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{{pp-move}} {{pp-pc}} {{calendar}} {{This date in recent years}} {{Day}} ==Events== ===Pre-1600=== *[[477 BC]] – [[Battle of the Cremera]] as part of the [[Roman–Etruscan Wars#The Fabian war with Veii in 483-476 BC|Roman–Etruscan Wars]]. [[Veii]] ambushes and defeats the [[Roman Republic|Roman]] army.<ref>Livy, VI.1; Plutarch, Camillus IX; Tacitus, Histories II.91; [[Ovid]] gives a different date of 13 February in the Fasti, II.195-6</ref> *[[387 BC]]<ref>An alternative year of 390 BC was traditionally favoured</ref> – [[Roman Republic|Roman]]-[[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] Wars: [[Battle of the Allia]]: A Roman army is defeated by raiding [[Gauls]], leading to the subsequent sacking of [[Ancient Rome|Rome]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Andres Furger|author2=Andres Furger-Gunti|author3=Maria Angelica Borrello|author4=Felix Müller|title=Helvetian gold: Celtic treasures from Switzerland : exhibition catalogue|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zns7AQAAIAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Swiss National Museum}}</ref> * [[362]] – [[Roman–Persian Wars]]: Emperor [[Julian (emperor)|Julian]] arrives at [[Antioch]] with a Roman expeditionary force (60,000 men) and stays there for nine months to launch a campaign against the [[Sasanian Empire|Persian Empire]]. * [[452]] – [[Sack of Aquileia]]: After an earlier [[Battle of the Catalaunian Plains|defeat on the Catalaunian Plains]], [[Attila]] lays siege to the metropolis of [[Aquileia]] and eventually destroys it.<ref>{{cite book|title=Byzantinoslavica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lEdoAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Academia|page=66}}</ref> * [[645]] – Chinese forces under general [[Li Shiji]] besiege the strategic fortress city of [[Anshan|Anshi]] ([[Liaoning]]) during the [[Goguryeo–Tang War]]. *[[1195]] – [[Battle of Alarcos]]: [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] forces defeat the [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] army of [[Alfonso VIII of Castile|Alfonso VIII]] and force its retreat to [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]. *[[1290]] – King [[Edward I of England]] issues the [[Edict of Expulsion]], banishing all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from England.<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert Chazan|title=The Jews of Medieval Western Christendom: 1000–1500|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PbYAFkp8rPQC&pg=PA166|date=23 November 2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-45987-7|pages=166}}</ref> *[[1334]] – The bishop of [[Florence]] blesses the first foundation stone for the new ''[[Bell tower|campanile]]'' (bell tower) of the [[Florence Cathedral]], designed by the artist [[Giotto|Giotto di Bondone]].<ref>{{cite book|author=G. Fattorusso|title=Wonders of Italy: the monuments of antiquity, the churches, the palaces, the treasures of art, a handbook for students and travellers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqcZAQAAMAAJ|year=1930|publisher=G. Fattorusso|page=215}}</ref> *[[1389]] – [[Kingdom of France|France]] and [[Kingdom of England|England]] agree to the [[Truce of Leulinghem]], inaugurating a 13-year peace, the longest period of sustained peace during the [[Hundred Years' War]]. *[[1507]] – In [[Brussels]], [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor#Burgundy and the Low Countries|Prince Charles I]] is crowned [[Burgundian Netherlands#Rulers|Duke of Burgundy and Count of Flanders]],<ref name="State2015">{{cite book|author=Paul F. State|title=Historical Dictionary of Brussels|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fj19CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA100|date=16 April 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-0-8108-7921-8|page=100}}</ref> a year after inheriting the title. *[[1555]] – The [[College of Arms]] is reincorporated by [[Royal charter]] signed by Queen [[Mary I of England]] and King [[Philip II of Spain]]. ===1601–1900=== *[[1723]] – [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] leads the first performance of his cantata [[Erforsche mich, Gott, und erfahre mein Herz, BWV 136|''Erforsche mich, Gott, und erfahre mein Herz'', BWV 136]], in Leipzig on the eighth Sunday after [[Trinity Sunday|Trinity]].<ref name="Bach Digital">{{cite web | url = http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000168?lang=en | title = Erforsche mich, Gott, und erfahre mein Herz BWV 136; BC A 111 | website = [[Bach Digital]] | access-date = 10 July 2023}}</ref> *[[1806]] – A [[1806 Birgu polverista explosion|gunpowder magazine explosion]] in [[Birgu]], [[Malta Protectorate|Malta]], kills around 200 people.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Bulletin, Volume 57, Issue 225 – Volume 58, Issue 232|date=2006|publisher=Military Historical Society (Great Britain)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDNVAAAAYAAJ|page=147|ref=hv}}</ref> *[[1812]] – The [[Treaty of Orebro|Treaties of Orebro]] end both the [[Anglo-Russian War (1807–12)|Anglo-Russian]] and [[Anglo-Swedish War (1810–12)|Anglo-Swedish Wars]].<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Dept. of State|title=Catalogue of Treaties, 1814-1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5oLAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA456|year=1919|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=456}}</ref> *[[1841]] – Coronation of Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil]].<ref>{{cite book|author=D. P. KIDDER, J. C. FLETCHER|title=Brazil and the Brazilians|url=https://archive.org/details/brazilandbrazil01fletgoog|year=1857|pages=[https://archive.org/details/brazilandbrazil01fletgoog/page/n626 592]|publisher=Childs & Peterson}}</ref> *[[1857]] – [[Louis Faidherbe]], French [[governor of Senegal]], arrives to relieve French forces at [[Kayes]], effectively ending El Hajj [[El Hadj Umar Tall|Umar Tall]]'s war against the French. *[[1862]] – First ascent of [[Dent Blanche]], one of the highest summits in the Alps. *[[1863]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Second Battle of Fort Wagner]]: One of the first formal [[African American]] military units, the [[54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry|54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry]], supported by several white regiments, attempts an unsuccessful assault on [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]]-held [[Fort Wagner|Battery Wagner]]. *[[1870]] – The [[First Vatican Council]] decrees the dogma of [[papal infallibility]]. *[[1872]] – The [[Ballot Act 1872]] in the United Kingdom introduced the requirement that parliamentary and local government elections be held by secret ballot.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hanham |first1=H. J. |title=The Nineteenth-Century Constitution 1815-1914: Documents and Commentary |date=1969 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-09560-0 |page=277 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z0xHM3jmnAUC&pg=PA277 |language=en}}</ref> ===1901–present=== *[[1914]] – The [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] forms the [[Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps]], giving official status to aircraft within the U.S. Army for the first time. *[[1925]] – [[Adolf Hitler]] publishes ''[[Mein Kampf]]''. *[[1942]] – [[World War II]]: During the [[Beisfjord massacre]] in Norway, 15 Norwegian paramilitary guards help members of the SS to kill 288 political prisoners from Yugoslavia. * 1942 – The Germans test fly the [[Messerschmitt Me 262]] using its [[Junkers Jumo 004|jet engine]]s for the first time. *[[1944]] – World War II: [[Hideki Tōjō]] resigns as [[Prime Minister of Japan]] because of numerous setbacks in the war effort. *[[1966]] – [[Human spaceflight]]: [[Gemini 10]] is launched from [[Cape Canaveral|Cape Kennedy]] on a 70-hour mission that includes docking with an orbiting [[Agena target vehicle]]. * 1966 – A racially charged incident in a bar sparks the six-day [[Hough riots]] in [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]]; 1,700 [[Ohio National Guard]] troops intervene to restore order. *[[1968]] – [[Intel]] is founded in [[Mountain View, California]]. *[[1970]] – An [[Antonov An-22]] of the [[Soviet Air Forces]] [[1970 Atlantic Ocean Antonov An-22 crash|crashes]] into the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 23 aboard.<ref>{{cite web |title=An-22 c/n 00340207 |url=https://www.scramble.nl/database/soviet/details/25_18097 |website=Soviet Transport Database }}</ref> *[[1976]] – [[Nadia Comăneci]] becomes the first person in [[Olympic Games]] history to score a perfect 10 in [[gymnastics]] at the [[1976 Summer Olympics]]. *[[1979]] – A landslide occurs on the [[Iliwerung]] volcano in Indonesia, [[1979 Lembata tsunami|triggering a tsunami]] that kills over 530 and leaves 700 missing.<ref name="ngdcTS1">{{cite web |title=Tsunami Event Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/2115 |publisher=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|doi=10.7289/V5PN93H7 |access-date=29 June 2024 |author1=National Geophysical Data Center }}</ref> *[[1981]] – A [[Canadair CL-44]] and [[Sukhoi Su-15]] [[1981 Armenia mid-air collision|collide]] in mid-air near [[Yerevan]], [[Armenia]], killing four.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Canadair CL-44D4-6 LV-JTN Yerevan |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19810718-0 |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref> *[[1982]] – Two hundred sixty-eight [[Guatemala]]n ''campesinos'' ("[[peasant]]s" or "country people") are slain in the [[Plan de Sánchez massacre]]. *[[1984]] – [[San Ysidro McDonald's massacre|McDonald's massacre]] in [[San Ysidro, San Diego|San Ysidro, California]]: James Oliver Huberty kills 21 people and injures 19 others before being shot dead by police. *[[1992]] – A picture of [[Les Horribles Cernettes]] was taken, which became the first ever photo posted to the [[World Wide Web]]. *[[1994]] – The [[AMIA bombing|bombing]] of the [[Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina]] (Argentine Jewish Community Center) in [[Buenos Aires]] kills 85 people (mostly Jewish) and injures 300. * 1994 – [[Rwandan genocide]]: The [[Rwandan Patriotic Front]] takes control of [[Gisenyi]] and north western [[Rwanda]], forcing the interim government into [[Zaire]] and ending the genocide. *[[1995]] – On the Caribbean island of [[Montserrat]], the [[Soufrière Hills]] volcano erupts. Over the course of several years, it devastates the island, destroying the capital, forcing most of the population to flee. *[[1996]] – Storms provoke [[Saguenay flood|severe flooding]] on the [[Saguenay River]], beginning one of [[Quebec]]'s costliest [[natural disaster]]s ever. * 1996 – [[Battle of Mullaitivu (1996)|Battle of Mullaitivu]]: The [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] capture the [[Sri Lanka Army]]'s base, killing over 1,200 soldiers. *[[2002]] – A [[Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer]] [[2002 United States airtanker crashes|crashes]] near [[Estes Park, Colorado]], killing both crew members.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Consolidated PB4Y-2 Super Privateer N7620C Estes Park, CO |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20020718-0 |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref> *[[2012]] – At least seven people are killed and 32 others are injured after a [[2012 Burgas bus bombing|bomb explodes]] on an [[Israelis|Israeli]] tour bus at [[Burgas Airport]], [[Bulgaria]]. *[[2013]] – The [[Government of Detroit]], with up to $20 billion in debt, files for the [[Detroit bankruptcy|largest municipal bankruptcy]] in U.S. history. *[[2014]] – The [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] requires Christians to either accept [[dhimmi]] status, emigrate from ISIL lands, or be killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28381455 |title=Iraqi Christians flee after Isis issue Mosul ultimatum |date=18 July 2014 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724045752/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28381455 |archive-date=24 July 2014 }}</ref> *[[2019]] – A man [[Kyoto Animation arson attack|sets fire to an anime studio]] in [[Fushimi-ku, Kyoto]], [[Japan]], killing 36 people and injuring dozens of others.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/18/dead-suspected-arson-attack-kyoto-animation-japan |title=Kyoto Animation studio fire: at least 33 dead after arson attack in Japan |newspaper=The Guardian|date=2019-07-18}}</ref><ref name="livedoor_20190910_deathcount">{{cite web |url=https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/16840489/ |script-title=ja:京アニ放火殺人、死者35人に |date=2019-07-27 |work=[[Kyodo News]] |language=ja |access-date=10 September 2019 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190910121738/https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/16840489/ |archive-date=10 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Births== ===Pre-1600=== *[[1013]] – [[Hermann of Reichenau]], German composer, mathematician, and astronomer (born 1013)<ref>{{cite web |title=Hermann Von Reichenau {{!}} German scholar |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hermann-von-Reichenau |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=31 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> *[[1501]] – [[Isabella of Austria]], queen of Denmark (died 1526)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Terjanian |first1=Pierre |title=The Last Knight: The Art, Armor, and Ambition of Maximilian I |date=2019 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-1-58839-674-7 |page=302 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X-anDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA302 |language=en}}</ref> *[[1504]] – [[Heinrich Bullinger]], Swiss pastor and reformer (died 1575)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.bnf.fr/en/12029437/heinrich_bullinger/|title=Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575)|website=data.bnf.fr}}</ref> *[[1534]] – [[Zacharius Ursinus]], German theologian (died 1583)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.bnf.fr/en/12111417/zacharias_ursinus/|title=Zacharias Ursinus (1534-1583)|website=data.bnf.fr}}</ref> *[[1552]] – [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]], Holy Roman Emperor (died 1612)<ref>{{cite web |title=Rudolf II {{!}} Holy Roman emperor |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-II-Holy-Roman-emperor |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=13 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> ===1601–1900=== *[[1634]] – [[Johannes Camphuys]], Dutch politician, [[Governor-general of the Dutch East Indies]] (died 1695) *[[1659]] – [[Hyacinthe Rigaud]], French painter (died 1743)<ref>{{cite web |title=Hyacinthe Rigaud |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110810105734287 |website=Oxford Reference |access-date=26 December 2021 |language=en }}</ref> *[[1670]] – [[Giovanni Bononcini]], Italian cellist and composer (died 1747) *[[1702]] – [[Maria Clementina Sobieska]], Polish noble (died 1735) *[[1718]] – [[Saverio Bettinelli]], Italian poet, playwright, and critic (died 1808) *[[1720]] – [[Gilbert White]], English ornithologist and ecologist (died 1793)<ref>{{Cite DNB|wstitle=White, Gilbert|last=Newton|first=Alfred|author-link=Alfred Newton|volume=61}}</ref> *[[1724]] – [[Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria|Maria Antonia of Bavaria]], Electress of Saxony (died 1780) *[[1750]] – [[Prince Frederick Adolf of Sweden|Frederick Adolf]], duke of Östergötland (died 1803) *[[1796]] – [[Immanuel Hermann Fichte]], German philosopher and academic (died 1879) *[[1811]] – [[William Makepeace Thackeray]], English author and poet (died 1863) *[[1818]] – [[Louis Gerhard De Geer]], Swedish lawyer and politician, 1st [[Prime Minister of Sweden]] (died 1896) *[[1821]] – [[Pauline Viardot]], French soprano and composer (died 1910) *[[1837]] – [[Vasil Levski]], Bulgarian priest and activist (died 1873) *[[1842]] – [[William D. Coleman (politician)|William D. Coleman]], 13th [[President of Liberia]] (died 1908)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunn|first1= Elwood D.|last2=Beyan|first2=Amos J.|last3=Burrowes|first3=Carl Patrick|author-link= |date=2000|title=Historical Dictionary of Liberia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt0_RrW8ghkC|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9781461659310|pages=80–81}}</ref> *[[1843]] – [[Virgil Earp]], American marshal (died 1905) *[[1845]] – [[Tristan Corbière]], French poet (died 1875) *[[1848]] – [[W. G. Grace]], English cricketer and physician (died 1915) *[[1853]] – [[Hendrik Lorentz]], Dutch physicist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (died 1928) *[[1861]] – [[Kadambini Ganguly]], Indian physician, one of the first Indian women to obtain a degree (died 1923)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scienceandculture-isna.org/sep-oct-2014/07%20Art_Kadambini%20Ganguly...by_B%20K%20Sen_Pg.271.pdf|title=KADAMBINI GANGULY – AN ILLUSTRIOUS LADY|last=SEN|first=B.K.|website=Science and Culture - Indian Science News Organization.}}</ref> *[[1864]] – [[Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden]], English politician, [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] (died 1937) *[[1867]] – [[Margaret Brown]], American philanthropist and activist (died 1932) *[[1871]] – [[Giacomo Balla]], Italian painter (died 1958) * 1871 – [[Sada Yacco]], Japanese actress and dancer (died 1946) *[[1872]] – [[Julius Fučík (composer)|Julius Fučík]], Czech composer and conductor of military bands (died 1916)<ref>''Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians'', 7th ed. (1984), p. 776</ref> *[[1881]] – [[Larry McLean]], Canadian-American baseball player (died 1921) *[[1884]] – [[Alberto di Jorio]], Italian cardinal (died 1979) *[[1886]] – [[Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr.]], American general (died 1945) *[[1887]] – [[Vidkun Quisling]], Norwegian military officer and politician, [[List of heads of government of Norway|Minister President of Norway]] (died 1945) *[[1889]] – [[Kōichi Kido]], Japanese politician, 13th [[Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan]] (died 1977) *[[1890]] – [[Frank Forde]], Australian educator and politician, 15th [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (died 1983) *[[1892]] – [[Arthur Friedenreich]], Brazilian footballer (died 1969) *[[1893]] – [[David Ogilvy, 12th Earl of Airlie]], Scottish peer, soldier and courtier (died 1968) *[[1895]] – [[Olga Spessivtseva]], Russian-American ballerina (died 1991) * 1895 – [[Machine Gun Kelly (gangster)|Machine Gun Kelly]], American gangster (died 1954) *[[1897]] – [[Ernest Eldridge]], English race car driver and engineer (died 1935) *[[1898]] – [[John Stuart (actor)|John Stuart]], Scottish-English actor (died 1979) *[[1899]] – [[Ernst Scheller]], German soldier and politician, 8th [[Mayor of Marburg]] (died 1942) *[[1900]] – [[Nathalie Sarraute]], French lawyer and author (died 1999) ===1901–present=== *[[1902]] – [[Jessamyn West (writer)|Jessamyn West]], American author (died 1984)<ref>{{cite web |title=West, Jessamyn |url=https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/west_jessamyn |website=sf-encyclopedia.com |access-date=26 December 2021}}</ref> * 1902 – [[Chill Wills]], American actor (died 1978) *[[1906]] – [[S. I. Hayakawa]], Canadian-American academic and politician (died 1992) * 1906 – [[Clifford Odets]], American director, playwright, and screenwriter (died 1963) *[[1908]] – [[Peace Pilgrim]], American mystic and activist (died 1981) * 1908 – [[Lupe Vélez]], Mexican-American actress and dancer (died 1944) * 1908 – [[Beatrice Aitchison]], American mathematician, statistician, and transportation economist (died 1997) *[[1909]] – [[Bishnu Dey]], Indian poet, critic, and academic (died 1982) * 1909 – [[Andrei Gromyko]], Belarusian-Russian economist and politician, [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)|Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs]] (died 1989) * 1909 – [[Mohammed Daoud Khan]], Afghan commander and politician, 1st [[President of Afghanistan]] (died 1978) * 1909 – [[Harriet Nelson]], American singer and actress (died 1994) *[[1910]] – [[Diptendu Pramanick]], Indian businessman (died 1989) * 1910 – [[Mamadou Dia]], Senegalese politician; 1st Prime Minister of Senegal (died 2009)<ref>{{cite book|title=Africa Year Book and Who's who|publisher=Africa Journal Limited|year=1976|page=1126}}</ref> *[[1911]] – [[Hume Cronyn]], Canadian-American actor, producer, and screenwriter (died 2003) *[[1913]] – [[Red Skelton]], American actor and comedian (died 1997) *[[1914]] – [[Gino Bartali]], Italian cyclist (died 2000) * 1914 – [[Oscar Heisserer]], French footballer (died 2004) *[[1915]] – [[Carequinha]], Brazilian clown and actor (died 2006) * 1915 – [[Louis Le Bailly]], British Royal Navy officer (died 2010)<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/naval-obituaries/8084056/Vice-Admiral-Sir-Louis-Le-Bailly.html |title=Vice-Admiral Sir Louis Le Bailly – Telegraph |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=[[London, UK|London]] |issn=0307-1235 |oclc=49632006 |accessdate=4 December 2014}}</ref> *[[1916]] – [[Charles Kittel]], American physicist (died 2019) *[[1917]] – [[Henri Salvador]], French singer and guitarist (died 2008) * 1917 – [[Paul Streeten]], Austrian-born British economics professor (died 2019) *[[1918]] – [[Nelson Mandela]], South African lawyer and politician, 1st [[President of South Africa]], [[Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Prize]] laureate (died 2013) *[[1919]] – [[Lilia Dale]], Italian actress (died 1991) *[[1920]] – [[Eric Brandon]], English race car driver and businessman (died 1982) *[[1921]] – [[Peter Austin (brewer)|Peter Austin]], English brewer, founded [[Ringwood Brewery]] (died 2014)<ref>{{cite web|last=Protz|first=Roger|title=Peter Austin obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/jan/09/peter-austin|work=The Guardian|date=9 January 2014 |accessdate=1 February 2014}}</ref> * 1921 – [[Aaron Beck]], American psychiatrist and academic (died 2021)<ref>{{Cite news|last=Obituaries|first=Telegraph|date=November 1, 2021|title=Aaron Beck, psychiatrist whose development of cognitive behavioural therapy transformed millions of lives around the world – obituary|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2021/11/01/aaron-beck-psychiatrist-whose-development-cognitive-behavioural/|access-date=November 1, 2021|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> * 1921 – [[John Glenn]], American colonel, astronaut, and politician (died 2016)<ref>{{cite web |title=Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details: GLENN, John Herschel, Jr. (1921-2016) |url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=G000236 |website=bioguideretro.congress.gov |access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref> * 1921 – [[Richard Leacock]], English-French director and producer (died 2011) * 1921 – [[Heinz Bennent]], German actor (died 2011) *[[1922]] – [[Thomas Kuhn]], American physicist, historian, and philosopher (died 1996) *[[1923]] – [[Jerome H. Lemelson]], American engineer and businessman (died 1997) * 1923 – [[Michael Medwin]], English actor (died 2020) *[[1924]] – [[Inge Sørensen]], Danish swimmer (died 2011) * 1924 – [[Tullio Altamura]], Italian actor *[[1925]] – [[Shirley Strickland]], Australian runner and hurdler (died 2004) * 1925 – [[Friedrich Zimmermann]], German lawyer and politician, [[Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)|German Federal Minister of the Interior]] (died 2012) * 1925 – [[Raymond Jones (architect)|Raymond Jones]], Australian Modernist architect (died 2022) * 1925 – [[Windy McCall]], American baseball relief pitcher (died 2015) *[[1926]] – [[Margaret Laurence]], Canadian author and academic (died 1987) * 1926 – [[Nita Bieber]], American actress (died 2019) * 1926 – [[Bernard Pons]], French politician and medical doctor (died 2022) * 1926 – [[Maunu Kurkvaara]], Finnish film director and screenwriter (died 2023) * 1926 – [[Elizabeth Jennings (poet)|Elizabeth Jennings]], English poet (died 2001)<ref>{{cite news | author = Grevel Lindop | title = Elizabeth Dennings Obituary | newspaper =The Guardian | date = 31 October 2001 | url =https://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/oct/31/guardianobituaries.books | access-date =2012-10-05 }}</ref> *[[1927]] – [[Mehdi Hassan]], Pakistani ''[[ghazal]]'' singer and [[playback singer]] (died 2012) * 1927 – [[Kurt Masur]], German conductor and educator (died 2015) * 1927 – [[Antonio García-Trevijano]], Spanish republican, political activist, and author (died 2018) * 1927 – [[Keith MacDonald]], Canadian politician (died 2021) * 1927 – [[Anthony Mirra]], American gangster, member of the Bonanno Crime Family (died 1982) *[[1928]] – [[Andrea Gallo]], Italian priest and author (died 2013) * 1928 – [[Baddiewinkle]], American internet personality *[[1929]] – [[Dick Button]], American figure skater and actor (died 2025)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilner |first=Barry |date=January 30, 2025 |title=Dick Button, Olympic great and voice of skating, dies at 95 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/dick-button-olympic-great-voice-skating-dies-95-118292366 |access-date=February 1, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |language=en}}</ref> * 1929 – [[Screamin' Jay Hawkins]], American R&B singer-songwriter, musician, and actor (died 2000) *[[1932]] – [[Robert Ellis Miller]], American director and screenwriter (died 2017) *[[1933]] – [[Jean Yanne]], French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2003) * 1933 – [[Yevgeny Yevtushenko]], Russian poet and playwright (died 2017) *[[1934]] – [[Edward Bond]], English director, playwright, and screenwriter (died 2024) * 1934 – [[Darlene Conley]], American actress (died 2007) *[[1935]] – [[Tenley Albright]], American former figure skater and physician * 1935 – [[Jayendra Saraswathi]], Indian guru, 69th [[Shankaracharya]] (died 2018) *[[1937]] – [[Roald Hoffmann]], Polish chemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate * 1937 – [[Hunter S. Thompson]], American journalist and author (died 2005) *[[1938]] – [[John Connelly (footballer, born 1938)|John Connelly]], English footballer (died 2012) * 1938 – [[Ian Stewart (musician)|Ian Stewart]], Scottish keyboard player and manager (died 1985) * 1938 – [[Paul Verhoeven]], Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter *[[1939]] – [[Brian Auger]], English rock and jazz keyboard player * 1939 – [[Dion DiMucci]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1939 – [[Jerry Moore (American football, born 1939)|Jerry Moore]], American football player and coach *[[1940]] – [[James Brolin]], American actor * 1940 – [[Joe Torre]], American baseball player, manager, and executive<ref>{{cite web |title=Joe Torre |url=https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/torre-joe |publisher=[[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum]] |access-date=18 July 2023}}</ref> *[[1941]] – [[Frank Farian]], German songwriter and producer (died 2024) * 1941 – [[Lonnie Mack]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2016) * 1941 – [[Martha Reeves]], American singer and politician *[[1942]] – [[Giacinto Facchetti]], Italian footballer (died 2006) * 1942 – [[Adolf Ogi]], Swiss politician, 84th [[President of the Swiss Confederation]] *[[1943]] – [[Joseph J. Ellis]], American historian and author *[[1944]] – [[David Hemery]], English hurdler and author<ref>{{cite book|author=Amateur Athletic Union of the United States|title=Amateur Athlete|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iIkqAAAAMAAJ|year=1967|publisher=Amateur Athletic Union of the United States|page=13}}</ref> *[[1945]] – [[Pat Doherty (Northern Ireland politician)|Pat Doherty]], Irish Republican politician *[[1946]] – [[Kalpana Mohan]], Indian actress (died 2012) *[[1947]] – [[Steve Forbes]], American publisher and politician *[[1948]] – [[Carlos Colón Sr.]], Puerto Rican-American wrestler and promoter * 1948 – [[Jeanne Córdova]], American journalist and activist (died 2016) * 1948 – [[Hartmut Michel]], German biochemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate *[[1949]] – [[Dennis Lillee]], Australian cricketer and coach *[[1950]] – [[Richard Branson]], English businessman, founded [[Virgin Group]] * 1950 – [[Jack Dongarra]], American computer scientist and academic * 1950 – [[Kostas Eleftherakis]], Greek footballer * 1950 – [[Glenn Hughes (Village People)|Glenn Hughes]], American disco singer and actor (died 2001) * 1950 – [[Shahid Khan]], Pakistani-American businessman and sports executive<ref>{{cite web |last1=Andrews |first1=Brianna |last2=Frazier |first2=Francine |title='I couldn't ask for a better present': Jaguars cut ribbon on new $120M training facility on Shad Khan's birthday |url=https://www.news4jax.com/sports/2023/07/18/jaguars-ready-to-cut-ribbon-on-new-120m-training-facility/https://www.news4jax.com/sports/2023/07/18/jaguars-ready-to-cut-ribbon-on-new-120m-training-facility/ |publisher=[[WJXT]] |access-date=18 July 2023}}</ref> * 1950 – [[Jack Layton]], Canadian political scientist, academic, and politician (died 2011) * 1950 – [[Mark Udall]], American educator and politician<ref>{{CongLinks | congbio=u000038 | votesmart=12329 | fec=H8CO02087 | congress=mark-udall/1595 }}</ref> *[[1951]] – [[Elio Di Rupo]], Belgian chemist, academic, and politician, 68th [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] * 1951 – [[Margo Martindale]], American actress *[[1954]] – [[Ricky Skaggs]], American singer-songwriter, mandolin player, and producer<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2019/07/18/Famous-birthdays-for-July-18-Vin-Diesel-Kristen-Bell/8771563155558/|title=Famous birthdays for July 18: Vin Diesel, Kristen Bell|work=[[United Press International]]|date=July 18, 2019|access-date=August 7, 2019|archive-date=July 19, 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190719181941/https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2019/07/18/Famous-birthdays-for-July-18-Vin-Diesel-Kristen-Bell/8771563155558/|url-status=live|quote=Country singer Ricky Skaggs in 1954 (age 65)}}</ref> *[[1955]] – [[Bernd Fasching]], Austrian painter and sculptor *[[1957]] – [[Nick Faldo]], English golfer and sportscaster * 1957 – [[Keith Levene]], English guitarist, songwriter, and producer (died 2022) *[[1960]] – [[Simon Heffer]], English journalist and author *[[1961]] – [[Elizabeth McGovern]], American actress * 1961 – [[Alan Pardew]], English footballer and manager * 1961 – [[Pasi Rautiainen]], Finnish footballer, coach, and manager *[[1962]] – [[Shaun Micallef]], Australian comedian, producer, and screenwriter *[[1963]] – [[Marc Girardelli]], Austrian-Luxembourgian skier * 1963 – [[Martín Torrijos]], Panamanian economist and politician, 35th [[President of Panama]] *[[1964]] – [[Wendy Williams]], American talk show host *[[1965]] – [[Vesselina Kasarova]], Bulgarian soprano *[[1966]] – [[Dan O'Brien]], American decathlete and coach *[[1967]] – [[Vin Diesel]], American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter<ref>{{cite book|author=Jacquetta Elizabeth Amdahl|title='Perpetual Others': The Role of Culture, Race and Nation in the Formation of a Mixed Race Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6LIwXWi0EC|year=2004|publisher=University of Minnesota|page=60}}</ref> *[[1968]] – [[Grant Bowler]], New Zealand-Australian actor * 1968 – [[Scott Gourley]], Australian rugby player *[[1969]] – [[Elizabeth Gilbert]], American author * 1969 – [[The Great Sasuke]], Japanese wrestler and politician *[[1971]] – [[Penny Hardaway]], American basketball player and coach * 1971 – [[Sukhwinder Singh]], Indian singer-songwriter and actor *[[1974]] – [[Alan Morrison (poet)|Alan Morrison]], British poet *[[1975]] – [[Torii Hunter]], American baseball player * 1975 – [[Daron Malakian]], American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1975 – [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]], English rapper and producer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/mia/43637|title=MIA's baby's name revealed|work=[[NME]]|location=UK|date=23 March 2009|access-date=2 April 2012|archive-date=17 April 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417074848/https://www.nme.com/news/music/mia-150-1305021|url-status=live}}</ref> *[[1976]] – [[Elsa Pataky]], Spanish actress * 1976 – [[Go Soo-hee]], South Korean actress *[[1977]] – [[Alexander Morozevich]], Russian chess player and author * 1977 – [[Kelly Reilly]], English actress<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rose |first1=Mike |title=Today's famous birthdays list for July 18, 2022 includes celebrities Vin Diesel, Priyanka Chopra Jonas |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2022/07/todays-famous-birthdays-list-for-july-18-2022-includes-celebrities-vin-diesel-priyanka-chopra-jonas.html |website=[[The Plain Dealer]] |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=17 July 2023 |date=18 July 2022}}</ref> *[[1978]] – [[Adabel Guerrero]], Argentinian actress, singer, and dancer * 1978 – [[Shane Horgan]], Irish rugby player and sportscaster * 1978 – [[Crystal Mangum]], American murderer responsible for making false rape allegations in the [[Duke lacrosse case]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/crystal-gail-mangum-profile-of-the-duke-rape-accuser|title=Crystal Gail Mangum: Profile of the Duke Rape Accuser|website=[[Fox News]]|date=11 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-25061046|title=Duke rape accuser guilty of murder|work=BBC News|date=22 November 2013}}</ref> * 1978 – [[Joo Sang-wook]], South Korean actor * 1978 – [[Ben Sheets]], American baseball player and coach * 1978 – [[Mélissa Theuriau]], French journalist *[[1979]] – [[Deion Branch]], American football player * 1979 – [[Joey Mercury]], American wrestler and producer *[[1980]] – [[Kristen Bell]], American actress<ref>{{cite web |title=Kristen Bell Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/facts/Kristen-Bell |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=28 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> * 1980 – [[David Blu]], American–Israeli basketball player<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://basketball.realgm.com/player/David-Blu/Summary/1121|title=David Blu Player Profile, USC, NCAA Stats, International Stats, Events Stats, Game Logs, Awards - RealGM|website=basketball.realgm.com}}</ref> * 1980 – [[Ryōko Hirosue]], Japanese actress<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flamme.co.jp/actress/profile.php?talentid=1 |title=FLaMme official website |language=ja |accessdate=7 January 2024}}</ref> *[[1981]] – [[Dennis Seidenberg]], German ice hockey player *[[1982]] – [[Ryan Cabrera]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1982 – [[Priyanka Chopra]], Indian actress, singer, and film producer * 1982 – [[Carlo Costly]], Honduran footballer *[[1983]] – [[Mishaal Al-Saeed]], Saudi Arabian footballer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mishaal Al-Saeed Stats, Goals, Records, Assists, Cups and more |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/8f5a5bac/Mishaal-Al-Saeed |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=FBref.com |language=en}}</ref> * 1983 – [[Carlos Diogo]], Uruguayan footballer * 1983 – [[Aaron Gillespie]], American singer-songwriter and drummer * 1983 – [[Mikk Pahapill]], Estonian decathlete * 1983 – [[Jan Schlaudraff]], German footballer *[[1984]] – [[Ben Askren]], American mixed martial artist and boxer<ref>{{cite web |title=Ben Askren (Welterweight) MMA Profile |url=https://www.espn.com/mma/fighter/_/id/2500597/ben-askren |website=ESPN.com |access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref> *[[1985]] – [[Chace Crawford]], American actor * 1985 – [[Panagiotis Lagos]], Greek footballer * 1985 – [[James Norton (actor)|James Norton]], English actor *[[1986]] – [[Natalia Mikhailova]], Russian ice dancer *[[1987]] – [[Tontowi Ahmad]], Indonesian badminton player<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/tontowi-ahmad|title=Tontowi Ahmad|website=Olympics|access-date=5 December 2019}}</ref> *[[1988]] – [[Änis Ben-Hatira]], German-Tunisian footballer * 1988 – [[César Villaluz]], Mexican footballer *[[1989]] – [[Jamie Benn]], Canadian ice hockey player * 1989 – [[Sebastian Mielitz]], German footballer * 1989 – [[Yohan Mollo]], French footballer *[[1990]] – [[Canelo Álvarez]], Mexican boxer<ref>{{cite web |last1=Morilla |first1=Diego |title=Born on this day: Saul "Canelo" Alvarez |url=https://www.ringtv.com/641877-born-on-this-day-saul-canelo-alvarez/ |publisher=[[The Ring (magazine)|The Ring]] |access-date=17 July 2023 |date=18 July 2022}}</ref> *[[1991]] – [[Mandy Rose]], American wrestler and television personality<ref>{{cite web |title=Mandy Rose |url=https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/21654744/wwe-profile-page-mandy-rose |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=17 July 2023 |date=31 October 2021}}</ref> * 1991 – [[Eugenio Suárez]], Venezuelan baseball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Eugenio Suarez |url=https://www.mlb.com/player/eugenio-suarez-553993 |publisher=[[Major League Baseball]] |access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> *[[1993]] – [[Lee Tae-min]], South Korean singer and actor<ref>{{cite web |title=K-pop's dance king Taemin's best moves |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/fashion-beauty/article/3018972/k-pops-dance-king-taemins-best-moves-5-collaborative |website=South China Morning Post |access-date=28 June 2020 |language=en |date=18 July 2019}}</ref> * 1993 – [[Michael Lichaa]], Australian rugby league player<ref>{{cite web |title=Michael Lichaa |url=https://www.nrl.com/players/internationals/lebanon/michael-lichaa/ |website=National Rugby League |date=20 October 2017 |access-date=28 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> *[[1994]] – [[Nilo Soares]], East Timorese footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=Nilo Soares - Player Profile - Football |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/nilo-soares_prs404108/person.shtml |website=Eurosport |access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref> *[[1996]] – [[Yung Lean]], Swedish rapper and singer-songwriter<ref>{{cite web |title=Yung Lean |url=https://music.apple.com/us/artist/yung-lean/472502104 |website=Apple Music |access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref> * 1996 – [[Smriti Mandhana]], Indian cricketer<ref>{{Cite web|title=Smriti Mandhana|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/597806.html|access-date=2020-07-18|website=Cricinfo}}</ref> * 1996 – [[Shudufhadzo Musida]], Miss South Africa 2020<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mueni|first=Priscillah|date=2020-10-25|title=Meet Shudufhadzo Musida, the newly crowned Miss SA|url=https://briefly.co.za/84063-shudufhadzo-musida-bio-age-parents-pictures-miss-sa-2020-profile.html|access-date=2020-10-25|website=Briefly|language=en}}</ref> *[[1997]] – [[Bam Adebayo]], American basketball player<ref>{{cite web |title=Bam Adebayo Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft ... |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/a/adebaba01.html |website=basketball-reference.com |access-date=July 16, 2024}}</ref> * 1997 – [[Noah Lyles]], American sprinter<ref>{{cite web |title=Noah Lyles|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/united-states/noah-lyles-284369|publisher=World Athletics|access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref> *[[2000]] – [[Sarah Kinsley]], American singer-songwriter<ref>{{cite web |title=Sarah Kinsley - Apple Music|url=https://music.apple.com/us/artist/sarah-kinsley/1436737349 |website=Apple Music|access-date=April 4, 2025}}</ref> *[[2001]] – [[Agustina Roth]], Argentine BMX rider<ref>{{cite web |title=Cycling BMX {{!}} Athlete Profile: ROTH Agustina - Pan American Games Lima 2019 |url=https://wrsd.lima2019.pe/panam/en/results/cycling-bmx/athlete-profile-n1138841-roth-agustina.htm |website=wrsd.lima2019.pe |access-date=31 May 2020 |archive-date=19 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619141607/https://wrsd.lima2019.pe/panam/en/results/cycling-bmx/athlete-profile-n1138841-roth-agustina.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Deaths== ===Pre-1600=== *[[AD 707|707]] – [[Emperor Monmu]] of Japan (born 683) * [[715]] – [[Muhammad bin Qasim]], Umayyad general (born 695) * [[912]] – [[Zhu Wen]], Chinese emperor (born 852) * [[924]] – [[Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat]], Abbasid vizier (born 855) * [[928]] – [[Stephen II of Constantinople|Stephen II]], patriarch of [[Constantinople]] * [[984]] – [[Dietrich I of Metz|Dietrich I]], bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz|Metz]]<ref name="theo">{{cite web |title=Theoderich I. von Metz |url=https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienD/Dietrich_von_Metz.html |website=heiligenlexikon.de |access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref> *[[1100]] – [[Godfrey of Bouillon]], Frankish knight (born 1016) *[[1185]] – [[Stefan (archbishop of Uppsala)|Stefan]], first [[Archbishop of Uppsala]] (born before 1143) *[[1194]] – [[Guy of Lusignan]], king consort of Jerusalem (born c. 1150) *[[1232]] – [[John de Braose]], Marcher Lord of Bramber and Gower *[[1270]] – [[Boniface of Savoy (bishop)|Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury]] *[[1300]] – [[Gerard Segarelli]], Italian religious leader, founded the [[Apostolic Brethren]] (born 1240) *[[1450]] – [[Francis I, Duke of Brittany]] (born 1414) *[[1488]] – [[Alvise Cadamosto]], Italian explorer (born 1432) *[[1566]] – [[Bartolomé de las Casas]], Spanish bishop and historian (born c.1484)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Parish |first1=Helen Rand |last2=Weidman |first2=Harold E. |title=The Correct Birthdate of Bartolomé de las Casas |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2514372 |journal=The Hispanic American Historical Review |access-date=12 July 2021 |pages=385–403 |doi=10.2307/2514372 |date=1976|volume=56 |issue=3 |jstor=2514372 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Clayton |first1=Lawrence A. |title=Bartolomé de las Casas and the Conquest of the Americas |date=23 November 2010 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4443-9273-9 |page=150 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NP1WfJFLePsC&pg=PA150 |language=en}}</ref> *[[1591]] – [[Jacobus Gallus]], Slovenian composer (born 1550) ===1601–1900=== *[[1608]] – [[Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg]] (born 1546) *[[1610]] – [[Caravaggio]], Italian painter (born 1571) *[[1639]] – [[Bernard of Saxe-Weimar]], German general (born 1604) *[[1650]] – [[Robert Levinz]], English Royalist, hanged in London by Parliamentary forces as a spy (born 1615)<ref>{{DNB |wstitle=Levinz, Robert |first=Emily Tennyson |last=Bradley |author-link=Emily Tennyson Bradley |volume=33 |page=161}}</ref> *[[1695]] – [[Johannes Camphuys]], Dutch politician, [[Governor-general of the Dutch East Indies]] (born 1634) *[[1698]] – [[Johann Heinrich Heidegger]], Swiss theologian and author (born 1633) *[[1721]] – [[Jean-Antoine Watteau]], French painter (born 1684) *[[1730]] – [[François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy]], French general (born 1644) *[[1756]] – [[Pieter Langendijk]], Dutch poet and playwright (born 1683) *[[1792]] – [[John Paul Jones]], Scottish-American admiral and diplomat (born 1747) *[[1817]] – [[Jane Austen]], English novelist (born 1775)<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Gambino |first1=Megan |title=The Top 10 Books Lost to Time |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-top-10-books-lost-to-time-83373197/ |access-date=12 September 2023 |magazine=Smithsonian Magazine |date=19 September 2011}}</ref> *[[1837]] – [[Vincenzo Borg]], Maltese merchant and rebel leader (born 1777) *[[1863]] – [[Robert Gould Shaw]], American colonel (born 1837) *[[1872]] – [[Benito Juárez]], Mexican lawyer and politician, 26th [[President of Mexico]] (born 1806) *[[1884]] – [[Ferdinand von Hochstetter]], Austrian geologist and academic (born 1829) *[[1890]] – [[Lydia Becker]], English journalist, author, and activist, co-founded the ''[[Women's Suffrage Journal]]'' (born 1827)<ref>{{cite book|first=Michelle Elizabeth|last=Tusan|title=Women Making News: Gender and Journalism in Modern Britain|location=Urbana|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2005|page=263|isbn=978-0-2520-3015-4}}</ref> *[[1892]] – [[Thomas Cook]], English travel agent, founded the [[Thomas Cook Group]] (born 1808)<ref>{{cite web |title=Thomas Cook {{!}} British businessman {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Cook |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=11 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> *[[1899]] – [[Horatio Alger]], American novelist and journalist (born 1832) ===1901–present=== *[[1916]] – [[Benjamin C. Truman]], American journalist and author (born 1835) *[[1925]] – [[Louis-Nazaire Bégin]], Canadian cardinal (born 1840) *[[1932]] – [[Jean Jules Jusserand]], French author and diplomat, [[List of French ambassadors to the United States|French Ambassador to the United States]] (born 1855) *[[1937]] – [[Julian Bell]], English poet and academic (born 1908) *[[1938]] – [[Marie of Romania]] (born 1875)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pakula |first1=Hannah |title=The Last Romantic |date=1985 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |location=New York |isbn=0671463640 |page=418}}</ref> *[[1944]] – [[Thomas Sturge Moore]], English author, poet, and playwright (born 1870) *[[1947]] – [[Evald Tipner]], Estonian footballer and ice hockey player (born 1906) *[[1948]] – [[Herman Gummerus]], Finnish historian, academic, and politician (born 1877) *[[1949]] – [[Vítězslav Novák]], Czech composer and educator (born 1870) * 1949 – [[Francisco Javier Arana]], Guatemalan Army colonel and briefly Guatemalan head of state (born 1905) *[[1950]] – [[Carl Clinton Van Doren]], American critic and biographer (born 1885) *[[1952]] – [[Paul Saintenoy]], Belgian architect and historian (born 1862) *[[1954]] – [[Machine Gun Kelly (gangster)|Machine Gun Kelly]], American gangster (born 1895) *[[1966]] – [[Bobby Fuller]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1942) *[[1968]] – [[Corneille Heymans]], Belgian physiologist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (born 1892) *[[1969]] – [[Mary Jo Kopechne]], American educator and secretary (born 1940) *[[1973]] – [[Jack Hawkins]], English actor (born 1910) *[[1975]] – [[Vaughn Bodē]], American illustrator (born 1941) *[[1981]] – [[Sonja Branting-Westerståhl]], Swedish lawyer (born 1890)<ref>{{cite book|last=Harnesk|first=Paul|title=Vem är Vem?|location=Stockholm|publisher=Vem är Vem Bokförlag|year=1945|url=https://runeberg.org/vemarvem/sthlm45/0131.html|access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref> *[[1982]] – [[Roman Jakobson]], Russian–American linguist and theorist (born 1896) *[[1984]] – [[Lally Bowers]], English actress (born 1914) * 1984 – [[Grigori Kromanov]], Estonian director and screenwriter (born 1926) *[[1987]] – [[Gilberto Freyre]], Brazilian sociologist, anthropologist, historian, writer, painter, journalist and congressman (born 1907) *[[1988]] – [[Nico]], German singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and actress (born 1938) * 1988 – [[Joly Braga Santos]], Portuguese composer and conductor (born 1924) *[[1989]] – [[Donnie Moore]], American baseball player (born 1954) * 1989 – [[Rebecca Schaeffer]], American model and actress (born 1967)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.franksreelreviews.com/shorttakes/shaeffer/shaeffer.htm|last=Williams|first=Frank|title=The Stalking Death that Changed the Law: Rebecca Schaeffer Never Lived to Realize Her Success|website=frankseelreviews.com|access-date=20 July 2019}}</ref> *[[1990]] – [[Karl Menninger]], American psychiatrist and author (born 1896) * 1990 – [[Yun Posun]], South Korean politician, 2nd [[President of South Korea]] (born 1897) *[[2001]] – [[Mimi Fariña]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1945) *[[2002]] – [[Metin Toker]], Turkish journalist and author (born 1924) *[[2004]] – [[André Castelot]], Belgian-French historian and author (born 1911) * 2004 – [[Émile Peynaud]], French wine maker (born 1912) *[[2005]] – [[Amy Gillett]], Australian cyclist and rower (born 1976) * 2005 – [[William Westmoreland]], American general (born 1914) *[[2006]] – [[Henry Hewes (critic)|Henry Hewes]], American theater writer (born 1917)<ref>{{cite news |title=Henry Hewes, Theater Critic, 89, Is Dead|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Isherwood, Charles|author-link=Charles Isherwood|date=July 20, 2006|access-date=March 11, 2020| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/20/theater/20hewes.html?ex=1311048000&en=b9f130d20a9f31a3&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss}}</ref> *[[2007]] – [[Jerry Hadley]], American tenor (born 1952) * 2007 – [[Kenji Miyamoto (politician)|Kenji Miyamoto]], Japanese politician (born 1908) *[[2009]] – [[Henry Allingham]], English soldier (born 1896)<ref>{{cite web |title=Henry William Allingham, 6 June 1896 - 18 July 2009 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/radio4/entries/7e185c19-18d1-3267-a230-705aa674f52a |website=BBC |access-date=11 January 2020 |language=en |date=19 July 2009}}</ref> * 2009 – [[Jill Balcon]], English actress (born 1925) *[[2012]] – [[Yosef Shalom Eliashiv]], Lithuanian-Israeli rabbi and author (born 1910) * 2012 – [[Jean François-Poncet]], French politician and diplomat, [[Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (France)|French Minister of Foreign Affairs]] (born 1928) * 2012 – [[Dawoud Rajiha]], Syrian general and politician, [[Ministry of Defense (Syria)|Syrian Minister of Defense]] (born 1947) * 2012 – [[Assef Shawkat]], Syrian general and politician (born 1950) * 2012 – [[Hasan Turkmani]], Syrian general and politician, [[Ministry of Defense (Syria)|Syrian Minister of Defense]] (born 1935) * 2012 – [[Rajesh Khanna]], Indian actor (born 1942) *[[2013]] – [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]], Indian poet, songwriter, and actor (born 1931) * 2013 – [[Olivier Ameisen]], French-American cardiologist and academic (born 1953) *[[2014]] – [[Andreas Biermann]], German footballer (born 1980) * 2014 – [[João Ubaldo Ribeiro]], Brazilian journalist, author, and academic (born 1941) * 2014 – [[Dietmar Schönherr]], Austrian-Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1926) *[[2015]] – [[Alex Rocco]], American actor (born 1936) *[[2018]] – [[Jonathan Gold]], American food critic (born 1960)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/notable-deaths-in-2018/2/|title= Notable deaths in 2018 : Jonathan Gold|newspaper=CBS News|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> * 2018 – [[Adrian Cronauer]], American radio personality (born 1938)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/notable-deaths-in-2018/4/|title= Notable deaths in 2018 : Adrian Cronauer|newspaper=CBS News|access-date=August 13, 2018 }}</ref> *[[2021]] – [[Tom O'Connor (comedian)|Tom O'Connor]], English comedian (born 1939)<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Shafer|first1=Ellise|date=2021-07-18|title=Tom O'Connor, Comedian and Veteran Game Show Host, Dies at 81|url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/tom-oconnor-dead-dies-comedian-game-show-host-1235022362/|access-date=2021-07-19|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[2023]] – [[Oommen Chandy]], Indian politician, former [[Chief Minister of Kerala]] (born 1943)<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 July 2023 |title=Oommen Chandy's death due to complications from cancer |language=en |newspaper=Deccan Herald |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/oommen-chandys-death-due-to-complications-from-cancer-1238193.html |access-date=18 July 2023}}</ref> * [[2024]] – [[Lou Dobbs]], American political commentator and television host (born 1945)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjjwy5dxdy2o|title= Former US news anchor Lou Dobbs dies at 78|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=July 19, 2024}}</ref> * 2024 – [[Abner Haynes]], American football player (born 1937)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-19 |title=Ex-AFL MVP, Chiefs star RB Haynes dies at 86 |url=https://www.espn.ph/nfl/story/_/id/40593994/chiefs-hall-famer-abner-haynes-1960-afl-mvp-dies-86 |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> * 2024 – [[Bob Newhart]], American comedian and actor (born 1929)<ref>{{cite web |last=Barnes |first=Mike |date=July 18, 2024 |title=Bob Newhart, Dean of the Deadpan Delivery, Dies at 94 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/bob-newhart-dead-sitcom-legend-1235952438/ |accessdate=July 18, 2024 |publisher=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Holidays and observances== *Christian [[Calendar of saints|feast day]]: **[[Arnulf of Metz]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Collections Online {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG143347 |website=www.britishmuseum.org |access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> **[[Bruno (bishop of Segni)|Bruno of Segni]]<ref name=Beutner>{{cite book |last1=Beutner |first1=Dawn Marie |title=Saints: Becoming an Image of Christ Every Day of the Year |date=2020 |publisher=Ignatius Press |isbn=978-1-62164-341-8 |pages=269–270 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p-r5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA269 |language=en}}</ref> **[[Camillus de Lellis]] (optional memorial, United States only)<ref name=Beutner /> **[[Eadburh of Bicester|Eadburh (or Edburga) of Bicester]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Edburga of Bicester |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095741850 |website=Oxford Reference |access-date=12 July 2021 |language=en }}</ref> **[[Elizabeth Ferard]] ([[Church of England]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tristram |first1=Brother |title=Exciting Holiness: Collects and Readings for the Festivals and Lesser Festivals of the Calendars of the Church of England, the Church of Ireland, the Scottish Episcopal Church and the Church in Wales |date=3 January 2013 |publisher=Canterbury Press |isbn=978-1-84825-365-0 |page=585 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eWmmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT585 |language=en}}</ref> **[[Frederick of Utrecht]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Collections Online {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG151499 |website=www.britishmuseum.org |access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> **[[Maternus (bishop of Milan)|Maternus of Milan]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Watkins |first1=Basil |title=The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary |date=19 November 2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-0-567-66414-3 |page=507 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a06TCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA507 |language=en}}</ref> **[[Pambo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Venerable Pambo the Hermit of Egypt |url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2008/07/18/102051-venerable-pambo-the-hermit-of-egypt |website=www.oca.org |access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> **[[Philastrius]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=FORSTER (F.L.S.) |first1=Thomas |title=The Perennial Calendar, and Companion to the Almanack; Illustrating the Events of Every Day in the Year, as Connected with History, Chronology, Botany, Etc. With Useful Rules of Health, Observations on the Weather, Etc. Compiled from Scientific Authorities as Well as from the Manuscripts of Several Distinguished Persons, and Revised and Edited by T. F. |date=1824 |page=777 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tw9bAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA777 |language=en}}</ref> **[[Symphorosa]]<ref name=Beutner /> **[[Theodosia of Constantinople]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Philippides |first1=Marios |last2=Hanak |first2=Walter K. |title=The Siege and the Fall of Constantinople in 1453: Historiography, Topography, and Military Studies |date=2 May 2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-01608-3 |page=342 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qQbGDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT342 |language=en}}</ref> **[[July 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)]] *[[Constitution Day (Uruguay)]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burford |first1=Tim |last2=Connolly |first2=Sean |title=Uruguay |date=16 September 2017 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-78477-059-4 |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOA2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72 |language=en}}</ref> *[[Nelson Mandela International Day]]<ref>{{cite web |title=International Days |url=https://www.un.org/en/sections/observances/international-days/ |website=www.un.org |access-date=2 January 2021 |language=en |date=6 January 2015}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{commons}} * {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/18 |title=On This Day |publisher=BBC}} * {{NYT On this day|month=07|day=18}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.onthisday.com/events/july/18 |title=Historical Events on July 18 |publisher=OnThisDay.com}} {{months}} {{DEFAULTSORT:July 18}} [[Category:Days of July]]
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