Editing Lake Merced

{{Infobox body of water
| name              = Lake Merced
| other_name        = {{langx|es|Laguna de Merced}}
| image             = Lake Merced at SFSU.jpg
| caption           =
| location          = [[San Francisco]], [[California]]
| coords            = {{Coord|37.72|-122.495|region:US-CA_type:waterbody_source:placeopedia | display=inline,title}}
| type              = [[Reservoir (water)|Reservoir]]
| inflow            = [[Spring (hydrosphere)|Spring]]
| outflow           =
| catchment         =
| basin_countries   = [[United States]]
| length            =
| width             =
| area              = {{convert|650|acre|-1|abbr=on}}
| depth             =
| max-depth         =
| volume            =
| residence_time    =
| shore             =
| elevation         = {{convert|23|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| reference         = {{gnis|228515}}
| pushpin_map             = California#USA 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = Location of Lake Merced in California, USA.
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| website            = 
|embedded= {{Infobox park |embed=yes
| name = Lake Merced
| photo = 
| photo_width = 
| photo_caption = 
| type = Municipal ([[Parks in San Francisco, California|San Francisco]])
| location = [[San Francisco]]
| area = {{convert|614|acre|km2 sqmi|2}}
| created = 1940s
| visitation_num = 
| status = Open all year
}}
}}
'''Lake Merced''' ({{langx|es|Laguna de Merced}}) is a freshwater [[lake]] located on the [[West Side (San Francisco)|West Side]] of [[San Francisco]], in the southwest corner of the city. It is surrounded by three [[golf]] courses (the private [[Olympic Club]] and [[San Francisco Golf Club]], and the public [[TPC Harding Park]]), as well as residential areas, [[Lowell High School (San Francisco)|Lowell High School]], [[San Francisco State University]], [[Lakeshore Alternative Elementary School]], [[Stonestown Galleria]], [[Fort Funston]] and the [[Pacific Ocean]]. The [[San Francisco Police Department]] shooting range, as well as a now closed [[skeet shooting]] club and the city's [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]] [[Armory (military)|armory]] are also in the area. The lake was also the home of the Lake Merced Sailing Club, now closed, which provided training and racing for local sailors. Currently there is a paddling program operated by [https://campusrec.sfsu.edu/Boathouse#:~:text=We%20currently%20offer%20themed%20paddling,clinics%20starting%20in%20Fall%202023. San Francisco State University] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Boathouse at Lake Merced |url=https://campusrec.sfsu.edu/Boathouse#:~:text=We%20currently%20offer%20themed%20paddling,clinics%20starting%20in%20Fall%202023. |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=[[SFSU]]}}</ref> The lake is home of the Pacific Rowing Club and St. Ignatius College Prep Rowing Team, both competitive rowing programs for San Francisco high school students.

The [[California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment]] (OEHHA) has developed a safe eating [https://oehha.ca.gov/advisories/lake-merced advisory] for Lake Merced based on levels of mercury found in fish caught from this water body.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://oehha.ca.gov/advisories/lake-merced|title=Lake Merced|last=Pham|first=Huyen Tran|date=2017-06-26|work=OEHHA|access-date=2018-06-13|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Francisco_de_Haro,_Alcalde_de_San_Francisco.jpg|thumb|left|[[Francisco de Haro]], 1st [[Alcalde of San Francisco]] (Mayor), purchased [[Rancho Laguna de la Merced]], which included Lake Merced, in 1837.]]
Lake Merced was originally christened '''Laguna de Nuestra Señora de la Merced''' by [[Bruno de Heceta|Captain Don Bruno de Heceta]] in 1775.<ref name=Durham>{{cite book |title=Durham's Place-Names of the San Francisco Bay Area: Includes Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo, Contra Costa, Alameda, Solano & Santa Clara Counties |author=David L. Durham |publisher=Word Dancer Press |year=2001 |page=[https://archive.org/details/durhamsplacename00durh/page/88 88] |isbn=978-1-884995-35-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/durhamsplacename00durh/page/88 }}</ref> Father Pedro Font, while on the [[de Anza Expedition]] to found the [[Presidio of San Francisco]] in March, 1776 wrote in his diary, "we saw a grove of live oaks near which is the Laguna de la Merced, where Captain Ribera stopped; and here we saw many bears ([[Grizzly bear|California Grizzly Bear]])..."<ref>{{cite book |title=Expanded Diary of Pedro Font |author=Pedro Font |url=http://anza.uoregon.edu/Action.lasso?-database=fontex&-layout=standard&-op=eq&pg2=180&-response=format/fontexpg2fmt.html&-maxRecords=1000&-noresultserror=/sorry.html&-search |access-date=2011-01-30 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717201519/http://anza.uoregon.edu/Action.lasso?-database=fontex&-layout=standard&-op=eq&pg2=180&-response=format/fontexpg2fmt.html&-maxRecords=1000&-noresultserror=/sorry.html&-search |url-status=dead }}</ref>

At approximately 11pm of November 22, 1852, a shock was reported to have occurred by those in the areas around the Lake<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Youd, T. L. |author-link1=T. Leslie Youd |author2=Hoose, S. N. | title=Historic Ground Failures in Northern California Triggered by Earthquakes | publisher=United States Geological Survey | url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1978/pp0993/pp993_text.pdf | date=1978 | access-date=2013-11-23}}</ref> and the following day reports were made that "...a fissure half a mile wide and three hundred yards long was discovered, through which the waters of Lake Merced were flowing to the sea."  The most probable cause of the shock was attributed to heavy rains forcing a passage through the sandbank at the north-west. The Lake is reported to have lost {{convert|30|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} of water. A map from 1881 shows that the Lake still had a passage to sea, 29 years later.<ref name="David Rumsey's Map Collection">{{cite web|url=http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~26035~1100417?id=1-1-26035-1100417&name=Bancroft%2527s+Official+Guide+Map+Of+City+And+County+Of+San+Francisco |title = Bancroft's Official Guide Map Of City And County Of San Francisco. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection}}</ref>

Once owned by [[Francisco De Haro]], first [[Alcalde]] of [[Yerba Buena, California|Yerba Buena]], as part of the [[Rancho Laguna de la Merced|Galindo ranch]], the [[Spring Valley Water Company]] bought the water rights for the Lake in 1868, and the surrounding watershed in successive years.<ref>{{cite journal | author1=Sara Marcellino | author2=Brandon Jebens | title=The History of Human Use at Lake Merced | publisher=San Francisco State University | url=http://online.sfsu.edu/bholzman/LakeMerced/landuse.htm | date=24 May 2001 | access-date=2013-09-18 | archive-date=2019-05-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524133106/http://online.sfsu.edu/bholzman/LakeMerced/landuse.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> By purchasing all local supply, the company created a monopoly on San Francisco's water. It was not until 1908, when the city approved construction of [[O'Shaughnessy Dam (California)|O'Shaughnessy Dam]] creating the [[Hetch Hetchy Reservoir]] in the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] mountain range, that the city gained municipal control. Prior to the construction of the dam, Lake Merced was to serve as the city's main reservoir, with plans to expand the lake into land that is now the [[San Francisco State University]] campus. Around this time, Spring Valley sold off some of its land on Lake Merced, making way for the golf courses that exist today. In 1940, [[Metropolitan Life Insurance Company|Metropolitan Life]] bought the last of Spring Valley's land to build the [[Parkmerced, San Francisco, California|Parkmerced]] apartment complex.

==Ecology==
[[File:Foggy morning at Lake Merced.jpg|Foggy Morning at Lake Merced.|upright=3.6|thumb|center|600px]]
The lake is fed by an underground spring, and at one time it did have an outlet to the ocean as shown on an 1869 United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Map.<ref name=Durham/> The [[salt]] level was always fluctuating, and therefore some species of [[fish]] which inhabit the lake are salt and freshwater adapted. {{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} There is active recreational fishing at the lake.
The lake's water level had been shrinking for decades, endangering the historic role of Lake Merced to support a healthy [[ecosystem]].<ref>{{cite journal | author1=Vivian Matuk | author2=Nick Salcedo | title=Lake Merced Hydrology and Water Quality | publisher=San Francisco State University | url=http://online.sfsu.edu/bholzman/LakeMerced/water.htm | date=17 July 2001 | access-date=2012-10-09 | archive-date=2019-05-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513004046/http://online.sfsu.edu/bholzman/LakeMerced/water.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>  Due to better management of the aquifer and occasional additions of water, lake level has been rising since 1990.<ref name="Vorster">{{Cite web |date=2016-03-04 |title=Lake Merced Level Fluctuations |url=http://explore.museumca.org/creeks/1700-OBDCPix4.html |access-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001521/http://explore.museumca.org/creeks/1700-OBDCPix4.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> The only natural freshwater lakes in San Francisco are [[Pine Lake (San Francisco)|Pine Lake]], Lake Merced, and [[Mountain Lake Park|Mountain Lake]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marcellino |first1=Sara |title=San Francisco Lakes - |url=https://baynature.org/article/san-francisco-lakes/ |website=Bay Nature |access-date=1 June 2022 |date=April 1, 2003}}</ref>

[[File:Lake Merced Park, Fort Funston, and SF Zoo.jpg|thumb|upright 1.6|Aerial view of Lake Merced Park, [[Fort Funston]], and the [[San Francisco Zoo]]]]

==Famous duel==

On September 13, 1859, Chief Justice of the [[California Supreme Court]] [[David S. Terry]] killed [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] [[David C. Broderick]] in a [[Broderick–Terry duel|duel]] at the lake.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Hittell | first = Theodore Henry | title = History of California | volume = iv | publisher = N. J. Stone & Company | date = 1898 | location = San Francisco, California | pages = 224 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DuctAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA224 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area}}
*[[49-Mile Scenic Drive]]
*[[List of lakes in the San Francisco Bay Area]]
*[[Rancho Laguna de la Merced]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.museumca.org/creeks/1700-RescMerced.html ''Guide to San Francisco Bay Area Creeks'' – Lake Merced] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829234311/http://www.museumca.org/creeks/1700-RescMerced.html |date=2008-08-29 }}
*[https://www.flickr.com/groups/76876908@N00/ ''Lake Merced Flickr group'' – Pictures of Lake Merced on Flickr]

{{San Francisco}}

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[[Category:Lakes of San Francisco|Merced]]
[[Category:Parks in San Francisco]]
[[Category:Reservoirs in California|Merced]]
[[Category:Bay Area Ridge Trail]]