Editing Keystone Lake

{{about|the reservoir in Oklahoma|the lake in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania|Keystone Lake (Armstrong County, Pennsylvania)|the lake in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania|Keystone State Park (Pennsylvania)#Lake}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Keystone Lake
| image = Keystone Lake aerial map.jpg
| caption = 
| image_bathymetry = 
| caption_bathymetry = 
| location = [[Pawnee County, Oklahoma|Pawnee]] / [[Osage County, Oklahoma|Osage]] / [[Creek County, Oklahoma|Creek]] / [[Tulsa County, Oklahoma|Tulsa]] counties, [[Oklahoma]]
| coords = {{coord|36.2306|-96.3050|format=dms|type:waterbody_region:US-OK|display=inline,title}}
| type = 
| inflow = [[Arkansas River]]
| outflow = Arkansas River
| catchment = 
| basin_countries = [[United States]]
| length = 
| width = 
| area = {{convert|23,600|acre|abbr=out}}
| depth = {{convert|24|ft|abbr=out}} (average)<ref name = "lakelubbers">[http://www.lakelubbers.com/keystone-lake-664/ "Keystone Lake, Oklahoma" Lakelubbers.com] Accessed October 22, 2016</ref>
| max-depth = {{convert|73|ft|abbr=out}}<ref name = "lakelubbers"/>
| volume = {{convert|505,381|acre.ft|abbr=out}} (normal)<ref name = "lakelubbers"/>
| residence_time = 
| shore = {{convert|330|mi|abbr=out}}<ref name = "lakelubbers"/>
| elevation = {{convert|723|ft|abbr=out}} (normal), {{convert|706|ft|abbr=out}} (min.), {{convert|754|ft|abbr=out}} (max.)<ref name = "lakelubbers"/>
| islands = 
| cities = Mannford, Sand Springs and Tulsa, Oklahoma
<!--      Map      -->
| pushpin_map             = Oklahoma#USA
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = Location of Keystone Lake in Oklahoma, USA.
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
<!--   Below       -->  
| website            = 
| reference            =
}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Keystone Dam & Reservoir
| name_official = 
| image = 
| image_size = 
| image_caption = 
| image_alt = 
| location_map = 
| location_map_size = 
| location_map_caption = 
| location_map_alt = 
| coordinates = 
| country = United States
| location = Oklahoma  [[Pawnee County, Oklahoma|Pawnee]] / [[Osage County, Oklahoma|Osage]] / [[Creek County, Oklahoma|Creek]] / [[Tulsa County, Oklahoma|Tulsa]] counties, [[Oklahoma]]
| purpose = Flood control, hydroelectric power generation, wildlife management and recreation
| status = Operational
| construction_began = 1957
| opening = 1968
| demolished = 
| cost = 
| owner = 
| operator = 
| dam_type = 
| dam_crosses = Arkansas River
| dam_height_foundation = 
| dam_height_thalweg = 
| dam_length = 4,600 feet
| dam_elevation_crest = 766 feet (max)
| dam_width_crest = 
| dam_width_base = 
| dam_volume = 
| spillway_count = 1
| spillway_type = Gated ogee weir
| spillway_capacity = 939,000 cfs max.
| res_name = 
| res_capacity_total = 
| res_capacity_active = 
| res_capacity_inactive = 
| res_catchment = 
| res_surface = 23,600 sq. ft.
| res_max_length = 
| res_max_width = 
| res_max_depth = 
| res_elevation = 
| res_tidal_range = 
| plant_name = 
| plant_coordinates = 
| plant_operator = 
| plant_commission = 
| plant_decommission = 
| plant_type = 
| plant_hydraulic_head = 
| plant_turbines = Hydraulic (2)
| plant_capacity = 35,000 KW each
| plant_capacity_factor = 
| plant_annual_gen = 
| website = 
| extra = 
}}

'''Keystone Lake''' is a [[reservoir]] in northeastern [[Oklahoma]] on the [[Arkansas River|Arkansas]] and [[Cimarron River (Arkansas River)|Cimarron]] rivers. It is located upstream about {{convert|23|mi|km}} from [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelok.com/listings/view.profile/id.4160 |title=Keystone Lake |website=www.travelok.com |access-date=2010-06-25}}</ref> It was created in 1968 when the '''Keystone Dam''' was completed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://keystone.oktowns.com/lake_info.htm |title=Keystone Lake Info |accessdate=2008-09-28 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528050033/http://keystone.oktowns.com/lake_info.htm |archivedate=2008-05-28 }}</ref> The primary purposes are: flood control, hydroelectric power generation, wildlife management and recreation.<ref name="KeystoneOK">[http://www.keystoneok.com/lake_info.htm "Keystone Lake Info." Retrieved April 22, 2012]</ref>

==General description==
Keystone Lake is about {{convert|23600|acre|km2}} in area, and was designed to contain {{convert| 505381|acre.ft|m3}} of water.<ref name = "lakelubbers">[http://www.lakelubbers.com/keystone-lake-664/ "Keystone Lake, Oklahoma" Lakelubbers.com] Accessed October 22, 2016</ref> It was named for the community of Keystone, which existed on the site from 1900 until 1962, when it was inundated by the waters of the lake.{{efn|The community had been given its name early in the 20th Century because it was in a key location at the confluence of the Cimarron and Arkansas Rivers.<ref name = "KeystoneOK"/>}} Construction of the lake forced the relocation of three other towns: [[Mannford, Oklahoma]] (also known as New Mannford by locals), [[Prue, Oklahoma|Prue]] (also known as New Prue), and Appalachia Bay, Oklahoma. The town of [[Osage, Oklahoma|Osage]] was partially abandoned to the lake, while the rest clings to the south shore. Engineers built a levee around low-lying areas of the south and east sides of [[Cleveland, Oklahoma]] to prevent flooding of that city.<ref name="KeystoneOK"/> The shoreline extends for {{convert|330|mi|km}}.<ref name = "KeystoneOK"/>

Two Oklahoma state parks, [[Keystone State Park (Oklahoma)|Keystone State Park]] and [[Walnut Creek State Park]], are located along the shores of the lake offering camping, hiking and biking trails, fishing, swimming and boating opportunities. The area also features a Yogi Bear's Jellystone Park Camp-Resort as you cross the Keystone Dam near Sand Springs.

The Keystone Lake project was authorized by the [[Flood Control Act of 1950]]. It was designed and built by the Tulsa District, Army Corps of Engineers. Construction began in January 1957 and was complete for flood control purposes in September 1964. Commercial operation of the power generating facility began in May 1968.<ref name = "KeystoneOK"/>

A reregulating dam, located {{convert|7.8| miles|km}} downstream of the main dam, was also completed in 1968. Cost of the total project was approximately $123 million. In 1986, the reregulating dam was removed due to public safety issues, as 16 people had drowned at the dam.<ref name = "KeystoneOK"/>

==Dam construction details==
The dam was actually constructed across the Arkansas River, downstream of the confluence with the Cimarron River. It is built of rolled earthfill material. Maximum height of the dam is {{convert|121|ft|m}} above the stream bed. The total length of the dam is {{convert|4,600|ft|m}}, including a {{convert|1,600|ft|m}}-long concrete section. The spillway in the concrete section is {{convert|856|ft|m}} wide. The non-overflow part of the concrete section includes a power intake structure. [[State Highway 151 (Oklahoma)|State Highway 151]] crosses the dam, connecting [[State Highway 51 (Oklahoma)|State Highway 51]] on the south with [[U.S. Route 64 in Oklahoma|U.S. Highway 64]] on the north.<ref name = "KeystoneOK"/>

The spillway is a gated ogee weir, {{convert|720|ft|m}} wide with eighteen tainter gates, each {{convert|40|by|35|ft|m}}. Spillway capacity at the maximum pool level (elevation {{convert|766.0|ft|m}}) is {{convert |939,000|cuft/s|m3/s}}. Capacity at the top of the flood control pool level (elevation {{convert|754.0|ft|m}}) is {{convert|565000|cuft/s|m3/s}}. The spillway also has nine sluices, each {{convert |5.67|by|10|ft|m}}.<ref name = "KeystoneOK"/>

The power intake structure is between the spillway and the left non-overflow section of the dam. It includes two penstocks, each {{convert|27|ft|m}} diameter and controlled by two {{convert|14|by|30|ft|m}} gates. The power generation facility includes two hydroelectric generators, each rated at {{convert|35,000|kW|abbr=on}}.<ref name="KeystoneOK"/>

==Largest release in service==
In September and October 1986, Keystone Lake was filled to capacity when the remnants of [[Hurricane Paine (1986)|Hurricane Paine]] entered Oklahoma and dropped nearly {{convert|22| inch|m}} of water into the Cimarron and Arkansas rivers northwest of the lake, requiring the Corps of Engineers to release water downstream at a rate of  {{convert |310,000|cuft/s|m3/s}}, which made downstream flooding inevitable. As a result, a private levee in West Tulsa failed, causing more than $1.3 million in damages.<ref>[http://www.smartcommunities.ncat.org/articles/rooftop/history.shtml "Setting and History: Learning the Hard Way." Accessed August 23, 2012] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405101805/http://www.smartcommunities.ncat.org/articles/rooftop/history.shtml |date=April 5, 2012 }}</ref>

==Recreation==
[[File:Keystone State Park, OK (3824744372).jpg|thumb|alt=text|View of Keystone Lake]]

According to the Corps of Engineers website, Keystone Lake has 16 recreational areas (including 3  alcohol-free beaches), 11 boat ramps, 4 marinas and 2 off-road vehicle areas. There are also campgrounds, a waterfowl refuge and a public hunting area. [[Keystone State Park (Oklahoma)|Keystone State Park]] nearby offers cabins. Fishing is popular, with the most plentiful species being striped bass, white bass, black bass, small mouth bass, crappie, and catfish.<ref name="COE-Keystone">U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Tulsa District. "Keystone Lake." Accessed April 23, 2012.[https://web.archive.org/web/20031203191754/http://www.swt.usace.army.mil/recreat/OPSField.CFM?tblOPSField__LakeName=Keystone%20Lake]</ref> Fauna around the lake include: white-tailed deer, raccoon, bobcat, coyote, beaver, squirrel, cottontail rabbit,  quail, dove, ducks and geese. Hunting and fishing licenses are regulated by Oklahoma and Federal laws.<ref name="KeystoneOK"/>

Windycrest Sailing Club offers sailboat racing and cruising.

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.travelok.com/listings/view.profile/id.4160 Keystone Lake information, photos and videos on TravelOK.com] Official travel and tourism website for the State of Oklahoma
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121024013411/http://www.library.okstate.edu/okmaps/ Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Protected areas of Creek County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Osage County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Pawnee County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Reservoirs in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Tulsa County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Infrastructure completed in 1968]]
[[Category:Bodies of water of Tulsa County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Bodies of water of Creek County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Bodies of water of Osage County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Bodies of water of Pawnee County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:1968 establishments in Oklahoma]]