Editing Lechwe

{{Short description|Species of mammal}}
{{speciesbox
| name = Lechwe
| status = NT
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group |date=2017 |title=''Kobus leche'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T11033A50189021 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T11033A50189021.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| status2 = CITES_A2
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
| image = Red lechwe (Kobus leche leche) male.jpg
| image_caption = male ''K. l. leche''<br>[[Nkasa Rupara National Park]], [[Namibia]]
| taxon = Kobus leche
| authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1850
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision = * ''Kobus leche leche'' 
* ''[[Kobus leche kafuensis]]'' 
* [[Extinction|†]] ''[[Kobus leche robertsi]]''
* ''Kobus leche smithemani''
| range_map = Kobus leche range map.png
| range_map_caption = Distribution range of lechwe
| synonyms = ''Onotragus leche''
}}

The '''lechwe''', '''red lechwe''', or '''southern lechwe''' ('''''Kobus leche''''') is an [[antelope]] found in [[Wetland|wetlands]] of south-central Africa.

==Range==
The lechwe is native to Botswana, Zambia, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northeastern Namibia, and eastern Angola, especially in the [[Okavango Delta]], [[Kafue Flats]], and [[Bangweulu Wetlands]]. The species is fairly common in zoos and wild animal farms.

==Description==
Adult lechwe typically stand {{convert|90|to|100|cm|in|abbr=on}} at the shoulder and generally weigh from {{convert|50|to|120|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, with males being larger than females. They are golden brown with white bellies. Males are darker in colour, but exact hue and amount of blackish on the front legs, chest and body varies depending on [[subspecies]]. The long, spiral horns are vaguely lyre-shaped and borne only by males. The hind legs are somewhat longer in proportion than in other antelopes to ease long-distance running on marshy soil.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Red Lechwe in the Okavango.jpg|Adult red lechwes in the [[Okavango Delta]], Botswana
File:Leaping Lechwe.jpg|alt=Female red lechwe runningOkavango Delta, Botswana|Female red lechwe, <br>Okavango Delta
File:Red lechwe (Kobus leche leche) juvenile.jpg|alt=Juvenile red lechweOkavango Delta, Botswana|Juvenile red lechwe,<br>Okavango Delta
File:Red lechwe (Kobus leche leche) males fighting, composite.jpg|alt=Males red lechwes flightingOkavango Delta, Botswana|Male red lechwes fighting,<br>Okavango Delta
</gallery>

==Habitats==
Lechwe are found in [[marsh]]y areas where they are an important [[herbivore]] of [[aquatic plant]]s, as well as [[grass]]es that are found in flooded [[meadows]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Franceschini |first1=M. Celeste |last2=Murphy |first2=Kevin J. |last3=Moore |first3=Isabel |last4=Kennedy |first4=Michael P. |last5=Martínez |first5=Fedra S. |last6=Willems |first6=Frank |last7=De Wysiecki |first7=M. Laura |last8=Sichingabula |first8=Henry |date=29 July 2020 |title=Impacts on freshwater macrophytes produced by small invertebrate herbivores: Afrotropical and Neotropical wetlands compared |journal=Hydrobiologia |volume=847 |issue=17 |pages=3931–3950 |doi=10.1007/s10750-020-04360-5|s2cid=220843360 |url=http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/144665/Documento_completo.pdf?sequence=1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Kobus_leche/#:~:text=Lechwe%20are%20medium%2Dsized%20antelopes,Males%20darken%20with%20age | title=Kobus leche (Lechwe) | website=[[Animal Diversity Web]] }}</ref> They use the knee-deep water as protection from predators. Their legs are covered in a water-repellant substance which allows them to run quite fast in knee-deep water. Lechwe are [[Diurnality|diurnal]]. They gather in herds which can include many thousands of individuals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lechwe|url=https://urbancamp.net/backup%20of%20old%20site/contents/en-us/p22_Lechwe.html|last=Windhoek|first=UrbanCamp net {{!}} Camping {{!}} Leisure {{!}}|website=urbancamp.net|language=en-us|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> Herds are usually all of one sex, but during mating season they mix.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1093/beheco/8.1.1|title=Lekking, resource defense, and harassment in two subspecies of lechwe antelope|journal=Behavioral Ecology|volume=8|pages=1–9|year=1997|last1=Nefdt|first1=Rory J. C.|last2=Thirgood|first2=Simon J.|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==

===Subspecies===
[[File:Kob Antelope.jpg|thumb|Kafue lechwes (''K. l. kafuensis'') where the male has more black to the front legs and chest than the red and Upemba lechwes, but less than the black lechwe that also has some blackish to the side of the body]]
[[File:Kobus leche smithemani 44223157.jpg|thumb|Black lechwe (''K. l. smithemani'')]]

Four subspecies of the lechwe have been recognized.<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3|page=720|id=14200984}}</ref><ref name=groves>{{cite book |last1=Groves |first1=C.|last2=Grubb |first2=P.|title=Ungulate Taxonomy |date=2011|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |isbn=978-1-4214-0093-8|pages=190–1}}</ref>

* '''Common red lechwe''' (''Kobus leche leche'') <small>(Gray, 1850)</small> - Widely distributed in the wetlands of [[Zimbabwe]], [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]] and [[Zambia]].
* '''[[Kafue Flats lechwe]]''' (''Kobus leche kafuensis'') <small>([[Theodor Haltenorth|Haltenorth]], 1963)</small> - It is confined within the [[Kafue Flats]] (seasonally inundated flood-plain on the [[Kafue River]], Zambia).
* {{Extinct}} '''[[Roberts' lechwe]]''' (''Kobus leche robertsi'') <small>([[Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild|Rothschild]], 1907)</small> - Formerly found in northeastern Zambia, now extinct. Also called the Kawambwa lechwe.
* '''Black lechwe''' (''Kobus leche smithemani'') <small>([[Richard Lydekker|Lydekker]], 1900)</small> - Found in the [[Bangweulu Wetlands|Bangweulu]] region of Zambia.

In addition, the [[Upemba lechwe]] (''Kobus anselli'') and the extinct [[Cape lechwe]] (''Kobus venterae'') are also considered subspecies by some authorities (as ''Kobus leche anselli'' and ''Kobus leche venterae'').<ref>{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group |date=2017 |title=''Kobus leche'' ssp. ''anselli'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T136937A50198198 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T136937A50198198.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Brain|first1=C. K.|title=The Hunters Or the Hunted?: An Introduction to African Cave Taphonomy|date=1983|publisher=American Bar Foundation|page=173}}</ref>

Although related and sharing the name "lechwe", the [[Nile lechwe]] (''K. megaceros'') is consistently recognized as a separate species.<ref name=groves/>

==Reproduction==
Lechwe mate during rain seasons of November to February. They have a gestation period of seven to eight months so a majority of calves are born from July to September. <ref>Newell, T. 1999. "Kobus leche" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed March 06, 2020 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Kobus_leche/</ref> Although rare, hybrids between lechwe and [[waterbuck]] have been observed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Antelope hybrid in the wilds of northern Botswana |url=https://africageographic.com/stories/a-wild-hybrid-antelope-in-botswana/ |website=Africa Geographic |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200807040142/https://africageographic.com/stories/a-wild-hybrid-antelope-in-botswana/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |date=19 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Kobus leche}}
*ARKive - [https://web.archive.org/web/20060422080021/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Kobus_leche_smithemani/ images and movies of the black lechwe ''(Kobus leche smithemani)'']

{{Artiodactyla|R.2}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q273565}}

[[Category:Marsh antelopes]]
[[Category:Mammals of Sub-Saharan Africa]]
[[Category:Mammals of Central Africa]]
[[Category:Mammals of Angola]]
[[Category:Mammals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Mammals of Namibia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Zambia]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1850]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]