Editing Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group

{{Short description|Standard organisation for image formats}}
[[File:Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group logo.svg|thumb|class=skin-invert-image|Logo of Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group (as part of [[Joint Photographic Experts Group]])]]
The '''Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group''' ('''JBIG''') was a group of experts nominated by national standards bodies and major companies to work to produce standards for [[binary image|bi-level image]] coding. The "joint" refers to its status as a committee working on both [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] and [[ITU-T]] standards. It was one of two sub-groups of [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]/[[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29, Working Group 1 (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1), whose official title is ''Coding of still pictures''.<ref name="sc29-wg1">{{cite web |url=http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w12901.htm |title=ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 - Coding of Still Pictures (SC 29/WG 1 Structure) |author=ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 |date=2009-05-07 |accessdate=2009-11-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231055215/http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w12901.htm |archivedate=2013-12-31 }}</ref><ref name="jpeg-sc29">{{cite web|url=http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42901.htm |title=Programme of Work, (Allocated to SC 29/WG 1) |author=ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 |accessdate=2009-11-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231012300/http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42901.htm |archivedate=2013-12-31 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/standards_development/technical_committees/list_of_iso_technical_committees/iso_technical_committee.htm?commid=45316 |title=JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information |author=ISO |accessdate=2009-11-11}}</ref>

The Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group created the [[JBIG]] and [[JBIG2]] standards.<ref name="jpeg-jbig">{{cite web |url=http://www.jpeg.org/committee.html |title=About our committee |author=JPEG, JBIG |date=2007 |accessdate=2009-11-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091017140418/http://www.jpeg.org/committee.html |archivedate=2009-10-17 }}</ref> The group often meets jointly with the JPEG committee, which typically meets three times annually.<ref name="jpeg-work">{{cite web |url=http://www.jpeg.org/working.html |title=How does JPEG work? |author=JPEG |accessdate=2009-11-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612204715/http://jpeg.org/working.html |archivedate=2010-06-12 }}</ref> 

[[ISO/IEC JTC 1|ISO/IEC JTC1]] SC29 Working Group 1 (working together with ITU-T Study Group 16&nbsp;– [[VCEG]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com16/sg16-q6.html |title=ITU-T Home : Study Groups : Study Group 16 - Question 6/16 – Visual coding |accessdate=2010-03-07}}</ref> and previously also with Study Group 8&nbsp;– SG8<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.jpeg.org/public/fcd14492.pdf |format=PDF |title=ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 (ITU-T SG8) - 14492 FCD |date=1999-07-16 |author=JBIG Committee |publisher=jpeg.org |accessdate=2010-03-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612211025/http://jpeg.org/public/fcd14492.pdf |archivedate=2010-06-12 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/1997-2000/com08/questions-sg8.doc |format=DOC |title=ITU-T Study Group 8 List of Questions under Study (Study Period 1997 - 2000) |author=ITU-T |accessdate=2010-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/1997-2000/com08/index.html |title=ITU-T Study Group 8 (Study Period 1997-2000) |author=ITU-T |accessdate=2010-03-07}}</ref>) is responsible for both [[JPEG]] and JBIG standards.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jpeg.org/jbig/index.html | title=Joint Photographic Experts Group, JBIG Homepage | author=JPEG | accessdate=2009-11-08}}</ref> It included two sub-groups: the [[Joint Photographic Experts Group]] (JPEG SG) and the Joint Bi-level Image experts Group (JBIG SG).<ref name="jpeg-jbig" /><ref name="sc29-wg1" /> After completing the 2019 edition of the JBIG2 standard, the JBIG subgroup was closed and its maintenance responsibilities were assigned to the general JPEG group.

In the mid-1980s, both CCITT (now ITU-T) and ISO had standardization groups for image coding: CCITT Study Group (SG) VIII (Telematic Services) and ISO TC97 SC2 WG8 (Coding of Audio and Picture Information).<ref name="chiariglione-jpeg-history">{{cite web|url=http://ride.chiariglione.org/faultline.htm |title=Riding the Media Bits, The Faultline |author=chiariglione.org |date=2009-09-06 |accessdate=2010-02-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122013656/http://ride.chiariglione.org/faultline.htm |archivedate=2011-01-22 }}</ref> They were historically targeted on image communication. In 1986, it was decided to create the Joint (CCITT/ISO) Photographic Expert Group. In 1988, it was decided to create the Joint (CCITT/ISO) Bi-level Image Group&nbsp;– JBIG.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/vica/docs/presentations/S4_P1_Sebestyen.pdf |format=PDF |title=The First Joint ITU ISO/IEC StillImage Compression Standards |author=ITU-T |page=3 |date=2005-07-21 |accessdate=2009-11-12}}</ref><ref name="chiariglione-jpeg-history" />

== Published standards ==
JBIG have developed following standards, which were published by ISO/IEC and/or ITU-T:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Joint Photographic Experts Group - developed standards<ref name="jpeg-sc29">{{cite web|url=http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42901.htm |title=Programme of Work, (Allocated to SC 29/WG 1) |author=ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 |accessdate=2009-11-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231012300/http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/29w42901.htm |archivedate=2013-12-31 }}</ref><ref name="iso-jtc1-sc29">{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=45316 |title=JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information |author=ISO | accessdate=2009-11-07}}</ref>
|-
! width="8%" | Common Name || width="8%" | Part || width="8%" | First public release date (First edition) || width="16%" | ISO/IEC Number || width="15%" | ITU Number || Formal Title
|-
|[[JBIG1]] ||  || 1993 || [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=19498 ISO/IEC 11544] || ITU-T Recommendations [http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.82 T.82], [http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.85 T.85] || Information technology&nbsp;– Coded representation of picture and audio information&nbsp;– Progressive bi-level image compression
|-
|[[JBIG2]] ||  || 2001 || [http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=22394 ISO/IEC 14492] || ITU-T Recommendations [http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.88 T.88], [http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.89 T.89] || Information technology&nbsp;– Lossy/lossless coding of bi-level images
|}
Note: The published JBIG2 standard was revised by three later amendments, which were consolidated into the current (2019) edition.

==See also==
* [[Joint Photographic Experts Group]] (JPEG)
* [[Moving Picture Experts Group]] (MPEG)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.jpeg.org/jbig/ Official JBIG page]

[[Category:Graphics file formats]]
[[Category:Working groups]]
[[Category:JBIG|*]]