Editing Junker mutiny

{{Short description|Petrograd military school cadet resistance against Bolsheviks in 1917}}
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{{infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Junker mutiny<br/>{{langx|ru|Юнкерский мятеж}}
| partof            = [[October Revolution]]
| image             = File:Юнкера в Петрограде 1917 г.jpg
| caption           = Junkers cadets opposed the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks.
| date              = {{nowrap|{{OldStyleDate|11 November|1917|29 October}}}}
| place             = [[Petrograd]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SR]]
| coordinates       = 
| map_type          = 
| latitude          = 
| longitude         = 
| map_size          = 
| map_caption       = 
| map_label         = 
| territory         = 
| result            = Mutiny failed<br/>[[Bolshevik]]s remain in power
| status            = 
| combatant1        = {{flagicon|Russia}} Committee for the Salvation of the Motherland and Revolution
*{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Junker (Russia)|Junkers]]
| combatant2        = {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian Soviet Republic]]
*{{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Red Guards (Russia)|Red Guards]]
| combatant3        = 
| commander1        = {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Georgy Polkovnikov]]<br/>{{flagicon|Russia}} Aleksandr Bruderer<br/>{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Vladimir Purishkevich]]
| commander2        = {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Vladimir Lenin]]<br/>{{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Leon Trotsky]]
| commander3        = 
| strength1         = ≈ 830 men<br/>A few armored cars
| strength2         = Uncertain
| strength3         = 
| casualties1       = 
| casualties2       = 
| casualties3       = 238 Red Guards and up to 300 people killed.{{Sfn|Glaser|Krivushin|2021|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OBcsEAAAQBAJ&dq=junker+mutiny+bolshevik&pg=PA26 26]}}
| notes             = 
}}

The '''Junker mutiny''' ({{langx|ru|Юнкерский мятеж}}) was a Russian [[counterrevolutionary]] [[mutiny]] of [[junker (Russia)|military school]] cadets in [[Petrograd]] against the [[Bolsheviks]] in October 1917.

On October 29 (November 11 ([[New Style|N.S.]])) of 1917, students of junker schools in [[Petrograd]] rose up against the Bolsheviks under the leadership of the [[Committee for the Salvation of the Homeland and Revolution (Russia 1917)|Committee for Salvation of Motherland and Revolution]] (Комитет спасения родины и революции), organised by the [[Right Eser]]s. The goal of the mutiny was to support the [[Kerensky-Krasnov uprising]] (October 26–31, 1917). The rebellious students wanted to seize the city [[telephone exchange]], [[Peter and Paul Fortress]], [[Smolny]] and arrest the [[Soviet government]] together with the Bolshevik leaders.

On October 29, the [[Red Guards (Russia)|Red Guard]] patrol detained one of the leaders of the Junker mutiny, an Eser named Aleksandr Arnoldovich Bruderer, who had a plan of the mutiny with him. Former Commander-in-Chief of the Petrograd military [[okrug]], Colonel Georgi Polkovnikov, pronounced himself as commander of the so-called "Salvation Army" (войска спасения) and ordered his garrison not to execute orders issued by the [[Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee]] (PMRC), arrest its [[commissar]]s, and send representatives from all military units to Nikolayevskoye School of Engineers (a.k.a. Engineer's Fortress), the headquarters of the mutiny leaders. The junkers of the Nikolayevskoye School of Engineers seized the Mikhailovsky Manege, stole a number of [[Armored car (military)|armored car]]s, captured the city telephone exchange, cut off power in Smolny, seized [[Hotel Astoria (Saint Petersburg)|Hotel Astoria]], and began to disarm the Red Guards and revolutionary soldiers. The students of Vladimirskoye Military School disarmed the school guards and arrested some of the PMRC commissars. At 8:30&nbsp;a.m. on October 29, the leaders of the Junker mutiny sent out telegrams all over Petrograd, announcing the success of the rebellion and calling out for the arrest of all the PMRC commissars and the concentration of participating military units at the Nikolayevskoye School of Engineers.

The revolutionary garrison of Petrograd, however, refused to support the mutiny. PMRC issued an appeal to the citizens of Petrograd and announced the [[state of siege]]. By 11 a.m. of October 29, the Red Guards and revolutionary soldiers had regained control over the telephone exchange and surrounded the Engineer's Fortress. Most of the junkers fled, but those who remained would be disarmed by 5 p.m. and sent to the Peter and Paul Fortress. The junkers opened fire on the 56th regiment of Kremlin guards that were sympathetic to the Bolsheviks and had agreed to surrender to the junkers in exchange for their freedom. However, all of them were shot with up to 300 people killed.{{Sfn|Glaser|Krivushin|2021|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OBcsEAAAQBAJ&dq=junker+mutiny+bolshevik&pg=PA26 26]}} The Vladimir military school was subjected to severe artillery shelling by the Bolshevik troops. Hundreds of junkers were killed or injured in the fighting. After the surrender of the schools dozens of junkers were shot at the walls of the Peter and Paul Fortress according to the testimony of [[Nostitz family|Countess Lilli Nostitz]].<ref>[https://orlova-center.ru/en/rasteniya/voenno-morskie-uchilishcha-rossiiskoi-imperii-voenno-uchebnye/ Vladimir Military School]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdgcPFMqDbU&t=462s The End Of Passchendaele – Fighting in Petrograd I The Great War  Week 173]</ref>  Conversely, 238 [[Red Guards (Russia)|Red Guards]] had been killed in the service of the Soviet regime were buried.{{Sfn|Glaser|Krivushin|2021|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OBcsEAAAQBAJ&dq=junker+mutiny+bolshevik&pg=PA26 26]}} However, some Bolshevik commanders such as [[Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko]] protected his prisoners and spared them from an enraged population in Petrograd.{{Sfn| Miéville|2018|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=nMdfDwAAQBAJ&dq=junker+mutiny+google+books&pg=PA307 307]}}

==See also==
* [[Kronstadt Mutiny]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{Cite book |last=Glaser |first=Marina |last2=Krivushin |first2=Ivan |title=Moscow's Evolution as a Political Space: From Yuri Dolgorukiy to Sergei Sobyanin |date=30 April 2021 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-68673-4 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OBcsEAAAQBAJ&dq=junker+mutiny+bolshevik&pg=PA26 26] |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Miéville |first1=China |title=October: The Story of the Russian Revolution |date=22 May 2018 |publisher=Verso Books |isbn=978-1-78478-278-8 |language=en}}

{{Russian Revolution 1917}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Junker Mutiny}}
[[Category:1917 in Russia]]
[[Category:1917 riots]]
[[Category:Anti-Bolshevik uprisings]]
[[Category:Russian Revolution in Petrograd]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Russia]]
[[Category:Mutinies in World War I]]
[[Category:October 1917 in Europe]]
[[Category:November 1917 in Europe]]