Editing LMS Princess Royal Class

{{Short description|Class of 12+1 British 4-6-2 locomotives}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name             = ''Princess Royal'' Class
| image            = Crewe 3 railway works geograph-2192835.jpg
| alt              = 
| caption          = 6210 ''Lady Patricia'' at [[Crewe Works]] in 1948
| powertype        = Steam
| designer         = [[William Stanier]]
| builder          = LMS [[Crewe Works]]
| ordernumber      = 
| serialnumber     = 
| buildmodel       = 
| builddate        = 1933 (2), 1935 (10)
| totalproduction  = 12
| rebuilder        = 
| rebuilddate      = 
| numberrebuilt    = 
| whytetype        = [[4-6-2]]
| uicclass         = 2′C1′ h4s
| driver           = <!-- e.g. 1st, 2nd  or 3rd coupled axle -->
| gauge            = {{track gauge|ussg}}
| leadingdiameter  = {{convert|3|ft|0|in|3|abbr=on}}
| driverdiameter   = {{convert|6|ft|6|in|3|abbr=on}}
| trailingdiameter = {{convert|3|ft|9|in|3|abbr=on}}
| tenderdiameter   = <!-- tender wheel diameter -->
| minimumcurve     = {{ubl|{{convert|6|chain|m|0}} normal|{{convert|4+1/2|chain|m|0}} dead slow}}
| wheelbase        = {{convert|63|ft|10|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
|  engine total    = {{convert|37|ft|9|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
|  leading         = 
|  drivers         = {{convert|15|ft|3|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
|  coupled         = <!-- British terminology -->
|  trailing        = 
|  tender total    = {{convert|15|ft|0|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| pivotcentres     = <!-- Garratts, diesels and electrics -->
| wheelspacing     = <!-- coupled wheels with asymmetrical wheel spacing --> 
| length           = {{convert|74|ft|4+1/4|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
|  over couplers   = 
|  over bufferbeams= 
| width            = {{convert|9|ft|0|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| height           = {{convert|13|ft|3|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
| frametype        = 
| axleload         = {{convert|22.5|LT}}
|  leadingbogie/pony= {{convert|21|LT}}
|  coupled all     = {{convert|22|LT}}
|  coupled 1       = <!-- load on 1st coupled wheel -->
|  coupled 2       = <!-- load on 2nd coupled wheel -->
|  coupled 3       = <!-- etc. -->
|  coupled 4       = 
|  coupled 5       = 
|  coupled 6       = 
|  coupled 7       = 
|  coupled 8       = 
|  trail bogie/pony= {{convert|16|LT}}
|  tenderbogieload = <!-- load per tender bogie, use "Truck 1:<br />Bogie 2:" if different -->
|  tenderaxle      = {{ubl|''Front:'' {{convert|18.6|LT}}|''Middle:'' {{convert|17.8|LT}}|''Rear:'' {{convert|18.25|LT}}}}
| weightondrivers  = {{convert|67.5|LT}}
| locoweight       = {{ubl|{{convert|104.5|LT|ST t|abbr=on}}|''46202:'' {{convert|110.55|LT|ST t|abbr=on}}}}
| tenderweight     = {{convert|54.65|LT|ST t|abbr=on}}
| locotenderweight = 
| tendertype       = 
| fueltype         = [[Coal]]
| fuelcap          = {{ubl|{{convert|9|LT|ST t|abbr=on}}|later {{convert|10|LT|ST t|abbr=on}}}}
| watercap         = {{convert|4000|impgal|abbr=on}}
| tendercap        = 
| sandcap          = 
| fireboxtype      = &nbsp;<!-- Round-top, Belpaire, combustion chamber, etc. -->
|  firearea        = {{convert|45|sqft|abbr=on}}
| boiler           = LMS type 1
|  boilertype      = <!-- Domeless, etc -->
|  pitch           = <!-- height of boiler centreline above the railhead -->
|  diameterinside  = 
|  lengthinside    = {{convert|19|ft|3|in|m|3|abbr=on}}
|  smalltubediameter= {{convert|2+3/8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}, 32 off
|  largetubediameter= {{convert|5+1/8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}, 123 off
| boilerpressure   = {{convert|250|psi|MPa|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| safetyvalvetype  = <!-- Salter spring balance, Ramsbottom, Pop, etc. -->
| feedwaterheater  = 
| totalsurface     = &nbsp;
|  tubearea        = 
|  archarea        = 
|  fluearea        = 
|  tubesandflues   = {{convert|2299|sqft|abbr=on}}
|  fireboxarea     = {{convert|190|or|217|sqft|abbr=on}}
| superheatertype  = 
|  superheaterarea = {{convert|584|sqft|abbr=on}}
| cylindercount    = 4
| cylindersize     = Production Models:<br />{{convert|16+1/4|x|28|in|0|abbr=on}}
| valvegear        = [[Walschaerts valve gear|Walschaerts]]<br />6205 had outside Walschaerts with rocking shafts operating inside valves.
| valvetype        = Piston valves
| valvetravel      = 
| valvelap         = 
| valvelead        = 
| transmission     = 
| trainheating     = 
| locobrakes       = 
| locobrakeforce   = 
| trainbrakes      = 
| safety           = 
| coupling         = 
| maxspeed         = 
| poweroutput      = 
| tractiveeffort   = {{convert|40286|lbf|kN|2|abbr=on}} (production engines)
| factorofadhesion = 
| operator         = {{ubl|[[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]]|[[British Railways]]}}
| operatorclass    = 
| powerclass       = 7P reclassified 8P in 1951 
| numinclass       = 
| fleetnumbers     = (4)6200/1/3–12
| officialname     = 
| nicknames        = Lizzies
| axleloadclass    = 
| locale           = [[London Midland Region of British Railways|London Midland Region]]
| deliverydate     = 
| firstrundate     = 
| lastrundate      = 
| withdrawndate    = 1961 (6), 1962 (6)
| preservedunits   = [[LMS Princess Royal Class 6201 Princess Elizabeth|6201]], [[LMS Princess Royal Class 6203 Princess Margaret Rose|6203]]
| restoredate      = 
| scrapdate        = 
| currentowner     = 
| disposition      = Two preserved, remainder scrapped
| notes            = 
}}
The [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]] (LMS) '''Princess Royal Class''' is a class of express passenger [[4-6-2]] [[steam locomotive]] designed by [[William Stanier]].  Twelve examples were built at [[Crewe]] Works, between 1933 and 1935, for use on the [[West Coast Main Line]].  Two are preserved.

==Overview==
The designer of the class, [[William Stanier]], had previously been Works Manager of the [[Great Western Railway]]'s depot at [[Swindon Works]], and had been recruited with a brief to replace the LMS's miscellany of locomotives inherited from its constituent companies. He made extensive use of Great Western features in his designs.

To match the power and speed and especially the prestige of the [[London and North Eastern Railway]]'s express Pacific locomotives, Stanier designed the Princess Royal class almost as soon as he was appointed to the LMS. When originally built, they were used to haul the famous ''[[Royal Scot (train)|Royal Scot]]'' train between [[London Euston railway station|London Euston]] and [[Glasgow Central railway station|Glasgow Central]].

==Design==
The class was based on [[GWR 111 The Great Bear]], a design produced in 1907 for the Great Western by [[George Jackson Churchward]].<ref>{{harvnb|Tuplin|1969|page=106}}</ref> The smokebox and cylinders were closely based on those of the [[GWR 6000 Class]] (also known as the King Class).<ref name=Tuplin107>{{harvnb|Tuplin|1969|page=107}}</ref> The inside cylinders were abreast the leading bogied wheels and drove cranks on the leading coupled axle, the outside cylinders were abreast the rear bogie wheels (which made substantial cross-bracing necessary between the cylinders and the locomotive frame) and drove crank pins on the centre coupled axle.<ref>{{harvnb|Tuplin|1969|page=85}}</ref> Each of the four cylinders had its own set of Walschaerts valve gear.

Other minor details, such as corks to close oil boxes, closely followed Great Western practice.

== Construction ==
A prototype batch of three locomotives was to be constructed in 1933. Two were constructed as drawn but the third set of frames was retained as the basis for an experimental [[steam turbine locomotive|turbine locomotive]].<ref name="Nock, Turbomotive construction" >{{harvnb|Nock|page = 114}}</ref><ref name="Raising Steam, Turbomotive" /><!-- Prototypes and the early boiler --><ref name="Rowledge, First two" >{{Cite book
  |title=The LMS Pacifics
  |last=Rowledge  |first=J.W.P. 
  |year=1987
  |publisher=[[David & Charles]]
  |isbn=0-7153-8776-6
  |chapter=3: The Princess Royal Class – The First Two
  |pages=24–35
}}</ref>

=== Turbomotive ===
{{main|LMS Turbomotive}}
The third prototype was constructed with the aid of the Swedish [[Fredrik Ljungström|Ljungstrom]] turbine company and known as the [[LMS Turbomotive|Turbomotive]], although not named. It was numbered 6202, in sequence with the Princess Royals. Although 'generally similar' to the rest of the Princess Royals,<ref name="Nock, Turbomotive construction" /> and 'not all that much different',<ref>{{harvnb|Fryer|1990|page= 165 }}</ref> it used a larger 40 element [[superheater]] to give a higher steam temperature, more suitable for turbine use.<ref name="Raising Steam, Turbomotive" >{{Cite book
  |title=Raising Steam on the LMS
  |last=Cook  |first=A.F.
  |year=1999
  |publisher=[[RCTS]]
  |isbn=0-901115-85-1
  |pages=126–127
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book
  |title=The LMS Pacifics
  |last=Rowledge  |first=J.W.P. 
  |year=1987
  |publisher=[[David & Charles]]
  |isbn=0-7153-8776-6
  |chapter=4: The 'Turbomotive'
  |page=47
}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|This trifurcated superheater design was later used on the [[LMS Coronation Class|Duchess class]].<ref name="Raising Steam, Turbomotive" />|group=note}} This boiler was also domeless as would later be used for the second batch of the Princess Royals. The continuous exhaust of the turbine, rather than the sharper intermittent blast of the piston engine, also required changes to the [[boiler draught|draughting]] and the use of a [[double chimney]].<ref name="Nock, Turbomotive" >{{Cite book
  |title=The British Steam Railway Locomotive
  |volume=II: from 1925 to 1965
  |chapter=9: Unconventional Locomotives 1929–1935
  |publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan]]
  |year=1966
  |isbn=0-7110-0125-1
  |ref={{harvid|Nock}}
  |pages=112–117
}}</ref><ref name="Experiments With Steam, Turbomotive" >{{Cite book
  |title=Experiments With Steam 
  |chapter=18: Stanier's 'Turbomotive'
  |publisher=Patrick Stephens Limited
  |year=1990
  |isbn=1-85260-269-4
  |ref={{harvid|Fryer|1990}}
  |pages=163–171
}}</ref> It entered service in June 1935 on the London–Liverpool service.<ref>{{harvnb|Fryer|1990| page=167 }}</ref>

This ''Turbomotive'' was rebuilt in 1952 with conventional '[[LMS Coronation Class|Coronation]]' cylinders and named ''Princess Anne'', but was soon destroyed in the [[Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash]].<ref name="Experiments With Steam, Turbomotive" />

=== Later production ===
A second batch of eleven locomotives was constructed later.<ref name="Rowledge, 1935 batch" >{{Cite book
  |title=The LMS Pacifics
  |last=Rowledge  |first=J.W.P. 
  |year=1987
  |publisher=[[David & Charles]]
  |isbn=0-7153-8776-6
  |chapter=5: The Princess Royal Class – Modifications, and the 1935 Batch
  |pages=44–51
}}</ref> The first two locomotives of the class to be produced had a firebox combustion volume too small for the grate area, and the subsequent locomotives had enlarged fireboxes.<ref name=Tuplin107/> 

==Accidents and incidents==
{{Main|1948 Winsford railway accident}} 
*On 17 April 1948, a passenger train hauled by locomotive No. 6207 ''Princess Arthur of Connaught'' was halted after a passenger pulled the [[communication cord]]. It was then hit from behind by a postal train, which a signalman's error had allowed into the section, resulting in the deaths of 24 passengers.
*{{Main|Weedon rail crashes#1951 rail crash}} On 21 September 1951, locomotive No. 46207 ''Princess Arthur of Connaught'' was hauling an express passenger train that was derailed at [[Weedon, Northamptonshire]] due to a defective front bogie on the locomotive. Fifteen people were killed and 35 were injured.
*{{Main|Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash}} On 8 October 1952, locomotive [[LMS Turbomotive|No. 46202 ''Princess Anne'']] was one of the locomotives on the 8:00 a.m express from Euston to Liverpool and Manchester, along with [[LMS Jubilee Class]] No. 45637 ''Windward Islands''. ''Princess Anne'' took serious damage in the crash, having the [[Leading wheel|leading bogie]] torn off and main frames buckled, and was scrapped after being deemed uneconomic to repair it.

== Naming ==
Each locomotive was named after a princess, the official name for the class was chosen because [[Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood|Mary, Princess Royal]] was the Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Royal Scots]]. However, the locomotives were known to railwaymen as "Lizzies", after the second example of the class, named for Princess Elizabeth, who later became Queen [[Elizabeth II]]. Later examples of 4-6-2 express passenger locomotive built by the LMS were of the related but larger, [[LMS Coronation Class|Coronation Class]].

== Withdrawal ==
The class was withdrawn in the early 1960s in line with British Railways' modernisation plan.
{{Clear}}

==Details==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! LMS<br />No.
! BR<br />No.
! Name(s)
! Date<br />Built
! Date<br />Withdrawn
! Photograph
! Notes
|-
| 6200
| 46200
| [[Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood|''The Princess Royal'']]
| {{dts|format=dmy|1933|07|27}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1962|11|17}}
| [[File:Stockport LMS Pacific 'The Princess Royal' geograph-2413037-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|150px]]
| Last to be withdrawn.
|-
| [[LMS Princess Royal Class 6201 Princess Elizabeth|6201]]
| 46201
| ''[[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]]''
| {{dts|format=dmy|1933|11|3}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1962|10|20|}}
| [[File:Princess Elizabeth 6201 Tyseley 1 (5870126606).jpg|150px]]
| Preserved.
|-
| [[LMS Princess Royal Class 6203 Princess Margaret Rose|6203]]
| 46203
| ''[[Princess Margaret, Countess of  Snowdon|Princess Margaret Rose]]''
| {{dts|format=dmy|1935|07|1}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1962|10|20}}
| [[File:46203 Princess Margaret Rose.jpg|150px]]
| Preserved. Owned by the [http://www.prclt.co.uk/ Princess Royal Class Locomotive Trust].
|-
| 6204
| 46204
| ''[[Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll|Princess Louise]]''
| {{dts|format=dmy|1935|07|19}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1961|10|7}}
| 
| 
|-
| 6205
| 46205
| ''[[Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg|Princess Victoria]]''
| {{dts|format=dmy|1935|07|24}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1961|11|25}}
| 
| Fitted with modified [[valve gear]] in 1947. Converted back to normal in 1955.
|-
| 6206
| 46206
| ''[[Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein|Princess Marie Louise]]''
| {{dts|format=dmy|1935|08|1}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1962|10|20}}
| [[File:Crewe Glasgow - London express geograph-2709787-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|150px]]
| 
|-
| 6207
| 46207
| ''[[Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife|Princess Arthur of Connaught]]''
| {{dts|format=dmy|1935|08|9}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1961|11|25|}}
| 
| Appeared in the 1930s classic documentary film ''[[No. 6207; A Study in Steel]]'' which showed the production of the locomotive from molten steel to the finished product.
|-
| 6208
| 46208
| ''[[Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein|Princess Helena Victoria]]''
| {{dts|format=dmy|1935|08|16}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1962|10|20|}}
| 
| 
|-
| 6209
| 46209
| ''[[Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom|Princess Beatrice]]''
| {{dts|format=dmy|1935|08|23}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1962|09|29|}}
| [[File:Willesden Junction with Up Wolverhampton express geograph-2413316-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg|150px]]
| 
|-
| 6210
| 46210
| ''[[Princess Patricia of Connaught|Lady Patricia]]''
| {{dts|format=dmy|1935|09|6}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1961|10|7|}}
| 
| 
|-
| 6211
| 46211
| ''[[Maud of Wales|Queen Maud]]''
| {{dts|format=dmy|1935|09|18}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1961|10|7|}}
| 
| 
|-
| 6212
| 46212
| ''[[Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark|Duchess of Kent]]''
| {{dts|format=dmy|1935|10|21}}
| {{dts|format=dmy|1961|10|7|}}
| 
| 
|}

==Preservation==
Two examples, 6201 ''Princess Elizabeth'' and 6203 ''Princess Margaret Rose'' are preserved and both have operated on the mainline in preservation.  They were named after the two children of [[George VI|Prince Albert, Duke of York]] (later King George VI), and his wife, [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Elizabeth, Duchess of York]] (later Queen Elizabeth, and after the king's death, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother).  Princess [[Elizabeth II|Elizabeth Alexandra Mary]] (later [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]]) was seven years old in 1933 when her namesake was built, and [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|Princess Margaret Rose]] was nearly five in July 1935 when her namesake was completed.  At the time, they were third and fourth in line to the throne. 'Princess Margaret Rose' is owned by The Princess Royal Class Locomotive Trust and is on static display at the West Shed Museum, Midland Railway-Butterley, Ripley, Derbyshire.

Note: Loco numbers in bold mean their current number.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Number
! rowspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |Built
! rowspan="2" |Withdrawn
! rowspan="2" |Service Life
! rowspan="2" |Livery
! rowspan="2" |Location
! rowspan="2" |Owners
! rowspan="2" |Status
! rowspan="2" |Mainline Certified
! rowspan="2" |Photograph
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
!LMS
!BR
|-
|align=left|'''[[LMS Princess Royal Class 6201 Princess Elizabeth|6201]]'''
|align=left|46201
|align=left|[[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]]
|align=center|Nov 1933
|align=center|Oct 1962
|align=left|28 Years, 11 Months
|align=left|LMS Crimson Lake (on completion)
|align=center|[[Carnforth MPD]]
|align=center|[https://6201.co.uk/ 6201 Princess Elizabeth Society]
|align=center|Under Overhaul <ref>Work Start's on Lizzie's Overhaul ''Trackside'' issue 27 October 2023 page 6</ref>
|align=center|No, to be certified
|[[File:6201 Princess Elizabeth in Preston.jpg|150px]]
|align=left|Withdrawn July/August 2021 due to cracked firebox.
Mainline Standard overhaul commenced in September 2023.<ref>Work Start's on Lizzie's Overhaul ''Trackside'' issue 27 October 2023 page 6</ref>
|-
|align=left|[[LMS Princess Royal Class 6203 Princess Margaret Rose|6203]]
|align=left|'''46203'''
|align=left|[[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|Princess Margaret Rose]]
|align=center|Jul 1935
|align=center|Oct 1962
|align=left|27 Years, 3 Months
|align=left|BR Crimson Lake, Late Crest
|align=center|[[Midland Railway - Butterley|Butterley]]
|align=center|[http://www.prclt.co.uk/ Princess Royal Class Locomotive Trust]
|align=center|Static Display
|align=center|No
|[[File:LMS 8P 4-6-2 46203 PMR Carlisle 22.09.94R edited-2.jpg|150px]]
|align=left|Last ran in 1996.
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:46201 at Carlisle.jpg|46201 ''Princess Elizabeth'' at Carlisle awaiting scrapping. The locomotive was later preserved.

Image:Princess Margaret Rose at Swanwick - geograph.org.uk - 1041810.jpg|''Princess Margaret Rose'' at Swanwick West Shed in 2006.
</gallery>

== Media ==
* [[:Image:6201 at Langho on Whalley Bank.ogg|6201 at Langho on Whalley Bank]] – sound recording.

== References ==
{{Reflist|group=note|liststyle=lower-roman}}

{{Reflist}}
* Ian Sixsmith ''The Book of the Princess Royal Pacifics'' {{ISBN|1-903266-02-5}}
* Hugh Longworth ''British Railway Steam Locomotives 1948–1968'' {{ISBN|0-86093-593-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Rowledge |first= J.W.P. |year=1975 |title = Engines of the LMS, built 1923–51 | location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford Publishing Company |isbn = 0-902888-59-5}}
* David Hunt, Bob Essery and Fred James ''LMS Locomotive Profiles No. 4: The "Princess Royal" Pacifics''
* {{cite book| last=Tuplin| first=W.A.| title=British Steam since 1900| publisher=Pan Books| location=London| year=1969| isbn=0-330-02721-2| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/britishsteamsinc00pan}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite magazine|title=Busy 'Lizzies'|first1=Ben|last1=Jones|first2=George|last2=Dent|first3=Pat|last3=Hammond|magazine=[[Model Rail]]|pages=20–27|issue=89|date=March 2006|page= |location=Peterborough|publisher=EMAP Active|issn=1369-5118|oclc=173324502}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.6201.co.uk/ 6201 Princess Elizabeth Locomotive Society LTD]
* [http://www.prclt.co.uk/ Princess Royal Locomotive Trust]
* [http://www.railuk.info/steam/getsteam.php?row_id=10758 46201 in the Railuk database]
* [http://www.railuk.info/steam/getsteam.php?row_id=10760 46203 in the Railuk database]
* [http://www.butlinsmemories.com/other/locos.htm Butlins steam locomotives]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YblqWGmIYTg ''6207 A Study In Steel''] at YouTube

{{LMS Locomotives}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:LMS Princess Royal Class| ]]
[[Category:London, Midland and Scottish Railway locomotives|8 Princess Royal]]
[[Category:4-6-2 locomotives]]
[[Category:2′C1′ h4 locomotives]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1933]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Passenger locomotives]]