Editing Joseph Barbera

{{short description|American animator and cartoonist (1911–2006)}}
{{featured article}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox person 
| name               = Joseph Barbera
| image              = JBarbera.jpg
| caption            = Barbera in 1993
| birth_name         = Joseph Roland Barbera
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1911|3|24}}
| birth_place        = [[New York City]], U.S.
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|2006|12|18|1911|3|24}}
| death_place        = [[Los Angeles]], California, U.S.
| resting place      = [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California]]
| othername          = Joe Barbera
| occupation         = {{hlist|Animator|cartoonist}}
| years_active       = 1930–2006
| employer           = [[Fleischer Studios]] (1932)<br>[[The Van Beuren Corporation]] (1932-1936)<br>[[TerryToons|Terrytoons]] (1936-1937)<br>[[MGM Cartoons]] (1937-1957)
| spouse             = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Dorothy Earl|1935|1963|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Sheila Holden|1963}}
}}
| children           = 4
}}

'''Joseph Roland Barbera''' ({{IPAc-en|b|ɑr|ˈ|b|ɛər|ə}} {{respell|bar|BAIR|ə}};<ref>{{cite book|last1=Olausson|first1=Lena|last2=Sangster|first2=Catherine|year=2006|title=Oxford BBC Guide to Pronunciation|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=165|isbn=0-19-280710-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/nls/who-we-are/guidelines-and-specifications/abc-book/|title=ABC Book|publisher=National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled|access-date=September 5, 2024}}</ref> {{IPA|it|barˈbɛːra|lang}}; March 24, 1911 – December 18, 2006) was an American animator and cartoonist, best known as the co-founder of the animation studio [[Hanna-Barbera]].

Born to [[Italian Americans|Italian immigrants]] in New York City, Barbera joined [[Van Beuren Studios]] in 1927 and subsequently [[Terrytoons]] in 1936.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hanna and Barbera: Conversations |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/201/edited_volume/chapter/3895358 |website=muse.jhu.edu}}</ref> In 1937, he moved to California, and while working at [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] (MGM), Barbera met [[William Hanna]]. The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing ''[[Tom and Jerry]]''.

In 1957, after MGM dissolved its animation department, they co-founded Hanna-Barbera, which became the most successful television animation studio in the business, producing programs such as ''[[The Flintstones]]'', ''[[The Yogi Bear Show|Yogi Bear]]'', ''[[Scooby-Doo, Where Are You?]]'', ''[[Top Cat]]'', ''[[The Smurfs (1981 TV series)|The Smurfs]]'',  ''[[The Huckleberry Hound Show|Huckleberry Hound]]'', and ''[[The Jetsons]]''. In 1967, Hanna-Barbera was sold to [[Taft Broadcasting]] for $12&nbsp;million, but Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company. In 1991, the studio was sold to [[Turner Broadcasting System]],<ref name="TOwife">{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article758281.ece |title=Joseph Barbera |date=December 20, 2006 |work=The Times |access-date=September 20, 2008 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903004352/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article758281.ece |archive-date=September 3, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> which merged with [[Time Warner]], owners of [[Warner Bros.]], in 1996; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors.

Hanna and Barbera directed seven [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]-winning films and won eight [[Emmy Award]]s. Their cartoon shows have become cultural icons, and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media, such as films, books, and toys. Hanna-Barbera's shows had a worldwide audience of over 300 million people in the 1960s and have been translated into more than 28 languages.

==Early and personal life==
Joseph Barbera was born at 10 [[Delancey Street]] in the [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]], [[Lower East Side]] section of [[Manhattan]], New York, to [[Italian Americans|Italian]] [[Sicilians|Sicilian]] immigrants<ref name="ItalianRef">{{cite journal |last=Fiecconi |first=Federico |date=December 20, 2006 |title=Barbera, l'uomo che sfidò Disney |url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/pag_pdf.php?ID=40862 |url-status=dead |format=PDF |journal=Il Giornale |language=it |page=33 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324084503/http://www.ilgiornale.it/pag_pdf.php?ID=40862 |archive-date=March 24, 2012 |access-date=October 12, 2009}}</ref> Vincenzo Barbera (1884–1969), born in [[Castelvetrano]] and Francesca Calvacca (1892–1974), born in [[Sciacca]]. Joseph Barbara's grandmother, also named Francesca, was born in Sciacca as well, as stated in his autobiography, ''My life in 'toons,'' in which he also described himself as Sicilian.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio">{{cite book |last=Barbera |first=Joseph |url=https://archive.org/details/mylifeintoonsfro00barb |title=My Life in "Toons": From Flatbush to Bedrock in Under a Century |publisher=[[Turner Publishing]] |year=1994 |isbn=1-57036-042-1 |location=Atlanta, GA |access-date=August 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215185058/https://archive.org/details/mylifeintoonsfro00barb |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|17–18, 19, 34, 58, 61,128, 208}}<ref name="tcm">{{cite web |year=2009 |title=Biography for Joseph Barbera |url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/participant.jsp?spid=9574&apid=89197 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506013058/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/participant.jsp?spid=9574&apid=89197 |archive-date=May 6, 2022 |access-date=October 12, 2009 |publisher=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref><ref name="ItalianRef" />{{efn|''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' mentioned in a 2006 obituary<ref name="DailyTeleWhitworth"/> that his parents were of Lebanese descent without providing evidence and contradicting what Barbera states in his autobiography.|name=Ethnicity}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Takamoto |first1=Iwao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ipFG84BN9oIC&q=Sicilian |title=Iwao Takamoto: My Life with a Thousand Characters |last2=Mallory |first2=Michael |date=2009 |publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi |isbn=978-1-60473-193-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Fioretti |first1=Daniele |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PaueEAAAQBAJ&dq=joseph+barbera+italian+immigrants&pg=PA83 |title=Italian Americans in Film: Establishing and Challenging Italian American Identities |last2=Orsitto |first2=Fulvio |date=2022-11-30 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-031-06465-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sandler |first1=Kevin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d94BEQAAQBAJ&dq=joseph+barbera+italian&pg=PA1982-IA4 |title=Hanna and Barbera: Conversations |last2=Williams |first2=Tyler Solon |date=2024-04-23 |publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi |isbn=978-1-4968-5045-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-20 |title=Master cartoonist who created Tom and Jerry draws his last |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1537372/Master-cartoonist-who-created-Tom-and-Jerry-draws-his-last.html |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=The Telegraph |language=en}}</ref>{{Excessive citations inline|date=September 2024}} He grew up speaking [[Italian language|Italian]], He had two brothers, Larry (1909–1982) and Ted (1919–1994), both of whom served in [[World War II]]. As a member of the [[United States Army]], Larry participated in the [[Operation Husky|invasion of Sicily]]. Ted was a fighter pilot with the [[United States Army Air Forces]] and served in the [[Aleutian Islands Campaign]].<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|91–95}} Barbera's father, Vincent, was the prosperous owner of three [[barber]]shops who squandered the family fortunes on gambling.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|19}} By the time Barbera was 15, his father had abandoned the family, and his maternal uncle Jim had become a father figure to him.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|22–24}}

Barbera displayed a talent for drawing as early as the first grade.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|25–26}} He graduated from [[Erasmus Hall High School]] in Brooklyn in 1928.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|23}}<ref>English, Merle. [https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/102676617.html?dids=102676617:102676617&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+22%2C+1991&author=Merle+English&pub=Newsday+(Combined+editions)&desc=BROOKLYN+DIARY+Portrait+of+The+Cartoon+Artist+As+a+Young+Man&pqatl=google "BROOKLYN DIARY Portrait of The Cartoon Artist As a Young Man"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114174522/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/102676617.html?dids=102676617:102676617&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+22%2C+1991&author=Merle+English&pub=Newsday+(Combined+editions)&desc=BROOKLYN+DIARY+Portrait+of+The+Cartoon+Artist+As+a+Young+Man&pqatl=google |date=November 14, 2012 }}, ''[[Newsday]]'', September 22, 1991. Accessed October 22, 2009. "But his most cherished memories are of his days at Erasmus Hall High School, from which he was graduated in 1928."</ref> While in high school, Barbera won several [[boxing]] titles. He was briefly managed by World Lightweight Boxing Champion [[Al Singer]]'s manager but soon lost interest in boxing.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|30–32}} In 1935, Barbera married his high school sweetheart, Dorothy Earl. In school, they had been known as "Romeo and Juliet".<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|28}}

Barbera and his wife briefly separated when he went to [[California]]. They reunited but were on the verge of another separation when they discovered that Dorothy was pregnant with their first child. They had four children: two sons, Neal and an infant boy who died two days after his birth, and two daughters, Lynn and Jayne, who has been a producer in her own right.<ref>{{IMDb name|0053481|Jayne Barbera}}</ref> The marriage officially ended in 1963.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|58, 61, 66, 90, 129}} Shortly after his divorce, Barbera met his second wife, Sheila Holden, sister of British rock and roll singer [[Vince Taylor]], at Musso & Frank's restaurant, where she worked as [[bookkeeper]] and cashier. Unlike Dorothy, who preferred to stay at home with the children, Sheila enjoyed the [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] social scene that Barbera often frequented.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|137–139, 147}}<ref name="TOwife"/>

==Career==

===Early career===
During high school, Barbera worked as a tailor's delivery boy.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|28}} In 1929, he became interested in animation after watching a screening of [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[The Skeleton Dance]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Solomon |first1=Charles |title=Joseph Barbera, 95; animation giant co-created 'Flintstones,' 'Yogi Bear' |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-dec-19-me-barbera19-story.html |access-date=December 14, 2017 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=December 16, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529045902/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/dec/19/local/me-barbera19 |archive-date=May 29, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> During the [[Great Depression]], he tried unsuccessfully to become a cartoonist for ''The NY Hits Magazine''. He supported himself with a job at a bank and continued to pursue publication for his cartoons. His magazine drawings of single cartoons, not comic strips, began to be published in ''[[Redbook]]'', ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'', and ''[[Collier's]]''—the magazine with which he had the most success.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|35–36}} Barbera also wrote to Walt Disney for advice on getting started in the [[animation]] industry.<ref name="GrantBio">{{cite book |last=Grant |first=John |title=Masters of Animation |year=1994 |publisher=Watson-Guptill Publications |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-8230-3041-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/mastersofanimati00gran_0}}</ref>{{rp|105}} Disney wrote back, saying he would call Barbera during an upcoming trip to New York, but the call never occurred.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|38}}<ref name="NYTBarberaObit">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/19/arts/19barbera.html |title=Joseph Barbera, Half of Cartoon Duo, Dies at 95 |last=Itzkoff |first=Dave |date=December 19, 2006 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216163426/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/19/arts/19barbera.html |archive-date=December 16, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Barbera took art classes at the [[Art Students League of New York]] and the [[Pratt Institute]] and was hired to work in the [[Traditional animation#Traditional ink-and-paint and camera|ink and paint]] department of [[Fleischer Studios]]. In 1932, he joined the Van Beuren Studios as an animator and [[storyboard]] artist.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|38–42}} He worked on cartoon series such as ''Cubby Bear'' and ''Rainbow Parades'' and an earlier ''[[Tom and Jerry (Van Beuren)|Tom and Jerry]]''. This ''Tom and Jerry'' series starred two humans; it was unrelated to Barbera's later cat-and-mouse series, although both of these cartoons adopted the name coined in [[Life in London (novel)|''Life in London'']], a 1821 British novel written by [[Pierce Egan]]. When Van Beuren closed in 1936, Barbera moved to [[Paul Terry (cartoonist)|Paul Terry]]'s Terrytoons studio.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|53–54}}

In 1935, Barbera created his first solo-effort storyboard about a character named ''Kiko the Kangaroo''. The storyline was of Kiko in an airplane race with another character called ''Dirty Dog''. Terry declined to produce the story. In his autobiography, Barbera said of his efforts&nbsp;...<blockquote>"I was, quite honestly, not in the least disappointed. I had proven to myself that I could do a storyboard, and that I had gained the experience of presenting it. For now, that was enough."</blockquote>The original storyboard, passed down through the Barbera family, went on sale at auction in November 2013.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Staff |title=Animation Art Auction catalog, November 20 & 24, 2013, Beverly Hills |journal=Heritage Auctions |date=November 2013 |volume=7086 |page=145 |url=http://comics.ha.com/c/item.zx?saleNo=7086&lotNo=95445 |access-date=November 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113163624/http://comics.ha.com/c/item.zx?saleNo=7086&lotNo=95445 |archive-date=November 13, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Barbera |first=Joseph |title=My life in 'toons : from Flatbush to Bedrock in under a century |year=1994 |publisher=Turner Pub. |location=Atlanta, GA |isbn=978-1-57036-042-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LAzWAAAAMAAJ&q=joe+barbera+my+life+in+toons |edition=1st |access-date=October 23, 2015 |archive-date=May 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506013056/https://books.google.com/books?id=LAzWAAAAMAAJ&q=joe+barbera+my+life+in+toons |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Film===
Lured by a substantial salary increase, Barbera left Terrytoons and New York for the new [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio]] in California in 1937.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|58–59}}<ref name="GrantBio"/>{{rp|106}} He found that Los Angeles suffered just as much from the Great Depression as Brooklyn and almost returned to Brooklyn.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|201}}

Barbera's desk was opposite that of [[William Hanna]]. The two quickly realized they would make a good team.<ref name="AutoBiog">{{cite book |last=Hanna |first=William |author2=Tom Ito |title=A Cast of Friends |publisher=Da Capo Press |location=Emeryville, California |year=2000 |isbn=0-306-80917-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHhw_ZgO6WoC |access-date=August 18, 2008 |archive-date=January 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102033446/http://books.google.com/books?id=pHhw_ZgO6WoC |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|Foreword}} By 1939, they had solidified a partnership that would last over 60 years.<ref name="Meshing">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/william-hanna-728958.html |title=William Hanna |last=Vallance |first=Tom |date=March 24, 2001 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=August 4, 2008 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717013717/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/william-hanna-728958.html |archive-date=July 17, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="APobit">{{cite news |url=http://www.newsday.com/news/a-cartoon-king-is-dead-at-90-1.352770 |title=A Cartoon King Is Dead at 90 |date=March 22, 2001 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=August 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201741/http://www.newsday.com/news/a-cartoon-king-is-dead-at-90-1.352770 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |url-status=live}}{{Subscription required}}</ref> Barbera and Hanna worked alongside animator [[Tex Avery]], who had created [[Daffy Duck]] and co-created [[Bugs Bunny]] for [[Warner Bros. Cartoons|Warner Bros.]] and directed ''[[Droopy]]'' cartoons at MGM.<ref name="AutoBiog"/>{{rp|33}}<ref name="50CatMouse">{{cite book |last=Adams |first=T. R. |title=Tom and Jerry: 50 years of Cat and Mouse |publisher=Crescent Books, a Random House Company |location=New York, NY |year=1991 |isbn=0-517-05688-7}}</ref>{{rp|18}}

In 1940, Hanna and Barbera jointly directed ''[[Puss Gets the Boot]]'', which was nominated for an [[Academy Award for Animated Short Film|Academy Award for Best (Cartoon) Short Subject]].<ref name="DreamTeam">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1237649.stm |title=The cartoon dream team |date=March 21, 2001 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=August 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305054753/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1237649.stm |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="UPI">
{{cite news |title=Legendary cartoonist William Hanna dies |date=March 23, 2001 |work=[[United Press International]]}}</ref> The studio wanted a diversified cartoon portfolio, so despite the success of ''Puss Gets the Boot'', Barbera and Hanna's supervisor, [[Fred Quimby]], did not want to produce more cat and mouse cartoons, believing that those were already enough.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|75–76}} Surprised by the success of ''Puss Gets the Boot'', Barbera and Hanna ignored Quimby's resistance<ref name="AutoBiog"/>{{rp|45}} and continued developing the cat-and-mouse theme.

By this time, Hanna wanted to return to working for [[Rudolf Ising]], to whom he felt very loyal. Barbera and Hanna met with Quimby, who discovered that although Ising had taken sole credit for producing ''Puss Gets the Boot'', he never worked on it.  Quimby, who wanted to start a new animation unit independent from Ising, then permitted Hanna and Barbera to pursue their cat-and-mouse idea. The result was their most famous creation, ''Tom and Jerry''.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|78–79}}

Modeled after the ''Puss Gets the Boot'' characters with slight differences, the series followed Jerry, the pesky rodent who continuously outwitted his feline foe, Tom.<ref name="GuardianObit">{{cite news |title=William Hanna: Master animator whose cartoon creations included Tom and Jerry and the Flintstones |last=Gifford |first=Denis |date=March 24, 2001 |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/mar/24/guardianobituaries.filmnews1 |access-date=August 21, 2008 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307232341/http://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/mar/24/guardianobituaries.filmnews1 |archive-date=March 7, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TelegraphObit">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1327678/William-Hanna.html |title=William Hanna |date=November 22, 2001 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=August 16, 2008 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222024618/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1327678/William-Hanna.html |archive-date=February 22, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hanna said they settled on this cartoon's cat and mouse theme because "we knew we needed two characters. We thought we needed conflict, chase, and action. And a cat after a mouse seemed like a good, basic thought."<ref name="CNSobit">{{cite news |title=Hanna Obit |date=March 22, 2001 |work=City News Service&nbsp;– Los Angeles}}</ref> The revamped characters first appeared in 1941's ''[[The Midnight Snack]]''.<ref name="AutoBiog"/>{{rp|46}} Over the next 17 years, Barbera and Hanna worked exclusively on ''Tom and Jerry'',<ref name="DreamTeam"/> directing more than 114 popular cartoon shorts.<ref name="CNepisodeguide">{{cite web |url=http://www.cartoonnetwork.com/tv_shows/tomjerry/index.html |title=Tom and Jerry: Episode Guide |year=2008 |publisher=Cartoon Network |access-date=September 25, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924175741/http://www.cartoonnetwork.com/tv_shows/tomjerry/index.html |archive-date=September 24, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> During World War II, they also made animated training films.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|92–93}}

''Tom and Jerry'' relied mostly on motion instead of dialog.<ref name="APobit"/>  Despite its popularity, ''Tom and Jerry'' have often been criticized as excessively violent.<ref name="Sennett">{{cite book |last=Hanna |first=William |author2=Joseph Barbera |author3=with Ted Sennett |title=The Art of Hanna-Barbera: Fifty Years of Creativity |year=1989 |publisher=Viking Studio Books |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-670-82978-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/artofhannabarber00teds}}</ref>{{rp|42}}<ref name="Smoodin">{{cite journal |last=Smoodin |first=Eric |title=Cartoon and Comic Classicism: High-Art Histories of Lowbrow Culture |journal=American Literary History |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, England |date=Spring 1992 |volume=4 |issue=1|pages=129–140 |doi=10.1093/alh/4.1.129 }}</ref>{{rp|134}}  The series won its first Academy Award for the 11th short, ''[[The Yankee Doodle Mouse]]'' (1943)—a war-time adventure.<ref name="GuardianObit"/> ''Tom and Jerry'' was nominated for 14 Academy Awards, winning 7,<ref name="WashPost">{{cite news |last=Pearson |first=Richard |title=William Hanna TV Animator |date=March 25, 2001 |page=C04 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> more than any other animated series featuring the same characters.<ref name="Meshing"/><ref name="CBSobit">{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/animation-legend-william-hanna-dead/ |title=Animation Legend William Hanna Dead |date=March 21, 2001 |work=[[CBS News]] |access-date=August 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217232441/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2001/03/22/entertainment/main281056.shtml |archive-date=February 17, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Tom and Jerry also made guest appearances in several of  MGM's live-action films, including ''[[Anchors Aweigh (film)|Anchors Aweigh]]'' (1945) and, ''[[Invitation to the Dance (film)|Invitation to the Dance]]'' (1956) with [[Gene Kelly]], and ''[[Dangerous When Wet]]'' (1953) with [[Esther Williams]].<ref name="CBSobit"/><ref name="NYTt&j">{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E6D7143CF930A15750C0A9679C8B63 |title=William Hanna Dies at 90; Created Cartoon Characters |date=March 23, 2001 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=August 6, 2008 |archive-date=May 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506013059/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/23/arts/william-hanna-dies-at-90-created-cartoon-characters.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CNNobit">{{cite news |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/SHOWBIZ/TV/03/23/obit.hanna/index.html |title=Animation legend William Hanna dies at 90 |date=March 23, 2001 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=August 6, 2008|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515161203/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/SHOWBIZ/TV/03/23/obit.hanna/index.html |archive-date=May 15, 2008}}</ref>

In addition to his work in animated cartoons, Barbera and ''Tom and Jerry'' layout artist [[Harvey Eisenberg]] moonlit to run a comic book company named Dearfield Publishing.<ref name="STUEP3">Shostak, Stu (November 3, 2011). "[http://www.stusshow.com/archives.php Interview with Jerry Eisenberg, Scott Shaw!, and Earl Kress] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404053345/http://www.stusshow.com/archives.php|date=April 4, 2019}}". ''Stu's Show.'' Retrieved March 18, 2013. [[Jerry Eisenberg]], [[Scott Shaw!]], and [[Earl Kress]] were all former employees of Hanna-Barbera over the years, and relate the history of the studio to host Stu Shostak</ref> Active from 1946 to 1951, Dearfield's titles included ''"Red" Rabbit Comics'', ''Foxy Fagan'', and ''Junie Prom''.<ref name="ComicsDearfield">{{cite web |url=http://comicsobserver.com/2012/11/21/thank-you-comic-books/ |last1=Blake |first1=Corey |last2=Shaw! |first2=Scott |author-link2=Scott Shaw! |title=Thank You, Comic Books! |date=November 14, 2012 |work=The Comics Observer |access-date=May 12, 2013|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112152812/http://comicsobserver.com/2012/11/21/thank-you-comic-books/ |archive-date=January 12, 2015}}</ref><ref name="ComicsFF">{{cite web |url=http://www.comics.org/publisher/2405/ |title=Dearfield Publishing |work=Grand Comics Database |access-date=May 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424000932/http://www.comics.org/publisher/2405/ |archive-date=April 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Quimby accepted each Academy Award for ''Tom and Jerry'' without inviting Barbera and Hanna onstage. The cartoons were also released with Quimby listed as the sole producer, following the same practice for which he had condemned Ising.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|83–84}} Quimby once delayed a promised raise to Barbera by six months.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|82}} When Quimby retired in late 1955, Hanna and Barbera were placed in charge of MGM's animation division.<ref name="NYTBarberaObit"/><ref name="Meshing"/> As MGM began to lose more revenue on animated cartoons due to television,<ref name="TimesLondon">{{cite news |title=William Hanna |date=March 24, 2001 |work=[[The Times]]}}</ref><ref name="DailyRecord">{{cite news |last=Moore |first=Ron |title=Toons King Dies; Hanna's Magic Touch Brought Us Fred, Yogi, and Scooby-Doo |date=March 24, 2001 |work=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]}}</ref> the studio soon realized that re-releasing old cartoons was far more profitable than producing new ones.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|2–3, 109}} In 1957, MGM ordered Barbera and Hanna's business manager to close the cartoon division and lay off everyone phone.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|2–3, 109}} Barbera and Hanna found the no-notice closing puzzling because ''Tom and Jerry'' had succeeded.<ref name="CBSobit"/>

===Television===
[[File:Bill Hanna Joseph Barbera 1965.jpg|thumb|Barbera (left) and [[William Hanna]] from a television special for the premiere of their new ''Secret Squirrel''/''Atom Ant'' television program]]
In 1957, Barbera reteamed with his former partner Hanna to produce cartoon films for television and theatrical release.<ref name="TelegraphObit"/> The two brought their different skills to the company as they had at MGM. Barbera was a skilled gag writer and sketch artist, while Hanna had a gift for timing, story construction, and recruiting top artists. Major business decisions would be made together, though each year, the title of president alternated between them.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|120}}<ref name="NYTBarberaObit"/><ref name="AutoBiog"/>{{rp|77, 146}}  A [[Coin flipping|coin toss]] gave Hanna precedence in the naming of the new company <ref name="AutoBiog"/>{{rp|Foreword}} first called H-B Enterprises but soon changed to [[Hanna-Barbera|Hanna-Barbera Productions]].<ref name="NYTBarberaObit"/><ref name="DailyRecord"/> Barbera and Hanna's MGM colleague [[George Sidney]], the director of ''Anchors Aweigh'', became the third partner and business manager in the company and arranged a deal for distribution and working capital with [[Screen Gems]], the television division of [[Columbia Pictures]], who took part ownership of the new studio.<ref name="AutoBiog"/>{{rp|81–83}}

The first offering from the new company was ''[[The Ruff & Reddy Show]]'',<ref name="TelegraphObit"/> a series which detailed the friendship between a dog and a cat.<ref name="MuseumTV">{{cite web |url=http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/H/htmlH/hannawillia/hannawillia.htm |title=Hanna, William, and Joseph Barbera: U.S. Television Animators |last=Mullen |first=Megan |publisher=[[Museum of Broadcast Communications]] |access-date=August 10, 2008|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926192748/http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/H/htmlH/hannawillia/hannawillia.htm |archive-date=September 26, 2013}}</ref>  Despite a lukewarm response for their first theatrical venture, ''[[Loopy De Loop]]'', Hanna-Barbera soon established themselves with two successful television series: ''[[The Huckleberry Hound Show]]'' and ''[[The Yogi Bear Show]]''. A 1960 survey showed that half of the viewers of ''Huckleberry Hound'' were adults.  This prompted the company to create a new animated series, ''The Flintstones''.<ref name="CNNobit"/><ref name="GoldenAge">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6193603.stm |title=Hanna Barbera's golden age of animation |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=December 19, 2006 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=August 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305192210/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6193603.stm |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> A parody of ''[[The Honeymooners]]'', the new show followed a typical [[Stone Age]] family with home appliances, talking animals, and celebrity guests.  With an audience of both children and adults, ''The Flintstones'' became the first animated prime-time show to be a hit.<ref name="CNNobit"/><ref name="MuseumTV"/><ref name="BBCobit">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1237370.stm |title=Legendary American cartoonist dies |date=March 21, 2001 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=August 10, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305195610/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1237370.stm |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fred Flintstone]]'s signature exclamation, ''"yabba dabba doo,"'' soon entered everyday usage,<ref name="DailyTeleWhitworth">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/12/20/nbarbera20.xml |title=Master cartoonist who created Tom and Jerry draws his last |first=Melissa |last=Whitworth |location=New York |access-date=February 18, 2007 |publisher=Telegraph.co.uk |date=December 20, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107100221/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2006%2F12%2F20%2Fnbarbera20.xml |archive-date=November 7, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CNNobit"/> and the show boosted the studio to the top of the TV cartoon field.<ref name="NYTt&j"/> The company later produced a futuristic version of ''The Flintstones'', known as ''[[The Jetsons]]''.  Although both shows reappeared in the 1970s and 1980s, ''The Flintstones'' was far more popular.<ref name="MuseumTV"/>

By the late 1960s, Hanna-Barbera Productions was the business's most successful television animation studio. The Hanna-Barbera studio produced over 3000&nbsp;animated half-hour television shows.<ref name="CNNobit"/> Among the more than 100&nbsp;cartoon series they produced were ''[[The Quick Draw McGraw Show]]'', ''[[Top Cat]]'', ''[[Jonny Quest (TV series)|Jonny Quest]]'', ''[[The Magilla Gorilla Show]]'', ''[[The Atom Ant/Secret Squirrel Show]]'', ''[[Scooby-Doo]]'', ''[[Super Friends]]'', and ''[[The Smurfs (1981 TV series)|The Smurfs]]''.<ref name="TelegraphObit"/><ref name="CBSobit"/><ref name="HeraldObit">{{cite news |title=William Hanna; Cartoon scriptwriter with a natural gift for gags and comic timing |last=Kerr |first=Alison |date=March 24, 2001 |work=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] |page=16}}</ref> The company also produced animated specials based on [[Alice in Wonderland (or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This?)|''Alice in Wonderland'']], ''[[Jack and the Beanstalk]]'', [[Cyrano de Bergerac (play)|''Cyrano de Bergerac'']], and feature-length films [[Charlotte's Web (1973 film)|''Charlotte's Web'']] and ''[[Heidi's Song]]''.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|228–230}}

As popular as their cartoons were with 1960s audiences, they were disliked by artists.<ref name="NYTvision">{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E06E0D91231F933A05751C1A9679C8B63 |title=The Times They Lived: William Hanna, B. 1910; Stone-Age Visionary |last=Nash |first=Eric P. |date=December 30, 2001 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=August 15, 2008 |archive-date=May 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506013058/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/30/magazine/the-lives-they-lived-william-hanna-b-1910-stone-age-visionary.html |url-status=live }}</ref>  Television programs had lower budgets than theatrical animation, and this economic reality caused many animation studios to go out of business in the 1950s and 1960s, putting many people in the industry out of work.<ref name="APobit"/><ref name="GoldenAge"/>  Hanna-Barbera was key in developing of an animation technique known as [[limited animation]],<ref name="Wells"/>{{rp|75}}<ref name="Thompson"/>{{rp|54}} which allowed television animation to be more cost-effective but often reduced quality.<ref name="TelegraphObit"/><ref name="CBSobit"/><ref name="HeraldObit"/><ref name="IndBuncombe">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/film-and-tv/news/william-hanna-the-cartoonist-who-transformed-animation-dies-aged-90-688796.html |title=William Hanna, the cartoonist who transformed animation, dies aged 90 |last=Buncombe |first=Andrew |date=March 24, 2001 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=August 17, 2008 |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703090151/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/william-hanna-the-cartoonist-who-transformed-animation-dies-aged-90-688796.html |archive-date=July 3, 2009}}</ref>  Hanna and Barbera had first experimented with these techniques in the early days of ''Tom and Jerry''.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|74, 115}} To reduce the cost of each episode, shows often focused more on character dialogue than detailed animation.<ref name="APobit"/><ref name="NYTvision"/>

The number of drawings for a seven-minute cartoon decreased from 14,000 to nearly 2,000, and the company implemented innovative techniques such as rapid background changes to improve viewing.<ref name="GoldenAge"/>  Critics criticized the change from detailed animation to repetitive movements by two-dimensional characters.<ref name="NYTvision"/>  Barbera once said that they chose to adapt to the television budgets or change careers.<ref name="Wells">{{cite book |last=Wells |first=Paul |title=Animation and America |publisher=Rutgers University Press |location=New Brunswick, NJ |isbn=0-8135-3160-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8YAXkfe__H8C |access-date=August 23, 2008 |year=2002 |archive-date=May 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506013058/https://books.google.com/books?id=8YAXkfe__H8C |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|75}}<ref name="Thompson">{{cite journal |last=Thompson |first=Kirsten Moana |date=January 12, 2004 |title=Animation and America by Paul Wells |journal=Film Quarterly |publisher=University of California Press |volume=58 |issue=2}}</ref>{{rp|54}} The new style did not limit the success of their animated shows, enabling Hanna-Barbera to stay in business, providing employment to many who would otherwise have been out of work.<ref name="GoldenAge"/> Limited animation paved the way for future animated series such as ''[[The Simpsons]]'', ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]'', and ''[[South Park]]''.<ref name="NYTvision"/><ref name="IrishObit">{{cite news |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/obituaries/2001/0331/01033100098.html |title=William Hanna |last=Hogan |first=Sean |date=March 23, 2001 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |page=16 |access-date=August 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020141718/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/obituaries/2001/0331/01033100098.html |archive-date=October 20, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In December 1966, Hanna-Barbera Productions was sold to Taft Broadcasting, renamed Great American Communications in 1987, for $12&nbsp;million.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|162, 235–236}} Barbera and Hanna remained at the head of the company until 1991.<ref name="Scotsman">{{cite news |title=William Hanna, animator and cartoon creator |last=Alasdair |first=Steven |date=March 28, 2001 |work=The Scotsman}}</ref>{{rp|16}}<ref name="CoHist">{{cite book |title=International Directory of Company Histories |publisher=St. James Press |location=Farmington Hills, MI |year=1998 |volume=23 |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/HannaBarbera-Cartoons-Inc-Company-History.html |access-date=August 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724183008/http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/HannaBarbera-Cartoons-Inc-Company-History.html |archive-date=July 24, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Variety">{{cite news |title=William Hanna |last=Natale |first=Richard |author2=Phil Gallo |date=March 21, 2001 |work=Variety}}</ref>{{rp|151}} The company was sold to the Turner Broadcasting System for an estimated $320&nbsp;million.<ref name="TOwife"/> Turner began using Hanna-Barbera's television catalog as material for its new [[Cartoon Network]] cable channel in 1992, and by the mid-1990s, Hanna-Barbera was producing several original series for Cartoon Network, among them ''[[Dexter's Laboratory]]'' and ''[[The Powerpuff Girls]]''.<ref name="MuseumTV"/> In 1996, Turner merged with Time Warner, owners of Warner Bros., who would eventually absorb Hanna-Barbera into [[Warner Bros. Animation]].<ref name="jbarberainterviewvideo">{{Cite video |people=[[Leonard Maltin]] |title=Interview with Joseph Barbera |medium=Digital |publisher=[[Archive of American Television]] |date=1997 |url=http://www.emmytvlegends.org/interviews/people/joseph-barbera |access-date=November 16, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404215604/http://www.emmytvlegends.org/interviews/people/joseph-barbera |archive-date=April 4, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Barbera and Hanna continued to advise their former company. They periodically worked on new Hanna-Barbera shows, including shorts for the series ''[[The Cartoon Cartoon Show]]'' and feature film versions of ''[[The Flintstones (film)|The Flintstones]]'' (1994) and ''[[Scooby-Doo (film)|Scooby-Doo]]'' (2002).<ref name="CNNobit"/><ref name="Collectibles">{{cite journal |last=Rinker |first=Harry L. |date=February 1996 |title=William Danby Hanna and Joseph Roland Barbera |journal=Antiques & Collecting Magazine |volume=100 |issue=12 |page=24}}</ref> In a new ''Tom and Jerry'' cartoon produced in 2000, ''[[The Mansion Cat]]'', Barbera voiced the house owner.<ref name="TWpostHanna">{{cite web |url=http://www.timewarner.com/corp/newsroom/pr/0,20812,1571324,00.html |title=Animation Legend Joseph Barbera Died Today |date=December 18, 2006 |publisher=Time Warner |access-date=September 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211025756/http://www.timewarner.com/corp/newsroom/pr/0,20812,1571324,00.html |archive-date=February 11, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Ten days before Hanna's death from throat cancer in March 2001, Hanna-Barbera was absorbed into [[Warner Bros. Animation]], with the unit dedicated to the Cartoon Network original series spun off into [[Cartoon Network Studios]]. Barbera remained active as an executive producer for Warner Bros. on direct-to-video cartoon features and television series such as ''[[What's New, Scooby-Doo?]]'' and ''[[Tom and Jerry Tales]]''.<ref name="TWpostHanna"/><ref name="BBCNewsObit">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3542632.stm |title=Obituary: Joseph Barbera |date=December 18, 2006 |work=BBC News |access-date=September 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070906140938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3542632.stm |archive-date=September 6, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> He also wrote, co-storyboarded, co-directed, and co-produced ''[[The Karate Guard]]'' (2005), the return of ''Tom and Jerry'' to the big screen.<ref name="IndependentKarateGuard">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/joseph-barbera-429307.html |title=Joseph Barbera |last=Vallance |first=Tom |date=December 6, 2006 |work=The Independent |access-date=September 20, 2008 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213024400/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/joseph-barbera-429307.html |archive-date=December 13, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="GothamistGuard">{{cite web |url=http://gothamist.com/2006/12/19/joseph_barbera.php |title=Joseph Barbera, 1911–2006 |last=Carlson |first=Jen |date=December 19, 2006 |publisher=Gothamist |access-date=September 20, 2008|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109090912/http://gothamist.com/2006/12/19/joseph_barbera.php |archive-date=January 9, 2016}}</ref> His final animated project was the direct-to-video feature ''[[Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale]]'' (2007).<ref name="NutTale">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1114698/ |title=Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale |year=2007 |publisher=Imdb |access-date=September 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101194311/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1114698/ |archive-date=January 1, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Death==
On December 18, 2006, Barbera died of [[natural causes]] at his home in [[Studio City]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], at 95, ending a seventy-year career in animation.<ref name="Dallas">{{cite web | url = http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/ent/stories/121906dnentbarberaobit.1e1b331.html | title = Cartoon creator Joe Barbera dies | access-date = December 18, 2006 | date = December 18, 2006 | publisher = Dallas Morning News / [[Associated Press|AP]] | archive-date = January 4, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070104045819/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/ent/stories/121906dnentbarberaobit.1e1b331.html | url-status = live }}</ref> His wife Sheila was at his side at the end;<ref name="Dallas" /> he was also survived by three children from his first marriage: Jayne (who worked for Hanna-Barbera), Lynn, and Neal.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|105–107}} He is buried at [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]] in Glendale, California.

==Legacy==
Most of the cartoons Barbera and Hanna created revolved around close friendship or partnership; this theme is evident with Fred and Barney, Wilma Flintstone and Betty Rubble, Dick Dastardly and Muttley, Tom and Jerry, Scooby and Shaggy, Ruff and Reddy, Jake Clawson/Razor and Chance Furlong/T-Bone, The Jetson family and Yogi & Boo-Boo. These may have reflected the close business friendship and partnership that Barbera and Hanna  shared for over 60 years.<ref name="AutoBiog"/>{{rp|214}} Professionally, they balanced each other's strengths and weaknesses very well,<ref name="Meshing"/><ref name="NYTt&j"/><ref name="CNNobit"/><ref name="IrishObit"/> but Barbera and Hanna traveled in entirely different social circles. Hanna's circle of personal friends primarily included other animators. Barbera socialized with Hollywood celebrities—[[Zsa Zsa Gabor]] was a frequent visitor to his house.<ref name="AutoBiog"/>{{rp|52–53, 137–139, 147, 222–224}}

Their division of work roles complemented each other, but they rarely talked outside of work since Hanna was interested in the outdoors and Barbera liked beaches and good food and drink.<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|120–121}} In their long partnership, in which they worked with over 2,000 animated characters, Barbera and Hanna rarely exchanged a cross word.<ref name="TelegraphObit"/> Barbera said: "We understood each other perfectly, and each of us had a deep respect for the other's work."<ref name="DreamTeam"/> Hanna once told that Barbera could "capture mood and expression in a quick sketch better than anyone I've ever known."<ref name="BBCNewsObit"/>

Barbera and Hanna were also among the first animators to realize the enormous potential of television.<ref name="IndBuncombe"/><ref name="USAToday">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/2001-03-22-hanna-obit.htm |title=Cartoon pioneer William Hanna dead at 90 |date=March 23, 2001 |work=USA Today |access-date=August 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227071520/http://www.usatoday.com/life/2001-03-22-hanna-obit.htm |archive-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Leonard Maltin]] says the Hanna–Barbera team "held a record for producing consistently superior cartoons using the same characters year after year—without a break or change in routine. Their characters are not only animated superstars, but also a very beloved part of American pop culture".<ref name="CNNobit"/><ref name="superior">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/dec/19/usa.media |title=Joe Barbera, creator of cartoon classics, dies at 95 |last=Glendinning |first=Lee |date=December 19, 2006 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=August 4, 2008 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307205000/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/dec/19/usa.media |archive-date=March 7, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>  They are often considered Walt Disney's only rivals in cartoon animation.<ref name="TelegraphObit"/><ref name="Aussie">{{cite news |title=Cat and mouse game fathered TV cartoon empire |last=Juddery |first=Mark|author-link=Mark Juddery |date=March 29, 2001 |newspaper=The Australian |publisher=News Limited |page=12}}</ref>

Barbera and Hanna had a lasting impact on television animation.<ref name="Scotsman"/>{{rp|16}} Cartoons they created often make the ''greatest'' lists.<ref name="MuseumTV"/><ref name="GreatestList">{{cite news |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/TV/07/30/cartoon.characters/index.html |title=Bugs Bunny tops greatest cartoon characters list |date=July 30, 2002 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=August 14, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208043937/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/SHOWBIZ/TV/07/30/cartoon.characters/index.html |archive-date=February 8, 2008}}</ref> Many of their characters have appeared in films, books, toys, and other media.<ref name="Collectibles"/> Their shows had a worldwide audience of over 300&nbsp;million people in the 1960s and have been translated into more than 20&nbsp;languages.<ref name="GoldenAge"/> The works of Barbera and Hanna have been praised not only for their animation but for their music. ''[[The Cat Concerto]]'' (1946) and ''[[Johann Mouse]]'' (1952) have both been called "masterpieces of animation" largely because of their classical music.<ref name="Meshing"/><ref name="Sennett"/>{{rp|34}}<ref name="Smoodin"/>{{rp|133}}

The Hanna–Barbera team won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards,<ref name="AMawards">{{cite web |url=http://www.allmovie.com/cg/avg.dll?p=avg&sql=2:93352~T3 |title=William Hanna&nbsp;– Awards |publisher=[[allmovie]] |access-date=August 12, 2008|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426195934/http://www.allmovie.com/cg/avg.dll?p=avg |archive-date=April 26, 2006}}</ref><ref name="IndVallanceB">{{cite news |title=Joseph Barbera: Animation pioneer whose creations with William Hanna included the Flintstones and Tom and Jerry |last=Vallance |first=Tom |date=December 20, 2006 |work=The Independent}}</ref>{{rp|32}} including the 1960 award for ''The Huckleberry Hound Show'', which was the first Emmy awarded to an animated series.<ref name="CNNobit"/><ref name="MuseumTV"/> They also won these awards: Golden Globe for Television Achievement (1960),<ref name="AMawards"/> Golden IKE Award – Pacific Pioneers in Broadcasting (1983), Pioneer Award – [[Broadcast Music Incorporated]] (1987), Iris Award – NATPE Men of the Year (1988), Licensing Industry Merchandisers' Association award for Lifetime Achievement (1988), Governors Award of the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (1988), Jackie Coogan Award for Outstanding Contribution to Youth through Entertainment Youth in Film (1988), Frederic W. Ziv Award for Outstanding Achievement in Telecommunications – Broadcasting Division College – Conservatory of Music [[University of Cincinnati]] (1989), stars on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] (1976), several [[Annie Award]]s,<ref name="AutoBiog"/>{{rp|170}} several environmental awards, and were recipients of numerous other accolades before their induction into the [[Television Hall of Fame]] in 1994.<ref name="AutoBiog"/>{{rp|171}}<ref name="CNNobit"/><ref name="MuseumTV"/> In March 2005, the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences and Warner Bros. Animation dedicated a wall sculpture at the Television Academy's Hall of Fame Plaza in North Hollywood to Hanna and Barbera.<ref name="DailyVariety1">{{cite news |title=The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences on Wednesday unveiled a 1,200-pound bronze wall sculpture, dedicated to animators and show creators Joseph Barbera and the late William Hanna, at its Hall of Fame Plaza in North Hollywood. |date=March 17, 2005 |work=[[Daily Variety]]}}</ref>

In 1992, Barbera met with pop musician [[Michael Jackson]], an avid cartoon fan, in an unsuccessful attempt to arrange for Jackson to sing in ''[[Tom and Jerry: The Movie]]''. Barbera drew five quick sketches of ''Tom and Jerry'' for Jackson and autographed them. Jackson autographed a picture of himself and his niece Nicole for Barbera with the words: "To my hero of yesterday, today, and tomorrow, with many thanks for all the many cartoon friends you gave me as a child. They were all I had. – Michael"<ref name="BarberaAutoBio"/>{{rp|236–237}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography}}
* [[Golden age of American animation]]
* [[Tom and Jerry filmography]]
* [[List of works produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions]]
* ''[[Peace on Earth (film)|Peace on Earth]]'' (remade by Barbera and Hanna as ''Good Will to Men'')
* [[Tom and Jerry#Filmography|''Tom and Jerry'' awards and nominations]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Cawley |first=John |author2=Jim Korkis |title=The Encyclopedia of Cartoon Superstars: From a to (Almost Z) |year=1990 |publisher=Pioneer |location=Las Vegas, NV |isbn=1-55698-269-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Erickson |first=Hal |title=Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949–1993 |year=1987 |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |location=Jefferson City, NC |isbn=0-7864-0029-3}}
* {{cite book |author-link1=Maurice Horn |last=Horn |first=Maurice |title=The World Encyclopedia of Cartoons |year=1980 |publisher=Chelsea House Publishing |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-87754-088-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Lenburg |first=Jeff |title=William Hanna and Joseph Barbera: The Sultans of Saturday Morning |year=2011 |publisher=Chelsea House |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-60413-837-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Mallory |first=Michael |title=Hanna Barbera Cartoons |year=1987 |publisher=Universe |location=Englewood, NJ |isbn=0-88363-108-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Maltin |first=Leonard |title=Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons |year=1987 |publisher=[[New American Library]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-452-25993-2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0053484|name= Joseph Barbera}}
* [http://www.hannabarbera.com/ Hanna Barbera Studios]
* {{Find a Grave|17074913}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130530043905/http://www.newsfromme.com/archives/2006_12_18.html#012601 Mark Evanier's recollections]
* [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6644591 National Public Radio Joe Barbera Obituary by Joe Bevilacqua]
* [http://www.prx.org/pieces/372 1990 WNYC Radio Interview with Joe Barbera by Joe Bevilacqua]
* {{emmytvlegends name|joseph-barbera}}

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Joseph Barbera
|list =
{{EmmyAward GovernorsAward}}
{{1994 Television Hall of Fame}}
{{Winsor McCay Award 1970s}}
}}
{{Hanna-Barbera}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barbera, Joseph}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American artists]]
[[Category:20th-century American screenwriters]]
[[Category:American animated film directors]]
[[Category:American animated film producers]]
[[Category:American comedy film directors]]
[[Category:American storyboard artists]]
[[Category:American television directors]]
[[Category:American voice directors]]
[[Category:American writers of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Animation screenwriters]]
[[Category:Animators from California]]
[[Category:Animators from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]]
[[Category:Daytime Emmy Award winners]]
[[Category:Directors of Best Animated Short Academy Award winners]]
[[Category:Erasmus Hall High School alumni]]
[[Category:Film directors from New York City]]
[[Category:Film producers from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Hanna-Barbera people]]
[[Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio people]]
[[Category:People from Flatbush, Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Pratt Institute alumni]]
[[Category:Primetime Emmy Award winners]]
[[Category:Television producers from New York City]]
[[Category:Terrytoons people]]
[[Category:DC Comics people]]