Editing King Arthur's Round Table

{{Short description|Neolithic henge monument}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{about|the Neolithic henge|the legendary table|Round Table}}

{{Infobox ancient site
  |name = King Arthur's Round Table
  |native_name = 
  |alternate_name =
  |image = Arthur's Round Table 3.JPG
  |alt = 
  |caption = King Arthur's Round Table
  |map_type       = United Kingdom Eden#Cumbria
  |map_caption    = Location in [[Eden District|Eden]], Cumbria##Location in [[Cumbria]], England
  |map_dot_label  = King Arthur's Round Table
  |relief         = 
  |map_alt =
  |map_size =
  |location = [[Eamont Bridge]]<br />{{gbmapping|NY523284}}
  |region =
  |coordinates = {{coord|54.6483|-2.7403|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
  |type = [[Henge]]
  |part_of =
  |length =
  |width =
  |area =
  |height =
  |builder =
  |material =
  |built = 
  |abandoned = 
  |epochs = [[Neolithic]] / [[Bronze Age]]
  |cultures = 
  |dependency_of =
  |occupants =
  |event =
  |excavations =
  |archaeologists =
  |condition = 
  |ownership = [[English Heritage]]
  |public_access = Yes
  |website =
  |notes =
}}
'''King Arthur's Round Table''' is a [[Neolithic]] [[henge]] in the village of [[Eamont Bridge]] in the English county of [[Cumbria]], around {{convert|2|km|mi|0}} south east of [[Penrith, Cumbria|Penrith]]. It is 400 metres from [[Mayburgh Henge]]. The site is free to visitors and is under the control of [[English Heritage]].

==Description==
King Arthur's Round Table is a henge situated in a field next to the [[A6 road (England)|A6 road]] in the village of [[Eamont Bridge]], south of [[Penrith, Cumbria]]. The northern part of the henge is now covered by the B5320 road and the Crown Hotel, while the A6 road has encroached on the eastern part. The larger [[Mayburgh Henge]] is just 400 metres to the west, and the fragments of the Little Round Table henge are 200 metres to the south. This indicates the presence of a henge complex and possible [[ritual landscape]] similar to those at [[Thornborough Henge|Thornborough]] or [[Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites|Salisbury Plain]].

The henge is around 90 metres in diameter. The enclosed area is about 50 metres across; the ditch has a maximum width of 16 metres; the [[berm]] 7 metres; and the bank 13 metres.<ref name="pastscape1">{{PastScape|mnumber=11978 |mname=KING ARTHURS ROUND TABLE|accessdate= 25 November 2013}}</ref> There appears to have been two original entrances, but only the south-east entrance survives as the northwest entrance has been mostly destroyed by the modern road.<ref name="pastscape1"/> Parts of the henge were landscaped in the late 18th to early 19th century, apparently with an intent to use the site as a tea garden.<ref name="pastscape1"/> The site is in the care of [[English Heritage]] and open to the public.

==Archaeology==
[[File:Mayburgh-1769.png|thumb|left|Mayburgh and King Arthur's Round Tables, 1769]]
Around 1664 [[William Dugdale]] sketched the remains, showing the two opposing entrances, and also showing that there were two [[standing stone]]s, one each side of the northwest entrance.<ref name="pastscape1"/> These stones had disappeared when [[William Stukeley]] saw the monument in 1725.<ref name="pastscape1"/> In 1891, C. W. Dymond produced a comprehensive record of the remains.<ref name="pastscape1"/><ref>Bersu, G. (1940). King Arthur's Round Table. Final report, including the excavations of 1939, with an appendix on the Little Round Table. ''Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, 40, 169–206''. {{doi|10.5284/1062976}}</ref>

Excavations were undertaken in 1937 by [[R. G. Collingwood]] and continued in 1939 by [[Gerhard Bersu]].<ref name="pastscape1"/> The excavations showed that the ditch had been cleared out and reshaped and the entrance through it made narrower in modern times. Collingwood claimed to have identified a number of structures, represented by [[posthole]]s, and identified a "cremation trench" near the centre of the site. Bersu, however, contradicted most of Collingwood's findings, arguing that the posthole features were not of archaeological significance, and he found no evidence of cremation burning, although he accepted that there might be a disturbed grave.<ref name="pastscape1"/> However [[Grace Simpson]] (1998), the daughter of the excavator [[Frank Gerald Simpson|F.G. Simpson]], and Stephen Leach (2019) have queried Bersu's work and largely rehabilitated Collingwood as an excavator.<ref>Simpson, G (1998). ‘Collingwood's latest archaeology misinterpreted by Bersu and Richmond’, ''Collingwood Studies'', V, 109–19</ref><ref>Leach, S. (2019). King Arthur's Round Table Revisited: A Review Of Two Rival Interpretations Of A Henge Monument Near Penrith, In Cumbria. ''The Antiquaries Journal'', 99, 417–434. doi:10.1017/S0003581519000039</ref>

In 1988 a geophysical survey was conducted to examine the north segment and the southeast entrance, but the results were directly affected by the 18th–19th century landscaping.<ref name="pastscape1"/>

==Little Round Table==
Little Round Table henge is 200 metres to the south of King Arthur's Round Table. It is mostly destroyed by buildings, tracks and roads.<ref name="pastscape2">{{PastScape|mnumber=11981 |mname=LITTLE ROUND TABLE|accessdate= 25 November 2013}}</ref> There is a barely discernible bank on the northern side 30 metres in length, up to 5 metres wide, but only 15 centimetres high.<ref name="pastscape2"/> There are some fragmentary traces of a low earthen bank with some stone visible along the south side. These remains suggest that the site was originally about 90 metres in diameter. This corresponds to the sketch William Stukeley made in 1725 showing a roughly circular enclosure circa 90 metres in diameter with a bank with outer ditch.<ref name="pastscape2"/>

==See also==
*[[Arthur's Stone, Herefordshire]]
==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|King Arthur's Round Table, Cumbria}}
* [https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/king-arthurs-round-table/ King Arthur's Round Table  information at English Heritage]

{{English heritage cumbria}}

[[Category:English Heritage sites in Cumbria]]
[[Category:History of Cumbria]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Cumbria]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Cumbria]]
[[Category:Henges in England]]
[[Category:Locations associated with Arthurian legend]]
[[Category:Bronze Age sites in Cumbria]]
[[Category:Westmorland and Furness]]