Editing Khartoum State

{{short description|State of Sudan}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Khartoum State
| native_name        = {{lang|ar|ولاية الخرطوم}}
| other_name         = ''Wilāyat al-Kharṭūm''
| nickname           = 
| motto              = 
| settlement_type    = [[States of Sudan|State]]
| image_skyline      = Hartum ve Mavi Nil.jpg
| imagesize          = 300px
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = Flag of Khartoum Wilayah.png
| image_seal         = Emblem of Khartoum.jpg
| image_shield       = 
| image_map          = Khartoum in Sudan (Kafia Kingi disputed).svg
| mapsize            = 299px
| map_caption        = Location in Sudan.
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Sudan}}
| subdivision_type1  = Region
| subdivision_name1  = [[Butana]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Counties of Sudan|No. of counties]]:
| subdivision_name2  = 
| seat_type          = Capital
| seat               = [[Khartoum]]
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = Governor
| leader_name        = [[Ahmed Bilal Osman|Ahmed Osman]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Sudan's capital treated thousands wounded in war - health official |url=https://sudantribune.com/article293442/ |website=Sudan Tribune |date=17 November 2024}}</ref>
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 22142
| population_as_of   = 2018 est.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cbs.gov.sd/files/Pop._Proj._by_satates137.pdf|title= Pop. Proj. by satates |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170312172126/http://cbs.gov.sd/files/Pop._Proj._by_satates137.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2017|access-date=20 November 2019|publisher= Government of Sudan}}</ref>
| population_note    = Central Bureau of Statistics Sudan (web)
| population_total   = 7993900
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone           = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]]
| utc_offset         = +2
| coordinates        = {{coord|15|47|N|32|43|E|region:SD|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_ft       = 
| postal_code_type   = [[ISO 3166-2:SD|ISO 3166-2]]
| postal_code        = SD-KH
| area_code          = 
| blank_name_sec2    = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2017)
| blank_info_sec2    = 0.625<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=Hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#fc0|medium}} · [[List of Sudanese states by Human Development Index|1st]]
| website            = {{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20230424161029/http://krt.gov.sd/portal/|http://krt.gov.sd}} {{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20220112051112/http://khartoum.gov.sd/|http://khartoum.gov.sd/}}
| footnotes          = 
| official_name      = 
}}
'''Khartoum State''' ({{langx|ar|ولاية الخرطوم|Wilāyat al-Kharṭūm}}) is one of the eighteen [[states of Sudan]]. Although it is the smallest state by area (22,142&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), it is the most populous state in Sudan—5,274,321 in the 2008 census,<ref name=Geohive_Sudan>{{cite web|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/sudan.aspx |title=Sudan |website=Geohive.com |date=2008 |access-date=28 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806113147/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/sudan.aspx |archive-date=2014-08-06 }}</ref><ref name=2008_census /> and officially estimated at 7,993,900 in 2018. It contains the ''Triangular capital'' consisting of the [[Capital city|capital]] and largest city by population, [[Khartoum]], as well as the cities of [[Khartoum North]] and [[Omdurman]]. Khartoum city is the capital of both Khartoum State and [[Sudan]].

The three cities are located in the heart of Sudan at the confluence of the [[White Nile]] and the [[Blue Nile]], where the two rivers unite to form the [[Nile|River Nile]]. The confluence of the two rivers creates a unique effect. As they join, each river retains its own color: the White Nile with its bright whiteness and the Blue Nile with its alluvial brown color. These colors are more visible in the flood season.

The state lies between longitudes 31.5 to 34°E and latitudes 15 to 16°N. It is surrounded by [[River Nile State]] in the north-east, in the north-west by the [[Northern (state)|Northern State]], in the east and southeast by the states of [[Kassala (state)|Kassala]], [[Al Qadarif (state)|Qadarif]], [[Gezira (state)|Gezira]] and [[White Nile (state)|White Nile State]], and in the west by [[North Kurdufan]].

==Etymology==
There are several etymologies for the name of Khartoum. The explanation suggested as "most correct" by the state government's website<ref name=Khartoum_govt_history>{{cite web|url=http://www.krt.gov.sd/abouten.php |date=2011 |publisher=Khartoum State Information Center |title=Historical background |access-date=1 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326182430/http://krt.gov.sd/abouten.php |archive-date=2014-03-26 }}</ref> is that it comes from the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] for "elephant's trunk", which describes the shape of the site of the city at the confluence of the two Niles, where a stretch of land extends into the water. Other stories are that it is a corruption of "gurtoum", the name for seeds of the [[sunflower]] plant, supposedly used by Roman invaders at the current site of Khartoum to treat soldiers' wounds, or that it was derived from the words "Khor al-Tom".<ref name=Khartoum_govt_history />

==Climate==
The northern region of the state is mostly desert because it receives barely any rainfall, whereas the other regions have semi-desert climates. The weather is rainy in the fall, and cold and dry in the winter. Average rainfall reaches {{cvt|100|–|200|mm|0}} in the north-eastern areas and {{cvt|200|–|300|mm|0}} in the northwestern areas.

The temperature in summer ranges from {{cvt|25|to(-)|40|°C}} from April to June, and from {{cvt|20|to(-)|35|°C}} in the months of July to October. In winter, the temperature declines gradually from {{cvt|25|C}} to {{cvt|15|°C}} between November and March.

==Localities==
Khartoum has Seven Localities:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khartoum Localities |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Localities-of-Khartoum-state-Republic-of-the-Sudan-1-Khartoum-2-Ombada-3-Omdurman_fig1_26293040 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424161028/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Localities-of-Khartoum-state-Republic-of-the-Sudan-1-Khartoum-2-Ombada-3-Omdurman_fig1_26293040 |archive-date=Apr 24, 2023}}</ref> 
*[[Khartoum]] (Capital)
*[[Omdurman]]
*[[Khartoum North]]
*{{ill|Sharq an-Nīl|ar|شرق النيل}}
*[[Jabal Awliya]]
*[[Ombadda|Om Badda]]
*[[Karari, Sudan|Karari]]

==Districts==
{{See also|Districts of Sudan}}
[[Image:Al Chartum district map overview.svg|thumb|150px|Districts of Khartoum]]
# [[Khartoum District]]
# [[Um Badda District]]
# [[Omdurman District]]
# [[Karary District]]
# [[Khartoum Bahri District]]
# [[Sharg En Nile District]]
# [[South Khartoum District]]

{{clear}}

==Population and economy==
The 2008 population census estimated the population of Khartoum State to be about 5,274,321 capita, composed of various tribes of the Sudan. The population was officially estimated to have risen to 7,993,900 in 2018.<ref>Central Bureau of Statistics Sudan (web)</ref> The population in 2008 was 79% urban,<ref name=CBS_table_2008>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.sd/en/download.php?id=53&file=Khartoum_0.xls&count=28|title=Census 2008 results - Khartoum state|publisher=Sudan Central Bureau of Statistics|date=2008|access-date=28 August 2014}}</ref> and 74% of the state's population reported their region of origin to be outside Khartoum.<ref name=2008_census>{{cite web|url=http://southsudaninfo.net/wp-content/uploads/reference_library/reports/5th_sudan_census26_april_2009.pdf |date=26 April 2009 |title=5th Sudan population and housing census - 2008 - Priority results |publisher=Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=28 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520025735/http://southsudaninfo.net/wp-content/uploads/reference_library/reports/5th_sudan_census26_april_2009.pdf |archive-date=20 May 2013 }}</ref>

The areas of [[Omdurman]] and the rural South are inhabited by the tribe of Gamowia, as well as by the Kordofani tribes displaced to these areas by the drought and [[desertification]] that hit their areas in the early- and mid-1980s. These are the tribes of the Kababish and the Kawahla. In the northern countryside of Karari locality are the tribe of Shiheinat, and in Khartoum North the tribes of Abdallab and Batahin. In the East Nile are the tribes of Abu Dileig, Batahin, and Kawahla, with the tribe of Iseilat in Um-Dowan.<ref name=Khartoum_govt_history /><ref name=Police_briefing>{{cite web|url=http://ksp.gov.sd/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=2|title=A brief on Khartoum State|publisher=Khartoum State Police|date=8 March 2011|access-date=28 August 2014}}</ref>

Most of the population works in government service, the private sector, and banking. There is also a large number of merchants, and migrants and displaced people working in marginal activities. In the countryside most people are engaged in agriculture and grazing and thus supply the capital, Khartoum, with vegetables, fruits, and dairy products. There are also some residents living on the banks of the rivers engaged in the trades dependent on the rivers, such as pottery, brick-making and fishing. Above all stands the strong ambition to become the new [[Dubai]] with the financial support coming from the oil and gas supplies of the country.<ref name=Khartoum_govt_history /><ref name=Police_briefing />
The State of Khartoum is now the largest center in Sudan for the manufacturing sector with more than 7500 different factories and more than ten industrial areas providing all types of goods such as food processing and electronics and household appliances as well as medicines and textiles as well as footwear and tanneries and chemicals. Within the next year five Chinese car manufacturers will start operations to make Khartoum a hub for vehicle manufacturing in Africa.

==Museums and archeological sites==
Khartoum state contains archaeological sites dating back to different periods of civilization, both prehistoric and historical. Its museums include the largest in Sudan, the [[National Museum of Sudan]], and a number of specialized museums, such as the [[Khalifa House Museum]] and the Museums of Natural History, Folklore and the Popular Heritage. There are also a center for study of folklore under the National Authority for the Arts, and the Omdurman Museum of Ibrahim Hijazi.

== List of Governors Khartoum ==
c.1837                    * Khartoum a province of Egyptian Sudan.

Governors
c.1837 - 1861              ....
*1861 - 1863                Muhammad Rasikh Bey              (b. c.1834 - d. 1883)
*1863 - 1877                ....
1877                       Mustafa Bey Murad
*1877                       Muhammad Ma'ani Bey        Governors      (d. 1881)
*1877 - 1878                `Uthman Rifiq Pasha              (b. 1839 - d. 1886)
*1878                       Busati Bey Madani                (b. 1850 - d. 1883)

*Feb 1991 - Feb 1994        Mohammed Saeed
*Feb 1994 - Dec 1997        Badr al-Din Taha
*Dec 1997 - Feb 2001        Majdhub al-Khalifa
*Feb 2001 -  8 May 2009     Abd al-Halim Ismail al-Muta'afi
*8 May 2009 - Jun 2015     Abdul-Rahman Al-Khidir
*Jun 2015 - 22 Feb 2019     Abdul-Rahim Mohamed Hussein
*24 Feb 2019 - 16 Apr 2019  Hashim Osman al-Hussein
*16 Apr 2019 - 18 Jun 2019  Murtadha Abdalla Warraq
*18 Jun 2019 - 16 Apr 2020  Ahmed Abdoun Hammad
*16 Apr 2020 - 2020         Youssef Adam Aldai (acting)
*27 Jul 2020 - 2022         Ayman Khaled Nimer
*2022 - 2022         Javed Khan King 
*1 Mar 2022 -              Ahmed Osman Hamza

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{States of Sudan}}
{{Sudan topics}}

[[Category:Khartoum State| ]]
[[Category:States of Sudan]]
[[Category:Khartoum|State]]