Editing Langres

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{short description|Subprefecture and commune in Grand Est, France}}
{{About|the French commune|the cheese|Langres cheese}}

{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Langres
|commune status     = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]]
|image              = Langres 121008 2.jpg 
|image flag         = Flag of Langres.gif
|caption            = View of Langres from the southeast
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Langres (Haute-Marne).svg
|arrondissement     = Langres
|canton             = Langres
|INSEE              = 52269
|postal code        = 52200
|mayor              = Anne Cardinal<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
|term               = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality   = Grand Langres
|coordinates        = {{coord|47.8633|5.3339|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m        = 475
|elevation min m    = 327
|elevation max m    = 475
|area km2           = 22.33
|population         = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}

'''Langres''' ({{IPA|fr|lɑ̃ɡʁ|-|Fr-Paris--Langres.ogg}}) is a [[commune in France|commune]] in northeastern [[France]]. It is a [[Subprefectures in France|subprefecture]] of the [[Departments of France|department]] of [[Haute-Marne]], in the [[Regions of France|region]] of [[Grand Est]].

==History==
As the capital of the Romanized [[Gauls|Gallic]] tribe known as the [[Lingones]], it was called Andematunnum, then Lingones, and now Langres.

A hilltop town, Langres was built on a [[limestone]] promontory of the same name. This stronghold was originally occupied by the Lingones. At a later date the Romans fortified the town, which they called Andemantunum, located at a strategic crossroads of twelve [[Roman road]]s.{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} The first-century [[Triumphal Gate]] and the many artefacts exhibited in the museums are remnants of the town's [[Gallo-Roman]] history. After the period of invasions, the town prospered in the [[Middle Ages]], due in part to the growing political influence of its bishops. The diocese covered [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]], the [[Duchy of Burgundy]], and [[Franche-Comté]], and the bishops obtained the right to coin money in the ninth century and to name the military governor of the city in 927. The [[Bishop of Langres]] was a [[Peerage of France|duke and peer of France]]. The troubled 14th and 15th centuries caused the town to strengthen its defenses, which still give the old city its fortified character, and Langres entered a period of royal tutelage. The [[Renaissance]], which returned prosperity to the town, saw the construction of numerous fine civil, religious and military buildings that still stand today. In the 19th century, a "[[Vauban]]" citadel was added.

==Main sights==
Langres has a historic town center surrounded by [[defensive wall]]s with a dozen towers and seven gates.

The [[Langres Cathedral|cathedral of Saint-Mammès]] is a late 12th-century structure dedicated to [[Mammes of Caesarea]], a 3rd-century martyr.

==Culture==
Langres is home to producers of an [[Appellation d'origine contrôlée|AOC]]-protected [[Langres (cheese)|cheese]] of the same name.  It is a soft, pungent cow's milk cheese that is known for its rind, which is washed.

The town was long known for its cutlery industry. [[Didier Diderot]], father of encyclopedist [[Denis Diderot|Denis]], was a cutler.<ref>{{cite book |last= Génin|first= M.F.|date= 1862|title= Œuvres choisies de Diderot, précédées de sa vie|trans-title= Selected Works of Diderot, Prefaced with his Biography|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=v1QaAAAAYAAJ&q=profession+de+coutelier&pg=PAI|language= fr|location= Paris|publisher= Librairie de Firmin Didot Frères, Fils et Compagnie}}</ref>

A museum called the [[Denis Diderot House Of Enlightenment (France)|Denis Diderot House of Enlightenment]] opened in 2013. This museum, set up in a private mansion from the 16th and 18th centuries, is dedicated to the philosopher [[Denis Diderot]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maison des Lumières Denis Diderot {{!}} Musées de Langres - Maison des Lumières Denis Diderot - Musée d'Art et d'Histoire|url=https://www.musees-langres.fr/maison-des-lumieres-denis-diderot/|access-date=2022-01-24|website=www.musees-langres.fr}}</ref>

==Population==
{{Historical populations
|source = INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-52269#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
|percentages = pagr
|align = none
|1968 |11001
|1975 |11437
|1982 |10468
|1990 |9987
|1999 |9586
|2007 |8414
|2012 |7905
|2017 |7731
}}

== Notable people ==
Langres was the birthplace of:
* [[Nicolas Ribonnier]] (ca.1525–1605), Renaissance architect
* [[Jeanne Mance]] (1606–1673), the co-founder of [[Montreal]]
* [[Claude Gillot]] (1673–1722), [[Painting|painter]]
* [[Denis Diderot]] (1713–1784), the philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment, and the editor-in-chief of the ''[[Encyclopédie]]''.
* [[Étienne Jean Bouchu]] (1714–1773), metallurgist and [[Encyclopédistes|Encyclopédiste]]
* [[Nicolas Fallet]] (1746–1801), playwright and journalist 
* [[Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey]] (1804–1892), photographer and draughtsman
* [[Jules Violle]] (1841–1923), [[physicist]] and [[inventor]]
* [[Guy Fréquelin]] (born 1945), rally driver
* [[Thoinot Arbeau|Jean Tabourot]], who went by the pen name [[Thoinot Arbeau]] and wrote ''Orchésographie'', a book on dance and music.

==Climate==
Located in the north-east quarter of France, Langres is under the influence of both an [[oceanic climate]] and a [[humid continental climate]] with no dry season. Winters are cold and snowy (33.4 days of snow per year on average) but interspersed with periods of light thaw and summers are mild and even pleasant with average maximum temperatures around {{convert|23|C|F}}.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location =  Langres, elevation {{convert|466|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1919–present)
|Jan record high C = 14.5
|Feb record high C = 20.4
|Mar record high C = 24.6
|Apr record high C = 26.3
|May record high C = 29.8
|Jun record high C = 35.3
|Jul record high C = 38.8
|Aug record high C = 37.6
|Sep record high C = 33.8
|Oct record high C = 29.2
|Nov record high C = 21.1
|Dec record high C = 15.5
|Jan record low C = -18.1
|Feb record low C = -21.2
|Mar record low C = -13.2
|Apr record low C = -6.6
|May record low C = -2.9
|Jun record low C = 2.5
|Jul record low C = 5.1
|Aug record low C = 5.1
|Sep record low C = 2.1
|Oct record low C = -4.5
|Nov record low C = -10.7
|Dec record low C = -16.4
|Jan high C = 3.9
|Feb high C = 5.7
|Mar high C = 10.3
|Apr high C = 14.2
|May high C = 18.0
|Jun high C = 21.9
|Jul high C = 24.2
|Aug high C = 24.0
|Sep high C = 19.5
|Oct high C = 14.2
|Nov high C = 8.0
|Dec high C = 4.6
| year high C = 14.0
|Jan mean C = 1.6
|Feb mean C = 2.7
|Mar mean C = 6.3
|Apr mean C = 9.7
|May mean C = 13.4
|Jun mean C = 17.0
|Jul mean C = 19.2
|Aug mean C = 19.1
|Sep mean C = 15.1
|Oct mean C = 10.7
|Nov mean C = 5.5
|Dec mean C = 2.4
| year mean C = 10.2
|Jan low C = -0.8
|Feb low C = -0.3
|Mar low C = 2.4
|Apr low C = 5.1
|May low C = 8.8
|Jun low C = 12.1
|Jul low C = 14.1
|Aug low C = 14.2
|Sep low C = 10.6
|Oct low C = 7.3
|Nov low C = 2.9
|Dec low C = 0.1
| year low C = 6.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 78.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 63.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 66.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 59.6
|May precipitation mm = 82.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 69.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 77.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 69.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 65.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 83.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 88.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 91.9
|year precipitation mm = 896.1
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 12.1
| Feb precipitation days = 10.6
| Mar precipitation days = 10.4
| Apr precipitation days = 10.0
| May precipitation days = 11.7
| Jun precipitation days = 9.9
| Jul precipitation days = 9.6
| Aug precipitation days = 9.3
| Sep precipitation days = 9.3
| Oct precipitation days = 11.5
| Nov precipitation days = 12.4
| Dec precipitation days = 13.4
| year precipitation days =130.1
|Jan snow days = 7.6
|Feb snow days = 6.9
|Mar snow days = 5.4
|Apr snow days = 3.2
|May snow days = 0.3
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.3
|Nov snow days = 3.5
|Dec snow days = 6.2
|year snow days = 33.4
|Jan humidity = 90
|Feb humidity = 84
|Mar humidity = 78
|Apr humidity = 72
|May humidity = 74
|Jun humidity = 73
|Jul humidity = 71
|Aug humidity = 74
|Sep humidity = 79
|Oct humidity = 86
|Nov humidity = 89
|Dec humidity = 91
|year humidity = 80.1
|Jan sun = 57.2
|Feb sun = 87.1
|Mar sun = 146.5
|Apr sun = 180.5
|May sun = 199.4
|Jun sun = 219.2
|Jul sun = 234.2
|Aug sun = 222.5
|Sep sun = 175.3
|Oct sun = 113.2
|Nov sun = 62.3
|Dec sun = 50.2
|year sun = 1747.4
|source 1 = Meteociel<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=52269001
|title=Normales et records pour Langres (52) 
|publisher=Meteociel
|access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = Infoclimat.fr (humidity and snowy days, 1961–1990)<ref name=Infoclimat>{{cite web
| url = http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07283-langres.html
| title = Normes et records 1961-1990: Langres (52) - altitude 467m
| language = fr
| publisher = Infoclimat
| access-date = December 31, 2015}}</ref>
}}

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}

Langres is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Beaconsfield]], [[United Kingdom]] - since 1995<ref name="Archant twinning">{{cite web|url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |title=British towns twinned with French towns |access-date=2013-07-11 |work=Archant Community Media Ltd |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |archive-date=2013-07-05 }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Ellwangen]], [[Germany]] - since 1964
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Abbiategrasso]], [[Italy]]

==See also==
*[[Bishopric of Langres]]
* The Langres war memorial has a sculpture by [[Georges Saupique]]

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Langres entry.jpg|Road sign announcing improvements to the Citadel of Langres
File:Langres_-_cathédrale_Saint-Mammès_-_façade_2.jpg|Saint-Mammès Cathedral
File:Langres_-_cathédrale_Saint-Mammès_-_2.jpg|Saint-Mammès Cathedral
File:Langres_-_cathédrale_Saint-Mammès_-_7.jpg|Saint-Mammès Cathedral
File:Langres_-_cathédrale_Saint-Mammès_-_8.jpg|Saint-Mammès Cathedral
File:Langres_-_cathédrale_Saint-Mammès_-_cloitre.jpg|Saint-Mammès Cathedral Cloister
File:Cloitre.Langres.png|Saint-Mammès Cathedral Cloister
File:Langres_-_cathédrale_Saint-Mammès_-_12.jpg|Bas relief at Saint-Mammès Cathedral
File:Langres_-_la_porte_des_Moulins_1.jpg|Moulins Gate
File:Langres_-_la_porte_des_Moulins_2.jpg|Moulins Gate
File:Langres_-_la_porte_des_Moulins_3.jpg|Moulins Gate
File:Langres_-_Remparts_2.jpg|Ramparts of the Citadel
File:Langres_-_Rempats_et_panoramics.jpg|Ramparts and Funicular
File:Langres_-_Tour_Saint-Ferjeux.jpg|Saint-Ferjeux Tower
File:Langres_-_tour_de_Navarre_et_d'Orval.jpg|Navarre and d'Orval Tower
File:Langres_-_tour_de_Navarre_et_d'Orval_-_30.jpg|Navarre and d'Orval Tower
File:Langres_-_tour_de_Navarre_et_d'Orval_-_charpente_2.jpg|Navarre and d'Orval Tower ceiling framework
File:Langres_-_tour_de_Navarre_et_d'Orval_-_cul_de_lampe.jpg|Navarre and d'Orval Tower torch holder
File:Langres_-_tour_de_Navarre_et_d'Orval_-_cule_de_lampe2.jpg|Navarre and d'Orval Tower torch holder
File:Langres_-_tour_de_Navarre_et_d'Orval_-_gargouille.jpg|Navarre and d'Orval Tower gargoyle
File:Langres_-_tour_de_Navarre_et_d'Orval_-_mur_7_metres.jpg|Navarre and d'Orval Tower
File:Langres_-_tour_de_Navarre_et_d'Orval_-_niveau_inferieur.jpg|Navarre and d'Orval Tower
File:Langres_-_tour_de_Navarre_et_d'Orval_-_niveau_intermediaire_2.jpg|Navarre and d'Orval Tower
File:Langres_-_tour_de_Navarre_et_d'Orval_-_puits.jpg|Navarre and d'Orval Tower well
File:Langres_-_tour_de_Navarre_et_d'Orval_-_voute_3_4.jpg|Navarre and d'Orval Tower vaulted arch
File:Langres_-_Ancien_collège_Jésuite.jpg|Former Jesuit College
File:Langres_-_cave_Maison_Renaissance.jpg|Renaissance cellar
File:Ln portehoteldeville 2308.jpg|Entrance to City Hall
File:Langres_-_Denis_Diderot.jpg|Statue of Denis Diderot
File:Langres_-_Maison_Renaissance_2.jpg|Renaissance period mansion
File:Langres_-_maison_renaissance_rue_Saint_Didier.jpg|Renaissance period mansion
File:Langres_-_Square_Claude-Henriot_2.jpg|Henriot Square
File:Langres_-_église_Saint-Martin_2.jpg|Saint-Martin Church
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Langres}}
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08789c.htm ''Catholic Encyclopedia'':] Diocese of Langres
*[http://www.langres.fr/ Langres official website] (in French)

{{Haute-Marne communes}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Communes of Haute-Marne]]
[[Category:Subprefectures in France]]
[[Category:Lingones]]
[[Category:Gallia Lugdunensis]]
[[Category:Champagne (province)]]