Editing Koryak language

{{Short description|Chukotko-Kamchatkan language of Kamchatka, Russia}}{{more footnotes|date=May 2010}}
{{Expand language|topic=|langcode=ru|otherarticle=Корякский язык|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Koryak
| nativename       = {{lang|kpy|чавʼчывэн}}; {{lang|kpy|чавʼчываелыел}}
| states           = [[Russia]]
| region           = [[Koryak Okrug]]
| ethnicity        = 7,485 [[Koryaks]]
| speakers         = 1665, 21% of ethnic population
| date             = 2010 census
| ref              = <ref name="GYS">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-05.pdf |title=Population of the Russian Federation by Languages (in Russian) |date=2010 |website=Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal Bureau of Government Statistics, in Russian) |access-date=14 October 2019}}</ref>
| familycolor      = Paleosiberian
| fam1             = [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages|Chukotko-Kamchatkan]]
| fam2             = [[Chukotkan languages|Chukotkan]]
| dia1             = Chavchuven Koryak
| iso3             = kpy
| glotto           = kory1246
| glottorefname    = Koryak
| image            = Koriak_language.svg
| imagecaption     = Koryak language in Koryak with transliteration
| map              = Chukotko-Kamchatkan map.svg
| mapcaption       = Pre-contact distribution of Koryak (purple) and other [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages]]
| map2             = Lang Status 40-SE.svg
| mapcaption2      = {{center|{{small|Koryak is classified as Severely Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''}}}}
}}

'''Koryak''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɔːr|i|æ|k}} {{respell|KOR|ee|ak}}), also known as '''Nymylan''', '''Korjakische''', '''Chavchuven''' and '''Koræiki''',<ref>{{cite web |title=Koryak |url=http://multitree.org/codes/kpy.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418164800/http://multitree.org/codes/kpy.html |archive-date=18 April 2015 |access-date=5 November 2024 |publisher=[[Linguist List|LINGUIST List]]}}</ref> is a [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages|Chukotko-Kamchatkan]] language spoken by 1,665 people as of 2010<ref name="GYS" /> in the easternmost extremity of [[Siberia]], mainly in [[Koryak Okrug]].  It is mostly spoken by [[Koryaks]].  Its close relative, the [[Chukchi language]], is spoken by about three times that number. The language together with Chukchi, [[Alyutor language|Alyutor]] and [[Itelmen language|Itelmen]] forms the [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages|Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world|date=2009|publisher=Elsevier|others=Brown, E. K., Ogilvie, Sarah.|isbn=9780080877754|edition= 1st|location=Amsterdam, Netherlands|pages=239–241|oclc=318247422}}</ref> Its native name in Koryak is нымылан ''nymylan'', but variants of the Russian name "Koryak" are most commonly used in English and other languages. The Chukchi and Koryaks form a cultural unit with an economy based on [[reindeer herding]] and both have autonomy within the [[Russia|Russian Federation]].

== Phonology ==
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+ Koryak vowels
|-
! !! [[Front vowel|Front]] !! [[Central vowel|Central]] 
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
|{{IPA link|i}}|||
|{{IPA link|u}}
|-
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPA link|ɛ}}||{{IPA link|ə}}
|{{IPA link|o}}
|-
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|{{IPA link|a}}
|
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Koryak consonants
! colspan="2" |
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
![[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyngeal]]
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" |[[Stop consonant|Plosive]]
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t}}
|{{IPA link|c}}
|{{IPA link|k}}
|{{IPA link|q}}
|
|- align="center"
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
!<small>plain</small>
|{{IPA link|β}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|ɣ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ʕ}}
|- align="center"
!<small>dental</small>
|{{IPA link|v}}
|
|
|
|
|
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" |[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}
|
|
|
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}}
|{{IPA link|ɲ}}
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" |[[Liquid consonant|Liquid]]
|
|{{IPA link|l}}
|{{IPA link|ʎ}}
|
|
|
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|({{IPA link|w}})
|
|{{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|
|}
{{IPA|[w]}} may be an [[Phone (phonetics)|allophone]] of {{IPA|/β/}}.<ref>Zhukova, 1972</ref>

==Koryak alphabet==

{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Б б
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | В в
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Вʼ вʼ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Г г
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Гʼ гʼ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Д д
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Е е
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ё ё
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ж ж
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | З з
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | И и
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Й й
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | К к
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӄ ӄ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Л л
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | М м
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Н н
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ӈ ӈ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | О о
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | П п
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Р р
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | С с
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Т т
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | У у
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ф ф
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Х х
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ц ц
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ч ч
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ш ш
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Щ щ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ъ ъ
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ы ы
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ь ь 
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Э э
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Я я
| 
| 
| 
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|}}
* Bogoras, Waldemar, and Franz Boas. Koryak Texts. Leyden: E.J. Brill, 1917.
* Comrie, Bernard. ''Inverse Verb Forms in Siberia Evidence from Chukchee, Koryak and Kamchadal''. Amsterdam: Bibliotheek v.h. Inst. voor Algemene Taalwetenschap v.d. Univ. van Amsterdam], 1985.
*Zhukova, A. N., 1972. Grammatika Korjakskogo Jazyka: Fonetika, Morfologia. Moscow: Akademia Nauk SSSR. 327pp. (In kyrill. Schrift).
* Zhukova, A. N., and Tokusu Kurebito. ''Basic topical dictionary of the Koryak-Chukchi languages = Basovyĭ tematicheskiĭ slovarʹ kori︠a︡ksko-chukotskikh i︠a︡zykov''. Tokyo, Japan: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 2004.
* Campbell, George L. and Gareth King. "Compendium of the World's Languages". 2013.{{ISBN|4-87297-896-X|}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101125085748/http://lingsib.unesco.ru/en/languages/koryak.shtml.htm Endangered Languages of Siberia - The Koryak language]
*[http://www.philology.ru/linguistics4/zhukova-97.htm Жукова - Корякский язык]

{{Paleosiberian languages}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koryak Language}}
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Russia]]


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