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{{Short description|Plant genus in the pea family Fabaceae}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Grass vetchling close 800.jpg |image_caption = [[Lathyrus nissolia|Grass vetchling]] (''Lathyrus nissolia'') |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Lathyrus |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] (1753), nom. cons.<ref name=GRINgenus>{{GRIN genus | name = ''Lathyrus'' | id = 6554 | accessdate = 10 March 2017}}</ref> |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = 181; see text |subdivision_ref = <ref name = powo/> |synonyms = *''Anurus'' {{small|C.Presl (1837)}} *''Aphaca'' {{small|Mill. (1754)}} *''Astrophia'' {{small|Nutt. (1838)}} *''Athyrus'' {{small|Neck. (1790), opus utique oppr.}} *''Cicercula'' {{small|Medik. (1787)}} *''Clymenum'' {{small|Mill. (1754)}} *''Graphiosa'' {{small|Alef. (1861)}} *''Konxikas'' {{small|Raf. (1840)}} *''Lastila'' {{small|Alef. (1861)}} *''Lathyroides'' {{small|Heist. (1759), nom. superfl.}} *''Lathyros'' {{small|St.-Lag. (1880), orth. var.}} *''Menkenia'' {{small|Bubani (1899)}} *''Navidura'' {{small|Alef. (1861)}} *''Nissolia'' {{small|Mill. (1754), nom. rej.}} *''Ochrus'' {{small|Mill. (1754)}} *''Orobus'' {{small|L. (1753)}} *''Oxypogon'' {{small|Raf. (1819)}} *''Pisum'' {{small|L. (1753)}} *''Platystylis'' {{small|Sweet (1828)}} *''Spatulima'' {{small|Raf. (1837)}} *''Vavilovia'' {{small|Fed. (1939)}} |synonyms_ref = <ref name=powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30005985-2 ''Lathyrus'' L.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</ref> }} '''''Lathyrus''''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|æ|θ|ᵻ|r|ə|s}}<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[legume]] family [[Fabaceae]], and contains approximately 160 species. Commonly known as '''peavines''' or '''vetchlings''',<ref name=GRINgenus/> they are [[native species|native]] to [[temperate]] areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Asmussen, C. B |author2=A. Liston.| title= Chloroplast DNA characters, phylogeny, and classification of ''Lathyrus'' (Fabaceae)| journal= American Journal of Botany|date=March 1998 | volume=85| issue=3| pages= 387–401| doi= 10.2307/2446332 | jstor=2446332|pmid=21684923| doi-access=free}}</ref> There are [[Annual plant|annual]] and [[perennial]] species which may be climbing or bushy. This genus has numerous sections, including ''Orobus'', which was once a separate genus.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Fred, Edwin Broun |author2=Baldwin, Ira Lawrence |author3=McCoy, Elizabeth | year = 1932 | title = Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants | publisher = UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press | isbn = 978-1-893311-28-2 | pages =142}}</ref> The genus has numerous synonyms, including ''Pisum'', the ancient [[Latin]] name for the [[pea]].<ref name="gledhill">Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9780521866453}} (hardback), {{ISBN|9780521685535}} (paperback). pp 304</ref> ==Species== [[File:Gleaner-a85.jpg|thumb|right|Harvest of ''[[Lathyrus aphaca]]'' crop]] [[File:Lathyrus aureus0.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus aureus]]'']] [[File:Lathyrus clymenum.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus clymenum]]'']] [[File:Lathyrus davidii 2.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus davidii]]'']] [[File:Lathyrus latifolius C.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus latifolius]]'' 'Pink Pearl']] [[File:Lathyrus nevadensis 0873.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Lathyrus nevadensis]]'' ssp. ''nevadensis'']] [[File:Lathyrus odoratus1.jpg|thumb|''[[Lathyrus odoratus]]'', sweet pea mixture]] [[File:Lathyrus vernus RF.jpg|thumb|''[[Lathyrus vernus]]'', spring pea]] 181 species are currently accepted.<ref name = powo/><ref name=GRINspecies>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6554 GRIN Species Records of ''Lathyrus''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014190520/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6554 |date=2008-10-14 }} Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).</ref> {{Div col}} *''[[Lathyrus acutifolius]]'' {{small|Vogel}} *''[[Lathyrus alamutensis]]'' {{small|Mozaff., Ahavazi & Charkhch.}} *''[[Lathyrus alpestris]]'' {{small|(Waldst. & Kit.) Kit.}} *''[[Lathyrus amphicarpos]]'' {{small|L.}} *''[[Lathyrus angulatus]]'' {{small|L.}} – angled pea *''[[Lathyrus anhuiensis]]'' {{small|Y.J.Zhu & R.X.Meng}} *''[[Lathyrus annuus]]'' {{small|L.}} – red fodder pea *''[[Lathyrus apenninus]]'' {{small|F.Conti}} *''[[Lathyrus aphaca]]'' {{small|L.}} – yellow pea *''[[Lathyrus armenus]]'' {{small|(Boiss. & A.Huet) Čelak.}} *''[[Lathyrus articulatus]]'' {{small|L.}} *''[[Lathyrus atropatanus]]'' {{small|(Grossh.) Širj.}} *''[[Lathyrus aureus]]'' {{small|(G.Lodd. ex Drapiez) D.Brândză}} – golden pea *''[[Lathyrus basalticus]]'' {{small|Rech.f.}} *''[[Lathyrus bauhini]]'' {{small|P.A.Genty}} *''[[Lathyrus belinensis]]'' {{small|Maxted & Goyder}} *''[[Lathyrus berteroanus]]'' {{small|Colla}} *''[[Lathyrus biflorus]]'' {{small|T.W.Nelson & J.P.Nelson}} – twoflower pea *''[[Lathyrus bijugus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Noë}} – drypark pea *''[[Lathyrus binatus]]'' {{small|Pančić}} *''[[Lathyrus bitlisicus]]'' {{small|Peşmen & Güner}} *''[[Lathyrus blepharicarpos]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} – ciliate vetchling *''[[Lathyrus boissieri]]'' {{small|Širj.}} *''[[Lathyrus brachycalyx]]'' {{small|Rydb.}} – Bonneville pea *''[[Lathyrus brachyodon]]'' {{small|Murb.}} *''[[Lathyrus brachypterus]]'' {{small|Čelak.}} *''[[Lathyrus brownii]]'' {{small|Eastw.}} *''[[Lathyrus cabrerianus]]'' {{small|Burkart}} *''[[Lathyrus campestris]]'' {{small|Phil.}} *''[[Lathyrus cassius]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} *''[[Lathyrus caudatus]]'' {{small|C.F.Wei & H.P.Tsui}} *''[[Lathyrus chloranthus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Balansa}} *''[[Lathyrus chrysanthus]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} *''[[Lathyrus cicera]]'' {{small|L.}} – red pea *''[[Lathyrus ciliatidentatus]]'' {{small|Czefr.}} *''[[Lathyrus cilicicus]]'' {{small|Hayek & Siehe}} *''[[Lathyrus ciliolatus]]'' {{small|Sam. ex Rech.f.}} *''[[Lathyrus cirpicii]]'' {{small|Güneş}} *''[[Lathyrus cirrhosus]]'' {{small|Ser.}} *''[[Lathyrus clymenum]]'' {{small|L.}} – Spanish vetchling *''[[Lathyrus colchicus]]'' {{small|Lipsky}} *''[[Lathyrus crassipes]]'' {{small|Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.}} – ''arvejilla'' *''[[Lathyrus cyaneus]]'' {{small|(Steven) K.Koch}} *''[[Lathyrus czeczottianus]]'' {{small|Bässler}} *''[[Lathyrus davidii]]'' {{small|Hance}} *''[[Lathyrus decaphyllus]]'' {{small|Pursh}} – prairie vetchling *''[[Lathyrus delnorticus]]'' {{small|C.L.Hitchc.}} – Del Norte pea *''[[Lathyrus dielsianus]]'' {{small|Harms}} *''[[Lathyrus digitatus]]'' {{small|(M.Bieb.) Fiori}} *''[[Lathyrus elegans]]'' {{small|Vogel}} *''[[Lathyrus elongatus]]'' {{small|(Bornm.) Širj.}} *''[[Lathyrus emodi]]'' {{small|(Wall. ex Fritsch) Fritsch ex T.Durand & B.D.Jacks.}} *''[[Lathyrus eucosmus]]'' {{small|Butters & H.St.John}} – seemly vetchling, bush vetchling *''[[Lathyrus filiformis]]'' {{small|(Lam.) J.Gay}} *''[[Lathyrus fissus]]'' {{small|Ball}} *''[[Lathyrus formosus]]'' {{small|(Steven) Kenicer}} – Vavilovia *''[[Lathyrus frolovii]]'' {{small|Fisch. ex Rupr.}} *''[[Lathyrus fulvus]]'' {{small|(Sm.) Kosterin}} *''[[Lathyrus glandulosus]]'' {{small|Broich}} *''[[Lathyrus gloeosperma]]'' {{small|Warb. & Eig}} *''[[Lathyrus gmelinii]]'' {{small|(Fisch. ex Ser.) Fritsch}} *''[[Lathyrus golanensis]]'' {{small|O.Cohen & Plitmann}} *''[[Lathyrus gorgoni]]'' {{small|Parl.}} *''[[Lathyrus graminifolius]]'' {{small|(S.Watson) T.G.White}} – grassleaf pea *''[[Lathyrus grandiflorus]]'' {{small|Sm.}} – twoflower everlasting pea *''[[Lathyrus grimesii]]'' {{small|Barneby}} – Grimes' pea *''[[Lathyrus hallersteinii]]'' {{small|Baumg.}} *''[[Lathyrus hasslerianus]]'' {{small|Burkart}} *''[[Lathyrus heterophyllus]]'' {{small|L.}} – Norfolk everlasting pea *''[[Lathyrus hierosolymitanus]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} *''[[Lathyrus hirsutus]]'' {{small|L.}} – hairy vetchling *''[[Lathyrus hirticarpus]]'' {{small|Mattatia & Heyn}} *''[[Lathyrus hitchcockianus]]'' {{small|Barneby & Reveal}} – Bullfrog Mountain pea *''[[Lathyrus holochlorus]]'' {{small|(Piper) C.L.Hitchc.}} – thinleaf pea *''[[Lathyrus hookeri]]'' {{small|G.Don}} *''[[Lathyrus humilis]]'' {{small|(Ser.) Fisch. ex Spreng.}} *''[[Lathyrus hygrophilus]]'' {{small|Taub.}} *''[[Lathyrus inconspicuus]]'' {{small|L.}} *''[[Lathyrus incurvus]]'' {{small|(Roth) Willd.}} *''[[Lathyrus japonicus]]'' {{small|Willd.}} – sea pea, beach pea *''[[Lathyrus jepsonii]]'' {{small|Greene}} – delta tule pea *''[[Lathyrus karsianus]]'' {{small|P.H.Davis}} *''[[Lathyrus ketzkhovelii]]'' {{small|Avazneli}} *''[[Lathyrus komarovii]]'' {{small|Ohwi}} *''[[Lathyrus krylovii]]'' {{small|Serg.}} *''[[Lathyrus laetivirens]]'' {{small|Greene ex Rydb.}} – aspen pea *''[[Lathyrus laevigatus]]'' {{small|(Waldst. & Kit.) Gren.}} *''[[Lathyrus lanszwertii]]'' {{small|Kellogg}} – Nevada pea ** ''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''aridus'' {{small|(Piper) Jeps.}} ** ''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''arizonicus'' {{small|(Britton) S.L.Welsh}} ** [[Lathyrus lanszwertii var. bijugatus|''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''bijugatus'']] {{small|(T.G.White) Broich}} – drypark pea ** ''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''lanszwertii'' ** ''Lathyrus lanszwertii'' var. ''pallescens'' {{small|Barneby}} *''[[Lathyrus latifolius]]'' {{small|L.}} – everlasting pea, perennial pea *''[[Lathyrus laxiflorus]]'' {{small|(Desf.) Kuntze}} *''[[Lathyrus lentiformis]]'' {{small|Plitmann}} *''[[Lathyrus leptophyllus]]'' {{small|M.Bieb.}} *''[[Lathyrus libani]]'' {{small|Fritsch}} – Lebanon vetchling *''[[Lathyrus linearifolius]]'' {{small|Vogel}} *''[[Lathyrus linifolius]]'' {{small|(Reichard) Bässler}} – bitter vetch, heath pea *''[[Lathyrus littoralis]]'' {{small|(Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp.}} – silky beach pea *''[[Lathyrus lomanus]]'' {{small|I.M.Johnst.}} *''[[Lathyrus lycicus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Heldr.}} *''[[Lathyrus macropus]]'' {{small|Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.}} *''[[Lathyrus macrostachys]]'' {{small|Vogel}} *''[[Lathyrus magellanicus]]'' {{small|Lam.}} *''[[Lathyrus marmoratus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Balansa}} *''[[Lathyrus meridensis]]'' {{small|Pittier}} *''[[Lathyrus miniatus]]'' {{small|M.Bieb. ex Steven}} *''[[Lathyrus mulkak]]'' {{small|Lipsky}} *''[[Lathyrus multiceps]]'' {{small|Clos}} *''[[Lathyrus multijugus]]'' {{small|(Ledeb.) Czefr.}} *''[[Lathyrus nervosus]]'' {{small|Lam.}} – Lord Anson's blue pea *''[[Lathyrus neurolobus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Heldr.}} *''[[Lathyrus nevadensis]]'' {{small|S.Watson}} – Sierra pea *''[[Lathyrus niger]]'' {{small|(L.) Bernh.}} – black pea *''[[Lathyrus nigrivalvis]]'' {{small|Burkart}} *''[[Lathyrus nissolia]]'' {{small|L.}} – grass vetchling *''[[Lathyrus nitens]]'' {{small|Vogel}} *''[[Lathyrus nivalis]]'' {{small|Hand.-Mazz.}} *''[[Lathyrus numidicus]]'' {{small|Batt.}} *''[[Lathyrus ochroleucus]]'' {{small|Hook.}} – cream pea *''[[Lathyrus ochrus]]'' {{small|(L.) DC.}} – Cyprus-vetch *''[[Lathyrus odoratus]]'' {{small|L.}} – sweet pea *''[[pea|Lathyrus oleraceus]]'' {{small|Lam.}} – pea *''[[Lathyrus pallescens]]'' {{small|(M.Bieb.) K.Koch}} *''[[Lathyrus palustris]]'' {{small|L.}} – marsh pea *''[[Lathyrus pancicii]]'' {{small|(Jurišić) Adamović}} *''[[Lathyrus pannonicus]]'' {{small|(Jacq.) Garcke}} *''[[Lathyrus paraguariensis]]'' {{small|Hassl.}} *''[[Lathyrus paranensis]]'' {{small|Burkart}} *''[[Lathyrus parodii]]'' {{small|Burkart}} *''[[Lathyrus pauciflorus]]'' {{small|Fernald}} – fewflower pea *''[[Lathyrus pisiformis]]'' {{small|L.}} *''[[Lathyrus polyphyllus]]'' {{small|Nutt.}} – leafy pea *''[[Lathyrus pratensis]]'' {{small|L.}} – meadow vetchling *''[[Lathyrus pseudocicera]]'' {{small|Pamp.}} *''[[Lathyrus pubescens]]'' {{small|Hook. & Arn.}} *''[[Lathyrus pusillus]]'' {{small|Elliott}} – tiny pea, singletary vetchling *''[[Lathyrus pygmaeus]]'' {{small|Gomb.}} *''[[Lathyrus quinquenervius]]'' {{small|(Miq.) Litv.}} *''[[Lathyrus rigidus]]'' {{small|T.G.White}} – stiff pea *''[[Lathyrus roseus]]'' {{small|Small}} *''[[Lathyrus rotundifolius]]'' {{small|Willd.}} *''[[Lathyrus satdaghensis]]'' {{small|P.H.Davis}} *''[[Lathyrus sativus]]'' {{small|L.}} – Indian pea, white pea, chickling vetch *''[[Lathyrus saxatilis]]'' {{small|(Vent.) Vis.}} *''[[Lathyrus sericeus]]'' {{small|Lam.}} *''[[Lathyrus setifolius]]'' {{small|L.}} *''[[Lathyrus spathulatus]]'' {{small|Čelak.}} *''[[Lathyrus speciosus]]'' {{small|G.Don}} *''[[Lathyrus sphaericus]]'' {{small|Retz.}} – grass pea *''[[Lathyrus splendens]]'' {{small|Kellogg}} – pride of California *''[[Lathyrus stenolobus]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} *''[[Lathyrus stenophyllus]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Heldr.}} *''[[Lathyrus subandinus]]'' {{small|Phil.}} *''[[Lathyrus subulatus]]'' {{small|Lam.}} *''[[Lathyrus sulphureus]]'' {{small|W.H.Brewer ex A.Gray}} – snub pea *''[[Lathyrus sylvestris]]'' {{small|L.}} – flat pea *''[[Lathyrus tauricola]]'' {{small|P.H.Davis}} *''[[Lathyrus tefennicus]]'' {{small|Genç & Sahin}} *''[[Lathyrus tingitanus]]'' {{small|L.}} – Tangier pea *''[[Lathyrus torreyi]]'' {{small|A.Gray}} – Torrey's peavine *''[[Lathyrus × tournefortii]]'' {{small|(Lapeyr.) A.W.Hill}} *''[[Lathyrus trachycarpus]]'' {{small|(Boiss.) Boiss.}} *''[[Lathyrus tracyi]]'' {{small|Bradshaw}} *''[[Lathyrus transsylvanicus]]'' {{small|(Spreng.) Rchb.f.}} *''[[Lathyrus tremolsianus]]'' {{small|Pau}} *''[[Lathyrus tropicalandinus]]'' {{small|Burkart}} *''[[Lathyrus tuberosus]]'' {{small|L.}} – tuberous pea *''[[Lathyrus tukhtensis]]'' {{small|Czeczott}} *''[[Lathyrus undulatus]]'' {{small|Boiss.}} – wavy pea *''[[Lathyrus vaniotii]]'' {{small|H.Lév.}} – Korean mountain vetchling<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=[[Korea National Arboretum]]|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|pages=511|access-date=22 December 2016|via=[[Korea Forest Service]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> *''[[Lathyrus venetus]]'' {{small|(Mill.) Wohlf.}} *''[[Lathyrus venosus]]'' {{small|Muhl. ex Willd.}} – veiny pea, bushy vetchling *''[[Lathyrus vernus]]'' {{small|(L.) Bernh.}} – spring pea *''[[Lathyrus vestitus]]'' {{small|Nutt.}} – Pacific pea *''[[Lathyrus vinealis]]'' {{small|Boiss. & Noë}} *''[[Lathyrus vivantii]]'' {{small|P.Monts.}} *''[[Lathyrus whitei]]'' {{small|Kupicha}} *''[[Lathyrus woronowii]]'' {{small|Bornm.}} *''[[Lathyrus zalaghensis]]'' {{small|Andr.}} {{Div col end}} ==Ecology== ''Lathyrus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species, including the [[grey chi]] (''Antitype chi'') and the [[latticed heath]] (''Chiasmia clathrata''), both recorded on [[Lathyrus pratensis|meadow vetchling]] (''Lathyrus pratensis''), and ''[[Chionodes braunella]]''. ''Lathyrus'' growth abundance and size both decrease in response to increased temperatures in montane meadows.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Valpine |first1=Perry |last2=Harte |first2=John |title=Plant Responses to Experimental Warming in a Montane Meadow |date=1 March 2001 |url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0637:PRTEWI]2.0.CO;2 |journal=Ecology |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=637–648|doi=10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0637:PRTEWI]2.0.CO;2 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Uses == Several species are grown for food, including the [[pea]] (''Lathyrus oleraceus''), [[Lathyrus sativus|Indian pea]] (''L. sativus''), and the [[Lathyrus cicera|red pea]] (''L. cicera''), and less commonly [[Lathyrus ochrus|cyprus-vetch]] (''L. ochrus'') and [[Fava Santorinis|Spanish vetchling]] (''L. clymenum''). The [[Lathyrus tuberosus|tuberous pea]] (''L. tuberosus'') is grown as a [[root vegetable]] for its starchy edible [[tuber]]. The [[seed]]s of some ''Lathyrus'' species contain the toxic [[amino acid]] [[oxalyldiaminopropionic acid]] and if eaten in large quantities can cause [[lathyrism]], a serious disease.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Barrow, M. V. |display-authors=etal |year=1974 |title=Lathyrism: A Review |journal=The Quarterly Review of Biology |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=101–128 |doi=10.1086/408017 |jstor=2820941 |pmid=4601279 |s2cid=33451792}}</ref> Many species are cultivated as garden plants. The genus includes the garden [[sweet pea]] (''Lathyrus odoratus'') and the [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[Lathyrus latifolius|everlasting pea]] (''Lathyrus latifolius''). [[Flower]]s on these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue, and some are bicolored. They are also grown for their fragrance. Cultivated species are susceptible to [[fungus|fungal]] infections including [[downy mildew|downy]] and [[powdery mildew]]. ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==External links== * {{Commons category-inline|Lathyrus}} * [http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/specieslist.cgi?where-genus=Lathyrus Calflora Database: ''Lathyrus'' species index] * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?key=9364 Jepson Flora Project: Key to ''Lathyrus''] {{Taxonbar|from=Q157209}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Lathyrus| ]] [[Category:Fabaceae genera]] [[Category:Garden plants]] [[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
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