Editing Juilliard String Quartet

{{Short description|String quartet at the Juilliard School in New York}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name             = Juilliard String Quartet
| image            = Juilliard String Quartet 2018.jpg
| caption          = The Juilliard String Quartet in 2018
| image_size       = 250px
| background       = classical_ensemble
| alias            = The Juilliard Quartet
| origin           = [[New York City]], [[United States]]
| instrument       = 2 violins, 1 viola, 1 cello
| genre            = [[Classical music|Classical]]
| occupation       = [[String quartet]]
| years_active     = 1946–present
| label            = [[Sony Classical]] (formerly [[Columbia Records]] and [[CBS Masterworks]])
| website          = {{URL|https://www.juilliardstringquartet.org/|juilliardstringquartet.org}}
| current_members  = Areta Zhulla <br> Ronald Copes <br> Molly Carr <br> Astrid Schween
| past_members     = ''see below''
}}

The '''Juilliard String Quartet''' is a [[classical music]] [[string quartet]] founded in 1946 at the [[Juilliard School]] in [[New York City|New York]] by [[William Schuman]] and [[Robert Mann]]. Since its inception, it has been the quartet-in-residence at the Juilliard School. It has received numerous awards, including four [[Grammy Awards|Grammys]] and membership in the [[National academy of recording arts and sciences|National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences]] Hall of Fame. In February 2011, the group received the NARAS Lifetime Achievement Award for its outstanding contributions to recorded classical music.

As of 2022, the quartet's members are violinists Areta Zhulla and Ronald Copes, violist Molly Carr, and cellist Astrid Schween.

== History ==

=== First era: 1946–1996 ===
The quartet was founded by Juilliard School president William Schuman and violin faculty member [[Robert Mann]] in 1946.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Oestreich |first=James R. |date=1997-10-29 |title=Juilliard Quartet's Musical Chairs |pages=7 |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/29/arts/juilliard-quartet-s-musical-chairs-sounding-board-for-new-strings-attached-old.html |access-date=2022-08-25}}</ref> The original members were Mann and violinist Robert Koff, violist [[Raphael Hillyer]] and cellist [[Arthur Winograd]]. It began recording with [[Columbia Records]] upon its founding.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Mermelstein |first=David |date=2021-09-13 |title='Juilliard String Quartet: The Early Columbia Recordings, 1949-56' Review: A Long-Awaited Encore |work=[[Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/juilliard-string-quartet-the-early-columbia-recordings-1949-56-william-schumann-robert-mann-robert-koff-raphael-hillyer-arthur-winograd-claus-adam-11631569901 |access-date=2022-08-25}}</ref> Between March and August 1949, the quartet became the first group to record [[Béla Bartók]]'s complete string quartets. Columbia released the recordings in 1950.<ref name=":1" /> Around the time of its public and recording debuts, the Juilliard Quartet quickly established itself as a premier American ensemble on the international level.  

In 1953, the group was the first to record [[Arnold Schoenberg]]'s complete quartets.<ref name=":1" /> In 1955, [[Claus Adam]] replaced Winograd as the group's cellist. In 1958, [[Isidore Cohen]] replaced Koff as second violinist. 

In 1962, the Juilliard String Quartet replaced the [[Budapest String Quartet]] as the [[Library of Congress]]'s quartet in residence.<ref name=":0" /> That year, the quartet performed at the Library with a set of [[List of Stradivarius instruments|Stradivarius instruments]] [[Gertrude Clarke Whittall]] donated in the 1930s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Stewart |first=Laura |date=2007-01-28 |title=Juilliard Quartet: Breadth and depth: [Final Edition] |work=[[The Daytona Beach News-Journal]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/382952542 |access-date=2022-08-26|id={{ProQuest|382952542}} }}</ref> In 1966, Earl Carlyss replaced Cohen as second violinist and three years later, Samuel Rhodes replaced Hillyer as violist.

In 1974, [[Joel Krosnick]] replaced his teacher Adam as the cellist. By 1981, the Juilliard Quartet was said to have performed in over 3,000 concerts in 43 different countries.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rothstein |first=Edward |date=1981-10-09 |title=JUILLIARD QUARTET MARKS 35TH YEAR OF SHARING |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/09/arts/juilliard-quartet-marks-35th-year-of-sharing.html |access-date=2022-08-27}}</ref> In 1986, Joel Smirnoff replaced Carlyss as second violinist.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Hoffman |first=Eva |date=1986-10-05 |title=JUILLARD: A RENEWED QUARTET |pages=29 |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/05/magazine/juillard-a-renewed-quartet.html |access-date=2022-08-25}}</ref>

In 1996, Mann announced his intention to retire.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kozinn |first=Allan |date=1996-12-11 |title=Quartet Losing Its Leader of Five Decades: Juilliard Quartet Is Losing Robert Mann, Its Leader of Five Decades |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/11/arts/quartet-losing-its-leader-of-five-decades.html |access-date=2022-08-27}}</ref> He played his last concert as a member of the quartet at the [[Tanglewood Music Festival]] that year.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Dyer |first=Richard |date=1996-12-20 |title=Mann retires from Juilliard Quartet |work=[[Boston Globe]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/403794100 |access-date=2022-08-25 |id={{ProQuest|403794100}} }}</ref> Smirnoff took over as first violinist and Ronald Copes joined the group as second violinist.<ref name=":4" />

=== 21st century: 1997–present ===
In 2005, the quartet performed in [[Madrid]] for [[Queen Sofía of Spain]] on the set of [[Stradivarius Palatinos]] instruments owned by the [[Royal Palace of Madrid]].<ref name=":2" /> In 2009, Nick Eanet replaced Smirnoff as first violinist.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wakin |first=Daniel J. |date=2008-10-18 |title=Juilliard Quartet Names New Violinist |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/433948039 |access-date=2022-08-25 |id={{ProQuest|433948039}} }}</ref> He left the group in 2010 for health reasons and was replaced by [[Joseph Lin (violinist)|Joseph Lin]] of the [[Formosa Quartet]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wakin |first=Daniel J. |date=2010-06-30 |title=Juilliard Quartet Violinist Steps Down; Health Cited |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/527778676 |access-date=2022-08-26 |id={{ProQuest|527778676}} }}</ref>

In 2013, Roger Tapping replaced Rhodes as violist. In 2015, the quartet released an [[Application software|app]] for Apple's [[iOS]] called "Juilliard String Quartet – An Exploration of Schubert's Death and the Maiden". Ulysses Arts issued the recording separately. The London-based app developer [[Touchpress]] and [[the Juilliard School]] co-produced the app, which features the quartet in a performance of Franz [[Schubert]]'s [[String Quartet No. 14 (Schubert)|String Quartet No. 14 in D minor]] ("Death and the Maiden").<ref name="Numbers 1903">{{cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-02-22 |title=Areta Zhulla to Become First Violinist of the Juilliard String Quartet Beginning September 2018; Joseph Lin to Step Down at the End of the 2017-18 Season and Remain on the Juilliard Faculty |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/news/131866/areta-zhulla-become-first-violinist-juilliard-string-quartet-beginning-september-2018 |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=[[Juilliard School]]}}</ref> In 2016, Astrid Schween replaced Krosnick as cellist, becoming the quartet's first female member.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-18 |title=After 42 Years, Juilliard String Quartet Cellist To Step Down |work=[[National Public Radio]] |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/deceptivecadence/2015/05/18/406687266/after-42-years-juilliard-string-quartet-cellist-to-step-down |access-date=2022-08-25}}</ref> Areta Zhulla then replaced Lin as first violinist.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-02-22 |title=Juilliard String Quartet gets new first violin |work=[[The Strad]] |url=https://www.thestrad.com/news/juilliard-string-quartet-gets-new-first-violin/7577.article |access-date=2022-08-25}}</ref> After Tapping's death in 2022, Molly Carr became the quartet's new violist.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Laurie |first1=Niles |title=Juilliard String Quartet Names Violist Molly Carr to Succeed Roger Tapping |url=https://www.violinist.com/blog/laurie/20225/29214 |access-date=10 May 2022 |website=Violinist.com}}</ref>

== Repertoire ==
The quartet plays a wide range of classical music, and has recorded works by [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]], [[Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn]], [[Béla Bartók|Bartók]], [[Claude Debussy|Debussy]] and [[Dmitri Shostakovich|Shostakovich]], among others, while also promoting more contemporary composers such as [[Elliott Carter]], [[Ralph Shapey]], [[Henri Dutilleux]] and [[Milton Babbitt]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rothstein |first=Edward |date=1991-10-14 |title=Review/Music; Elliott Carter Quartets Celebrate Juilliard's 45th |pages=16 |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/14/arts/review-music-elliott-carter-quartets-celebrate-juilliard-s-45th.html |access-date=2022-08-25}}</ref> It has performed with other noted musicians, such as [[Aaron Copland]], [[Glenn Gould]], [[Benita Valente]] and also (in its early days) the scientist [[Albert Einstein#Love of music|Albert Einstein]]. It can be heard on the soundtrack of the movie [[Immortal Beloved (1994 film)|Immortal Beloved]].<ref>{{imdb title|0110116|Immortal Beloved}}</ref> By the early 1990s, the quartet was said to have produced more than 100 recordings and performed over 500 unique works.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Scher |first=Valerie |date=1995-11-30 |title=Juilliard quartet long an inspiration |pages=20 |work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/271525122 |access-date=2022-08-27 |id={{ProQuest|271525122}} }}</ref>

== Members ==
===First violin===
* 1946 [[Robert Mann]]
* 1997 Joel Smirnoff
* 2009 Nick Eanet
* 2011 [[Joseph Lin (violinist)|Joseph Lin]]
* 2018 Areta Zhulla

===Second violin===
* 1946 {{Interlanguage link|Robert Koff (violist)|lt=Robert Koff|ca|Robert Koff}}
* 1958 [[Isidore Cohen]]
* 1966 Earl Carlyss
* 1986 Joel Smirnoff
* 1997 Ronald Copes

===Viola===
* 1946 [[Raphael Hillyer]]
* 1969 {{Interlanguage link|Samuel Rhodes|lt=Samuel Rhodes|de|Samuel Rhodes}}
* 2013 Roger Tapping
* 2022 Molly Carr

===Violoncello===
* 1946 [[Arthur Winograd]]
* 1955 [[Claus Adam]]
* 1974 [[Joel Krosnick]]
* 2016 [[Astrid Schween]]

==Teaching==
Members of the Juilliard Quartet are also private teachers and chamber coaches at the Juilliard School and at music festivals worldwide.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kozinn |first=Allan |date=1983-01-09 |title=How the Juilliard Quartet Shares Its Artistry: The Juilliard |pages=19 |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/09/arts/how-the-juilliard-quartet-shares-its-artistry.html |access-date=2022-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hay |first=Bryan |date=1998-02-20 |title=SURVIVAL CONCERNS PLUCK AT HEARTSTRINGS OF JUILLIARD QUARTET |work=[[The Morning Call]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/392798007 |access-date=2022-08-27 |id={{ProQuest|392798007}} }}</ref> Musicians who have studied with the quartet have gone on to become members of the [[Tokyo String Quartet|Tokyo]], [[Emerson String Quartet|Emerson]], [[Shanghai Quartet|Shanghai]], [[LaSalle Quartet|LaSalle]], [[Concord String Quartet|Concord]], [[Alexander String Quartet|Alexander]], [[New World String Quartet|New World]], [[Brentano String Quartet|Brentano]], [[Lark Quartet (ensemble)|Lark]], and the [[Ulysses Quartet|Ulysses]] string quartets among others.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=May |first=Thomas |year=2021 |title=Forever Young |pages=34–38 |work=[[Strings Magazine]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2585494449 |access-date=2022-08-26 |id={{ProQuest|2585494449}} }}</ref>

==Awards==

=== [[Grammy Awards]] ===

{| class="wikitable" style="width:70%;"
|-
! width=5%|Year
! style="width:40%;" | Recipient
! style="width:45%;"| Award
! style="width:10%;"| Result
! style="width:5%;" | Ref
|-
|[[3rd Grammy Awards|1961]]
|''[[Claude Debussy|Debussy]] and [[Maurice Ravel|Ravel]] Quartets''
|[[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance|Grammy Award for Best Classical Performance - Vocal or Instrumental - Chamber Music]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1961 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1961-213.html |access-date=November 1, 2020 |publisher=AwardsandShows}}</ref>
|-
|[[4th Grammy Awards|1962]]
|''[[Alban Berg|Berg]]: [[Lyric Suite (Berg)|Lyric Suite]]; [[Anton Webern|Webern]]: 5 Pieces for String Quartet, Op. 5; 6 Bagatelles, Op. 6''
|[[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1962 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1962-214.html |access-date=November 1, 2020 |publisher=AwardsandShows}}</ref>
|-
|[[6th Grammy Awards|1964]]
|''[[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]: [[String Quartet No. 11 (Beethoven)|Quartet in F Minor, Op. 95]]; [[String Quartet No. 16 (Beethoven)|String Quartet in F Major, Op. 135]]''
|[[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance|Grammy Award for Best Classical Performance - Chamber Music]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1964 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1964-216.html |access-date=November 10, 2020 |publisher=AwardsandShows}}</ref>
|-
|[[7th Grammy Awards|1965]]
|''[[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]: [[String Quartet No. 15 (Beethoven)|Quartet in A Minor, Op. 132]]''
|[[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance|Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance - Instrumental]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1965 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1965-217.html |access-date=November 10, 2020 |publisher=AwardsandShows}}</ref>
|-
|[[Grammy Awards of 1966|1966]]
|''[[Béla Bartók|Bartók]]: The Six String Quartets''
|[[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance|Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance - Instrumental or Vocal]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1966 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1966-241.html |access-date=November 11, 2020 |publisher=AwardsandShows}}</ref>
|-
|[[10th Grammy Awards|1968]]
|''[[Charles Ives|Ives]]: Quartets Nos. 1 and 3''
|[[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1968 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1968-218.html |access-date=November 11, 2020 |publisher=AwardsandShows}}</ref>
|-
|[[Grammy Awards of 1972|1972]]
| ''[[Claude Debussy|Debussy]]: Quartet in G Minor/[[Maurice Ravel|Ravel]]: Quartet in F''
| [[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1972 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1972-221.html |access-date=November 19, 2020 |publisher=AwardsandShows}}</ref>
|-
|[[17th Grammy Awards|1975]]
|''[[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]: The Late Quartets''
|[[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance]]
|{{nom}}
|
|-
| [[Grammy Awards of 1978|1978]]
| ''[[Arnold Schoenberg|Schoenberg]]: [[String quartets (Schoenberg)|Quartets for Strings]] (Complete)''
| [[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance]]
| {{won}}
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1978 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1978-226.html |access-date=November 22, 2020 |publisher=AwardsandShows}}</ref>
|-
|[[22nd Grammy Awards|1980]]
|''[[Anton Webern|Webern]]: The Complete Works of Anton Webern, Vol. 1''
|[[Grammy Award for Best Classical Album]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1980 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1980-228.html |access-date=November 23, 2020 |publisher=AwardsandShows}}</ref>
|-
|[[23rd Grammy Awards|1981]]
|''[[Franz Schubert|Schubert]]: Quartet No. 15 in G Major, Op. 161''
|[[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1981 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1981-229.html |access-date=November 23, 2020 |publisher=AwardsandShows}}</ref>
|-
|[[26th Grammy Awards|1984]]
|''[[Bela Bartok|Bartók]]: The String Quartets (6)''
|[[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1984 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1984-232.html |access-date=November 24, 2020 |publisher=AwardsandShows}}</ref>
|-
| [[Grammy Awards of 1985|1985]]
|''[[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]: The Late String Quartets''
| [[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1985 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1985-233.html |access-date=November 24, 2020 |publisher=AwardsandShows}}</ref>
|-
|[[28th Grammy Awards|1986]]
|''[[Ernest Chausson|Chausson]]: Concerto for Violin, Piano and String Quartet, Op. 21''
| [[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1986 |url=http://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1986-234.html |access-date=November 24, 2020 |publisher=AwardsandShows}}</ref>
|-
|[[33rd Grammy Awards|1991]]
|''[[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]]: The Seven Last Words of Christ''
| [[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance|Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music or Other Small Ensemble Performance]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Grammy Nominations |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/02/19/Annual-Grammy-Nominations/9584666939600/ |access-date=November 25, 2020 |publisher=UPI}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[34th Grammy Awards|1992]]
|''[[Elliott Carter|Carter]]: The Four String Quartets; Duo for Violin and Piano''
| [[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance]]
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=1992-01-08 |title=And the nominees are.. |work=[[United Press International]] |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/01/08/And-the-nominees-are/6605694846800/ |access-date=2022-08-25}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Elliott Carter|Carter]]: The Four String Quartets; Duo for Violin and Piano''
|[[Grammy Award for Best Classical Album]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[37th Grammy Awards|1995]]
|''[[Claude Debussy|Debussy]]/[[Maurice Ravel|Ravel]]/[[Henri Dutilleux|Dutilleux]]: Quartets''
| [[Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news |date=January 6, 1995 |title=The 37th Grammy Nominations |page=7 |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-01-06-ca-17089-story.html |url-status=live |access-date=November 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104011103/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-01-06/entertainment/ca-17089_1_vocal-performance/7 |archive-date=November 4, 2012}}</ref>
|-
|[[Grammy Awards of 2011|2011]]
|—
|[[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-12-22 |title=The Recording Academy Announces Special Merit Award Honorees |url=http://www.grammy.com/news/the-recording-academy-announces-special-merit-award-honorees |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226115943/https://www.grammy.com/news/the-recording-academy-announces-special-merit-award-honorees |archive-date=2010-12-26 |access-date=2022-08-25 |work=[[Grammy Awards]]}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://www.juilliardquartet.org Juilliard String Quartet] Juilliard String Quartet official site
* [http://www.colbertartists.com/juilliard-string-quartet Colbert Artists Management: Juilliard String Quartet]

{{String quartets|state=collapsed}}
{{Laurel Leaf Award}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Musical groups established in 1946]]
[[Category:American string quartets]]
[[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners]]
[[Category:Juilliard School faculty]]