Editing Julius C. Burrows

{{Short description|American politician (1837–1915)}}
{{redirect|Senator Burrows}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Julius C. Burrows
| image               = Julius Caesar Burrows.jpg
| caption             =
| order               = [[United States Senator]]<br />from [[Michigan]]
| term_start          = January 24, 1895
| term_end            = March 3, 1911
| predecessor         = [[John Patton, Jr.]]
| successor           = [[Charles E. Townsend]]
| office1             = Member of the<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Michigan]]
| term_start1 = March 4, 1873
| term_end1 = March 3, 1875
| predecessor1 = [[Wilder D. Foster]]
| successor1 = [[Allen Potter]]
| constituency1 = {{ushr|MI|4|C}}
| term_start2 = March 4, 1879
| term_end2 = March 3, 1883
| predecessor2 = [[Edwin W. Keightley]]
| successor2 = [[George L. Yaple]]
| constituency2 = {{ushr|MI|4|C}}
| constituency3       = {{ushr|MI|4|C}} (1885–93)<br>{{ushr|MI|3|C}} (1893–95)
| term_start3 = March 4, 1885
| term_end3= January 23, 1895
| predecessor3 = George L. Yaple
| successor3 = [[Alfred Milnes]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1837|1|9}}
| birth_place         = [[North East, Pennsylvania]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1915|11|16|1837|1|9}}
| death_place         = [[Kalamazoo, Michigan]]
| constituency        =
| party               = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| spouse              =
| profession          = Lawyer
| signature           = Signature of Julius Caesar Burrows.png
}}

'''Julius Caesar Burrows''' (January 9, 1837{{spaced ndash}}November 16, 1915) was a [[U.S. Representative]] and a [[U.S. Senator]] from the [[U.S. state|state]] of [[Michigan]].

==Early life and education==
[[File:Mrs Julius C. Burrows.jpg|thumb|left|Mrs Julius C. Burrows]]

Burrows was born in [[North East, Pennsylvania]], and moved then with his parents to [[Ashtabula County, Ohio]]. He attended district school, [[Kingsville Academy]], and [[Grand River Academy|Grand River Institute]] in [[Austinburg, Ohio]]. 1853 - 1854 found him teaching at the [[Madison Seminary]]. <ref>The Painesville Telegraph on August 14, 1890</ref> He studied law and was admitted to the [[bar (law)|bar]] at [[Jefferson, Ohio]], in 1859. He moved to [[Richland, Michigan]], in 1860. He was principal of the [[Richland Seminary]] and commenced the practice of law in nearby [[Kalamazoo, Michigan|Kalamazoo]] in 1861.

==Military and legal careers==
[[Image:Julius C. Burrows - Brady-Handy.jpg|thumb|Julius C. Burrows as a younger congressman]]

Burrows raised an infantry company in 1862 to fight in the [[American Civil War]] and served as its captain until the fall of 1863. He was elected circuit court commissioner in 1864 and was prosecuting attorney for [[Kalamazoo County, Michigan|Kalamazoo County]] 1866-1870. He declined appointment as supervisor of internal revenue for Michigan and Wisconsin in 1868.

== Political life ==
In 1872, Burrows was elected as a [[U.S. Republican Party|Republican]] from [[Michigan's 4th congressional district]] to the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] for the [[43rd United States Congress|43rd Congress]], serving from March 4, 1873, to March 3, 1875. He was chairman of the [[United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Navy|Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Navy]].

Burrows was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874, but was subsequently elected to the [[46th United States Congress|46th]] and [[47th United States Congress|47th Congresses]], serving from March 4, 1879, to March 3, 1883. He was chairman of the [[United States House Committee on Territories|Committee on Territories]] in the 47th Congress.

Burrows is sometimes cited as a contributing factor in why [[New Mexico]] was delayed in achieving statehood. In an 1876 debate, Burrows, an admired orator, spoke forcefully in favor of a bill intended to protect the civil rights of freed black slaves. [[Stephen B. Elkins]], the [[New Mexico Territory]] Delegate to Congress, arrived late, just as Burrows was finishing. Unaware of the full import of Burrows' speech, Elkins shook his colleague's hand in congratulations, a gesture that many southern congressmen interpreted as support for the civil rights legislation. As a result, Elkin's handshake with Burrows is blamed for costing New Mexico several Southern Democratic votes which had been needed to achieve statehood.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shearer |first1=Benjamin F. |title=The Uniting States: Louisiana to Ohio |year=2004 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-33106-0 |page=857 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xu4uoI4DimMC&pg=PA857 |language=en}}</ref> While Colorado achieved statehood in 1876, New Mexico remained a territory for another 36 years.

Burrows was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1882. He won re-election in 1884 to the [[49th United States Congress|49th Congress]], and subsequently to the five succeeding Congresses. He represented Michigan's 4th district from March 4, 1885, until March 3, 1893, and [[Michigan's 3rd congressional district|the 3rd district]] from March 4, 1893, until his resignation on January 23, 1895, having been elected [[U.S. Senator]]. He was chairman of the [[United States House Committee on Levees and Improvements of Mississippi River|Committee on Levees and Improvements of Mississippi River]] in the [[51st United States Congress|51st Congress]].

Burrows was elected as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] to the [[United States Senate]] to fill the vacancy caused by the death of [[Francis B. Stockbridge]] and was reelected in 1899 and 1905, serving from January 24, 1895, to March 3, 1911.<ref name="cd">{{cite web |title=S. Doc. 58-1 - Fifty-eighth Congress. (Extraordinary session -- beginning November 9, 1903.) Official Congressional Directory for the use of the United States Congress. Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing by A.J. Halford. Special edition. Corrections made to November 5, 1903 |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/SERIALSET-04562_00_00-001-0001-0000 |website=GovInfo.gov |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=July 2, 2023 |page=51 |date=November 9, 1903}}</ref>

He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1910. He was chairman of the [[United States Senate Committee on Revision of the Laws of the United States|Committee on Revision of the Laws of the United States]] in the [[54th United States Congress|54th]] through [[56th United States Congress|56th Congresses]] and of the [[United States Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections|Committee on Privileges and Elections]] in the [[57th United States Congress|57th]] through [[61st United States Congress|61st Congresses]]. He also served on the [[Lodge Committee]] which investigated [[war crimes]] in the [[Philippine–American War]]. He was on the imperialist faction<ref name="imperialist">''Imperialist'' is a term to differentiate those who supported the Philippine–American War as opposed to ''Anti-Imperialists'' who were against the war. The origin of the two terms comes from the formation of the now defunct [[American Anti-Imperialist League|Anti-Imperialist League]], a group opposed to the annexation and/or invasion of several countries by America between 1898 and 1921. Today it is a common term of historians to use the term ''Imperialist'' and ''Anti-Imperialists'' to differentiate the differences between the two groups. See ''Benevolent Assimilation: The American Conquest of the Philippines from 1899 to 1903'', [[Stuart Creighton Miller]], (Yale University Press, 1982) for an excellent example of this phenomenon throughout the entire book.</ref> led by [[Henry Cabot Lodge]] in support of the Philippine–American War. He was also a member of the [[National Monetary Commission]] and its vice chairman 1908-1912.

After this, Burrows retired from active business pursuits and political life. He died in Kalamazoo and is interred in Mountain Home Cemetery there.

==Bibliography==
* ''American National Biography''
* ''Dictionary of American Biography''
* Holsinger, M. Paul. "J.C. Burrows and the Fight Against Mormonism from 1903 to 1907." ''Michigan History'' 52 (Fall 1968): 181-95
* [[William Dana Orcutt|Orcutt, Dana]]. ''Burrows of Michigan and the Republican Party.'' New York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1917. vols [https://archive.org/details/burrowsofmichiga01orcu/page/n3/mode/2up I] & [https://archive.org/details/burrowsofmichiga03orcu/page/n5/mode/2up II]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{CongBio|B001142}}
{{Commons category}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{succession box | before=[[Wilder D. Foster]] | title=[[United States Congressional Delegations from Michigan|United States Representative for the 4th Congressional District of Michigan]]| years=1873–1875 | after= [[Allen Potter]] }}
{{succession box | before=[[Edwin W. Keightley]] | title=[[United States Congressional Delegations from Michigan|United States Representative for the 4th Congressional District of Michigan]]| years=1879–1883 | after= [[George L. Yaple]] }}
{{succession box | before=[[George L. Yaple]] | title=[[United States Congressional Delegations from Michigan|United States Representative for the 4th Congressional District of Michigan]]| years=1885–1893 | after= [[Henry F. Thomas]] }}
{{succession box | before=[[James O'Donnell (politician)|James O'Donnell]] | title=[[United States Congressional Delegations from Michigan|United States Representative for the 3rd Congressional District of Michigan]]| years=1893–1895 | after= [[Alfred Milnes]] }}
{{s-par|us-sen}}
{{succession box|
  title = [[US Congressional Delegations from Michigan#United States Senate|U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Michigan]]|
  before = [[John Patton, Jr.]]|
  after=[[Charles E. Townsend]]|
  years=1895–1911
}}
{{s-end}}

{{USSenMI}}
{{U.S. Michigan Representatives}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Burrows, Julius C.}}
[[Category:1837 births]]
[[Category:1915 deaths]]
[[Category:Republican Party United States senators from Michigan]]
[[Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan]]
[[Category:Politicians from Erie County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:People from Ashtabula County, Ohio]]
[[Category:People from Richland, Michigan]]
[[Category:Grand River Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Union army officers]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Michigan]]
[[Category:20th-century United States senators]]
[[Category:19th-century members of the United States House of Representatives]]
[[Category:19th-century United States senators]]