Editing Langley Research Center

{{short description|NASA field center}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2014}}{{Use mdy dates|date = September 2019}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name     = NASA Langley Research Center
| nativename      = 
| nativename_a    = 
| nativename_r    = 
| logo            = NASA logo.svg
| logo_width      = 100px
| seal            = 
| seal_width      = 140px
| picture         = NASA Langley Research Center aerial view (2011).jpg
| picture_caption = Aerial view of the Langley Research Center in December 2011
| formed          = 1917
| preceding1      = Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory ([[National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics|NACA]])
| jurisdiction    = [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. Federal Government]]
| headquarters    = [[Hampton, Virginia]], U.S.
| employees       = 1,821 (2017)
| budget          = 
| chief1_name     = Dawn Schaible
| chief1_position = Acting Center Director
| chief2_name     = Dr. Trina Chytka Dyal
| chief2_position = Deputy Director
| parent_agency   = [[NASA]]
| website         = {{url|https://nasa.gov/langley/}}
| footnotes       = <ref name="Short name" /><ref name="Employees, Hist, LaRC">{{cite web |title=FY 2017 Agency Financial Report |url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/afr_fy2017_final_11_15_17.pdf |website=NASA |access-date=1 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101215321/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/afr_fy2017_final_11_15_17.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2018|pages=10, 24, 146 |date=15 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Clayton Turner" />
| map             = NASA Langley Research Center Map.jpg
| map_width       = 180px
| map_caption     = Map of NASA Langley Research Center
}}

The '''Langley Research Center''' ('''LaRC''' or '''NASA Langley'''), located in [[Hampton, Virginia]], near the [[Chesapeake Bay]] front of [[Langley Air Force Base]], is the oldest of [[NASA]]'s [[NASA facilities#List of field centers|field centers]].<ref name="Short name">{{cite web|author1=Bob Allen|title=Dr. David E. Bowles, Director, NASA Langley Research Center|url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/langley/dr-david-e-bowles|website= NASA Langley Research Center|access-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180101212313/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/langley/dr-david-e-bowles|archive-date=1 January 2018|date=17 December 2015|quote=NASA Langley, founded in 1917, is the Nation's first civilian aeronautical research facility and NASA's oldest field center.|url-status=dead}}</ref> LaRC has focused primarily on [[Aeronautics|aeronautical]] research but has also tested space hardware such as the [[Apollo Lunar Module]]. In addition, many of the earliest high-profile space missions were planned and designed on-site. Langley was also considered a potential site for NASA's [[Manned Spacecraft Center]] prior to the eventual selection of [[Houston]], Texas.<ref name="Korsgaard">{{cite news |last=Korsgaard |first=Sean |title=Williamsburg recalls watching Apollo 11 and helping crew get there |url=https://www.vagazette.com/news/va-vg-moon-landing-anniversary-0717-story.html#nt=oft12aH-1gp5 |access-date=24 July 2019 |work=Virginia Gazette, Daily Press |publisher=[[Tribune Media]] |date=20 July 2019 |archive-date=July 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724133658/https://www.vagazette.com/news/va-vg-moon-landing-anniversary-0717-story.html#nt=oft12aH-1gp5 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Established in 1917 by the [[National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics]] (NACA), the research center devotes two-thirds of its programs to aeronautics and the rest to [[outer space|space]]. LaRC researchers use more than 40 [[wind tunnel]]s to study and improve [[aircraft]] and [[spacecraft]] safety, performance, and efficiency. Between 1958 and 1963, when NASA (the successor agency to NACA) started [[Project Mercury]], LaRC served as the main office of the [[Space Task Group]].

In September 2019, after previously serving as associate director and deputy director, Clayton P. Turner was appointed director of NASA Langley.<ref name="Clayton Turner">{{cite web |author1=Samuel McDonald|title=Clayton P. Turner, Director, NASA Langley Research Center |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/langley/clayton-p-turner-director-nasa-langley-research-center|website= NASA Langley Research Center |access-date=6 February 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200206144315/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/langley/clayton-p-turner-director-nasa-langley-research-center|archive-date=6 February 2020|date=1 September 2019|quote=Clayton Turner is the Director of NASA's Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia. Turner has served the agency for more than 29 years. He has held several roles at NASA Langley, including systems engineer, Chief Engineer, Engineering Director, Associate Center Director, and Deputy Center Director.}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Langley Research Center aircraft - EL-1996-00055.jpeg|thumb|A variety of research aircraft at NASA Langley in 1994]]

After U.S.-German relations had deteriorated from neutral to hostile around 1916, the prospect of [[American entry into World War I|U.S. war entry]] became possible. On February 15, 1917, the newly established [[Aviation Week & Space Technology|''Aviation Week'']] warned that the [[Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps|U.S. military aviation]] capability was less than what was operating in the [[World War I|European war]].<ref>[http://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19170215 Aviation & Aeronautical Engineering], February 15, 1917</ref> President [[Woodrow Wilson]] sent [[Jerome Clarke Hunsaker|Jerome Hunsaker]] to Europe to investigate, and Hunsaker's report prompted Wilson to command the creation of the nation's first aeronautics laboratory, which became NASA Langley.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://aviationweek.com/defense/aviation-week-s-warning-and-founding-nasa-langley |title=Aviation Week's Warning and the Founding of NASA Langley |author=Joe Anselmo |publisher=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]] |date=February 17, 2017|access-date=March 7, 2017}}</ref> <!--war in April 1917 [[American_entry_into_World_War_I#Germany]] -->

In 1917, less than three years after it was created, the [[NACA]] established the '''Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory''' on [[Langley Air Force Base|Langley Field]]. Both '''Langley Field and the Langley Laboratory''' are named after aviation pioneer [[Samuel Pierpont Langley]].<ref name="vp110905">{{cite news |first=Diane |last=Tennant |work=[[The Virginian-Pilot]] |title=What's in a name? NASA Langley Research Center |url=http://hamptonroads.com/2011/09/whats-name-nasa-langley-research-center |date=September 5, 2011 |access-date=September 5, 2011}}</ref> The [[Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps]] had established a base there earlier that same year. The first research facilities were in place and aeronautical research was started by 1920. Initially, the laboratory included four researchers and 11 technicians.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://history.nasa.gov/monograph12/ch3.htm | title = Journey in Aeronautical Research: a Career at NASA-Langley Research Center, ch. 3 | publisher = NASA}}</ref>

[[File:14x22 Subsonic Tunnel NASA Langley.jpg|left|thumb|200px|LaRC's {{convert|14|x|22|ft|adj=on}} subsonic [[wind tunnel]]]]
Langley Field and NACA began parallel growth as air power proved its utility during [[World War I]]. The center was originally established to explore the field of aerodynamic research involving airframe and propulsion engine design and performance. In 1934 the world's largest wind tunnel was constructed at Langley Field with a {{convert|30|x|60|ft|adj=on}} test section; it was large enough to test full-scale aircraft.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=uSgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA26 "Faster, Safer Planes, Developed In Biggest Wind Tunnels"] ''Popular Science'', April 1934</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wt8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA520 "Full-Size Planes Tested In Big Air Tunnel"] ''Popular Mechanics'', April 1935, pp. 520–521</ref> It remained the world's largest wind tunnel until the 1940s, when a {{convert|40|x|80|ft|adj=on}} tunnel was built at NASA's [[Ames Research Center]] in California.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Research/facilities/windtunnels.html |title=40 X 80 and 80 X 120 Foot Wind Tunnels |website=Rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov |access-date=2016-02-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210532/http://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Research/facilities/windtunnels.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>

The [[West Area Computers]] were [[African American]], female [[mathematician]]s who worked as [[human computer]]s at the Langley Research Center from 1943 through 1958.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/amst_humancomp/|title=Human Computers at Nasa}}</ref> The West Computers were originally subject to Virginia's [[Jim Crow laws]] and got their name because they worked at Langley's West Area, while the white mathematicians worked in the East section.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Fighting FOR Visibility|last=Haynes|first=Korey|date=February 2017|work=Astronomy|issue=2|volume=45|pages=44–49|issn=0091-6358}}</ref>

Early in 1945, the center expanded to include rocket research, leading to the establishment of [[Wallops Flight Facility|a flight station]] at [[Wallops Island, Virginia]]. A further expansion of the research program permitted Langley Research Center to orbit payloads, starting with NASA's [[Explorer 9]] [[balloon satellite]] in mid-February 1961. As rocket research grew, aeronautics research continued to expand and played an important part when subsonic flight was advanced and supersonic and hypersonic flight were introduced.{{citation needed|date=November 2011}}

Langley Research Center claims many historic firsts, some of which have proven to be revolutionary scientific breakthroughs. These accomplishments include: Development of the concept of research aircraft leading to supersonic flight, the world's first transonic wind tunnel, training the first crews of astronauts, the [[Lunar landing|Lunar Landing]] Facility which provides the simulation of lunar gravity, and the Viking program for Mars exploration.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://gis.larc.nasa.gov/historic | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090713112421/http://gis.larc.nasa.gov/historic/ | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2009-07-13 | title = NASA Langley History and Description: Initial Activities | publisher = NASA LaRC Master Plan}}</ref> The center also developed standards for the grooving of aircraft runways based on a previous British design used at [[Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=McGuire|first1=R.C.|title=REPORT ON GROOVED RUNWAY EXPERIENCE AT WASHINGTON NATIONAL AIRPORT|url=https://archive.org/details/nasa_techdoc_19690011108|website=Internet Archive|date=January 1969 |publisher=Federal Aviation Administration|access-date=5 February 2017}}</ref> [[Landing performance#Runway surface|Grooved runways]] reduce [[aquaplaning]] which permits better grip by aircraft tires in heavy rain. This grooving is now the international standard for all runways around the world.

Langley was also a contender for the site of [[Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center|NASA Mission Control]], prior to the eventual selection of Houston, due to Langley's prominence with NASA at the time, the large existing aerospace industry already present in the Hampton Roads region, and the proximity to Washington, D.C. The selection of Houston actually took many higher-ups at Langley by surprise and caused some lingering controversy in the surrounding area over the loss and transfer of so many jobs to Houston. Though they had lost out on the Manned Spacecraft Center, Langley still played an important role in conducting research and training during the Apollo Program.<ref name="Korsgaard"/>

==Departments==
===Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate===
[[File:SACD-NASA.png|thumb|right|Logo of the Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate]]
The Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate solves problems associated with aeronautics, exploration, and science by analyzing advanced aerospace system concepts for NASA decision makers and programs. The directorate is further broken down into four branches as follows:
*Aeronautics Systems Analysis
**Creates advanced concepts and technologies to improve the study of aeronautics.
*Space Mission Analysis – Exploration
**Enables decision making for complex space systems, architecture, and portfolios, primarily focusing on human exploration.
*Space Mission Analysis – Science and Technology
**Enables decision making for complex space systems, architecture, and portfolios, primarily focusing on remote exploration.
*Vehicle Analysis 
**Designs revolutionary aircraft and launch vehicles. 

==Aeronautics==
[[File:Wind tunnel x-43.jpg|thumb|Full-scale model of the [[NASA X-43|X-43]] [[spaceplane]] in Langley Research Center's {{convert|8|ft|m|0|adj=on}} high temperature wind tunnel]]

Langley Research Center performs critical research on aeronautics, including [[Wake turbulence|wake]] [[vortex]] behavior, [[fixed-wing aircraft]], [[rotary wing aircraft]], [[aviation safety]], [[human factors]] and [[aerospace engineering]]. LaRC supported the design and testing of the [[hypersonic]] [[NASA X-43|X-43]], which achieved a [[Guinness World Records|world speed record]] of {{convert|9.6|Mach}}. LaRC assisted the NTSB in the investigation of the crash of [[American Airlines Flight 587]].<ref name="nasa.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/missions/research/x43-main.html |title=NASA – Hypersonic X-43A Takes Flight |website=Nasa.gov |access-date=2016-02-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gis.larc.nasa.gov/historic/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713112421/http://gis.larc.nasa.gov/historic/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-07-13 |title=NASA Cultural Resources (CRGIS) – NasaCRgis |website=Gis.larc.nasa.gov |date=2015-08-04 |access-date=2016-02-14}}</ref>

Work began in July 2011 to remove the 1940s era {{convert|16|ft}} transonic wind tunnel. The facility supported development and propulsion integration research for many military aircraft including all fighters since 1960 ([[F-14]], [[F-15 Eagle|F-15]], [[F-16]], [[F-18]] and the [[Joint Strike Fighter]]) but had been inactive since 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailypress.com/news/science/dead-rise-blog/dp-tearing-down-nasa-langleys-16foot-transonic-wind-tunnel-20110708,0,6972782.story |title=Tearing down NASA Langley's 16-foot transonic wind tunnel |publisher=Daily Press |date=2011-07-08 |access-date=2016-02-14 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110711072541/http://www.dailypress.com:80/news/science/dead-rise-blog/dp-tearing-down-nasa-langleys-16foot-transonic-wind-tunnel-20110708,0,6972782.story |archive-date=2011-07-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Langley retained transonic wind tunnel testing capabilities facilities in the [[National Transonic Facility]], a high pressure, cryogenically cooled {{convert|8.2|ft}} closed loop wind tunnel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeronautics.nasa.gov/atp/facilities/ntf/index.html|title=National Transonic Facility|access-date=November 14, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017175206/http://www.aeronautics.nasa.gov/atp/facilities/ntf/index.html|archive-date=October 17, 2011}}</ref>

==Fabrication research and development==
[[File:NASA LRC Materials Research Lab.jpg|center|thumb|800px|LRC materials research lab]]

===Plastic fabrication===
LaRC also houses a large collection of various inexpensive plastic reformation machines. These machines are used in the [[Free Form Fabrication|freeform fabrication]] department for faster timing, better precision, and larger quantities of low-cost toys, [[Physical model|model]], and industrial plastic parts. The fabrication of plastic parts is similar to the EBF³ process but with a thin, grated [[heating element]] as its melting apparatus. Both are run by CAD data and deal with various freeform fabrication of raw materials.

==Astronautics==

=== Moon ===
[[File:Nasa langley test gantry.jpg|thumb|Gantry used in lunar landing training as well as testing of land-based landings of the [[Orion spacecraft]]]]

Since the start of [[Project Gemini]], Langley was a center for training of [[Space rendezvous|rendezvous]] in space. In 1965, Langley opened the [[Lunar Landing Research Facility]] for simulations of Moon landings with a mock [[Apollo Lunar Module]] suspended from a gantry over a simulated lunar landscape. There was experimental work on some [[Lunar Landing Research Vehicle]]s (LLRV).

=== Mars ===
Langley Research Center supported NASA's mission with the designing of a spacecraft for a landing on Mars. (see the [[Mars Exploration Rover]].)

===Earth science===
Langley Research Center conducts [[Earth science]] research to support NASA's mission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Langley Earth Science Research |url= https://www.nasa.gov/specials/nasalangley100/project11.html#:~:text=NASA%20Langley%27s%20Science%20Directorate%20studies,and%20our%20quality%20of%20life.|access-date=2023-02-17 |website= nasa.gov}}</ref>

==List of center directors==
The following persons had served as the Langley Research Center director:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/langley/langley-center-directors/ |title=Meet the Center Directors of NASA Langley, Past and Present |first1=Julia L. |last1=Bradshaw |first2=Angelique |last2=Herring |publisher=NASA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/history/historic-personnel/#centers |title=Personnel |publisher=NASA}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
|-
!{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!Image
!Director
!Start
!End
!Notes
|-
|1
|
|Leigh M. Griffith
|November 1, 1922
|December 31, 1925
|Engineer-in-Charge, NACA LMAL
|-
|rowspan="4"|2
|rowspan="4"|[[File:Director at the Langley Research Center Henry J. E. Reid.jpg|75px]]
|rowspan="4"|Henry J. E. Reid
|January 1, 1926
|June 1947
|Engineer-in-Charge, NACA LMAL
|-
|June 1947
|May 1948
|Director, NACA LMAL
|-
|May 1948
|October 1, 1958
|Director, NACA LAL
|-
|October 1, 1958
|May 20, 1960
|Director<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/people/henry-j-e-reid/ |title=Henry J.E. Reid |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
|-
|3
|[[File:Director at the Langley Research Center Floyd LaVerne Thompson.jpg|75px]]
|Floyd LaVerne Thompson
|May 23, 1960
|May 1, 1968
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/langley/floyd-l-thompson/ |title=Floyd L. Thompson |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
|-
|4
|[[File:Edgar Maurice Cortright.jpg|70px]]
|[[Edgar M. Cortright]]
|May 1, 1968
|nowrap|September 26, 1975
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/people/edgar-m-cortright/ |title=Edgar M. Cortright |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
|-
|5
|[[File:Director at the Langley Research Center Donald P. Hearth.jpg|75px]]
|Donald P. Hearth
|nowrap|September 26, 1975
|November 30, 1984
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/people/dr-donald-p-hearth/ |title=Dr. Donald P. Hearth |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
|-
|6
|
|Richard H. Petersen
|December 3, 1984
|December 2, 1991
|
|-
|7
|
|Paul F. Holloway
|October 15, 1991
|August 2, 1996
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/paul-f-holloway/ |title=Paul F. Holloway |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
|-
|8
|[[File:Director at the Langley Research Center Jeremiah F. Creedon.jpg|75px]]
|Jeremiah F. Creedon
|August 5, 1996
|June 15, 2002
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/people/dr-jeremiah-f-creedon/ |title=Dr. Jeremiah F. Creedon |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|Acting
|
|nowrap|Delma C. Freeman, Jr.
|June 15, 2002
|June 13, 2003
|
|-
|9
|[[File:Roy Bridges.jpg|70px]]
|[[Roy D. Bridges Jr.]]
|June 13, 2003
|October 3, 2005
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/people/roy-d-bridges-jr/ |title=Roy D. Bridges, Jr. |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
|-
|10
|[[File:Lesa Roe official portrait.png|70px]]
|[[Lesa B. Roe]]
|October 3, 2005
|April 28, 2014
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/langley/lesa-b-roe/ |title=Lesa B. Roe |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
|-
|11
|[[File:Steve Jurczyk official photo.jpg|70px]]
|[[Stephen G. Jurczyk]]
|April 28, 2014
|March 1, 2015
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/langley/langley-research-center-director-stephen-g-jurczyk/ |title=Stephen G. Jurczyk |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
|-
|12
|[[File:Director at the Langley Research Center David E. Bowles.jpg|70px]]
|David E. Bowles
|March 2, 2015
|September 30, 2019
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/langley/dr-david-e-bowles-director-nasa-langley-research-center/ |title=Dr. David E. Bowles |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
|-
|13
|[[File:Associate Administrator for the Space Technology Mission Directorate Clayton P. Turner.jpg|70px]]
|Clayton P. Turner
|September 30, 2019
|July 15, 2024
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/people/clayton-p-turner/ |title=Clayton P. Turner |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|Acting
|[[File:Deputy Director at the Glenn Research Center Dawn M. Schaible.jpg|70px]]
|Dawn Schaible
|July 16, 2024
|February 22, 2025
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/people/biography-dawn-m-schaible/ |title=Dawn M. Schaible |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#e6e6aa"
|Acting
|[[File:Acting Director at the Langley Research Center Trina M. Dyal.jpg|70px]]
|Trina Dyal
|February 22, 2025
|present
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/people/dr-trina-dyal/ |title=Trina Dyal |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards==
LRC scientists and engineers have won the [[Collier Trophy]] five times, listed below.

* 1929: for the development of the [[NACA cowling]], a low-drag cowling for radial air-cooled aircraft engines.
* 1946: to [[Lewis A. Rodert]], [[Lawrence D. Bell]] and [[Chuck Yeager]] for the development of an efficient wing deicing system.
* 1947: to [[John Stack (engineer)|John Stack]] of the then Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory for research to determine the physical laws affecting supersonic flight. Lawrence D. Bell and Chuck Yeager also shared in this trophy for their work on supersonic flight.
* 1951: to John Stack for the development and use of the slotted-throat wind tunnel.
* 1954: to [[Richard T. Whitcomb]] for the development of the [[Whitcomb area rule]], according to the citation, a "powerful, simple, and useful method of reducing greatly the sharp increase in wing drag heretofore associated with transonic flight, and which constituted a major factor requiring great reserves of power to attain supersonic speeds."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/LaRC_History.html |title=Exploring NASA's Roots – The History of the Langley Research Center &#124; NASA |website= Nasa.gov |date=1992-12-31 |access-date=2016-02-14}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Aerospace engineering]]
* [[NASA facilities|NASA field centers and other facilities]]
* [[TsAGI]] - Russia's equivalent test center and research institute
* [[Hidden Figures]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Langley Research Center}}
* [http://www.nasa.gov/langley Langley Research Center website]
* [https://crgis.ndc.nasa.gov/historic/Langley_Archives_Collection Langley Archives Collection] at Cultural Resources Geographical Information Systems (CRGIS), NASA
* [https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4308/sp4308.htm James R. Hansen: ''Spaceflight Revolution: NASA Langley Research Center from Sputnik to Apollo'' (NASA SP-4308, 1995)]
* [https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4316.pdf ''Crafting Flight: Aircraft Pioneers and the Contributions of the Men and Women of NASA Langley Research Center'' (NASA SP-2003-4316)]
* [https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4305/sp4305.htm ''Engineer in Charge: A History of the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory,1917–1958'' (NASA SP-4305, 1987)]
* [https://history.nasa.gov/monograph12/monograph12.htm ''Journey in Aeronautical Research: a Career at NASA-Langley Research Center'', Monographs in Aerospace History No. 12]
*[[Historic American Engineering Record]] documentation (all located in Hampton, Independent City, VA):
**{{HAER |survey=VA-118-A |id=va1794 |title=NASA Langley Research Center, Full-Scale Wind Tunnel, 224 Hunting Avenue (Building No. 643) |photos=27 |dwgs=2 |data=36 |cap=4 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=VA-118-B |id=va1795 |title=NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot High Speed Wind Tunnel, 641 Thornell Avenue (Building No. 641) |photos=29 |dwgs=1 |data=44 |cap=4 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=VA-118-C |id=va1796 |title=NASA Langley Research Center, Seaplane Towing Channel, 108 Andrews Street (Building No. 720) |photos=25 |dwgs=2 |data=25 |cap=3 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=VA-118-D |id=va1899 |title=NASA Langley Research Center, 8-Foot Transonic Pressure Tunnel, 640 Thornell Avenue (Building No. 640) |photos=12 |data=16 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=VA-118-E |id=va1979 |title=NASA Langley Research Center, 16-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel, 11 West Taylor Street (Building No. 1146) |photos=15 |data=17 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=VA-118-F |id=va1980 |title=NASA Langley Research Center, 7- x 10-Foot High Speed Wind Tunnel, 11 West Taylor Street (Building No. 1212B) |photos=9 |data=9 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=VA-118-H |id=va2093 |title=NASA Langley Research Center, Two-Dimensional Low Turbulence Pressure Tunnel, 582A Thornell Avenue (Building No. 582A) |photos=19 |data=24 |cap=2 |link=no}}
{{Hampton, Virginia}}
{{NASA centers|state=expanded}}
{{NASA navbox}}
{{Authority control}}

{{coord|37.0925|-76.3825|type:landmark_region:US-VA|display=title}}

[[Category:Langley Research Center| ]]
[[Category:Aerospace research institutes]]
[[Category:Aviation research institutes]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hampton, Virginia]]
[[Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Virginia]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Hampton, Virginia]]
[[Category:Space technology research institutes]]
[[Category:Superfund sites in Virginia]]
[[Category:1917 establishments in Virginia]]
[[Category:NASA research centers]]