Editing Lazy bed

{{Short description|Traditional method of arable cultivation}}
{{about|a method of cultivation|the play|Lazybed}}

[[File:Lazy beds, inishbofin.jpg|thumb|Lazy beds, [[Inishbofin, County Galway|Inishbofin]]]]
[[Image:Old lazybeds on North Harris.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Old lazybeds on North [[Harris, Outer Hebrides|Harris]]]]
[[Image:Ensayformercultivation.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Old lazybeds on [[Ensay, Outer Hebrides|Ensay]]]]
[[Image:Inishglora_lazybeds.jpg|thumb|200px|Lazybeds on [[Inishglora]]]]'''Lazy bed''' ({{langx|ga|ainneor}} or {{lang|ga|iompú}}; {{langx|gd|feannagan}} {{IPA|gd|ˈfjan̪ˠakən|}}; [[Faroese language|Faroese]]: ''letivelta'') is a traditional method of arable cultivation, often used for [[potato]]es. Rather like [[cord rig]] cultivation, parallel banks of [[ridge and furrow]] are dug by spade although lazy beds have banks that are bigger, up to {{convert|2.5|m|ftin}} in width, with narrow drainage channels between them.  The 1874 Canadian Farmer's Manual of Agriculture notes:<blockquote>A common mode practised in Ireland, and in some parts of the north and west of England and Scotland, is that known as the lazy-bed fashion, which consists in planting the sets in beds of a few feet in width, covered from trenches formed with the spade.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Whitcombe |first=Charles Edward |url=https://electriccanadian.com/transport/agriculture/canadianfarmersmanual.pdf |title=The Canadian Farmer's Manual of Agriculture |date=1874 |publisher=James Adam and Company |location=Toronto}}</ref> </blockquote>In addition to Ireland, England, and Scotland, the practice has been documented in [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], [[Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon|St. Pierre]], the [[Faroe Islands]], the [[Swiss Alps]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Omohundro |first=John |date=2006 |title=An Appreciation of Lazy Beds |url=https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/quarterly/id/42670/rec/2 |journal=Newfoundland Quarterly |volume=99 |issue=1 |pages=29–31}}</ref> [[Devon]],<ref name=":1" /> [[Orkney]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Anderson |first=John |date=1998 |title=The First Statistical Account of Parishes of Stronsay and Eday |url=https://www.orkneyfhs.co.uk/docs/sfndocs/7/7.pdf |journal=Sib Folk News: The Newsletter of the Orkney Family History Society |issue=7 |pages=11}}</ref> and the [[Isle of Man]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Page |first=CJ |date=2002 |title=Manx Farming Communities and Traditions. An examination of Manx farming between 1750 and 1900 |url=https://www.ssns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/08_Page_Man_2002_pp_115-135.pdf |journal=Scottish Society for Northern Studies}}</ref>  One early-20th-century critique of the practise suggests it could lead to overcrowding of plantings.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1936-04-21 |title=Farming and Gardening |url=https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/observersweek/id/2600/rec/3 |access-date=26 July 2024 |work=Observer's Weekly |pages=31}}</ref> Another critic wrote that the "system is too laborious and expensive to adopt except in wet districts."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanders |first=T.W. |url=https://www.survivorlibrary.com/library/the_book_of_the_potato_1905.pdf |title=The Book of the Potato |publisher=W.H. & L. Collingridge |year=1905 |location=London |pages=76}}</ref> In the [[Hebrides]] and the west of [[Ireland]], the method used is normally to lift up sods of [[peat]] and apply desalinated [[seaweed fertiliser]] to improve the ground.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} In [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]], lazy beds were augmented with seaweed,<ref name=":0" /> a process which continues into the early 21st century:  <blockquote>One method of applying seaweed is to spread it on a bed and cover it with soil from the trench. This method sometimes referred to as the 'lazy bed' system works well, especially in areas where the soil is shallow and drainage is poor.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Traverse |first=Ross |date=1982 |title=Seaweed for Newfoundland and Labrador Gardens |url=https://collections.mun.ca/digital/collection/cns_decks/id/6794/rec/1 |journal=Decks Awash |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=46}}</ref></blockquote>

== History ==
The name of the practice may derive from “lazy root”, an English nickname for the [[potato]] that was often grown in lazy beds.{{sfn|Mann|2011|loc=Lazy Beds}}  An early 20th-century observer in [[Connemara]] noted that the "term 'Lazybed' would seem to be a misnomer, for, in fact, the system calls for a great deal of labour."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=O Buachalla |first=Liam |date=1937 |title=Some reflections on the social and economic organisation of Connemara |url=https://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/4937 |journal=Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=31–46}}</ref>

Exact origins of the practice are uncertain. There is archaeological evidence of lazy-bed type cultivation at a [[Romano-British culture|Romano-British]] settlement at [[Tottenham]] in [[Cambridgeshire]], with similarly-narrow ridges resembling lazy-beds, dating to circa 600 BC, found in [[Holland]], others in [[Norway]], and on a [[Viking Age]] site in [[Denmark]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fenton |first=Alexander |date=1977 |title=Team cultivation with the spade in Scotland |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jatba_0183-5173_1977_num_24_2_3271 |journal=Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée |volume=24 |pages=77–86}}</ref><blockquote>In Ireland, there is archeological evidence that Celtic farmers grew crops in lazy beds long before the potato. By the late eighteenth century, highland Scotland, Wales and most rural gardens in England's west country also spaded their potatoes into beds.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>Lazy beds have been identified in archaeological contexts from 17th and 18th century farms in [[Clydesdale (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Clydesdale]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ward |first=Tam |url=https://biggararchaeology.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/UPPER_CLYDESDALE-M74_PROJECT-sm-1.pdf |title=Upper Clydesdale Through The Ages - The M74 Project (Archaeology) |date=1992 |publisher=Biggar Archaeology Group |isbn=0 9520145 0 5}}</ref> and have also been uncovered as part of archaeological excavations in Newfoundland.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pope |first=Peter E. |date=2008 |title=An Archaeology of the Petit Nord - Summer 2007 |url=https://www.gov.nl.ca/tcar/files/Vol6-2008.pdf |journal=Provincial Archaeology Office 2007 Archaeology Review |location=St. John's, NL |publisher=Department of Tourism, Culture & Recreation, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador |volume=6 |pages=54–59}}</ref>

A rare 1757 copy of "Plain Directions for Raising Potatoes on the Lazy Bed" by John Fraser is held by the National Library of Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.nls.uk/media-u4/22512/areport02.pdf |title=National Library of Scotland Annual Report 2001 2002 |date=2002 |publisher=National Library of Scotland |location=Edinburgh |pages=17}}</ref> Historically, lazy beds were reported in Orkney by 1795,<ref name=":2" /> by 1801 in [[Cavan]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Coote |first=Charles |url=https://www.cavanlibrary.ie/cavan-history/history-online/digitised-material/statistical-survey-of-the-county-of-cavan.pdf |title=Statistical Survey of the County of Cavan |date=1802 |publisher=Dublin Society}}</ref> and by 1808, the practice had "taken great root" in [[Devon]]shire.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Harrod |first=TR |url=https://www.landis.org.uk/downloads/downloads/R117%20Soils%20in%20Devon%20IX.pdf |title=Soils in Devon IX - Soil Survey Record No. 117 |date=2017 |isbn=978-1-9998453-0-8 |pages=103}}</ref> The abandonment of the method may have exacerbated the later [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]] in Ireland.{{sfn|Mann|2011|p=229}} Following the Famine, it was one of the practices suggested for the reutilization of reclaimable wastelands.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malley |first=George Orme |date=1870 |title=The Utilization of the Reclaimable Waste Lands of Ireland |url=https://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/5844 |journal=Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland |volume=5 |pages=168–183}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Run rig]]
* [[Foot plough]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Veu9u0brhrcC&q=nineteenth|title=1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created|isbn=978-0-307-26572-2 |last1=Mann |first1=Charles C. |date=2011 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf }}

==External links==
{{commons category|Lazy beds|lcfirst=yes}}
*[http://www.geographyinaction.co.uk/Assets/Photo_albums/Five/pages/LazyBeds_jpg.html Lazy beds in County Antrim, N.Ireland]
*[http://www.geographyinaction.co.uk/Assets/Photo_albums/Seven/pages/Glenelly3.html Lazy beds in Sperrin Mountains, County Londonderry, N.Ireland]

[[Category:History of agriculture in Scotland]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Scotland]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Ireland]]
[[Category:History of agriculture in Ireland]]
[[Category:Outer Hebrides]]