Editing Kalervo Palsa

{{Short description|Finnish artist (1947–1987)}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name        = Kalervo Palsa
| image       = <!-- just the filename, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| alt         = 
| caption     = 
| birth_name  = 
| birth_date  = {{Birth-date|12 March 1947}}
| birth_place = [[Kittilä]], Finland
| death_date  = {{Death-date and age|3 October 1987|12 March 1947}}
| death_place = [[Kittilä]], Finland
| other_names = 
| known_for   = 
| occupation  = Artist
}}
'''Huugo Kalervo Palsa''', known as '''Kalle''' (12 March 1947 – 3 October 1987), was a Finnish artist whose style has been described as fantastic [[expressionism]], often influenced by depictions of [[sexuality]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=The fantastic expressionism of Kalervo Palsa |url=https://fahrenheitmagazine.com/en/modern-art/Visual/the-fantastic-expressionism-of-kalervo-palsa |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=[[Fahrenheit (magazine)|Fahrenheit]]}}</ref>

Although his work did not draw significant attention in his lifetime, Kalervo Palsa's reputation grew after being the subject of [[Art exhibition|exhibitions]] and writings following his death. In 2013, a film based on his life, ''[[:fi:Kalervo Palsa ja kuriton käsi|Kalervo Palsa ja kuriton käsi]]'' was released.<ref>{{Cite web |title=R&A 13: Kalervo Palsa ja kuriton käsi |url=https://www.finnkino.fi/fi/event/299897/title/randa_13_kalervo_palsa_ja_kuriton_k%C3%A4si/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=Finnkino}}</ref> In 2013, his house was converted into the Palsa Museum, dedicated to his work.<ref name="palsamuseo" />

==Life==
Palsa was a native of [[Kittilä]] in [[Lapland (Finland)|Lapland]]. As a child, he grew up in a dysfunctional household where display of emotion was discouraged.<ref name="yle">{{Cite web |last=Karemo |first=Tuomas |date=2022-06-18 |title= Vasta nyt olen valmis kertomaan totuuden Kalervo Palsasta – kohutun taiteilijan taulut tuholta pelastanut Maj-Lis Pitkänen puhuu nuorena kuolleesta ystävästään  |url=https://yle.fi/aihe/a/20-10002965 |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=[[YLE]] |lang=fi}}</ref>

Palsa began keeping a journal in which he recorded his thoughts in the early 1960s. His work was first exhibited in [[Rovaniemi]] in 1967, and he became the first member of his family to graduate high school in 1970. He spent time in the 1970s as an art student in [[Helsinki]], but resided permanently at a small studio cabin in Kittilä.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robbins |first=Nina |title=Kalervo PALSA |url=http://www.kiasma.fi/site/pop/pop.php?tid=120&lang=fi&mo= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090824153942/http://www.kiasma.fi/site/pop/pop.php?tid=120&lang=fi&mo= |archive-date=2009-08-24 |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=POP }}</ref> It was connected to electricity by a long extension cable from a nearby house, and Palsa called it his "[[Gethsemane|Getsemane]]" after the biblical site, or sometimes his "castle in the clouds".

Palsa died in 1987, lying in bed at home alone with pneumonia.<ref name="palsamuseo">{{Cite web |title=Artist Kalervo Palsa |url=http://www.palsamuseo.fi/in-english/artist-kalervo-palsa/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=PALSA-MUSEO}}</ref>

==Legacy==
During his life he had artist friends including [[Reidar Särestöniemi]], but his two biggest supporters were his mother, and his soulmate/muse Maj-Lis Pitkänen, the sister of his childhood sweetheart Maaret.

After his death, Maj-Lis was bequeathed his artistic works and journal, and donated them to the [[Kiasma]] art museum in 1999.<ref name="palsamuseo" /> She would later go on to curate several exhibitions of his work and to edit compilations of his writings.<ref name="yle" /> She led a long-term campaign to install a memorial cenotaph for Palsa, which was sculpted by the Finnish artist, Pekka Pitkänen, Maj-Lis's husband. The statue, shaped like a stylized seed or [[bullroarer]], was viewed by the parish as [[Paganism|pagan]], or even representing female sexual organs. Some argued against Palsa's burial in the parish due to his supposed sexual perversion, though his reputation has been partially rehabilitated since.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}

== Art ==
[[File:Kalervo Palsan kotitalo Palsa-museossa.jpg|thumb|Kalervo Palsa Museum]] 
Kalervo Palsa used a varied palette of techniques and materials, including housepaint. He painted over 1,000 self-portraits.

Most of his works explore in graphic detail the dark side of humanity, and especially of his native northern regions, with prominent themes including grotesque sexuality, [[Sadism and Masochism|sadism]], homosexuality, bisexuality and a general emotional frigidity [[paraphilia]].

Palsa went through a brief phase of experimentation with [[abstract art]] while staying in New York City. According to his diaries, this phase ended suddenly one day when he saw an unconscious black man sprawled on a subway bench.

[[File:Finnish artist Kalervo Palsa's gravestone - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Kalervo Palsa gravestone]]
Besides [[Hieronymus Bosch]], his work has been compared to that of [[Frida Kahlo]]. His artistic influences include [[René Magritte]] and [[Vincent van Gogh]], and his works also include references to [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], [[August Strindberg]] and [[Jean Genet]]. On the first page of Eläkeläinen muistelee, he mentions other looser influences such as [[Jonathan Swift]] and [[Vladimir Lenin]], among others.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}

Some researchers have noted that though he remained active in his work up to his death in 1987, his work did not show signs of the [[postmodernism]] evident in the work of many other artists of the time.{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}

===Notable works===
[[File:Kalervo Palsa Museum, Getsemane, the Artist's Studio - panoramio (3).jpg|thumb|Artist's studio]]
*''Turva'' ("Security") is a painting of a giant anus surrounded by horrifying images. At the center of the painting the anus opens as a window showing a man seated serenely in a rocking chair, apparently untouched by the horrors.
*''Missi Paskantaa'' ("A Beauty Pageant Contestant Takes a Dump"), a black-and-white inked comic strip. The work consists of a few pages of deadpan illustrated technical description of the practical ramifications of beauty pageant contestants having to defecate, and finally ends with an illustrated listing of varieties of consistency of faeces that might come out of such a girl's anus, with attendant analysis.
*''Eläkeläinen Muistelee'' ("Retiree Reminisces"), a black-and-white inked comic-book recounting a plethora of highly surreal homosexual sadistic tales.
*''Miehen Kuukautiset'' ("The Male Period"), a painting of a man's bleeding anus.
*''Vapautuminen'' ("Deliverance"), a painting of a man suspended in mid-air, hung by a rope attached around the glans of his own huge penis.
*''Uusi Ihminen'' ("New (Hu)Man"), a man giving birth through his anal opening.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control (arts)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Palsa, Kalervo}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Finnish painters]]
[[Category:Finnish Expressionist painters]]
[[Category:Finnish cartoonists]]
[[Category:People from Kittilä]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in Finland]]
[[Category:Sexuality in arts]]