Editing Ken Levine (game developer)

{{Short description|American video game developer (born 1966)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
|name=Ken Levine
| image       = Ken Levine 2014 GDC cropped.jpg
| caption     = Levine at the 2014 [[Game Developers Conference]]
| birth_name = Kenneth M. Levine
| birth_date  = {{birth date and age|1966|09|01}}
| birth_place = [[Flushing, New York]], U.S.
| death_date  = 
| death_place = 
| education   = [[Vassar College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])
| occupation  = [[Video game designer]], [[creative director]], [[author]], [[screenwriter]]
| spouse      = 
| parents     = 
| children    = 
| known_for   = ''[[BioShock]]''<br />''[[BioShock Infinite]]''<br />''[[Freedom Force (2002 video game)|Freedom Force]]''<br />''[[System Shock 2]]''<br />''[[Thief: The Dark Project]]''
}}

'''Kenneth M. Levine''' (born September 1, 1966) is an American video game developer. He is the creative director and co-founder of [[Ghost Story Games]] (formerly known as [[Irrational Games]]). He led the creation of the [[BioShock (series)|''BioShock'' series]] and is also known for his work ''[[System Shock 2]]''.<ref>Fahey, Mike. [http://kotaku.com/#!335453/x+play-awards-bioshock-game-of-the-year "X-Play Awards BioShock Game Of The Year"], "Kotaku," December 18, 2007. Accessed April 6, 2011.</ref><ref>Jenkins, David. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071217234125/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=16553 "BioShock Wins SpikeTV Game of the Year"], "Gamasutra," December 10, 2007. Referenced April 6, 2011.</ref><ref>GameSpot UK Staff. [http://www.gamespot.com/news/6181514.html "BioShock, Wii Sports top BAFTAs"], "GameSpot UK," October 23, 2007. Referenced April 6, 2011.</ref><ref name=biosales>Davey, Jamie. [http://www.strategyinformer.com/news/11378/take-two-grand-theft-auto-franchise-sells-over-100-million-units-gta-iv-accounts-for-20m "Take-Two: Grand Theft Auto franchise sells over 100 million units, GTAIV accounts for 20m"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313064641/http://www.strategyinformer.com/news/11378/take-two-grand-theft-auto-franchise-sells-over-100-million-units-gta-iv-accounts-for-20m |date=March 13, 2011 }}, March 10, 2011. Referenced April 6, 2011.</ref>

Levine was named one of the "Storytellers of the Decade" by ''[[Game Informer]]''<ref>Game Informer Staff, "Best Storytellers of the Decade." Game Informer, #212, December 2010, p. 70.</ref> and was the [[1UP Network]]'s 2007 person of the year.<ref>1UP Staff. [https://archive.today/20120715210939/http://www.1up.com/features/2007-1up-network-editorial-awards "2007 1UP Network Editors' Choice Awards"], "1UP," January 30, 2008. Referenced April 6, 2011.</ref> In 2009, he was chosen by [[IGN]] as one of the top 100 game creators of all time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/top/game-creators/37.html |title=IGN - 37. Ken Levine |website=IGN |language=en |access-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420063035/http://www.ign.com/top/game-creators/37.html |archive-date=April 20, 2014}}</ref> He received the inaugural [[Golden Joystick]] "Lifetime Achievement Award" for his work.

== Career ==
===Early life===
Levine was born in [[Flushing, New York]], to a Jewish family.<ref>{{cite web|title=BioShock's Jewish Roots Run Deep|first=Cody|last=Mello-Klein|website=Kotaku|date=July 10, 2018|url=https://kotaku.com/bioshocks-jewish-roots-run-deep-1827482206}}</ref> Raised in [[Upper Saddle River, New Jersey]], Levine graduated from [[Northern Highlands Regional High School]].<ref>Bastug, Gregory. [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-record-news-from-ken-levine-at-vassa/166238062/ "Around Town"], ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'', December 30, 1987. Accessed February 20, 2025, via [[Newspapers.com]]. "Kenneth Levine of Upper Saddle River performed in the Vassar College Drama Department production of "Morn to Midnight." The play, by Paul Schmidt, is an adaptation of a German play by George Kaiser. Levine is a senior at Vassar and a graduate of Northern Highlands Regional High School in Allendale."</ref>

He studied drama at [[Vassar College]], graduating with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in drama in 1988<ref>{{cite web|last=Scharr|first=Jillian|title=Levine '88 discusses career as game developer|url=http://www.miscellanynews.com/2.1579/levine-88-discusses-career-as-game-developer-1.2167708#.UPd1Wieum50|publisher=The Miscellany News|access-date=January 17, 2013|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100313081830/http://www.miscellanynews.com/2.1579/levine-88-discusses-career-as-game-developer-1.2167708#.UPd1Wieum50|archive-date=March 13, 2010}}</ref> in [[Poughkeepsie, New York]] before moving to Los Angeles to pursue a film career, writing two screenplays.<ref name=paxkeynote>Levine, Ken. [http://irrationalgames.com/insider/pax-2008-keynote-with-ken-levine/ "PAX 2008 Keynote"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722100132/http://irrationalgames.com/insider/pax-2008-keynote-with-ken-levine/ |date=July 22, 2011 }}, August 30, 2008. Referenced April 4, 2011.</ref>

Before he got into gaming, Levine worked as a computer consultant on [[Wall Street]] but admitted he was not very good at it, describing his attitude towards the job as a "slacker".<ref>{{cite web |last1=GameSpot |title=Hot Seat: Ken Levine Interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taFNwbiseDE&t=3m07s |website=YouTube |date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=April 27, 2023}}</ref>

===Looking Glass===
In 1995, Levine was hired as a game designer by [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]-based [[Looking Glass Studios]] after replying to a job ad in [[Next Generation (magazine)|''Next Generation'' magazine]].<ref name=paxkeynote /> At Looking Glass, he worked with pioneering designer [[Doug Church]]<ref>G4 TV. [http://www.g4tv.com/videos/51802/Feedback-LIVE-At-PAX-East-2011-With-Ken-Levine/ "Feedback LIVE! At PAX East 2011 With Ken Levine"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017063601/http://www.g4tv.com/videos/51802/Feedback-LIVE-At-PAX-East-2011-With-Ken-Levine/ |date=October 17, 2012 }}, March 12, 2011. Referenced April 4, 2011.</ref> to establish the initial fiction and design of ''[[Thief: The Dark Project]]''.<ref>Omni. [http://www.armchairempire.com/Interviews/freedom-force-vs-the-third-reich-interview.htm "Freedom Force vs. The Third Reich Q&A with Ken Levine"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923173700/http://www.armchairempire.com/Interviews/freedom-force-vs-the-third-reich-interview.htm |date=September 23, 2015 }}, "The Armchair Empire," March 10, 2005. Referenced April 4, 2011.</ref>

===Irrational Games===
In 1997, following his work on ''Thief'', Levine left Looking Glass along with two coworkers, Jonathan Chey and Robert Fermier, to found Irrational Games.<ref>Irrational Games. [http://irrationalgames.com/studio/ "Studio"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404002724/http://irrationalgames.com/studio/ |date=April 4, 2011 }}, referenced April 4, 2011.</ref> The studio's first game was ''[[System Shock 2]]'', an early hybrid of a [[role-playing game]] and [[first-person shooter]]. It is the sequel to Looking Glass' ''[[System Shock]]'' (1994). Levine served as lead writer and designer,<ref>MobyGames. [http://www.mobygames.com/game/windows/system-shock-2/credits "System Shock (1999) Windows credits"], "MobyGames," referenced April 4, 2011.</ref> and the game shipped in 1999 to critical acclaim.<ref>Metacritic. [https://www.metacritic.com/game/system-shock-2/critic-reviews/?platform=pc "System Shock 2 for PC Reviews"], referenced April 4, 2011.</ref>

Irrational Games developed ''[[Freedom Force (2002 video game)|Freedom Force]]'' and its sequel ''[[Freedom Force vs the 3rd Reich]]'', real-time tactical role-playing games that drew heavily on the love Levine and Irrational Games's artist Robb Waters had for the [[Silver Age of Comic Books]]. After the first ''Freedom Force'' game, Irrational developed the first-person shooters ''[[Tribes: Vengeance]]'' and ''[[SWAT 4]]'', on which Levine served as writer and executive producer respectively.

Although ''Tribes: Vengeance'', ''SWAT 4'', and ''Third Reich'' all shipped within a year of one another in 2004 and 2005, Irrational Games had been working in preproduction on the first-person shooter ''[[BioShock]]'', the studio's most ambitious game at that point, since 2002.<ref>Irrational Games. [http://irrationalgames.com/insider/from-the-vault-may/ "From the Vault – The BioShock Pitch"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813232138/http://irrationalgames.com/insider/from-the-vault-may/ |date=August 13, 2015 }}, referenced April 4, 2011.</ref> The game went through numerous revisions to its premise and gameplay, and was released in August 2007.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fear|first=Ed|title=Bioshock|website=MCV|date=June 23, 2008|url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/bioshock-was-a-sequence-of-failures-and-errors/0103034|publisher=develop|access-date=November 20, 2013}}</ref> In 2005, Levine, Chey, and Fermier sold Irrational Games to publisher [[Take-Two Interactive]]. Take-Two Interactive changed their name to [[2K (company)|2K]], just as ''BioShock'' was released. ''BioShock'' was a critical and commercial success, and is considered [[List of video games considered the best|one of the best video games of all time]].<ref>Metacritic. [http://www.metacritic.com/browse/games/score/metascore/all/all?view=condensed&sort=desc "Highest and Lowest Scoring Games at Metacritic"], referenced April 4, 2011.</ref> The [[BioShock (series)|''BioShock'' franchise]] has sold over 25 million units to date.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/06/01/bioshock-franchise-sees-lifetime-sales-of-25m-copies-with-11m-from-infinite-alone/|title=BioShock franchise sees lifetime sales of 25M copies – with 11M from Infinite alone|first=Dale|last=North|date=June 1, 2015|work=VentureBeat}}</ref>

In 2008, Levine delivered the keynote address at the [[Penny Arcade Expo]] in Seattle, discussing his youth as a nerd in the 1970s and how it impacted the path of his career.<ref name="paxkeynote" />

Since the release of ''BioShock'', Levine served as creative director and lead writer on ''[[BioShock Infinite]]'', set in 1912 in the floating city of [[Columbia (BioShock Infinite)|Columbia]]. ''BioShock Infinite'' was a critical and commercial success, winning over 80 awards pre-release.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bioshock Infinite wins 75 E3 editorial honors|url=http://irrationalgames.com/insider/bioshock-infinite-wins-75-e3-editorial-honors/|publisher=Irrational Games|access-date=November 20, 2013|archive-date=May 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518103603/http://irrationalgames.com/insider/bioshock-infinite-wins-75-e3-editorial-honors/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Game|url=http://www.bioshockinfinite.com/the-game/|publisher=Irrational Games|access-date=November 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330040712/http://www.bioshockinfinite.com/the-game|archive-date=March 30, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In February 2014, Levine announced that Irrational Games would be closing down, with fifteen members of the staff to follow Levine to focus on digital only, narrative-driven games for Take-Two.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://irrationalgames.com/new-featured/a-message-from-ken-levine-2/ |title=A Message From Ken Levine |access-date=May 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140219101811/http://irrationalgames.com/new-featured/a-message-from-ken-levine-2/ |archive-date=February 19, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He stated in a 2016 interview that the stress of managing ''Infinite''{{'}}s development had affected his health and personal relationships, and rather than stay on to lead an even larger ''BioShock'' game, opted to depart from it.<ref name="glixel sept2016">{{cite magazine | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160916112859/http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/we-were-all-miserable-inside-bioshock-video-game-franchise-w439921 | archive-date = September 16, 2016 | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/we-were-all-miserable-inside-bioshock-video-game-franchise-w439921 | title = Inside the Making of 'BioShock' Series With Creator Ken Levine | first = Chris | last = Suellentrop | date = September 14, 2016 | access-date = September 15, 2016 | magazine = [[Rolling Stone]] | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Ghost Story Games===
On February 23, 2017, Irrational Games was rebranded as [[Ghost Story Games]], founded by 12 of the former Irrational members with Levine remaining as president and creative director.<ref name="gamespot ghoststory">{{cite web | url = http://www.gamespot.com/articles/former-bioshock-studio-irrational-games-adopts-a-n/1100-6448166/ | title = Former BioShock Studio Irrational Games Adopts A New Name | first = Chris | last= Pereira |date = February 23, 2017 | access-date = February 23, 2017 | work = [[GameSpot]] }}</ref> In January 2022, the studio's game was reported to be in [[development hell]], with employees blaming Levine for a lack of leadership in producing a vaguely pitched game that Levine described as a "narrative [[LEGO]]" in which every player would have a unique experience.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.polygon.com/2013/10/9/4816828/ken-levines-next-big-thing-isnt-so-much-a-game-as-it-is-a-reinvention | title = Ken Levine on his secret post-BioShock 'thought experiment' | first = Brian| last = Crecente | date = October 9, 2013 | access-date = January 10, 2022 | work = [[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]}}</ref> On December 8, 2022, they revealed their game, the first-person shooter ''[[Judas (video game)|Judas]].''

== Work as an author and screenwriter ==

Levine has been a consultant and co-author of three books related to the ''BioShock'' franchise. These are ''[[BioShock: Rapture]]'', ''[[BioShock Infinite: Mind In Revolt|BioShock Infinite: Mind in Revolt]]'' and ''The Art of BioShock Infinite''. He himself did not work on the majority of ''Rapture'' and ''Mind in Revolt'', but provided the intellectual property and quotes used by the authors in the books. The author for ''Rapture'' was John Shirley and the author for ''Mind in Revolt'' was Joe Fielder.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wigham|first=Chris|title=Bioshock: Rapture – interview with the author, John Shirley|date=July 26, 2011|url=http://www.consoleob.com/features/bioshock-rapture-interview-with-the-author-john-shirley/|publisher=Console Obsession|access-date=November 20, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Fielder|first=Joe|title=Bioshock: Mind in Revolt|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17280623-bioshock-infinite|publisher=Amazon Digital Services Incorporated|access-date=November 20, 2013}}</ref> Levine personally wrote an introduction in the deluxe edition of ''The Art of BioShock Infinite'', published by [[Dark Horse Comics]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Art of Bioshock Infinite|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/16205945-the-art-of-bioshock-infinite|publisher=Dark Horse Comics|access-date=November 20, 2013}}</ref>

In June 2013, Levine had been confirmed to be writing the script for a new film version of the dystopian science fiction novel ''[[Logan's Run]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Futter|first=Mike|title=Bioshock's Ken Levine Tapped To Write Logan's Run Remake For Warner Bros.|url=https://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2013/06/18/bioshocks-ken-levine-tapped-to-write-logans-run-remake-for-warner-bros.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620162606/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2013/06/18/bioshocks-ken-levine-tapped-to-write-logans-run-remake-for-warner-bros.aspx|url-status=live|archive-date=June 20, 2013|publisher=Game Informer|access-date=November 20, 2013}}</ref> However, he was later dropped from the project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/simon-kinberg-takes-over-from-ken-levine-on-logans/1100-6429119/|title=Simon Kinberg Takes over from Ken Levine on Logan's Run Script|last=Auty|first=Dan|date=July 24, 2015|work=Gamespot}}</ref>

In April 2016, Levine stated he was working with [[Interlude (interactive video)|Interlude]] to write and produce the pilot episode for an interactive, live-action series based on ''[[The Twilight Zone#Potential third revival|The Twilight Zone]]'', which will be published by [[CBS]].<ref>{{cite magazine | url = https://www.wired.com/2016/04/ken-levine-twilight-zone/ | title = BIOSHOCK DIRECTOR KEN LEVINE'S NEXT STOP: A TWILIGHT ZONE GAME-FILM HYBRID | first = Chris | last = Kohler | magazine = [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | date = April 18, 2016 | access-date = April 18, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = http://www.thewrap.com/twilight-zone-is-getting-an-interactive-reboot-exclusive/ | title = 'Twilight Zone' Interactive Reboot in the Works (Exclusive) | work = [[The Wrap]] | first = Joan | last = Solsman | date = April 18, 2016 | access-date = April 18, 2016 }}</ref> However as of January 2022, nothing has come to fruition. In 2017, Levine described the project as "in flux".<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://www.ign.com/articles/2017/03/30/ken-levines-interactive-twilight-zone-movie-might-not-happen | title = Ken Levine's Interactive Twilight Zone Movie Might Not Happen | work = [[IGN]] | first = Jordan | last = Sirani | date = March 30, 2017 | access-date = January 10, 2022 }}</ref>

== Notable works ==

Levine is most notable for his conceptualization and work on the [[BioShock (series)|''BioShock'' franchise]]. He and his team worked on ''[[BioShock]]'' and ''[[BioShock Infinite]]'', passing on the opportunity to make ''[[BioShock 2]]''.

''BioShock'' is set in 1960, where the player controls a man named [[Jack (Bioshock character)|Jack]] who is the sole survivor of a plane crash near a mysterious lighthouse in the mid-Atlantic. Jack finds a [[bathysphere]] and takes the submersible down to an underwater city called [[Rapture (BioShock)|Rapture]], a city that was dedicated to the pursuit of a perfect free market economy. The city has fallen into ruin due to the city's social implosion and Jack must find a way to survive against the crazed inhabitants and escape.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bioshock (2007) (VG)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1094581/synopsis|publisher=IMDB|access-date=December 2, 2013}}</ref>

''BioShock Infinite'' is set in 1912, where main protagonist [[Booker DeWitt]] must travel to [[Columbia (BioShock Infinite)|Columbia]], a flying city that has no fixed location, and rescue a girl named [[Elizabeth (BioShock)|Elizabeth]] and bring her back to New York. No motivation is given as to why Booker must do this except the cryptic words "Bring us the girl, and wipe away the debt." Booker arrives at Columbia to find an [[American exceptionalism|American-Exceptionalist]] city dedicated to hailing the [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Fathers]] that is led by a religious [[zealot]] known as Father Comstock.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bioshock Infinite |url=https://www.2kgamesinternational.com/sea/game/bioshock-infinite |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111133919/https://www.2kgamesinternational.com/sea/game/bioshock-infinite |archive-date=November 11, 2013 |access-date=December 2, 2013 |publisher=2K Games}}</ref>
== Style and themes ==
Levine is known for creating narrative-driven games that explore sociological and philosophical themes. He selects dynamic art styles for use in his games, such as art deco, [[steampunk]] and [[frontierism]].

Levine has explored concepts ranging from racial commentary to metaphysics with his games and emphasizes the storytelling aspect of gaming. He has cited ''[[Mad Men]]'', the [[Coen brothers]], and [[Stanley Kubrick]] as some of his influences.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cook|first=Dave|title=Ken Levine writing new game, cites Mad Men, Coen Brothers as influence|date=May 13, 2013|url=http://www.vg247.com/2013/05/13/ken-levine-writing-new-game-cites-mad-men-coen-brothers-as-influence/|publisher=VG24/7|access-date=December 2, 2013}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
While Levine considers himself [[Jewish culture|culturally]] [[Jewish]], he does not follow [[Judaism]],<ref>{{cite web | url = https://kotaku.com/bioshocks-jewish-roots-run-deep-1827482206 | title = BioShock's Jewish Roots Run Deep | first = Cody | last = Mello-Klein | date = July 10, 2018 | access-date = July 10, 2018 | work = [[Kotaku]] }}</ref> and considers himself an [[Jewish atheism|atheist]].<ref name="youtube">{{cite web|last=VanOrd|first=Kevin|title="We Can Kill The Industry With Cynicism" – Ken Levine|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwsjALh2vYA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/JwsjALh2vYA |archive-date=December 13, 2021 |url-status=live|work=Gamespot|date=March 20, 2013 |access-date=March 20, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="metro">{{cite web|title=Is controversy the main selling point of ''BioShock: Infinite''?|first=David|last=Jenkins|url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/03/22/sold-on-the-bioshock-factor-3554071/|access-date=June 3, 2013|work=Metro|date=March 22, 2013}}</ref>

== List of works ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Credited with
! scope="col" | Publisher
|- style="text-align:center;background:#ddd;"
|colspan="4"|'''[[Looking Glass Studios]]'''
|-
| ''[[Thief: The Dark Project]]'' || 1998 || Initial design and story concepts || [[Eidos Interactive]]
|- style="text-align:center;background:#ddd;"
|colspan="4"|'''[[Irrational Games]]'''
|-
| ''[[System Shock 2]]'' || 1999 || Lead design, writing dialogue, story, voiceovers || [[Electronic Arts]]
|-
| ''[[Freedom Force (2002 video game)|Freedom Force]]'' || 2002 || ''Freedom Force'' team, voices || Electronic Arts, [[Crave Entertainment]]
|-
| ''[[Tribes: Vengeance]]'' || 2004 || Writer || [[Vivendi Games]]
|-
| ''[[Freedom Force vs the 3rd Reich]]'' || 2005 || Writer || Electronic Arts, [[2K Games]]
|-
| ''[[SWAT 4]]'' || 2005 || Executive producer || Vivendi Games, [[Sierra Entertainment]]
|-
| ''[[BioShock]]'' || 2007 || Story, writing, creative direction || 2K Games, [[Feral Interactive]]
|-
| ''[[BioShock Infinite]]'' || 2013 || Lead writer, creative director || 2K Games, [[Aspyr]]
|-
| ''[[BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea]]'' || 2013/2014 || Lead writer, creative director || 2K Games, Aspyr
|- style="text-align:center;background:#ddd;"
|colspan="4"|'''[[Ghost Story Games]]'''
|-
| ''[[Judas (video game)|Judas]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 9, 2022 |title=BioShock creator Ken Levine's latest game is Judas |first=Chris |last=Scullion |url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/bioshock-creator-ken-levines-latest-game-is-judas/ |access-date=December 9, 2022 |website=VGC |language=en-GB}}</ref>|| TBA || TBA || TBA
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{cc}}
*{{Twitter}}
*{{moby developer|6832|Ken Levine}}
*{{IMDb name|1686028|Ken Levine}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071008013318/http://uk.gamespot.com/news/6179423.html Ken Levine on the success of ''BioShock'']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090718212334/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/4082/ken_levine_on_studio_culture_from_.php Gamasutra Interview: Ken Levine on Studio Culture]

{{Ken Levine}}
{{BioShock}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levine, Ken}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
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[[Category:20th-century American writers]]
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[[Category:20th-century American Jews]]
[[Category:American atheists]]
[[Category:American video game designers]]
[[Category:BioShock (series)]]
[[Category:Irrational Games]]
[[Category:Northern Highlands Regional High School alumni]]
[[Category:People from Flushing, Queens]]
[[Category:People from Upper Saddle River, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Vassar College alumni]]
[[Category:American video game directors]]
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[[Category:American video game writers]]
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