Editing Judith Anderson

{{Short description|Australian stage and screen actress (1897–1992)}}
{{Use Australian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix   = [[Dame]]
| name               = Judith Anderson
| honorific_suffix   = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|AC|DBE}}
| image              = Judith Anderson in The Strange Love of Martha Ivers (1946).jpg
| caption            = Anderson in ''[[The Strange Love of Martha Ivers]]'' (1946)
| birth_name         = Frances Margaret Anderson
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|df=yes|1897|2|10}}
| birth_place        = [[Adelaide]], [[Colony of South Australia]]
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1992|1|3|1897|2|10}}
| death_place        = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S.
| spouse             = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Benjamin Harrison Lehmann|1937|1939|end=div}}
* {{marriage|Luther Greene|1946|1951|end=div}}
}}
| occupation         = Actress
| years_active       = 1915–1987
}}
'''Dame Frances Margaret Anderson'''<!-- born Frances Margaret Anderson, not Frances Margaret Anderson-Anderson; see reflinks --> (10 February 1897{{spaced ndash}}3 January 1992), known professionally as '''Judith Anderson''', was an Australian actress who had a successful career in stage, film, and television. 

A pre-eminent stage actress in her era, she won two [[Emmy Award]]s and a [[Tony Award]], and was also nominated for a [[Grammy Award]] and an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]. She is considered one of the 20th century's greatest classical stage actors.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

==Early life==
Frances Margaret Anderson was born in 1897 in [[Adelaide]], South Australia,<ref>According to the United States Social Security Death Index (SSDI), the California Deaths Index Registry and Genealogy SA, Anderson was born in 1897, but sources traditionally cited 1898 as her year of birth.</ref> the youngest of four children born to Jessie Margaret (née Saltmarsh; 19 October 1862 – 24 November 1950), a former nurse, and Scottish-born James Anderson Anderson, a sharebroker and pioneering prospector.<!-- NO hyphen between Anderson Anderson as per South Australia legal records; Judith Anderson's name is registered as Frances Margaret Anderson, not Frances Margaret Anderson Anderson --><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190502175850/https://genealogysa.org.au/?option=com_search&id=1&s=QW5kZXJzb24=&g=RnJhbmNlcyBNYXJnYXJldA==&c=&y=MTg5Nw==&r=NQ== Genealogy SA index, showing year of birth was 1897 not 1898]</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=Judith Anderson Biography| url=https://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800017822/bio| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522120534/http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800017822/bio| url-status=dead| archive-date=22 May 2011| work=Yahoo! Movies| year=2008| access-date=11 May 2008}}</ref>

She attended a private school, Norwood, where her education ended before graduation.<ref>{{cite web| title=Current Biography Yearbook| volume=2| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYoYAAAAIAAJ&q=norwood+judith+anderson| publisher=H.W. Wilson Co., 1941| access-date=31 October 2016| quote=Judith Anderson was born in Adelaide, South Australia, the ... to give the girl eight years of good schooling at two private institutions in South Australia, Rose Park and Norwood.| year=1941}}</ref>

==Career==
===Early acting===
She made her professional debut (as Francee Anderson) in 1915, playing Stephanie at the [[Theatre Royal, Sydney|Theatre Royal]], Sydney, in ''A Royal Divorce''. Leading the company was Scottish actor Julius Knight, whom she later credited with laying the foundations of her acting skills.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223478216 |title=Judith Anderson |newspaper=[[Sun Newspapers (Northern Territory)|The Sun]] |location=Darwin |issue=1240 |date=2 January 1927 |access-date=5 December 2018 |page=28 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> She appeared alongside him in adaptations of ''The Scarlet Pimpernel'', ''The Three Musketeers'', ''Monsieur Beacauire'', and ''David Garrick''. In 1917, she toured New Zealand.<ref name="new" />

===Early years in America===
Anderson was ambitious and wanted to leave Australia. Most local actors went to London, but the war made this difficult, so she decided on the U.S.<ref name="later" /> She travelled to California, but was unsuccessful for four months, then moved to New York, with an equal lack of success.<ref>{{cite web| first=Anne| last=Heywood| title=Anderson, Frances Margaret (Judith)| url=http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/IMP0006b.htm|publisher=National Foundation for Australian Women| work=Australian Women's Archives Project| date=7 May 2003| access-date=11 May 2008}}</ref><ref name="new" />

After a period of poverty and illness, she found work with the Emma Bunting Stock Company at the [[Fourteenth Street Theatre]] in 1918–19. She then toured with other stock companies.<ref name="new" />

===Broadway and film===
She made her [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] debut in ''Up the Stairs'' (1922) followed by ''The Crooked Square'' (1923), and she went to Chicago with ''Patches'' (1923). She appeared in ''Peter Weston'' (1923), which only had a short run.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223345275 |title=Judith Anderson's First Chance |newspaper=[[Weekly Times]] |issue=3004 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=26 March 1927 |access-date=5 December 2018 |page=16 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

One year later, she had changed her acting forename (albeit not for legal purposes) to Judith and had her first triumph with the play ''Cobra'' (1924) co-starring [[Louis Calhern]], which ran for 35 performances. Anderson then went on to ''The Dove'' (1925), which went on for 101 performances and really established her on Broadway.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16341116 |title=Judith Anderson. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |issue=27,754 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=17 December 1926 |access-date=5 December 2018 |page=15 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref name="new">{{cite news| title=The Story of Judith Anderson| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1925/02/15/archives/the-story-of-judith-anderson.html| newspaper=The New York Times| date=15 February 1925| page=X2| url-access=subscription}}</ref>

She toured Australia in 1927 with three plays: ''Tea for Three'', ''[[The Green Hat (play)|The Green Hat]]'', and ''Cobra''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anderson, Frances Margaret (known as Judith) 1897–1992 |url=http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=529&c=3742 |website=SA Memory |publisher=State Library of South Australia|access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tB5VcdRYu8oC |editor-first1=Robert |editor-last1=Dixon |editor-first2=Veronica |editor-last2=Kelly |title=Impact of the Modern: Vernacular Modernities in Australia 1870s–1960s |publisher=Sydney University Press |date=1 January 2008|isbn=978-1920898892}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article204201570 |title=Judith Anderson|newspaper=[[The Age]] |issue=22,433 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=28 February 1927 |access-date=5 December 2018 |page=10 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Back on Broadway, she was in ''Behold the Bridegroom'' (1927–28) by George Kelly, and had the lead role in ''Anna'' (1928).<ref>{{cite news| title=New Play for Judith Anderson| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1928/04/13/archives/new-play-for-judith-anderson.html| newspaper=The New York Times| date=13 April 1928| page=A31| url-access=subscription}}</ref> She replaced [[Lynn Fontanne]] during the successful run of ''[[Strange Interlude]]'' (1929).

Anderson made her film debut in a short for Warner Bros., "Madame of the Jury" (1930). She made her feature-film debut with a role in ''[[Blood Money (1933 film)|Blood Money]]'' (1933).

In 1931, she played the Unknown Woman in the American premiere of [[Luigi Pirandello|Pirandello]]'s ''As You Desire Me'', which ran for 142 performances. (It was [[As You Desire Me (film)|filmed]] the following year with [[Greta Garbo]] in the same role.) She was in a short-lived revival of ''[[Mourning Becomes Electra]]'' (1932), then did ''Firebird'' (1932), ''Conquest'', ''The Drums Begin'' (both 1933), and ''The Mask and the Face'' (1933, with [[Humphrey Bogart]]). Anderson then focused on Broadway with ''Come of Age'' (1934) and ''Divided By Three'' (1934).<ref>Chapman, John (25 January 1952). "Judith Anderson Excels in Play". ''[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]'', page A10.</ref>

===Broadway star===
She had a big hit with the lead in [[Zoe Akins]]' ''[[The Old Maid (play)|The Old Maid]]'' (1935) from the novel by [[Edith Wharton]], in the role later played [[The Old Maid (1939 film)|on film]] by [[Miriam Hopkins]]. It ran for 305 performances.

In 1936, Anderson played [[Gertrude (Hamlet)|Gertrude]] to [[John Gielgud]]'s [[Hamlet]] in a production that featured [[Lillian Gish]] as Ophelia.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gish |first1=Lillian |title=Dorothy and Lillian Gish |year=1973 |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |location=[[New York City]] |isbn=978-0333153925 |page=206}}</ref> In 1937, she joined the [[Old Vic Theatre|Old Vic Company]] in London and played [[Lady Macbeth]] opposite [[Laurence Olivier]] in a production by [[Michel Saint-Denis]], at the Old Vic and the [[Noël Coward Theatre|New Theatre]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17422564 |title=Judith Anderson Has London Success |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |issue=31,177 |date=4 December 1937 |access-date=5 December 2018 |page=19 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

She returned to Broadway with ''Family Portrait'' (1939), which she adored, but only it had a short run. She later toured in the show.<ref>"Judith Anderson to Tour", ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'', 19 October 1939: 16.</ref><ref name="later">Smith, Cecil (22 April 1985). "Dame Judith Anderson: Living, Working Legend". ''Los Angeles Times'', page G2.</ref>

===''Rebecca''===
[[File:RebeccaTrailer.jpg|thumb|Anderson (left) as Mrs. Danvers terrorizes the second Mrs. de Winter, played by Joan Fontaine (right) in a still from ''Rebecca''.]]

Anderson then received a career boost when she was cast in [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s ''[[Rebecca (1940 film)|Rebecca]]'' (1940). As the housekeeper Mrs. Danvers, she was required to mentally torment the young bride, the "second Mrs. de Winter" ([[Joan Fontaine]]), even encouraging her to commit suicide, and to taunt her husband ([[Laurence Olivier]]) with the memory of his first wife, the never-seen "Rebecca" of the title. The film was a huge critical and commercial success, and Anderson was nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] at the [[13th Academy Awards]].

===1940s===
[[File:Judith Anderson in Laura trailer.jpg|right|thumb|250px|From the trailer for the film ''[[Laura (1944 film)|Laura]]'' (1944)]]
Anderson was second billed in an [[Eddie Cantor]] comedy, ''[[Forty Little Mothers]]'' (1940) at [[MGM]]. She stayed at that studio for ''[[Free and Easy (1941 film)|Free and Easy]]'' (1941), then went over to [[RKO]] to play the title role in ''[[Lady Scarface]]'' (1941).

In 1941, she played Lady Macbeth again in New York City opposite [[Maurice Evans (actor)|Maurice Evans]] in a production staged by [[Margaret Webster]], a role she was to reprise with Evans on television, [[Macbeth (1954 TV drama)|firstly in 1954]] and [[Macbeth (1960 American film)|then again in 1960]] (the second version was released as a feature film in Europe). This ran for 131 performances.

Anderson made her appearance in [[Robinson Jeffers]]' ''The Tower Beyond Tragedy'' at the outdoor [[Forest Theater]] in [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]], on July 2–5, 1941. This was the first time it played in a professional manner. John Burr's ''[[Carmel Pine Cone]]'' review admired Anderson's performance and proclaimed the production was “an unqualified success." Director [[Charles O'Neal]] persuaded Anderson to appear in both ''The Tower Beyond Tragedy'' and the ''Family Portrait.''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/ccarm_002388/page/n15/mode/2up?q=%22The+Tower+Beyond+Tragedy%22+%22Judith+Anderson%22+%22John+Burr%22|title=Robinson Jeffers' Play Unqualified Success| pages=3, 16 |work=Carmel Pine cone| date=July 4, 1941|access-date=2023-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Connie Wright|url=https://carmelcares.org/storiesofoldcarmel/index.html |title=Stories of Old Carmel: A Centennial Tribute From The Carmel Residents Association|publisher=Carmel Residents Association|chapter=Judith Anderson & The Tower Beyond Tragedy Broadway Comes to the Forest Theater |place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|date=2014|pages=160–161}}</ref>

She returned to films to make four movies at Warner Bros.: ''[[All Through the Night (film)|All Through the Night]]'' and ''[[Kings Row]]'' (both 1942), and ''[[Edge of Darkness (1943 film)|Edge of Darkness]]'' and ''[[Stage Door Canteen (film)|Stage Door Canteen]]'' (both 1943).

In 1942–43, on stage she played Olga in [[Anton Chekhov|Chekhov]]'s ''[[Three Sisters (play)|Three Sisters]]'', in a production, which also featured [[Katharine Cornell]], [[Ruth Gordon]], [[Edmund Gwenn]], [[Dennis King (actor)|Dennis King]], and [[Alexander Knox]]. ([[Kirk Douglas]], playing an orderly, made his Broadway debut in the production.) It ran for 123 performances.<ref>{{cite book| last=Mosel| first=Ted| author2=[[Gertrude Macy]]| title=Leading Lady: The World and Theatre of Katharine Cornell| url=https://archive.org/details/leadingladyworld00mose/page/447/mode/2up/search/three+sisters| page=447| url-access=registration| year=1978| publisher=Little, Brown| location=Boston| isbn=978-0316585378}}</ref> The production was so illustrious, it was featured on the cover of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19421221,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019052553/http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19421221,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 October 2008 |title=TIME Magazine Cover: Katharine Cornell, Judith Anderson & Ruth Gordon |magazine=Time |date=21 December 1942 |access-date=27 July 2010}}</ref>

Anderson returned to Hollywood to appear in ''[[Laura (1944 film)|Laura]]'' (1944). She briefly returned to Australia to tour American army camps.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17913116 |title=Judith Anderson in Australia |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |issue=33,243 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=11 July 1944 |access-date=5 December 2018 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> She was back in Hollywood to appear in ''[[And Then There Were None (1945 film)|And Then There Were None]]'' (1945), ''[[The Diary of a Chambermaid (1946 film)|The Diary of a Chambermaid]]'' (1946), and ''[[The Strange Love of Martha Ivers]]'' (1946). Anderson had rare top billing in ''[[Specter of the Rose]]'' (1946), written and directed by [[Ben Hecht]]. She returned to support roles for ''[[Pursued (1947 film)|Pursued]]'' (1947), ''[[The Red House (film)|The Red House]]'' (1947), and ''[[Tycoon (1947 film)|Tycoon]]'' (1947).

===''Medea''===
In 1947, she triumphed as [[Medea (play)|Medea]] in a version of [[Euripides]]' eponymous tragedy, written by poet Robinson Jeffers and produced by John Gielgud, who played Jason. She was a friend of Jeffers and a frequent visitor to his home [[Tor House and Hawk Tower|Tor House]] in Carmel.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hicks |first=Jack |title=The Literature of California: Native American beginnings to 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKTFMg14VIwC |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley and Los Angeles |year=2000 |page=641 |isbn=978-0-520-21524-5}}</ref> She won the [[Tony Award]] for [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play|Best Actress]] for her performance. The show ran for 214 performances. Anderson then toured throughout the country with it.<ref name="medea">Scheuer, Philip K. (26 September 1948). "Judith Anderson Puts Her All Into Amazing ''Medea'' Portrayal: Judith Anderson Gives Her All to ''Medea'' Role". ''Los Angeles Times'', page D1.</ref>

===1950s===
On the big screen, Anderson played a golddigger in [[Anthony Mann]]'s Western ''[[The Furies (1950 film)|The Furies]]'' (1950) and made her TV debut in a 1951 adaptation of ''[[The Silver Cord (play)|The Silver Cord]]'' for ''[[Pulitzer Prize Playhouse]]''. She guest-starred on TV shows such as ''[[The Billy Rose Show]]'' and ''[[Somerset Maugham TV Theatre]]''.

She returned to Broadway with ''The Tower Beyond Tragedy'' by Jeffers (1950), and toured ''Medea'' in German in 1951.<ref name="medea" /> She was in a New York revival of ''Come of Age'' in 1952. She was Herodias in ''[[Salome (1953 film)|Salome]]'' (1953) and played in ''[[Black Chiffon]]'' on ''[[The Motorola Television Hour]]''.

In 1953, she was directed by [[Charles Laughton]] in his own adaptation of [[Stephen Vincent Benét]]'s ''[[John Brown's Body]]'' with a cast also featuring [[Raymond Massey]] and [[Tyrone Power]]. Then, she did ''In the Summer House'' (1953–54) on Broadway.

[[File:Judith Anderson in The Ten Commandments film trailer.jpg|thumb|Anderson in the trailer for ''[[The Ten Commandments (1956 film)|The Ten Commandments]]'']]
On television, she was in ''[[Macbeth (1954 film)|Macbeth]]'' (1954) with Maurice Evans, for which she won an Emmy Award for Best Actress in a Single Performance,<ref>"Judith Anderson Signed", ''Chicago Daily Tribune'', 19 September 1954, page R3.</ref> and ''[[The Elgin Hour]]''. She was in several episodes of ''[[The Star and the Story]]'' and an episode of ''[[Climax! ]]'', as well as playing Memnet in [[Cecil B. DeMille]]'s epic ''[[The Ten Commandments (1956 film)|The Ten Commandments]]'' (1956).<ref>Lane, Lydia (28 October 1956). "Judith Anderson Never Let Self-Pity Hamper Success". ''Los Angeles Times'', page D7.</ref>

In 1955, she toured Australia with ''Medea''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article236257320 |title=Judith Anderson – a magnificent Medea |newspaper=[[Tribune (Australian newspaper)|Tribune]] |issue=917 |location=Sydney|date=19 October 1955 |access-date=5 December 2018 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> In 1956, she was in a production of ''[[Caesar and Cleopatra (play)|Caesar and Cleopatra]]'' for ''[[Producers' Showcase]]''.

Anderson appeared in a 1958 adaptation of ''[[The Bridge of San Luis Rey]]'' for ''[[The DuPont Show of the Month]]'' and played the memorable role of Big Mama, alongside [[Burl Ives]] as Big Daddy, in the screen adaptation of [[Tennessee Williams]]'s play, ''[[Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958 film)|Cat on a Hot Tin Roof]]'' (1958). She followed it with a return to Broadway, in the short-lived ''Comes a Day'' by Speed Lampkin (1958). "I don't profess to know much about films", she said around this time. "I seldom see one."<ref>Scott, John L. (1 June 1958). "Judith Anderson: Lady Macbeth to Medea to Big Mamma With Ease: Judith Anderson Stage Superwoman". ''Los Angeles Times'', page E1.</ref>

Anderson reprised her performance as ''[[Medea (1959 film)|Medea]]'' for TV in 1959; in the same year, she appeared in a small-screen adaptation of ''[[The Moon and Sixpence (TV movie)|The Moon and Sixpence]]'' with Laurence Olivier. She had a role in the ''[[Wagon Train]]'' episode "The Felizia Kingdom Story", and appeared in several episodes of ''[[Playhouse 90]]'' and one of ''[[Our American Heritage]]''. 

===1960s===
In 1960, she played Madame Arkadina in Chekhov's ''[[The Seagull]]'' first at the [[Edinburgh Festival]], and then at the Old Vic, with [[Tom Courtenay]], [[Cyril Luckham]] and [[Tony Britton]].{{citation needed|date=July 2011}}

That year she also performed in ''[[Cradle Song (1960 film)|Cradle Song]]'' and ''[[Macbeth (1960 American film)|Macbeth]]'' (both 1960) for TV. She won The Emmy Award for Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role, for once again playing Lady MacBeth. She had support roles in ''[[Cinderfella]]'' (1960) and ''[[Don't Bother to Knock (1961 film)|Why Bother to Knock]]'' (1961).

In 1961, she toured an evening in which she performed ''Macbeth'', ''Medea'' and ''Tower''.<ref>Smith, Cecil (12 November 1961). "The Show? Just Call It Judith Anderson". ''Los Angeles Times'', page A16.</ref> Anderson was in ''[[The Ghost of Sierra de Cobre]]'' (1964) for TV.

In 1966, she did a performance on stage in ''Elizabeth the Queen'', which received poor reviews.<ref>{{cite news| title=Judith Anderson to Star in Hallmark TV Drama| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/05/05/archives/judith-anderson-to-star-in-hallmark-tv-drama-elizabeth-the-queen.html| first=George| last=Gent| newspaper=The New York Times| date=5 May 1967| page=77| url-access=subscription}}.</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Dame Judith Sees No Glory in the Gutter| first=Judy| last=Stone| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/01/28/archives/dame-judith-sees-no-glory-in-the-gutter.html| newspaper=The New York Times| date=28 January 1968| page=D27| url-access=subscription}}</ref>

She received acclaim for her lead performance in a TV version of ''[[Elizabeth the Queen (film)|Elizabeth the Queen]]'' (1968, with [[Charlton Heston]]). She followed it with ''[[The File on Devlin]]'' (1969) and ''[[A Man Called Horse (film)|A Man Called Horse]]'' (1970). The latter was her first feature since ''Why Bother to Knock''.<ref>{{cite news| title=Judith Anderson as Sioux| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/10/12/archives/judith-anderson-as-sioux.html| newspaper=The New York Times| date=12 October 1968| page=35| url-access=subscription}}</ref>

In 1970, she realised a long-held ambition to play the title role of ''Hamlet'' on a national tour of the United States and at New York City's [[Carnegie Hall]].<ref>{{cite journal| title=Crossing Genre, Age and Gender: Judith Anderson as Hamlet| first=Fiona| last=Gregory| url=https://jadtjournal.org/2014/05/29/crossing-genre-age-and-gender-judith-anderson-as-hamlet/| volume=26| number=2| journal=The Journal of American Drama and Theatre| year=2014| access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>

===Spoken word and radio===
Anderson also recorded many [[spoken-word]] record albums for [[Caedmon Audio]] from the 1950s to the 1970s, including scenes from ''Macbeth'' with Maurice Anderson (Victor, in 1941), an adaption of ''Medea'', [[Robert Louis Stevenson]] verses, and readings from [[the Bible]]. She received a Grammy nomination for her work on the ''[[Wuthering Heights]]'' recording.

===Return to Australia===
Anderson returned briefly to Australia. She guest-starred in ''[[Matlock Police]]'' and was in the film ''[[Inn of the Damned]]'' (1974).

Her other credits that decade included ''[[The Borrowers (1973 film)|The Borrowers]]'' (1973) and ''[[The Chinese Prime Minister]]'' (1974)

===Later career===
In 1982, she returned to ''Medea'', this time playing the Nurse opposite [[Zoe Caldwell]] in the title role. Caldwell had appeared in a small role in the Australian tour of ''Medea'' in 1955–56. She was nominated for the [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play]].

In 1984, she appeared in ''[[Star Trek III: The Search for Spock]]'' as the [[Vulcan (Star Trek)|Vulcan]] High Priestess T'Lar.

That same year, she commenced a three-year stint as matriarch Minx Lockridge on the daytime NBC soap opera ''[[Santa Barbara (TV series)|Santa Barbara]]'' elapsing from 1984 until 1987. When asked why, she replied "Why not? It's practically the same as doing a play."<ref>{{cite news| title=Dame Judith Anderson To Appear In New NBC-TV Soap Opera| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/11/arts/dame-judith-anderson-to-appear-in-new-nbc-tv-soap-opera.html| last=Kaplan| first=Peter W.| date=11 June 1984| newspaper=The New York Times| url-access=subscription}}</ref> She had professed to be a fan of the daytime genre – she had watched ''[[General Hospital]]'' for 20 years – but after signing with ''Santa Barbara'', she complained about her lack of screen time. The highlight of her stint was when Minx tearfully revealed the horrific truth that she had switched the late Channing Capwell with Brick Wallace as a baby, preventing her illegitimate grandson from being raised as a Capwell. This resulted in her receiving a [[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series|Supporting Actress]] Emmy nomination although her screen time afterwards diminished to infrequent appearances. After leaving the series, she was succeeded in the role by the quarter-century younger American actress [[Janis Paige]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

Her last movies were ''The Booth'' and ''[[Impure Thoughts]]'' (both 1985).

==Personal life==
Anderson was married twice and declared that "neither experience was a jolly holiday":<ref>{{cite book| first1=Billy J.| last1=Harbin| author2=Kim Marra| author3=Robert A. Schanke| title=The Gay & Lesbian Theatrical Legacy| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zeaFlyP8-CwC&q=anderson| publisher=University of Michigan Press| year=2005| page=29| isbn=978-0472098583| access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
* Benjamin Harrison Lehmann (1889–1977), an English professor at the [[University of California at Berkeley]];<ref>[http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb4q2nb2nd&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00041&toc.depth=1&toc.id= Benjamin Harrison Lehman, English; Dramatic Art: Berkeley (1889–1977), Professor of English, Emeritus profile], University of California, accessed 19 August 2014.</ref> they wed in 1937 and divorced in August 1939. By this marriage, she had a stepson, Benjamin Harrison Lehmann Jr. (born 1918).<!-- still alive?? --><ref>''Decennial Report: Harvard University, Class of 1911'' (Four Seas Company, 1921), p. 245</ref><ref>[[Langston Hughes]], Joseph McLaren, and Arnold Rampersad, ''The Collected Works of Langston Hughes'', page 392</ref>
* [[Luther Greene]] (1909–1987), a theatrical producer, and she were married in July 1946 and divorced in 1951.<ref>{{cite news| title=Luther Greene Is Dead; Landscaper, Producer| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/04/obituaries/luther-greene-is-dead-landscaper-producer.html| newspaper=The New York Times| date=4 June 1987}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite news |date=June 4, 1987 |title=Luther Greene Is Dead; Landscaper, Producer |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/04/obituaries/luther-greene-is-dead-landscaper-producer.html |via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>

==Death==
Anderson spent much of her life in [[Santa Barbara, California]], where she died of [[pneumonia]] in 1992, aged 94.<ref>Pace, Eric (4 January 1992). [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/04/arts/dame-judith-anderson-dies-at-93-an-actress-of-powerful-portrayals.html "Dame Judith Anderson Dies at 93; An Actress of Powerful Portrayals"], ''The New York Times'', p. 27.</ref>

==Honours==
Anderson was created a [[Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (DBE) in 1960 and thereafter was often billed as "[[Dame]] Judith Anderson".<ref name=LAT>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-01-04-mn-1282-story.html| title=Dame Judith Anderson, 93; Acclaimed for Classic Roles | newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| last=Morrison| first=Patt| date=4 January 1992| access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>

On 10 June 1991, in the [[1991 Queen's Birthday Honours (Australia)|1991 Australian Queen's Birthday Honours]], she was appointed a [[Companion of the Order of Australia]] (AC), "in recognition of service to the performing arts".<ref>{{cite web| title=Australian Honours: Anderson, Judith| url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/870331| work=It's an Honour| publisher=Governor-General of Australia| year=2008| access-date=11 May 2008| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129122923/https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/870331| archive-date=29 January 2019| df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===Features===
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" 
|-
! Year
!  Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
|1930 || ''Madame of the Jury'' || ||Short 
|-
|1933 || ''[[Blood Money (1933 film)|Blood Money]]'' || Ruby Darling ||
|-
|rowspan=2|1940 || ''[[Rebecca (1940 film)|Rebecca]]'' ||[[Mrs. Danvers]]||
|-
| ''[[Forty Little Mothers]]'' ||Madame Madeleine Granville||
|-
|rowspan=2|1941 || ''[[Free and Easy (1941 film)|Free and Easy]]'' || Lady Joan Culver ||
|-
| ''[[Lady Scarface]]'' || Slade   ||
|-
|rowspan=2|1942 || ''[[All Through the Night (film)|All Through the Night]]'' || Madame ||
|-
| ''[[Kings Row]]'' || Mrs. Harriet Gordon ||
|-
|rowspan=2|1943 || ''[[Edge of Darkness (1943 film)|Edge of Darkness]]'' || Gerd Bjarnesen ||
|-
| ''[[Stage Door Canteen (film)|Stage Door Canteen]]''||Judith Anderson ||
|-
|1944 || ''[[Laura (1944 film)|Laura]]'' || Ann Treadwell ||
|-
|1945 || ''[[And Then There Were None (1945 film)|And Then There Were None]]'' || Emily Brent ||
|-
|rowspan=3|1946 || ''[[The Diary of a Chambermaid (1946 film)|The Diary of a Chambermaid]]'' || Madame Lanlaire ||
|-
| ''[[The Strange Love of Martha Ivers]]'' ||Mrs. Ivers ||
|-
| ''[[Specter of the Rose]]'' || Madame La Sylph ||
|-
|rowspan=3|1947 || ''[[Pursued]]'' || Mrs. Callum ||
|-
| ''[[The Red House (film)|The Red House]]'' || Ellen Morgan ||
|-
| ''[[Tycoon (1947 film)|Tycoon]]'' || Miss Braithwaite ||
|-
|1950 || ''[[The Furies (1950 film)|The Furies]]'' ||Flo Burnett ||
|-
|1953 || ''[[Salome (1953 film)|Salome]]'' || [[Herodias|Queen Herodias]]||
|-
|1956 || ''[[The Ten Commandments (1956 film)|The Ten Commandments]]'' ||Memnet ||
|-
|1958 || ''[[Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958 film)|Cat on a Hot Tin Roof]]'' || Big Momma Pollitt ||
|-
|1960 || ''[[Cinderfella]]''|| Wicked Stepmother ||
|-
|1961 || ''[[Don't Bother to Knock (1961 film)|Don't Bother to Knock]]'' || Maggie Shoemaker ||
|-
|1970 || ''[[A Man Called Horse (film)|A Man Called Horse]]''|| Buffalo Cow Head ||
|-
|1975 ||''[[Inn of the Damned]]'' ||Caroline Straulle ||
|-
|1984 ||''[[Star Trek III: The Search for Spock]]'' || T'Lar ||
|-
|1986 || ''[[Impure Thoughts]]''|| The Sister of Purgatory ||
|}

===Partial television credits===
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" 
|-
! Year
!  Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
|1951 || ''[[Pulitzer Prize Playhouse]]'' ||Mrs. Phelps ||Episode: "The Silver Cord"
|-
|rowspan=2|1954 || ''[[Macbeth (1954 film)|Macbeth]]'' ||[[Lady Macbeth]] || TV movie
|-
|''[[The Motorola Television Hour]]'' ||Alicia ||Episode: "Black Chiffon"
|-
|1958 ||''[[The DuPont Show of the Month]]''|| Marchioness of Montemayor||Episode: "The Bridge of San Luis Rey"
|-
|rowspan=3|1959 ||''[[Wagon Train]]'' || Felizia Kingdom ||Episode: "The Felizia Kingdom Story"
|- 
|''[[The Moon and Sixpence (1959 film)|The Moon and Sixpence]]'' || Tiare ||rowspan=4|TV movie
|-
| ''A Christmas Festival''|| Narrator of the final offering
|-
|rowspan=3|1960|| ''[[Cradle Song (1960 film)|Cradle Song]]'' || The Prioress
|-
|''[[Macbeth (1960 American film)|Macbeth]]'' ||Lady Macbeth 
|-
|''[[Our American Heritage]]'' ||Margaret Morrison Carnegie ||Episode: "Millionaire's Mite"
|-
|1964 || ''[[The Ghost of Sierra de Cobre]]'' || Paulina ||rowspan=7|TV movie
|-
|1968 ||''[[Elizabeth the Queen (film)|Elizabeth the Queen]]'' || [[Queen Elizabeth I]]
|-
|1969 || ''[[The File on Devlin]]'' || Elizabeth Devlin
|-
|1973 || ''[[The Borrowers (1973 film)|The Borrowers]]''|| Aunt Sophy
|-
|rowspan=2|1974 ||''[[The Underground Man (1974 film)|The Underground Man]]'' || Mrs. Snow
|-
| ''[[The Chinese Prime Minister]]'' || She
|-
|1983 || ''Medea'' ||Nurse  
|-
|1984–1987 || ''[[Santa Barbara (TV series)|Santa Barbara]]'' || Minx Lockridge || 66 episodes
|-
|1985 || ''The Booth'' || ||TV movie
|}

===Radio broadcasts===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Program !! Episode/source
|-
| 1953|| ''[[The United States Steel Hour#Theatre Guild on the Air|Theatre Guild on the Air]]'' || ''[[Black Chiffon]]''<ref>{{cite news| last1=Kirby| first1=Walter| title=Better Radio Programs for the Week| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2695625/the_decatur_daily_review/| newspaper=The Decatur Daily Review| date=10 May 1953| page=50| via=[[Newspapers.com]]| access-date=27 June 2015}} {{Open access}}</ref>
|}

==Sources==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060907012817/http://www.library.ucsb.edu/speccoll/pa/pamss06.html Dame Judith Anderson papers], at the [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] Library; accessed 19 August 2014.
* [http://www.nla.gov.au/collect/prompt/andersn.html Dame Judith Anderson prompts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113114506/http://www.nla.gov.au/collect/prompt/andersn.html |date=13 November 2009 }}, at the [[National Library of Australia]] website; accessed 19 August 2014.
* [http://colsearch.nfsa.gov.au/nfsa/search/summary/summary.w3p;page=0;query=%22judith%20anderson%22;resCount=10 Dame Judith Anderson] at the [[National Film and Sound Archive]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last= Alistair |first= Rupert |title= The Name Below the Title : 65 Classic Movie Character Actors from Hollywood's Golden Age |chapter= Judith Anderson |pages= 12–14 |date= 2018 |edition= First |type= softcover |publisher= Independently published |location= Great Britain |isbn = 978-1-7200-3837-5}}
* {{Citation| first=Desley| title=Judith Anderson: Australian Star, First Lady of the American Stage| publisher=Kerr Publishing| isbn=978-1-875703-18-0|author1=Deacon|date=2019}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|0000752}}
* {{IBDB name}}
* [https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/3822%7C90553/Judith-Anderson#overview Judith Anderson] at [[Turner Classic Movies]]

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Judith Anderson
|list =
{{Distinguished Performance Award}}
{{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress}}
{{DramaCriticsBestActress}}
{{TonyAward PlayLeadActress}}
}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|Film|Television}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anderson, Judith}}
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1992 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century British actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses awarded damehoods]]
[[Category:Actresses from Adelaide]]
[[Category:Australian Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Australian expatriate actresses in the United States]]
[[Category:Australian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Australian people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:Australian Shakespearean actresses]]
[[Category:British Shakespearean actresses]]
[[Category:British emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:British expatriate actresses in the United States]]
[[Category:British film actresses]]
[[Category:British soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:British stage actresses]]
[[Category:British television actresses]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of Australia]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in California]]
[[Category:Donaldson Award winners]]
[[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]]
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. contract players]]
[[Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players]]