy]]", which denied women the right to work on the battery production line because of the potential harm to a [[fetus]] they might conceive. Women were allowed to work on the production line only if they could prove that "...&nbsp;their inability to bear children had been medically documented."

In April 1984, the [[United Automobile Workers]] sued Johnson Controls on behalf of three employees. These employees were Mary Craig, who had chosen to be [[Sterilization (medicine)|sterilized]] to avoid losing her job, Elsie Nason, a 50-year-old divorcee, who had suffered a loss of compensation when she was transferred from a high paying job that exposed her to lead, and Donald Penney, who had been denied a request for a [[leave of absence]] for the purpose of lowering his blood lead levels because he intended to become a father. [[United Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.|The case]] was argued before the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] on 10 October 1990 and was decided on 20 March 1991. The Court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs. This was a landmark ruling because it affirmed that "...&nbsp;it is no more appropriate for the courts than it is for individual employers to decide whether a woman's reproductive role is more important to herself and her family than her economic role."<ref name="UAW">{{cite court| litigants=Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls| volume=499| reporter=U.S.|opinion=187, 111 S.Ct. 1196| date=20 March 1991| url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/499/187/case.html}}</ref>

== Business units ==
The company's operations focus on Building Efficiency.

=== Building Technologies and Solutions===
The Building Technologies and Solutions business unit designs, produces, installs and services heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, industrial refrigeration, [[Building automation|building management systems]], fire and security systems and mechanical equipment for commercial and residential buildings. The brands produced under this business unit are [[York International|York]], TempMaster, Metasys, Panoptix, Frick and Sabroe.<ref name="Form 10-K">{{cite web |title= Johnson Controls Form 10-K 2012 |url= http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/content/dam/WWW/jci/corporate/investors/2012/FY12%2010-K%20-%20FINAL%20for%20web.pdf |publisher= Johnson Controls Inc |access-date= 26 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131021152315/http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/content/dam/WWW/jci/corporate/investors/2012/FY12%2010-K%20-%20FINAL%20for%20web.pdf |archive-date= 21 October 2013 }}</ref> This unit also works with organizations to reduce the energy consumption and operating costs of their buildings.<ref name="Form10-K">{{cite web |title= Johnson Controls Form 10-K 2012 |url= http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/content/dam/WWW/jci/corporate/investors/2012/FY12%2010-K%20-%20FINAL%20for%20web.pdf |publisher= Johnson Controls Inc |access-date= 26 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131021152315/http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/content/dam/WWW/jci/corporate/investors/2012/FY12%2010-K%20-%20FINAL%20for%20web.pdf |archive-date= 21 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="lightoff">{{cite news |author=H.G. |title=Turn That Light Off! |url= https://www.economist.com/blogs/schumpeter/2013/05/measuring-energy-efficiency-buildings |access-date= 26 August 2013 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date= 28 May 2013}}</ref> This includes retrofitting existing buildings such as the [[Empire State Building]]<ref name="Crain">{{cite news| last=Ivanova| first=Irina| title=Empire State Bldg's energy savings beat forecast| url=http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20130624/REAL_ESTATE/130629951 |access-date=26 August 2013| newspaper=[[Crain Communications|Crain's New York Business]]| date=24 June 2013}}</ref> and working on maximizing efficiency in new construction such as the [[Burj Khalifa]] in Dubai.<ref name="Hope">{{cite news |last=Hope |first=Gerhard |title=Johnson Controls Secures Burj Khalifa Contract |url=http://arabianindustry.com/construction/news/2010/may/26/johnson-controls-secures-burj-khalifa-contract-3627936/#.UdxqCPmcf_M |access-date= 26 August 2013| newspaper=Arabian Industry| date=26 May 2010}}</ref>  Building Technologies & Solutions is the company's longest-running business unit, dating to 1885 when Johnson founded the Johnson Electric Service Company<ref name="Adler">{{cite news| last=Adler| first=Roger| title=In Control| url=http://filecache.drivetheweb.com/mr4enh_johnsoncontrols/9477/005071214Johnson.pdf| access-date=26 August 2013| newspaper=[[The National Law Journal]]| date=18 June 2012| archive-date=5 February 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205005701/http://filecache.drivetheweb.com/mr4enh_johnsoncontrols/9477/005071214Johnson.pdf| url-status=dead}}</ref> after patenting the electric [[thermostat]] in 1883.<ref name="USembassy">{{cite web |last=Zwaniecki |first=Andrzej |title=Thermostat Maker Deploys Climate Control against Rapid Climate Change – Johnson Controls Persuades Building Owners to Go Energy-Efficient |url=http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2008/07/20080710104405saikceinawz0.5803339.html#axzz2d5eegxRv |work=IIP Digital |publisher=[[United States Department of State|Department of State]] |access-date=26 August 2013 }}</ref> {{As of|2012|post=,}} the business unit operated from 700 branch offices in more than 150 countries.<ref name="Form10-K" />

Johnson Controls was one of the defendants in a multimillion-dollar federal court lawsuit in [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]] in a case where 98 people perished and 140 were injured in a [[Dupont Plaza Hotel arson|fire at the DuPont Plaza Hotel]] and its casino on New Year's Eve, 31 December 1986. The plaintiffs claimed that Johnson Controls sold and installed an [[energy management system]] that failed to give early warning of the fire.<ref>{{cite book |title=Arnstein & Lehr, The First 120 Years |pages=110–113 |isbn=978-0-615-89503-1 |first=Louis A. |last=Lehr Jr. |publisher=Arnstein & Lehr |date=2013 }}</ref> After nine months of trial, the company and its energy management system were absolved of blame when the court issued a directed verdict.<ref>''Chicago Tribune'', 15 May 1990{{full citation needed|date=March 2016}}</ref><ref>''Merrills Illinois Legal Times'', 1 July 1990, as corrected on 5 November 1990.{{full citation needed|date=March 2016}}</ref> When the trial was completed the plaintiffs had accumulated approximately $220,908,549.00 in damages as a result of various settlements and a jury verdict against some other defendants.<ref>In re San Juan DuPont Plz. Hotel, 768 F. Supp. 912, 936 (Puerto Rico U.S. Dist. 1991)</ref>

===Former business units===
====Power Solutions====
This unit was sold to [[Brookfield Business Partners]] and re-made into a new company, [[Clarios]], as of 1 May 2019.<ref>{{Cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Clarios launches as a world leader in advanced energy storage solutions |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/clarios-launches-as-a-world-leader-in-advanced-energy-storage-solutions-300840272.html |location=[[Milwaukee]] |publisher=Clarios |agency=PRNewswire |date=1 May 2019 |access-date=14 May 2019 }}</ref>

The Power Solutions business unit designs and manufactures automotive batteries for passenger cars, heavy and light duty trucks, utility vehicles, motorcycles, golf carts and boats.<ref name="Form10-K" /><ref name="Smallvehicle">{{cite news |title=Club Car Awards Johnson Controls as a Top Supplier| url=http://www.smallvehicleresource.com/blog/2013/06/03/club-car-awards-johnson-controls-as-a-top-supplier |access-date=26 August 2013 |newspaper=Small Vehicle Resource |date=3 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="JSelectricboat">{{cite news |last=Content |first=Thomas |title=Johnson Controls' modified hybrid car batteries will power electric boat motor |url=http://www.jsonline.com/business/johnson-controls-modified-hybrid-car-batteries-will-power-electric-boat-motor-q18vfrh-194103591.html |access-date=26 August 2013 |newspaper=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |date=28 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Greencarcongress">{{cite news |title=Johnson Controls modifies automotive PHEV Li-ion batteries for marine application; Torqeedo Deep Blue|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2013/02/jc-20130228.html|access-date=26 August 2013|newspaper=Green Car Congress|date=28 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Mustangmonthly">{{cite news| last=Houlahan| first=Mark| title=Optima's Digital 400 - Charge It Right| url=http://www.mustangmonthly.com/techarticles/1309_optima_digital_400_charge_it_right/| access-date=26 August 2013| newspaper=Mustang Monthly| date=September 2013| archive-date=14 August 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814071942/http://www.mustangmonthly.com/techarticles/1309_optima_digital_400_charge_it_right/| url-status=dead}}</ref> It supplies more than one third of the world's lead-acid batteries<ref name="Motleyfool">{{cite news |last=Rosevear |first=John |title=Under the Hood of Johnson Controls |url=http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2012/11/19/under-the-hood-of-johnson-controls.aspx |access-date=26 August 2013 |newspaper=[[The Motley Fool]]|date=20 November 2012}}</ref> to automakers and aftermarket retailers including Wal-Mart, Sears, Toyota, and BMW.<ref name="Forbesbattery">{{cite news |last=Team |first=Trefis |title=Johnson Controls Shores Up Its Market Share as Exide Files for Bankruptcy |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2013/06/14/johnson-controls-shores-up-its-market-share-as-exide-files-for-bankruptcy/ |access-date=26 August 2013 |newspaper=Forbes |date=14 June 2013 }}</ref><ref name="JSonlinewalmart">{{cite news|last=Content|first=Thomas|title=European automotive business rebounds; HomeLink business to be sold to Gentex Corp. for $700 million|url=http://www.jsonline.com/business/johnson-controls-earnings-rose-32-as-european-automotive-business-rebounds-b9956737z1-215992421.html|access-date=26 August 2013|newspaper=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|date=18 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="Detriotfreepress">{{cite news |last=Gopwani| first=Jewel |title=Battery hub takes root in state |url=http://www.freep.com/article/20100411/BUSINESS01/4110429/Battery-hub-takes-root-state |access-date=26 August 2013 |newspaper=[[Detroit Free Press]]| date=10 April 2010}}</ref> Lead acid battery brands produced under this business unit include Continental, OPTIMA, Heliar, LTH, Delkor and [[VARTA]] automotive batteries.<ref name="Form10-K" /> This part of the company also manufactures Lithium-ion cells and complete battery systems to power hybrid and electric vehicles such as the Ford Fusion<ref name="Greenbizbattery">{{cite news |last=Schwartz |first=Ariel |title=Johnson Controls Awarded Battery Contract for Ford's First Hybrid Plug-In Vehicle |url=http://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2009/02/04/johnson-controls-awarded-battery-contract-fords-first-hybrid-plug-vehicle |access-date=26 August 2013 |newspaper=Greenbiz |date=4 February 2009}}</ref> and Daimler's S-Class 400.<ref name="Newsweekbattery">{{cite news |last=Fareed |first=Zakaria |title=To Pack a Real Punch - Everything hangs on the race to build tomorrow's battery |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/02/20/to-pack-a-real-punch.html |access-date=26 August 2013 |newspaper=[[Newsweek]]|date=20 February 2009}}</ref> Additionally, it manufactures [[absorbent glass mat]] (AGM) and [[VRLA battery|enhanced flooded batteries]] (EFB) batteries to power [[Start-stop system|Start-Stop]] vehicles such as the Chevy Malibu and Ford Fusion.<ref name="Form10-K" /><ref name="Motleyfool" /><ref name="Bizjournalfordfusion">{{cite news |last=Engel |first=Jeff |title=Johnson Controls supplies start-stop battery for 2013 Ford Fusion |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/news/2013/01/14/johnson-controls-supplies-start-stop.html| access-date=26 August 2013| newspaper=[[American City Business Journals|Milwaukee Business Journal]]| date=14 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="JSonlinelandrover">{{cite news| last=Content| first=Thomas| title=Johnson Controls to supply start-stop batteries for Chery Jaguar Land Rovers|url=http://www.jsonline.com/business/johnson-controls-to-supply-startstop-batteries-for-chery-jaguar-land-rovers-409kkp6-203866451.html| access-date=26 August 2013| newspaper=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel| date=19 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="JSonlineford">{{cite news| last=Content| first=Thomas| title=Johnson Controls to supply batteries for Ford Fusion with better mileageJohnson Controls to supply batteries for Ford Fusion with better mileage| url=http://www.jsonline.com/business/johnson-controls-to-supply-batteries-for-ford-fusion-with-better-mileage-l08bllm-186728481.html| access-date=26 August 2013| newspaper=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel| date=14 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="NYTstartstop">{{cite news |last=Moran |first=Tim |title=Johnson Controls Offers Start-Stop Battery System |url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/15/johnson-controls-offers-start-stop-battery-system/?ref=johnsoncontrolsinc&_r=0 |access-date=26 August 2013 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 January 2013 }}</ref><ref name="CBSnews">{{cite news |last=Motavalli |first=Jim |title=Detroit Auto Show: Johnson Controls Is a Big Battery Player with a Low Profile |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/detroit-auto-show-johnson-controls-is-a-big-battery-player-with-a-low-profile/ |access-date=26 August 2013 |newspaper=[[CBS News]] |date=18 January 2010 }}</ref><ref name="Toledoblade">{{cite news| last=Chavez| first=Jon| title=Local Johnson Controls facility to make batteries for Chevy Eco| url=http://www.toledoblade.com/Automotive/2013/08/08/Local-Johnson-Controls-facility-to-make-batteries-for-Chevy-Eco.html| access-date=26 August 2013| newspaper=[[The Blade (Toledo)|The Toledo Blade]]| date=7 August 2013}}</ref> {{As of|2012|post=,}} the business unit operated from 60 locations worldwide.<ref name="Form10-K" /> On 13 November 2018 Johnson Controls agrees to sell its Power Solutions Division to Brookfield Business Partners.<ref name="WSJ">{{cite news |last=Al-Muslim |first=Aisha |title=Johnson Controls to Sell Auto Battery Unit to Brookfield Business Partners for $13.2 Billion |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/johnson-controls-to-sell-power-solutions-business-to-brookfield-business-partners-for-13-2-billion-1542120854?mod=searchresults&page=1&pos=1 |access-date=13 November 2018 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=13 November 2018 }}</ref>

====Automotive Experience====
This business unit was spun off into a new company named [[Adient]] on 31 October 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adient.com/about-us|title = About Us}}</ref>

====Global WorkPlace Solutions====
The Global WorkPlace Solutions business unit provides outsourced [[facilities management]] services globally.<ref name="MJSverizon">{{cite news |last= Content |first=Thomas |title= Johnson Controls to provide real estate services for Verizon |url= http://www.jsonline.com/business/104343004.html |access-date= 26 August 2013 |newspaper= Milwaukee Journal Sentinel| date=5 October 2010}}</ref> It also manages corporate real estate on behalf of its customers including acquiring and disposing of property, administering leases, and managing building related projects such as equipment replacements.<ref name="FMWorldbrookfield">{{cite news| title=Brookfield Asset Management and Johnson Controls have agreed to merge their Australian and New Zealand property and FM operations| url=http://www.fm-world.co.uk/news/business-news/johnson-controls-and-brookfield-merge-down-under/| access-date=26 August 2013| newspaper=[[British Institute of Facilities Management|FM World]]| date=4 December 2012| archive-date=16 October 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016054031/http://www.fm-world.co.uk/news/business-news/johnson-controls-and-brookfield-merge-down-under/| url-status=dead}}</ref> On 23 September 2015,  [[CBRE, Inc.]] purchased the Global Workplace Solutions business unit, retaining the name "Global Workplace Solutions".<ref>{{cite press release| title=CBRE Group, Inc. Closes Acquisition of Global Workplace Solutions Business from Johnson Controls, Inc.| url=http://www.cbre.com/About/Media-Center/2015/09/23/CBRE-Closes-Acquisition-of-Global-Workplace-Solutions| access-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

== Joint ventures ==
[[File:Johnson Controls Hitachi.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|The logo of Johnson Controls - Hitachi Air Conditioning Company]]

* [[Amara Raja Group|'''Amaron''']]: Amara Raja Batteries of India signed a joint venture with Johnson Controls in December 1997 to manufacture automotive batteries in India, under the brand name  "Amaron".<ref>{{cite web| title=Mission & History| url=http://www.amararaja.co.in/mission.asp| publisher=Amara Raja| access-date=12 March 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224060048/http://www.amararaja.co.in/mission.asp| archive-date=24 February 2012| url-status=dead}}</ref> Amara Raja Batteries terminated the partnership with Johnson Controls on 1 April 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/amara-raja-batteries-falls-5-on-termination-of-agreement-johnson-controls-119040300462_1.html|title=Amara Raja Batteries falls 5% on ending partnership with Johnson Controls|last=Reporter|first=S. I.|date=3 April 2019|work=Business Standard India|access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref>
* ''' Brookfield Johnson Controls''': A joint venture with [[Brookfield Properties]] to provide commercial property management services in Canada. Established in 1992, it was known as Brookfield LePage Johnson Controls or BLJC until May 2015. In 2013, Johnson Controls and [[Brookfield Asset Management]] formed a similar joint venture in Australia and New Zealand.<ref>{{cite press release| title=Brookfield Johnson Controls to Become Brookfield Global Integrated Solutions| url=http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/brookfield-johnson-controls-to-become-brookfield-global-integrated-solutions-tsx-bam.a-2015920.htm| date=4 May 2015| publisher=Brookfield Global Integrated Solutions}}</ref> In 2015, JCI pulled out and the company continued as [[Brookfield Global Integrated Solutions]].
* '''Diniz Johnson Controls ''': A joint venture with Diniz Holding in Turkey building complete automotive seats for major OEMs.
* '''[[Johnson Controls Hitachi]] ''': A joint venture in 2015 with [[Hitachi]] in Japan for RAC, PAC, VRF and Chiller business.<ref>Overview of Johnson Controls Hitachi: https://www.jci-hitachi.com/about/overview/</ref> 
* '''Johnson Controls-Saft Advanced Power Solutions''': Johnson Controls-Saft Advanced Power Solutions (JCS) was a joint venture between Johnson Controls and French battery company [[Saft Groupe S.A.]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/environment/2008-03-23-mercedes-electric-car-battery_N.htm |title=Mercedes sees electric-car progress |newspaper=[[USA Today]] | first=James R. |last=Healey |date=23 March 2008}}</ref> It was officially launched in January 2006.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web| title=FC info| url=http://www.fcinfo.jp/whitepaper/524.pdf| publisher=Global Information Inc.| language=ja| access-date=12 March 2016| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219235734/http://www.fcinfo.jp/whitepaper/524.pdf| archive-date=19 February 2012}}</ref> [[VARTA]] established a JCS development centre at its German HQ, following the setting-up of VARTA-Saft joint venture.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Johnson Controls is exhibiting a plug-in hybrid concept called the re3. Johnson Controls produced cells for lithium-ion hybrid vehicle batteries in France under the joint venture with Saft. Battery assemblies were developed and produced in Hannover(Germany), Zwickau (Germany) and Milwaukee (US)<ref>{{cite web| title=Chrysler, Ford, and Other Automakers Pursue Electric Vehicles| url=http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/news/news_detail.cfm/news_id=12178| date=14 January 2009| publisher=[[Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy]]| access-date=15 January 2009| archive-date=4 May 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504111606/http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/news/news_detail.cfm/news_id=12178| url-status=dead}}</ref> Johnson Controls was increasingly dissatisfied with the restrictions of the agreement and also sought a more important ally.<ref name="A21">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/williampentland/2011/05/19/battery-battle-brews-for-johnson-controls-saft/ |title=Battery Battle Brews for Johnson Controls, Saft |last=Pentland |first=William | work=[[Forbes]] |date=19 May 2011 | url-access=limited}}</ref> In May 2011, Johnson Controls requested the dissolution of Johnson Controls-Saft Advanced Power Solutions LLC to the [[Delaware Court of Chancery]].<ref name="A21" />The two companies agreed to the separation and Johnson Controls paid Saft $145 million for its shares in the joint venture, as well as for the right to use certain technology. Johnson Controls retained the Michigan facility built by the partnership. The French joint facility was transferred to Saft.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jsonline.com/business/129172868.html |title=Johnson Controls, Saft agree to end joint venture |last=Barrett |first=Rick |work=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |date=2 September 2011 |access-date=15 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release | url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/johnson-controls-and-saft-reach-an-agreement-to-end-li-ion-automotive-battery-joint-venture-129090763.html | title=Johnson Controls and Saft Reach an Agreement to End Li-ion Automotive Battery Joint Venture | publisher=[[PR Newswire]] | date=September 2, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.autonews.com/article/20111011/OEM10/111019990/jci-buys-saft-s-share-of-battery-joint-venture/ | title=JCI buys Saft's share of battery joint venture | work=[[Automotive News]] | date=October 11, 2011 | url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.eetimes.com/johnson-controls-and-saft-dissolve-li-ion-ev-venture/ | title=Johnson Controls and Saft dissolve Li-ion EV venture | first=Nicolas | last=Mokhoff | work=[[EE Times]] | date=September 2, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20110902/FREE/110909973/johnson-controls-to-end-battery-making-venture-with-saft | title=Johnson Controls to end battery-making venture with Saft | first=Ellen | last=Mitchell | work=[[Crain Communications]] | date=September 2, 2011 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== Brands ==

=== Coleman Heating & Air Conditioning ===
'''Coleman Heating & Air Conditioning''' is a major manufacturing brand of [[HVAC]] equipment, and was formerly an independent HVAC [[manufacturing]] company. The company began as a division of the [[Coleman Company]]  in 1958 and was acquired by [[Evcon]] in 1990, which in turn was acquired by Johnson Controls in 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.webhvac.com/hvac-brands/coleman/|title=Coleman – WebHVAC |access-date=24 December 2018}}</ref><ref>[http://www.colemanac.com/Residential/About-Us Coleman Heating & Air Conditioning: About Us] Coleman Heating & Air Conditioning website.  Downloaded 17 August 2017</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.furnacecompare.com/manufacturers/coleman.html|title=Coleman Heating & Air Conditioning|website=FurnaceCompare.com|access-date=24 December 2018|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224220139/https://www.furnacecompare.com/manufacturers/coleman.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>  Of the twelve largest American [[Metallurgical furnace|furnace]] brand names represented at Gas Furnace Guide, the Coleman brand received an average ranking of 3.7 out of 5 stars.<ref>[http://gasfurnaceguide.com/furnace-reviews/ Gas Furnace Guide Reviews]  Gas Furnace Guide.  Downloaded 17 August 2017</ref>

=== York International ===
'''York International''' is the final name of a company started in [[York, Pennsylvania]], [[United States|US]], in 1874, which developed the York [[brand]] of [[refrigeration]] and [[HVAC]] equipment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=36796|title=Company Overview of York International Corporation|website=[[Bloomberg News]] }}</ref> The York brand has been owned since August 2005 by Johnson Controls, when it was sold to them for $3.2 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.contractingbusiness.com/archive/johnson-controls-buys-york-international |title=Johnson Controls Buys York International |date=1 July 2005 |website=Contracting Business |access-date=24 December 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.achrnews.com/articles/96329-johnson-controls-acquires-york |title=Johnson Controls Acquires York |website=AchrNews.com |access-date=24 December 2018 }}</ref> At the time of the acquisition, it was the world's largest independent manufacturer of air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration machinery. Its stock symbol was formerly YRK.

===Manufacturing===
Johnson Controls operates HVAC manufacturing plants in the United States in [[Wichita, Kansas]] and [[Norman, Oklahoma]]. The Wichita plant primarily produces residential unitary equipment, such as air conditioners, furnaces, and heat pumps for the North American Market under various brands including York and Coleman.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2017 |title=Johnson Controls - Wichita Plant |url=https://manufacturing-today.com/profiles/johnson-controls-wichita-plant/ |access-date=17 May 2022 |website=Manufacturing Today }}</ref> The Norman plant primarily produces [[Air handler|rooftop units]] (RTUs) for commercial use.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Johnson Controls Rooftop Center of Excellence recognized as an Oklahoma Project of the Year |url=https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/media-center/news/press-releases/2019/09/26/johnson-controls-rooftop-center-of-excellence-recognized-as-an-oklahoma-project-of-the-year |publisher=Johnson Controls |access-date=31 May 2023 }}</ref>

== Controversies ==

=== Merger with Tyco ===
On 25 January 2016, Johnson Controls announced that it would merge with [[Tyco International]] to create Johnson Controls International plc, a company headquartered in Cork, Ireland.<ref name="Globe">{{cite news|date=25 January 2016|title=Johnson Controls and Tyco to merge, to be based in low-tax Ireland|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|agency=[[Reuters]]|location=[[Toronto]]|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/international-business/us-business/johnson-controls-to-merge-with-tyco/article28368145/|url-status=dead|access-date=9 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125135652/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/international-business/us-business/johnson-controls-to-merge-with-tyco/article28368145/|archivedate=25 January 2016}}</ref> The merger was completed in September 2016.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 September 2016|title=Johnson Controls and Tyco complete merger|publisher=Johnson Controls|url=http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/media-center/news/press-releases/2016/09/06/johnson-controls-and-tyco-complete-merger}}</ref> Merging with the Irish company allowed Johnson Controls to become an Irish company itself, and enjoy sharply lowered corporate taxes, a process known as a tax inversion. This restructuring came at great expense of the workforce which was reduced by 52% between 2016 and 2022. The same occurred after the takeover of York International in 2005, which led to a reduction of 76% of the workforce between 2005 and 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Johnson Controls: Number of Employees 2006-2021 {{!}} JCI|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/JCI/johnson-controls/number-of-employees|access-date=7 February 2022|website=MacroTrends.net}}</ref>

[[Hillary Clinton]] condemned the company for wanting to escape United States taxes through the merger after having "begged" the government for financial help in 2008.<ref name="Gilbert">{{cite news|last=Gilbert|first=Craig|date=27 January 2016|title=Hillary Clinton slams Johnson Controls-Tyco deal|work=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/hillary-clinton-slams-johnson-controls-tyco-deal-b99659492z1-366736541.html}}</ref> The Johnson deal was termed "outrageous" by ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 January 2016|title=You Won't Believe How Much Johnson Controls' CEO Is Making on the Tyco Deal|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|url=http://fortune.com/2016/01/25/johnson-tyco-ceo-pay-molinaroli/|access-date=26 October 2016}}</ref> The firm estimated that it would save about [[United States dollar|US$]]150 million a year by avoiding American taxes.<ref>{{cite book|last=Reid|first=T.R.|title=A Fine Mess|date=4 April 2017|publisher=Penguin Press|page=2497}}</ref>

=== Tyco international scandal ===
In 2002, former [[chairman]] and [[chief executive]] [[Dennis Kozlowski]] and former [[chief financial officer]] Mark H. Swartz were accused of the theft of more than US$150 million from the company. During their trial in March 2004, they contended the board of directors authorized it as compensation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 December 2013 |title=Ex-Tyco CEO Kozlowski Says He Stole out of Pure Greed |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tyco-kozlowski-release-idUSBRE9B417820131205 |access-date=6 February 2022 }}</ref>

Kozlowski was tried twice. The first attempt was a ruled mistrial when one of the jurors was threatened by the public after being reported to have made an [[OK sign]] towards Kozlowski's lawyers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Judge Declares Kozlowski Mistrial|url=https://www.forbes.com/2004/04/02/cx_da_0402tycomistrial.html|access-date=6 February 2022|website=Forbes }}</ref> Kozlowski testified on his own behalf during the second trial, stating that his pay package was "confusing" and "almost embarrassingly big," but that he never committed a crime as the company's top executive.

On 17 June 2005, after a retrial, Kozlowski and Swartz were convicted on all but one of the more than 30 counts against them. The verdicts carry potential jail terms of up to 25 years in state prison. Kozlowski and Swartz were each sentenced to no less than eight years and four months and no more than 25 years in prison.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press|date=19 September 2005|title=Kozlowski sentenced in Tyco trial|url=https://www.denverpost.com/2005/09/19/kozlowski-sentenced-in-tyco-trial/|access-date=6 February 2022|newspaper=The Denver Post }}</ref> Then in May 2007, [[New Hampshire]] Federal District Court Judge [[Paul Barbadoro]] approved a class action settlement whereby Tyco agreed to pay $2.92 billion (in conjunction with $225 million by Pricewaterhouse Coopers, their auditors) to a class of defrauded shareholders represented by [[Grant & Eisenhofer P.A.]], Schiffrin, Barroway, Topaz & Kessler, and Milberg Weiss & Bershad.

On 17 January 2014, Kozlowski was granted [[parole]] from [[Lincoln Correctional Facility]] in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de la Merced |first=Michael J. |date=3 December 2013 |title=Kozlowski Is Granted Parole |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/12/03/kozlowski-is-granted-parole/ |access-date=6 February 2022 |website=DealBook }}</ref>

=== Bribery charges in China ===
In 2016, Johnson Controls agreed to pay $14.4M to settle Foreign Corrupt Practices Act charges with the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission|SEC]]. According to the SEC, employees of China Marine, a subsidiary of Johnson Controls, employed sham vendors to transfer $4.9M worth of bribes to Chinese government-owned shipyards, to win over businesses and enrich themselves.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 July 2016|title=Johnson Controls pays $14.4 million to end SEC bribery probe |work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-johnson-controls-corruption-idUSKCN0ZR2J5|access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Dockery|first=Stephen|date=11 July 2016|title=Johnson Controls Settles China Corruption Case With SEC |work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/johnson-controls-settles-china-corruption-case-with-sec-1468276763|access-date=7 February 2022|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Johnson Controls}}
* {{Official website}}
{{Finance links
| name = Johnson Controls
| symbol = JCI
| sec_cik = JCI
| yahoo = JCI
| google = JCI
}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Johnson Controls| ]]
[[Category:1885 establishments in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Companies based in Cork (city)]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Electric vehicle battery manufacturers]]
[[Category:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning companies]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1885]]
[[Category:Motor vehicle battery manufacturers]]
[[Category:Tax inversions]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the Republic of Ireland]]