Editing Kropyvnytskyi

{{Short description|City in Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine}}
{{redirect|Kirovograd}}
{{Expand Ukrainian|topic=geo|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}} 
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Kropyvnytskyi
| native_name        = {{lang|uk|Кропивницький}}
| settlement_type    = [[List of cities in Ukraine|City]]
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage|position=center
 | photo1a                     = P1480854 вул. Велика Перспективна (К. Маркса), 33.jpg
 | photo2a                     = Кропивницький вул. Велика Пермська, 2.jpg
 | photo2b                     = Колишній прибутковий будинок, Кропивницький P1480856 вул. В. Чміленка (Дзержинського), 84.jpg
 | photo3a                     = Кропивницький вул. Гоголя, 72.jpg
 | photo3b                     = Вул. Велика Перспективна Готель «Південний».jpg 
 | photo4a                     = Kirovograd Dvortsova 4 Zymoviy Teatr 01 (YDS 5365).jpg
  | size                       = 270
  | spacing                    = 2
  | color                      = #FFFFFF
  | border                     = 0
  }}
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = {{hlist|Clockwise from top: Former Bank|Former Revenue House|''Pivnichnyi'' Hotel|Winter Theater|Former Post and Telegram Office|Former Regional Court}}
| image_shield       = Coat of Arms of Kropyvnytskyi.svg
| image_flag         = Flag of Kirovograd.svg
| image_blank_emblem = 
| nickname           = Little Paris (used in historical context)
| motto              = With peace and goodness
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{Flagu|Ukraine}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Kirovohrad Oblast]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Kropyvnytskyi Raion]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Hromada]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Kropyvnytskyi urban hromada]]
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 1754
| established_title1 = City rights
| established_date1  = 1765, 1782
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Kropyvnytskyi|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = Vacant<ref name="raykovich-mer-n1471125">{{cite news |url=https://vybory.24tv.ua/andriy-raykovich-mer-kropivnitskogo-kirovogradshhina-biografiya_n1471125 |script-title=uk:Ковбасний магнат, який всім догодив: хто такий Андрій Райкович |trans-title=Sausage tycoon who pleased everyone: who is Andriy Raykovych |work=[[:uk:24 (телеканал)|24 Kanal]] |date=30 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |language=uk}}</ref>
| leader_party       = [[Proposition (party)|Proposition]]<ref name="raykovich-mer-n1471125"/>
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 103
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| population_as_of   = 2022
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 219676
| population_footnotes = 
| population_metro   = 233820
| population_density_km2 = auto
| pushpin_map        = Ukraine Kirovohrad Oblast#Ukraine
| pushpin_label      = Kropyvnytskyi
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Kropyvnytskyi
| pushpin_mapsize    = 280
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| coordinates        = {{coord|48|30|0|N|32|16|0|E|region:UA|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m        = 124
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 25000-490
| area_code          = +380 522
| blank_info         = 
| blank1_info        = [[Dobrich]]
| blank1_name        = [[Town twinning|Sister cities]] (Bulgaria)
| website            = {{URL|kr-rada.gov.ua}}
| footnotes          = 
| module             = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=11 |height=250 |stroke-width=2 | {{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
}}

'''Kropyvnytskyi''' ({{langx|uk|Кропивницький}}, {{IPA|uk|kropɪu̯ˈnɪtsʲkɪj|IPA|uk-Кропивницький.ogg}}) is a city in central [[Ukraine]], situated on the [[Inhul|Inhul River]]. It serves as the administrative center of [[Kirovohrad Oblast]]. Population: {{Ua-pop-est2022|219,676|.}}

Over its history, Kropyvnytskyi has changed its name several times. The settlement was known as '''Yelysavethrad'''{{efn|{{langx|uk|Єлисаветград}}, {{IPA|uk|jelɪsɑwɛtˈɦrɑd|IPA}}; {{langx|ru|Елисаветград|Yelisavetgrad}}.}} after Empress [[Elizabeth of Russia]] from 1752 to 1924, or simply '''Elysavet'''.<ref>Mikhail Levchenko. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cjcsAAAAYAAJ&dq=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0&pg=PA188 Hanshchyna (Ганьщина Україна)]''. Opyt russko-ukrainskago slovari︠a︡. Tip. Gubernskago upravlenii︠a︡, 1874.</ref> In 1924, as part of the [[Soviet Union]], it became known as '''Zinovievsk'''{{efn|{{langx|uk|Зінов'євськ}}, {{IPA|uk|zʲinɔu̯ˈjeu̯sʲk|IPA}}.}} after the revolutionary [[Grigory Zinoviev]], who was born there. Following the assassination of [[Sergei Kirov]] in 1934, the town was renamed '''Kirovo'''.{{efn|{{langx|uk|Кірово}}, {{IPA|uk|ˈkirowɔ|IPA}}.}}

Concurrently with the formation of [[Kirovohrad Oblast]] on 10 January 1939, and to distinguish it from [[Kirov Oblast]] in central Russia, Kirovo was renamed '''Kirovohrad'''.{{efn|{{langx|uk|Кіровоград}}, {{IPA|uk|kirowɔˈɦrɑd|IPA}}.}}<ref name="KcbK16QQ" /> As part of independent Ukraine, the name of the city was then changed to ''Kropyvnytskyi'' in 2016 due to [[Decommunization in Ukraine|decommunization laws]], in honour of [[Marko Kropyvnytskyi]], who was born near the city.<ref name="KcbK16QQ">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32267075 Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols], [[BBC News]] (14 April 2015)<br />{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2016/07/14/7114702/ Verkhovna Rada renamed Kirovograd], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (14 July 2016)</ref> However, Kirovohrad Oblast was not renamed because it is mentioned in the [[Constitution of Ukraine]] – only a [[constitutional amendment]] could change the name of the oblast.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ukraine/ Ukraine], [[The World Factbook]].
</ref>

==Names==

=== Yelisavetgrad ===
{{stack|[[File:Театральна площа міста Єлизаветграда поч ХХ ст.jpg|thumb|Theatre square in Yelisavetgrad]]}}
The name "Yelisavetgrad" (usually spelled '''Elisavetgrad''' or '''Elizabethgrad''' in English language publications) is believed to have evolved as the amalgamation of the fortress name and the common [[East Slavs|Eastern Slavonic]] element "[[Gord (Slavic settlement)|-grad]]" ([[Old East Slavic|Old]]/[[Old Church Slavonic|Church Slavonic]] "градъ", "a settlement encompassed by a wall"). Its first documented usage dates back to 1764, when Yelisavetgrad Province was organized together with the Yelisavetgrad [[Lancer]] Regiment.{{fact|date=April 2025}}

Presenting a letter of grant on 11 January 1752, to Major-General [[Jovan Horvat]], the organizer of [[New Serbia (historical province)|New Serbia]] settlements, Empress [[Elizabeth of Russia]] ordered "to found an earthen fortress and name it [[Fortress of St. Elizabeth|Fort St. Elizabeth]]".<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=uk:Історичне значення імені Єлисавети для нашого міста |trans-title=The Historical Meaning of the Name Elizabeth for Our City |url=http://library.kr.ua/kray/shlakhovoy/elname.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227104941/http://www2.library.kr.ua/kray/shlakhovoy/elname.html |website=[[Kropyvnytskyi Region Universal Research Library]]}}</ref> Thus simultaneously the future city was named in honour of its formal founder, the Russian empress, and also in honor of her heavenly patroness, [[Elizabeth (Biblical person)|St. Elizabeth]].{{fact|date=April 2025}}

=== Zinovievsk ===

Following the Russian Revolution and founding of the [[Soviet Union]], in 1924 the city was renamed '''Zinovievsk''', after [[Grigory Zinoviev]], a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] statesman and one of the leaders of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]].<ref name=nnotk/> He was born in Yelisavetgrad on 20 September (September 8 [[Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Adoption in Eastern Europe|O.S.]]), 1883. At the time he was honored by the name, he was a member of the [[Politburo]] and the Chairman of the [[Comintern]]'s Executive Committee.

=== Kirovo and Kirovograd ===

On 27 December 1934, after the assassination of [[Sergei Kirov]], Zinovievsk and other [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] cities was renamed again - this time as '''Kirovo''', and then as '''Kirovohrad'''.<ref name=nnotk/> The latter name appeared simultaneously with the creation of Kirovograd Oblast, on 10 January 1939<ref name=nnotk/> and was aimed at differentiating the region from [[Kirov Oblast]] in present-day Russia.

After Ukraine regained independence, the name of the city started to be spelled according to Ukrainian pronunciation as '''Kirovohrad.''' The previous Russified orthography remains widely used on account of the widespread use of the Russian language in the region.

=== Kropyvnytskyi ===

Since 1991 numerous discussions had been held on the city's name. A number of activists supported returning the city to its original name, Yelisavetgrad (or now '''Yelysavethrad''' in [[Romanization of Ukrainian|Ukrainian transcription]]). Other suggestions for contemporary Ukraine included ''Tobilevychi'' (in honour of the {{ill|Tobilevych family|uk|Тобілевичі}}, the Coryphaei of the classic Ukrainian drama established in Yelysavethrad in 1882); ''Zlatopil'' ({{langx|uk|Златопіль}}; from Ukrainian "золоте поле", literally "golden field", in reference to wheat fields; there are several places in Ukraine with this name), and ''Stepohrad'', Ukrainian for "city of [[steppe]]s" (in recognition of the agricultural status of the city); ''Ukrainsk'' or ''Ukrainoslav'', i.e. "the glorifying Ukraine one;" and ''Novokozachyn'' (to commemorate the semi-famous [[Cossacks|Cossack]] regiment which could have been quartered at the present-day city location).{{cn|date=May 2025}}

The President of Ukraine, [[Petro Poroshenko]], signed the bill on [[decommunization in Ukraine]] on 15 May 2015, which required places associated with the [[Ukrainian SSR|communist past]] to be renamed within a six-month period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/265988.html|title=Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> On 25 October 2015 (during [[2015 Ukrainian local elections|local elections]]) 76.6% of the Kirovohrad voters voted for renaming the city to Yelysavethrad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/299070.html|title=77% of Kirovograd residents favor return of city's name of Yelisavetgrad - media|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> A draft law at the time before the Ukrainian parliament would prohibit any names associated with Russian history since the 14th century, which would make the name Yelysavethrad inadmissible as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fortruss.blogspot.ca/2015/10/ukrainian-parliament-introduced-bill-to.html|title=Ukrainian Parliament introduced a bill to ban all Russian geographic names starting from the XIV century|access-date=20 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224104221/http://fortruss.blogspot.ca/2015/10/ukrainian-parliament-introduced-bill-to.html|archive-date=24 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> A committee of the [[Verkhovna Rada]] (Ukraine's parliament) chose the name Inhulsk on 23 December 2015. This name is a reference to the nearby [[Inhul]] river.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censor.net.ua/news/366441/komitet_rady_predlagaet_pereimenovat_kirovograd_v_ingulsk_vyatrovich|publisher=Censor|title=Комитет Рады предлагает переименовать Кировоград в Ингульск, - Вятрович|date=23 December 2015 }}</ref> On 31 March 2016 the Verkhovna Rada Committee for Nation Building, Regional Politics and Local Self-Government recommended to parliament to rename Kirovohrad to Kropyvnytskyi.<ref name="Kropyvnytskyi city 31316">{{in lang|uk}} [http://pda.pravda.com.ua/news/id_7103998/ Profile Committee of the Council decided on a new name for Kirovohrad], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (31 March 2016)</ref> This name is a reference to writer, actor and playwright [[Marko Kropyvnytskyi]], who was born near the city.<ref name="Kropyvnytskyi city 31316"/> On 14 July 2016, the name of the city was finally changed to Kropyvnytskyi.<ref name=nnotk/><ref>{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2016/07/14/7114702/ Verkhovna Rada renamed Kirovograd], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (14 July 2016)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=58393|title=Офіційний портал Верховної Ради України|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref>

==Administrative status==
[[File:Kirovograd Popovicha 1 Vokzal (YDS 3767).jpg|thumb|[[Kropyvnytskyi railway station]]]]
[[File:35-101-0096 Kropyvnytsky SAM 4978.jpg|thumb|Main post office]]

Kropyvnytskyi serves as administrative center of [[Kropyvnytskyi Raion]] and hosts the administration of [[Kropyvnytskyi urban hromada]], one of the [[hromada]]s of Ukraine.<ref name="admreform_2020_kropyvnytskyi">{{cite web |title=Кропивницкая городская громада |url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/kropyvnycka/ |publisher=Портал об'єднаних громад України |language=ru}}</ref>

Until 18 July 2020, Kropyvnytskyi was designated as a [[City of regional significance (Ukraine)|city of oblast significance]] and belonged to [[Kropyvnytskyi Municipality]] but not to Kropyvnytskyi Raion even though it was the center of the raion. It is divided into two districts — Fortechnyi and Podilskyi. The [[urban-type settlement]] of [[Nove, Kirovohrad Oblast|Nove]] is part of the Fortechnyi District. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kirovohrad Oblast to four, Kropyvnytskyi Municipality was merged into Kropyvnytskyi Raion.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466|access-date=2020-10-03|date=2020-07-18|website=Голос України|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |url=https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=uk}}</ref>

==History==
{{more citations needed section|date=August 2024}}

=== Before the foundation ===
[[File:Kirovograd B.Khmelnyts'kogo Ploscha Pam'yatnyk B.Khmel'nyts'komu 02 (YDS 5421).jpg|thumb|Monument to [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] (installed in 1995)]]
In the 16th and the first half of the 18th centuries, the lands of modern Kropyvnytskyi and its adjacent districts belonged to [[Zaporozhian Cossacks|Zaporozhian Sich]].<ref>''Поселення задніпрських місць до утворення Нової Сербії в документах середини XVIII століття / А.&nbsp;В.&nbsp;Пивовар.&nbsp; – К.: Академперіодика, 2003.&nbsp; – 336 с.''</ref> On the territory of modern Kropyvnytskyi were located the settlements of Ukrainian Cossacs, which gradually turned into districts of the city, including Kuschivka, Zavadivka and Velyka Balka.<ref>Матівос Ю.&nbsp;М.&nbsp;Місто на сивому Інгулі.&nbsp; – Історико-публіцистичний нарис.&nbsp; – Кіровоград. ТОВ «Діаграма», 2004&nbsp;р.&nbsp; – c. 26.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vechirka.com.ua/kozacke-kor-nnya-nashogo-m-sta|title=Козацьке коріння нашого міста|date=4 March 2016|access-date=3 May 2024|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125743/http://www.vechirka.com.ua/kozacke-kor-nnya-nashogo-m-sta|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== 18th and 19th century: from military settlement to trade centre ===
{{See also|Siege of St. Elizabeth fortress (1769)}}
[[File:Вали гармати.2018.jpg|thumb|Walls of St. Elizabeth fortress]]
The history of the city beginnings dates back to the year 1754 when Fort St. Elizabeth was built on the lands of former [[Zaporozhian Sich]] in the upper course of the Inhul, Suhokleya and Biyanka Rivers.

On 9 January 1752, the Senate, based on the petition of the Serbian colonel [[Jovan Horvat]], issues a decree on the creation of [[New Serbia (historical province)|New Serbia]] and the construction of the 
[[The Fortress of St. Elizabeth (Kropyvnytskyi)|fortress of St. Elizabeth]] for its protection.<ref>на доповіді Сената «Генваря 4 дня 1752 года подписано Ея императорского Величества рукою тако: быть по сему, а данную генерал майору Глебову инструкцию велено оной крепости учинить наперед план и для рассмотрения прислать в военную коллегию». Центральний державний військово-історичний архів Росії Ф.349, інв.№&nbsp;9, спр.1445, стор.2-4</ref> In January 1752, the decree was signed by [[Elizabeth of Russia]], on the basis of which a thanks letter was issued to Ivan Horvath and instructions to Ivan Glebov.<ref>[http://library.kr.ua/kray/didyk/Didyk_Disser.pdf ДІДИК С. С. НОВОСЛОБІДСЬКИЙ КОЗАЦЬКИЙ ПОЛК (1753—1764&nbsp;рр.): дис. я. канд. іст. наук: 07.00.01 / Дідик Сергій Сергійович; Запорізький національний ун-т. Запоріжжя, 2009.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930100129/http://library.kr.ua/kray/didyk/Didyk_Disser.pdf |date=30 вересня 2015 }} С.&nbsp;49</ref> The mentioned documents didn't indicate the place of construction of the fortress, so it was chosen by order of Ivan Glebov.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.library.kr.ua/kray/shlakhovoy/elname.html|title=ІСТОРИЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ ІМЕНІ ЄЛИСАВЕТИ ДЛЯ НАШОГО МІСТА|first=К. В.|last=Шляховий|website=old.library.kr.ua}}</ref> The [[Hadiach]]-[[Myrhorod]] regiment of [[Cossack Hetmanate|Ukrainian Cossacks]] (1390 males) arrived to build the fortress, which completed the main works in four months: from June to October 1754. During the work, 72 [[Zaporozhian Cossacks|Zaporozhians]] died, 233 fell ill, and 855 ran away to [[Nova Sich|Sich]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://librarychl.kr.ua/kn_in/kraeznavcha-abetka/fortecja-sv-elisav.php|title=Фортеця Святої Єлисавети|website=librarychl.kr.ua}}</ref> This fort played a pivotal role in the new lands added to Russia by the [[Belgrad Peace Treaty]] of 1739. In 1764 the settlement received status of the center of the Elizabeth province. Also, it was from this fortress at the end of May 1775 that a 100,000-strong army led by the general [[Peter Tekeli]] set out, which on 15 June destroyed [[Zaporozhian Sich]].<ref>Исторія Малой Россіи, со временъ присоединенія оной къ Россійскому государству при царѣ Алексѣѣ Михайловичѣ, съ краткимъ обозрѣніемъ первобытнаго состоянія сего края. Часть четвертая. — М.: Въ Типографіи Семена Селивановскаго, 1822. — С. 297−303.</ref> In 1784 the status of chief town of a district, when it was renamed after the fort as city of ''Yelyzavethrad''.
[[File:Фортеця Святої Єлисавети. Місто Кропивницький.jpg|thumb|Aerial photograph]]
[[File:Фортеця святої Єлисавети 08.jpg|thumb|Remains of earthworks]]
The Fort of St. Elizabeth was on a crossroads of trade routes, and it eventually became a major trade center. The city has held regular fairs four times a year. Merchants from all over the [[Russian Empire]] have visited these fairs. Also, there were numerous foreign merchants, especially from Greece. The main architect of the city in the middle of the 19th century was Dostoevsky’s brother, [[Andrey Dostoevsky|Andrey]]. Also here born writers minodav Shpolyansky (Don Aminado), Yuri Daragan and [[Arseny Tarkovsky]]. Developed around the [[military settlement]], the city rose to prominence in the 19th century when it became an important [[trade]] centre, as well as a Ukrainian cultural leader with the first professional [[theatre|theatrical]] company in either Central or Eastern Ukraine being established here in 1882 ([[Theatre of Coryphaei]]),<ref name=nnotk>[http://www.unian.info/politics/1417120-sweeping-out-soviet-past-kirovohrad-renamed-kropyvnytsky.html Sweeping out Soviet past: Kirovohrad renamed Kropyvnytsky], [[UNIAN]] (14 July 2016)</ref> founded by [[Mark Kropyvnytsky]],<ref name=nnotk/> [[Ivan Karpenko-Karyi|Tobilevych]] brothers and [[Maria Zankovetska]].<ref name=nnotk/>

=== Early 20th century: famine and pogroms ===
Elizabethgrad was ravaged by [[famine]] in 1901 and its residents suffered more due to poor government response. 
[[File:Кіровоград трамвай.jpeg|thumb|Tram in the city]]
The region is extremely fertile. However, a drought in 1892 and poor farming methods which never allowed the soil to recover, prompted a large famine that plagued the region. According to a 1901 ''New York Times'' article, the Ministry of the Interior denied the persistence of famine in the region and blocked non-State charities from bringing aid to the area. The reporter wrote, "The existence of famine was inconvenient at a time when negotiations were pending for foreign loans." The governor of the [[Kherson Governorate|Kherson region]], Prince [[Oblonsky]], refused to acknowledge this famine. One non-resident and non-State worker entered Elizabethgrad and provided ''The New York Times'' with an eyewitness account.<ref name="famine">"Famine and Disease in South Russia Province" ''New York Times'', 5 Aug. 1901. New York Times. 26 June 2009 [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/08/05/108286078.pdf].</ref> He observed: general and acute destitution; deaths from starvation; widespread [[typhus]] (shows poverty), and little to no work to be found in the region.

Elizabethgrad was located in the [[Pale of Settlement]] and, during the 19th century, had a substantial Jewish population.

Elizabethgrad was subjected to several violent [[pogrom]]s in the late 19th and early 20th century. In 1905 another riot flared, with Christians killing Jews and plundering the Jewish quarter.<ref name="enc">Rosenthal, Herman. Broyde, Isaac. Janovsy, S. Jewish Encyclopedia.com [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=32&letter=Y "Yelisavetgrad:Elisavetgrad"], accessed 20 June 2009</ref> A contemporary account was reported in ''[[The New York Times]]'' on 13 December 1905.<ref name="pogrom">"Russian City Burning; Jews Being Massacred," ''NY Times'', 12 Dec. 1905, accessed 25 June 2009 [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/12/13/101424757.pdf].</ref>

=== Ukrainian War of Independence and Ukrainian–Soviet War ===
During the Ukrainian revolution, the government in the city changed several times. The City Council recognized the authority of the [[Central Rada]] on 19 December 1917. in January-February 1918, street battles took place here between supporters of the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] on one side and the Bolsheviks and their allies - anarchists led by [[Maria Nikiforova]], on the other.<ref>Том 11. Кіровоградська область. 1972. Історія міст УРСР — ст 97</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170315090647/http://forum.rks.kr.ua/about38573.html Народне повстання в Єлісаветграді 1918 року]</ref>
[[File:Штамп Єлисаветська Керовнича Рада 11.04.1918.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Stamp of the Elysavet Governing Council of [[Ukrainian People's Republic]], 11 April 1918]]
On 7 May 1919, paramilitary leader, and former [[divisional general]] in the [[Red Army]], [[Nykyfor Hryhoriv]], launched an [[Hryhoriv Uprising|anti-Bolshevik uprising]]. On 8 May 1919, he issued a proclamation "To the Ukrainian People" (''До Українського народу''), in which he called upon the Ukrainian people to rise against the "Communist imposters", singling out the "Jewish commissars"<ref name="werth5">{{cite book |last= Werth |first= Nicolas |date= 2019 |title= Le cimetière de l'espérance. Essais sur l'histoire de l'Union soviétique (1914-1991) |trans-title= Cemetery of Hope. Essays on the History of the Soviet Union (1914–1991) |chapter= Chap. 5: 1918-1921. Les pogroms des guerres civiles russes |language= fr |publisher= Perrin |series=Collection Tempus |isbn= 978-2-262-07879-9}}</ref> and the [[Cheka]]. In only a few weeks, Hryhoriv's troops perpetrated 148 pogroms, the deadliest of which resulted in the massacre of upwards of 1,000 Jewish people in Yelisavetgrad, from 15 to 17 May 1919.<ref name="werth5" /> In total, about 3,000 Jews died in the city.<ref name="regmus">{{cite web |url=http://www.regionalmuseum.kr.ua/preg08-21.html |title=Микола Правда — Отаман Григор'єв, яким він був насправді — «Молодіжне перехрестя», 23.10.2008 |access-date=2015-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120195250/http://www.regionalmuseum.kr.ua/preg08-21.html |archive-date=2015-11-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Soviet Red Army eventually reconquered the city in 1920.<ref>Сергій Шевченко, Єлисаветградськими волами за українським паровозом, Вечірня газета, 7 травня 1993&nbsp;р.</ref>

=== Ukrainian SSR ===
During Soviet rule, in the [[Ukrainian SSR]], the city economy was dominated by such enterprises as [http://www.elvorti.com/ Chervona Zirka Agricultural Machinery Plant] (current name Elvorti; which once provided more than 50% of the USSR need in tractor [[seed drill|seeders]]), [[Hydrosila|Hydrosila Hydraulic Units Plant]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20071009065649/http://www.radiy.kr.ua/ Radiy Radio Component Plant], Pishmash Typewriter Plant (de facto defunct nowadays) and others.

During the [[Holodomor]] and [[Great Purge]], 2238 residents of the city died.<ref>[https://holodomormuseum.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/zvedeniy_tom_nkp.pdf Загальноукраїнський том Національної книги пам'яті жертв Голодомору 1932–1933 років в Україні].</ref><ref>[http://history.org.ua/LiberUA/978-966-189-000-7/978-966-189-000-7.pdf Національна книга пам'яті жертв Голодомору 1932–1933 років в Україні. Кіровоградська область].</ref>

In [[World War II]], the city was occupied by [[Nazi Germany]] from 5 August 1941. From October 1941, the occupiers operated the Stalag 305 [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]] in the city, following its relocation from [[Rzeszów]] in [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German-occupied Poland]].<ref name=ushm>{{cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Geoffrey P.|last2=Overmans|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Vogt|first3=Wolfgang|year=2022|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|pages=288–289|isbn=978-0-253-06089-1}}</ref> Abysmal conditions combined with scarce food rations even led to acts of cannibalism, whereas Jews and communists were executed.<ref name=ushm/> It was subsequently recaptured by Soviet forces on 8 January 1944.

=== Independent Ukraine ===
During the [[Ukrainian presidential election, 2004|Ukrainian presidential election of 2004]] the city achieved country-wide notoriety due to mass [[election fraud]] committed by local authorities and after that became known as District 100 (its community number according to the [[Central Election Commission (Ukraine)|Central Elections Committee]]).<ref>[https://vn.20minut.ua/Podii/kiu-v-dnepropetrovske-i-kirovograde--sereznyie-narusheniya-17862.html КИУ: В Днепропетровске и Кировограде – серьезные нарушения], 20 Minutes.</ref>

After the beginning of the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], the policy of decommunization was introduced, during which the city was renamed in honor of the founder of the first Ukrainian theater, [[Marko Kropyvnytskyi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ukranews.com/ua/news/438900-kirovograd-pereymenovano-v-kropyvnyckyy|title=Кіровоград перейменовано в Кропивницький &#124; Українські Новини|date=18 July 2016|access-date=28 April 2024|archive-date=18 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718075543/http://ukranews.com/ua/news/438900-kirovograd-pereymenovano-v-kropyvnyckyy|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

==== Russian invasion of Ukraine ====
With the beginning of Russia's large-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the city began to suffer from rocket attacks by the Russian army. On the morning of 1 March 2022, the Russian occupiers fired at the Kanatove airfield near Kropyvnytskyi, trying to destroy infrastructure facilities. On 12 March 2022, Russian troops attacked the airfield near the Kanatove railway station, as a result of which 7 soldiers were killed. On the morning of 23 July 2022, 13 missiles arrived (8 Kalibr sea-based missiles and 5 Kh-22 missiles from the TU-22M3 aircraft). The enemy fired at a military airfield and a railway facility. As the result, 19 were wounded and 3 were killed. Air alarms sounded almost daily in the city.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

As of 24 May 2022, there were more than 40,000 forcibly displaced people from regions of active hostilities in the city and region. According to data on 29 August 2022, this figure increased to 85,000 people. Also, during the war, various institutions and enterprises moved to Kropyvnytskyi, including Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs from [[Mariupol]] (originally [[Donetsk]]), Kharkiv Research Institute of Prosthetics, Donetsk National Medical University from [[Kramatorsk]] (originally Donetsk) and [[Kherson]] State Agrarian and Economical University.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

[[File:Оркестр 3 окремого полку спецпризначення імені князя Святослава Хороброго , Кропивницький , 2023.png|thumb|The orchestra of [[3rd Separate Special Purpose Regiment (Ukraine)|3rd Separate Special Purpose Regiment]] sings for the people, 2023]]
[[File:10ті_роковини_Євромайдану_,_Кропивницький.jpg|thumb|Photos of fallen heroes in the center of city, 2023]]

==Geography==
The city is in the center of Ukraine and within the [[Dnieper Upland]]. The [[Inhul]] river flows through Kropyvnytskyi. Within the city, several other smaller rivers and brooks runs in the Inhul; they include the Suhoklia and the Biyanka.

===Urban layout===
The city began as a settlement built in adjustment to a fortress called "Yelizaveta Fortress". At the end of 1757, the earthen fortifications were almost ready. Only the internal layout has changed, retaining its dimensions (55x55 sazhens). North of the fortress of St. Elizabeth, behind a small ravine on the banks of the Ingul, a soldier's settlement arose under the name of Grechesky or Bykovo, named after captain Bykov who was the [[commandant]] of the fortress. The main streets of Bykovo were Nizhne-Bykovskaya (Pushkin St.). Verkhne-Bykovaya (Chapaeva), Ostrovskaya, Vasilievskaya, Andreevskaya (retained its original name), Artem, Kakhovskaya, Tobilevich, Pushkina Lane, Znamensky, and Sibirskaya.
<ref name="urbanlayout">{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2009/s2632675.htm |title=Историко-градостроительный анализ развития г.Кировограда |date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107215831/http://library.kr.ua/elib/ketsko/kirovohrad.html|archive-date=2016-11-07 |url-status= |first= |last= |publisher=Oblast University Library|language=ru|location=Kropyvnytskyi}}</ref>

To the east of the fortress, the Permskoye suburb appeared. It got its name from the camp of the Perm (Carabinieri) Regiment ({{langx|ru|Пермский карабинерный полк}}), called in 1754 to cover the working people and eradicate the Gaidamaks. Permskoye was located between the river and the esplanade zone, it was a small residential area, numbering a dozen blocks with straight streets and lanes. The main streets of Perm were - (Bolshaya Permskaya), Fisanovich, Sverdlov, Bobrinetskaya, Gorky, International, lanes Krepostnoy, Postal, Ogorodny.

Soon, buildings appeared on the other side of the Ingul. This part of the settlement was called Podil and is today forming the central part of the city. The drawings of 1762 indicate that a large residential area arose here, cut by streets 10-12 sazhens wide into a grid of square and rectangular quarters. It became the core of a rapidly growing village. The main streets on Podil were Marksa Street (Bolshaya Perspektivnaya, Nikolaevsky Prospekt), Dzerzhinskya (Moskovskaya), Lenina (Dvortsovaya, Verkhne-Donskaya), Timiryazeva (Nizhne-Donskaya), Gogola (Uspenskaya), K. Liebknecht (Preobrazhenskaya, Merchant ), R. Luxembourg, (Pokrovskaya), Kalinina (Mirgorodskaya), Decembrists (Ingulskad), Company (Nevskaya, Pashutinskaya), Volodarsky (Aleksandrovskaya), Kirov (Mikhailovskaya), Krasnogvardeiskaya (Arkhangelskaya), Karabinernaya (retained its original name).<ref name="urbanlayout" />

While Bykovo and Permsky quarters were built up by the headquarters department for soldiers and officers, then in Podil they are occupied by houses of merchants and artisans. The settlements of Kovalevka and Balka, apparently founded by the Cossacks, adjoined the outskirts (in the territory of the modern part of the Balka, there is still a lane called Cossack). These settlements, which eventually merged with the suburban development into a single planning structure, initially had a picturesque, free tracing of the street network. But, if over time the layout of the Balka was subjected to only partial regulation, then only small fragments remained of the original layout of Kovalevka (Bebel St., Transportnaya St., Molodezhny Lane).<ref name="urbanlayout" />

Almost simultaneously with the appearance of the suburb, the following were built: the city market (on the site of an existing shopping center), the wooden Assumption Church (on the site of the regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine), the wooden Vladimirskaya (Greek Church), the wooden Znamenskaya Church (on Bykovo), the schismatic prayer house. These objects with ordinary, mainly wooden manor buildings, as well as with fortress structures, determined the appearance of the city in the first ten years of its development.

The planning architectural and spatial composition of the central part of the settlement consisted in the hierarchical subordination of its main street (B. Perspektivnaya, K. Marksa) with the square on it and ordinary low-rise buildings. Among this development, public houses and shops were sharp accents, and the Assumption and Vladimir churches served as dominants. The street served as the main axis of the entire composition. It divided the suburb into two equal parts and the direction of its route almost coincided with the center of the fortress. Thus, the fortress with the church in it turned into the third main dominant of the street, although it was located outside its boundaries.

In plan, the area was rectangular with an aspect ratio of 1:3 (50x150 m.). On one of the smaller sides, it adjoined the main street (Bolshaya Perspektivnaya), and on the wide side it adjoined the market and a small quarter, like the square, which is now included in the territory of the market.

From the side of the market on the square there were a gostiny dvor and butcher shops, and on the opposite and smaller sides - public buildings. Within the retranchement, the city occupied an area of 2.3 sq. km. (1.8 x 1.5&nbsp;km.). From the period of the formation of the city the fortress of St. Elizabeth was the town-planning core of the settlement, the place of concentration or attraction of all its main functions. The central administrative function was concentrated in the fortress. This is the administrative management of the fortress, the subordination of the chiefs of the suburbs and settlements to the commandant of the fortress, the presence in it of the regimental office of the Cossack regiment. The religious center was also located in the fortress of St. Elizabeth, the Trinity Cathedral Church (ruined in 1813).<ref name="trinity">{{cite web |url=http://elisavetgrad.ho.ua/View_cat.php?cat=11|title=Церкви, соборы - Кировограда|date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427011812/http://elisavetgrad.ho.ua/View_cat.php?cat=11|archive-date=2013-04-27|url-status=live|publisher=elisavetgrad.ho.ua|language=ru|location=}}</ref> The central trading function also gravitated towards the fortress. Its place of concentration is the main square. The trade function developed with the settlement of lands by artisans and merchants. And their appearance was due to the need to service military units inside a large fortress.<ref name="urbanlayout" />

====Soviet period====
Parallel to the Biayanka river, new streets were formed in the settlement of Balka. New quarters have grown in the village, such as Kushchevka and Novo-Alekseevka. Former village Balashovka merged with the city and organically entered its planning structure. In 1930, a [[Urban planning|general plan]] for the development of the city was developed. According to this plan, on the site of the square in front of the former town hall, the main square of the city was formed with a monument to Kirov in its center. In the 50s, The construction of 2-storey buildings began in the areas of Lunacharskogo and Mira streets. Also in the late 40s - early 50s. 3, 5-storey houses are being built on the Marksa Street. From the 60s, construction of massive housing estates was commenced, with Cheryomushki located in the south-west of the city being first such district, designed according to the plan of architect A.A. Sidorenko. Such housing estate was constructed also in Novo-Nikolaevka District. New [[Urban planning|master plan]] for the city was developed by the Kharkiv Institute Ukrgorstroyproekt, taking into account the placement of a residential multi-storey buildings in the new territories of the south-west. New residential areas were built along Heroyev Ukrainy Street (formerly Volkova Street). In the 60s, the industrial district along Balashovsky district was developed.<ref name="urbanlayout" />

===Architecture===

{{unreferenced section|date=February 2016}}
From 1878 to 1905 [[Oleksandr Pashutin]] served as mayor of the city. Under his administration, advances were made in the areas of education and medicine, construction of the water-supply system and several public buildings, the introduction of the first tram and the establishment of numerous marketplaces. Kropyvnytskyi is noted for the quality of its architecture, with European-style sculptures and antique windows. A range of classical and modern monuments, Moorish and Baroque palaces, and buildings that combine Gothic, Rococo and Renaissance motives are extant to this day. Today{{when|date=May 2022}} a high level of building technology of Kropyvnytskyi's masters encourages further construction and restoration.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Кропивницький. Синагога P1480889.jpg|Great Choral Synagogue
File:Вокзальна 20 2019.jpg|Craft school
File:Lisavetgrad Dvortsova 15.jpg|Mansion I.M. Marushchak
File:Kirovograd Chmilenka 84 37 02 (YDS 3319).jpg|Early 20th century ''Art Nouveau'' architecture
File:Площа перед міськрадою Кропивницького.png|Square in front of the city council
File:Kirovohrad city council.jpg|Kropyvnytskyi city council
File:Kirovograd Dvortsova 9 Komplex Budivel' Gostynnogo Dvoru 01 (YDS 3026).jpg|Security service building
File:Кропивницький вул. Велика Перспективна, 60 2019 3.jpg|Art Museum
File:Кропивницький вул. Арх. Паученка, 89.jpg|Osmyorkin museum
File:Kirovograd Velyka Perms'ka 2 Budynok Okruzhnogo Sudu 01 (YDS 5319).jpg|Old court building
</gallery>

==Symbols==
Three blue stripes crossed in the middle of the fortress plan symbolize the fortification location at the confluence of the Inhul, Suhukleya and Biyanka rivers. The crimson colour favoured by Cossacks refers to the fortress being situated on the lands of the [[Zaporozhian Cossacks]]. Golden ears together with a golden field on the shield are symbols of the fertile lands and notable agricultural wealth of the region.

The shield is held by storks, which symbolizes happiness, fertility, and love for the native land. The golden tower in the form of a crown expresses that the city is a regional centre. The motto "With peace and good" placed on the azure stripe emphasizes that same idea. All the features of the flag correlate with the principal elements of the escutcheon on the coat of arms of the city.

== Population ==
{{historical populations|1897|61488|1926|64502|1939|100392|1959|128207|1970|188795|1979|236652|1989|269803|2001|254103|2011|235490|2022|219676|align=right|cols=1|source=<ref>{{cite web|title=Cities & Towns of Ukraine|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-cities.htm}}</ref>}}

=== Language ===
Distribution of the population by [[First language#Defining "native language"|native language]] according to the [[2001 Ukrainian census|2001 census]]:<ref>{{cite web | language=uk | url=https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/ | title=Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Language
! Number
! Percentage
|-
| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| align="right"| 199 066 ||align="right"| 79.43%
|-
| [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russian]]
| align="right"| 49 907 || align="right"| 19.91%
|-
| Other or undecided
| align="right"| 1 656 || align="right"| 0.66%
|-
| Total
| align="right"| 250 629 || align="right"| 100.00%
|}

According to a survey conducted by the [[International Republican Institute]] in April–May 2023, 77% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 20% spoke Russian.<ref>{{cite web|website=ratinggroup.ua|title=Municipal Survey May 2023
|url=https://ratinggroup.ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/municipal_survey_may_2023_ua_-_final.pdf}}</ref>

=== Historical dynamic ===
Ethnic structure of the population according to population censuses:
{| class="wikitable"
!
! 1897<ref>{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=1658|title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей.|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref>
! 1926<ref name="census1926">Population census, 1926 year</ref>
! 1939<ref>{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_nac_39_ra.php?reg=272|title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей.|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref>
! 1959<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/119074830/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%92-%D0%9C-%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B-%D0%B2-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8-%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231041430/https://www.scribd.com/doc/119074830/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%92-%D0%9C-%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B-%D0%B2-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8-%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F|url-status=dead|title=Кабузан В. М.&nbsp;—|archivedate=31 December 2014}}</ref>
! 1989<ref name="census2001">{{cite web|url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/nationality/|title=Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001&nbsp;-&nbsp;Результати&nbsp;-&nbsp;Основні підсумки&nbsp;-&nbsp;Національний склад населення|access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref>
! 2001<ref name="census2001"/>
|-
| [[Ukrainians]]||&nbsp;23,6%||&nbsp;44,6%||&nbsp;72,0%||&nbsp;75,0%||&nbsp;76,9%||&nbsp;85,8%
|-
| [[Russians]]||&nbsp;34,6%||&nbsp;25,0%||&nbsp;10,9%||&nbsp;18,6%||&nbsp;19,5%||&nbsp;12,0%
|-
| [[Belarusians]]||&nbsp;0,1%||&nbsp;0,2%||&nbsp;0,4%||&nbsp;0,8%||&nbsp;0,8%||&nbsp;0,5%
|-
| [[Moldovans|Moldavians]]||&nbsp;0,03%||&nbsp;0,2%||&nbsp;0,7%||&nbsp;0,4%||&nbsp;0,5%||&nbsp;0,3%
|-
| [[Jews]]||&nbsp;37,8%||&nbsp;27,7%||&nbsp;14,6%||&nbsp;4,4%||&nbsp;1,9%||&nbsp;0,1%
|}

==Notable people==

The history of Kropyvnytskyi boasts memorable events and appearances in the biographies of famous people. One of the unsurpassed creators of the modern architectural ensemble of the historical centre of the city of Kropyvnytskyi, {{ill|Y. Pauchenko|uk|Паученко Яків Васильович}} was born and lived here. Such noted architects as [[Andrey Dostoevsky|A. Dostoyevskyi]] and {{ill|O. Lishnevskyi|ru|Лишневский, Александр Львович}} worked there as well.
[[Petro Kalnyshevsky|P. Kalnyshevsky]] fought for the freedom of the [[Zaporozhian Cossacks|local cossacks]], [[Nikolay Pirogov|M. Pirohov]] laid the foundation of [[Battlefield medicine|field surgery]] and [[Mikhail Kutuzov|M. Kutuzov]] planned his military operations from the city.
Natives listened to the lectures of the outstanding slavist {{ill|V. Hryhorovych|uk|Григорович Віктор Іванович}}, and inherited the knowledge of the land from the ethnographer, historian and archeologist {{ill|V. Yastrebov|uk|Ястребов Володимир Миколайович}}.

In different periods of time the history of the region was connected with the names of the famous Ukrainian writer, playwright, publicist and statesman [[Volodymyr Vynnychenko]], the poet, literary and cultural critic Y. Malanyuk, the physicist-theoretician, the Nobel Prize laureate [[Igor Tamm]], the scientist and inventor, one of the creators of the legendary "Katyusha" G. Langeman, the composer [[Yuliy Meitus]], the pianist and pedagogue G. Neigauz, the artist and painter O. Osmiorkin, the poet and translator [[Arseny Tarkovsky]], the public and cultural figure, memoirist, patron of the arts [[Yevhen Chykalenko|Y. Chykalenko]], the composer, pianist, pedagogue, musician and publicist K. Shymanovskyi and the Ukrainian writer, dramatist and scriptwriter Y. Yanovskyi.

[[File:Израиль Ильич Фисанович.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Israel Fisanovich]], 1943]]
 
*[[Irina Belotelkin]] (1913–2009) a Russian-American artist and fashion designer.
*[[Felix Blumenfeld]] (1863–1931) a Russian and Soviet composer, conductor and pianist
*[[Aaron Bodansky]] (1887–1960), a Russian-born American biochemist
*[[Israel Fisanovich]] (1914–1944), a [[Soviet Navy]] submarine commander 
*[[Moses Gomberg]] (1866–1947), a chemistry professor at the [[University of Michigan]].
*[[Boris Hessen]] (1893–1936), a Soviet physicist, philosopher and historian of science.
*[[Oleh Korostelyov]] (born 1949), a Ukrainian engineer and scientist.
*[[Boris Kotlyarov]] (1913-1982), a Soviet [[Ethnomusicology|ethnomusicologist]] and violinist
*[[Zavel Kwartin|Zevulun "Zavel" Kwartin]] (1874–1952), [[Judaism|Jewish]] [[Hazzan|cantor]] and composer
*[[Heinrich Neuhaus]] (1888–1964), Russian pianist of [[Germany|German]] and [[Poland|Polish]] descent
*[[Yury Olesha]] (1899–1960), a Russian and Soviet writer and novelist.
*[[Ivan Olinsky]] (1878–1962), a Jewish-Ukrainian and American painter and art instructor in New York and Connecticut
*[[Victor Orly]] (born 1962), a contemporary [[France|French]] painter
*[[Platon Poretsky]] (1846–1907), Russian Imperial astronomer, mathematician and logician
*[[Issachar Ber Ryback]] (1897–1935), a Jewish-Ukrainian-French painter and sculptor
*[[Afrikan Spir]] (1837–1890), a Russian neo-Kantian philosopher of German-Greek descent 
*[[Arseny Tarkovsky]] (1907–1989), Russian poet
*[[Alexander Zaldostanov]] (born 1963), leader of the [[Night Wolves]]; Russia's largest motorcycle club
*[[Grigory Zinoviev]] (1883–1936), [[Bolshevik]] revolutionary and a prominent member of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]]

=== Sport ===
[[File:Sev tren 2016 (7).jpg|thumb|140px|[[Yevhen Konoplyanka]], 2016]]
*[[Andriy Pyatov]] (born 1984), former Ukrainian football player
*[[Olesya Dudnik]] (born 1974) a gymnastics coach and former artistic gymnast
*[[Grigory Gamarnik]] (1929–2018), Soviet wrestler, [[Greco-Roman wrestling|Greco-Roman]] world champion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Sport/Jews_in_Sport_in_the_USSR |title=YIVO - Sport: Jews in Sport in the USSR |access-date=20 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429023935/http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Sport/Jews_in_Sport_in_the_USSR |archive-date=29 April 2015 }}</ref>
*[[Andrei Kanchelskis]] (born 1969), [[Association football|footballer]] with 456 club caps and 36 for [[Russia national football team|Russia]]
*[[Boris Konfederat]] (born 1943), footballer and referee
*[[Yevhen Konoplyanka]] (born 1989), footballer with 275 club caps and 86 for [[Ukraine national football team|Ukraine]]
*[[Dmytro Mykhaylenko]] (born 1973), footballer with 376 club caps and 23 for [[Ukraine national football team|Ukraine]]
*[[Serhiy Nazarenko]] (born 1980), footballer with 375 club caps and 56 for [[Ukraine national football team|Ukraine]]
*[[Maurice Podoloff]] (1890–1985), [[American Hockey League]] and [[National Basketball Association]] administrator
*[[Valeriy Porkujan]] (born 1944), footballer with 240 club caps and 8 for the [[Soviet Union national football team|Soviet Union]]
*[[Andriy Rusol]] (born 1983), footballer with 252 club caps and 49 for [[Ukraine national football team|Ukraine]]
*[[Alexei Suetin]] (1926–2001), Russian [[Grandmaster (chess)|chess grandmaster]] and author
*[[Don Aminado]] (1888–1957), Russian Jewish emigre writer

==Climate==
Kropyvnytskyi is in the central region of Ukraine.
Kropyvnytskyi's climate is moderate [[Continental climate|continental]]: cold and snowy winters, and hot summers. The seasonal average temperatures are not too cold in winter, not too hot in summer: {{convert|-4.8|°C|°F}} in January, and {{convert|20.7|°C|°F}} in July. The average precipitation is {{convert|534|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} per year, with the most in June and July.
{{Weather box
|location = Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine (1991–2020, extremes 1948–present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 11.1
|Feb record high C = 18.7
|Mar record high C = 24.0
|Apr record high C = 30.5
|May record high C = 35.8
|Jun record high C = 35.5
|Jul record high C = 38.8
|Aug record high C = 39.4
|Sep record high C = 37.1
|Oct record high C = 28.9
|Nov record high C = 21.0
|Dec record high C = 15.7
|year record high C = 39.4
|Jan high C = -1.0
|Feb high C = 0.6
|Mar high C = 6.8
|Apr high C = 15.7
|May high C = 21.9
|Jun high C = 25.5
|Jul high C = 28.0
|Aug high C = 27.7
|Sep high C = 21.5
|Oct high C = 13.9
|Nov high C = 5.8
|Dec high C = 0.7
|year high C = 13.9
|Jan mean C = -3.6
|Feb mean C = -2.7
|Mar mean C = 2.3
|Apr mean C = 9.9
|May mean C = 15.8
|Jun mean C = 19.6
|Jul mean C = 21.7
|Aug mean C = 21.0
|Sep mean C = 15.4
|Oct mean C = 8.8
|Nov mean C = 2.6
|Dec mean C = -1.8
|year mean C = 9.1
|Jan low C = -6.2
|Feb low C = -5.6
|Mar low C = -1.6
|Apr low C = 4.3
|May low C = 9.7
|Jun low C = 13.7
|Jul low C = 15.4
|Aug low C = 14.5
|Sep low C = 9.6
|Oct low C = 4.5
|Nov low C = -0.1
|Dec low C = -4.2
|year low C = 4.5
|Jan record low C = -30.0
|Feb record low C = -31.1
|Mar record low C = -25.0
|Apr record low C = -8.0
|May record low C = -2.8
|Jun record low C = 2.2
|Jul record low C = 6.4
|Aug record low C = 3.0
|Sep record low C = -5.0
|Oct record low C = -10.0
|Nov record low C = -21.2
|Dec record low C = -26.1
|year record low C = -31.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 35
|Feb precipitation mm = 28
|Mar precipitation mm = 35
|Apr precipitation mm = 32
|May precipitation mm = 50
|Jun precipitation mm = 63
|Jul precipitation mm = 57
|Aug precipitation mm = 40
|Sep precipitation mm = 48
|Oct precipitation mm = 41
|Nov precipitation mm = 36
|Dec precipitation mm = 33
|year precipitation mm = 498
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 7.5
|Feb precipitation days = 6.0
|Mar precipitation days = 7.0
|Apr precipitation days = 6.0
|May precipitation days = 7.5
|Jun precipitation days = 7.9
|Jul precipitation days = 6.0
|Aug precipitation days = 4.8
|Sep precipitation days = 5.8
|Oct precipitation days = 5.7
|Nov precipitation days = 5.7
|Dec precipitation days = 7.0
|year precipitation days = 76.9
|Jan humidity = 86.0
|Feb humidity = 82.8
|Mar humidity = 75.8
|Apr humidity = 63.3
|May humidity = 62.6
|Jun humidity = 65.5
|Jul humidity = 64.8
|Aug humidity = 61.3
|Sep humidity = 67.8
|Oct humidity = 77.3
|Nov humidity = 86.2
|Dec humidity = 88.0
|year humidity = 73.5
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru<ref name = pogoda>{{cite web
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/33711.htm
| script-title = ru:Погода и Климат – Климат Кропивницкий
| trans-title = Weather and Climate – The Climate of Kropyvnytskyi
| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
| language = ru
| access-date = 29 October 2021}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[NOAA]] (precipitation and humidity 1991–2020)<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250420203558/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Kropyvnytskyi_33711.csv
| archive-date = 20 April 2025
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Kropyvnytskyi_33711.csv
| title = Kropyvnytskyi Climate Normals 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = [[National Centers for Environmental Information]]
| access-date = 20 April 2025}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
Панорама Єлисаветграда.jpg|Panorama of the city, 1910s
Площа Героїв Майдану , Кропивницький.png|Central square, 2023
Панорама Кропивницького.png|Downhill view
Panorama of Kropyvnytskyi , 2023.png|Panorama of the city, 2023
Inhul Kropyvnytskyi.jpg|Embankment of the Inhul
Набережна м. Кропивницький.jpg|Fishermens
Be brave like Ukraine.jpg|Memorial "Be brave like Ukraine"
Центральноукраїнський інститут розвитку людини (м.Кропивницький).jpg|Central Ukrainian Institute of Human Development
Фотографії загиблих воїнів у Кропивницькому.jpg|Regional State Administration (in front of her are photographs of fallen soldiers)
Memorial to the victims of Holodomor in Kropyvnytskyi , November 2023.jpg|Monument to the victims of the [[Holodomor]]
Пам'ятник жертвам радянських репресій у Кропивницькому.jpg|Monument to the victims of [[Political repression in the Soviet Union|Soviet repressions]]
10 years of Euromaidan , Kropyvnytskyi , Ukraine.jpg|Monument to the heroes of [[Euromaidan]]
Remblai de la rivière Inhul, Kropyvnytskyi, centre de l'Ukraine , 25.12.2023.jpg|One of the bridges over Inhul
Postamt in Kropyvnytskyi.jpg|Main post office
Center of Kropyvnytskyi , central Ukraine.jpg|Main street (Velyka Perspektyvna)
Inhul , Kropyvnytskyi , Ukraine.jpg|Inhul river
Remblai de la rivière Inhul, Kropyvnytskyi, 25.12.2023.jpg|Embankment in the city center 
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Creative Group]]
* [[Kropyvnytskyi Region Universal Research Library]]
* [[Remember about the Gas — Do not buy Russian goods!]]
*[[Yatran (typewriter)]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wiktionary}}
* {{cite EB9 |wstitle = Elizabethgrad |volume= VIII | page=146 |short=1 }}
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Elisavetgrad |volume= 9 | pages = 279&ndash;280 |short= 1}}
*{{wikivoyage inline|Kropyvnytskyi}}
*[http://www.rks.kr.ua/daily/ Kropyvnytskyi Daily News] {{in lang|uk|ru}}
*[http://www.kypur.net/ Bez Kupur - News of Kropyvnytskyi and Kirovohrad region without limits on the truth] (in Ukrainian)
*[http://gre4ka.com.ua/ Online magazine for young people - "Grechka". News about the cultural life of Kropyvnytskyi young people and Kropyvnytskyi region young people.]
*[http://gorod.kr.ua/ Kropyvnytskyi's portal: photos, news, information, etc.] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://irp.kr.ua/ Kropyvnytskyi news, history of the city, photos, science.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530195252/http://www.irp.kr.ua/ |date=2022-05-30 }} {{in lang|uk}}
*[https://vk.com/typical_kirovohrad Kropyvnytskyi events, history of the city, photos, news and chats with citizen] {{in lang|uk}}
*[https://sky.kr.ua/ SKY - News of Kropyvnytskyi and Kirovohrad region] {{in lang|uk}}

{{Administrative divisions of Ukraine}}
{{Kirovohrad Oblast}}
{{Cities in Ukraine}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kropyvnytskyi| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Kirovohrad Oblast]]
[[Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Oblast centers in Ukraine]]
[[Category:1754 establishments in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1754]]
[[Category:Yelisavetgradsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Former Soviet toponymy in Ukraine]]