Editing Legio II Adiutrix

{{Short description|Roman legion}}
[[File:Denarius-Septimius Severus-l2adiutrix-RIC 0005.jpg|thumb|II ''Adiutrix'' supported Septimius Severus, commander of the Pannonian army, in his fight for the purple. This denarius was struck to celebrate the legion.]]
[[File:Roman Empire 125.png|thumb|right|300px|Map of the Roman empire in AD 125, under emperor [[Hadrian]], showing the Legio II Adiutrix, stationed on the river [[Danube]] at [[Aquincum]] (Budapest, Hungary), in [[Pannonia Inferior]] province, from AD 106 to at least 269]]
'''Legio II Adiutrix''' ("Second Legion, the Rescuer") was a [[Roman legion|legion]] of the [[Imperial Roman army]] founded in AD 70 by the emperor [[Vespasian]] (r. 69–79), originally composed of [[Roman navy]] marines of the ''[[classis Ravennatis]]''. There are still records of II ''Adiutrix'' in the [[Rhine]] border in the beginning of the 4th century. The legion's symbols were a [[Capricorn (astrology)|Capricorn]] and [[Pegasus]].

==History==

The first assignment of II ''Adiutrix'' was in [[Germania Inferior]], where the [[Batavian rebellion]] was at its peak. After the defeat of the rebels, II ''Adiutrix'' followed general [[Quintus Petillius Cerialis]] to [[UK|Britain]] to deal with another rebellion led by Venutius. During the next years, the legion was to stay in the British Islands to subdue the rebel tribes of [[Scotland]] and [[Wales]], with base camp probably at [[Deva Victrix|Chester]].

In 87, the legion was recalled to the continent to participate in the [[Dacia]]n wars of emperor [[Domitian]]. Between 94 and 95, still in Dacia, later emperor [[Hadrian]] served as military tribune in the II ''Adiutrix''.

In the summer of 106 the legion took part to the siege of the Dacian Capital [[Sarmizegetusa Regia|Sarmisegetusa]]. After [[Trajan's Dacian Wars]] of 101–106, the legion was located in Aquincum (modern [[Budapest]]), which would be its base camp for the years to come. Despite this, the legion or [[vexillatio]]ns or subunits took part in:
* [[Lucius Verus]]'s campaign against the [[Parthian Empire]] (162–166)
* [[Marcus Aurelius]]' [[Marcomannic Wars#The Roman counter-offensive and defeat of the Marcomanni|campaign]] against the [[Marcomanni]] and the [[Quadi]] (171–173)
* [[Marcus Aurelius]]' [[Marcomannic Wars#Second Marcomannic War|campaign]] against the Quadi (179–180). The Legion was commanded by [[Marcus Valerius Maximianus]] in [[Laugaricio]].
* [[Caracalla]]'s campaign against the [[Alemanni]] (213)
* [[Gordian III|Gordian]]'s campaign against the [[Sassanid Empire]] (238)

In 193, II ''Adiutrix'' supported emperor [[Septimius Severus]] during his struggle for the purple.

== Attested members ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
! Name
! Rank
! Time frame
! Province
! Source
|-
| [[Lucius Artorius Castus]]
| centurio
| between 150 and 250
| [[Aquincum]]
| {{CIL|3|1919}}
|-
| [[Quintus Antistius Adventus]]<ref name=Alföldy-298>Géza Alföldy, ''Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen'' (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag 1977), p. 298</ref>
| [[legatus legionis]]
| 162–c. 165
| Parthian War
| {{AE|1893|88}} = ILS 8977; {{AE|1914|281}}; {{CIL|8|18893}} = ILS 1091
|-
| [[Marcus Valerius Maximianus]]<ref name=Alföldy-298/>
| legatus legionis
| 179
| [[Laugaricio]]
| {{AE|1956|124}}
|-
| [[Quintus Ranius Terentius Honoratianus Festus]]<ref>Paul M. M. Leunissen, ''Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander'' (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), p.&nbsp;338</ref>
| legatus legionis
| between 200 and 250
| 
| {{AE|1965|240}}
|-
| Aurelius Pollion
| miles?
|
| [[Pannonia]]
| Papyrus from Tebtunis <ref name="letter">{{cite web | url=http://www.livescience.com/43900-ancient-egyptian-soldier-letter-deciphered.html | title=Ancient Egyptian Soldier's Letter Home Deciphered | accessdate=March 7, 2014 | author=Jarus, Owen| website=[[Live Science]] | date=6 March 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| Marcus Vettius C.f. Latronus
| [[tribunus angusticlavius]]
| before 99
| 
| {{AE|1951|52}}
|-
| [[Titus Furius Victorinus]]
| tribunus angusticlavius
| before 140
| Aquincum
| {{CIL|6|41143}}
|-
| [[Publius Cominius Clemens]]
| tribunus angusticlavius
| c. 162—165
| Parthian War
| {{AE|1890|151}}
|-
| [[Hadrian|Publius Aelius Hadrianus]]
| [[tribunus laticlavius]]
| c. 95
| 
| ''Historia Augusta'', "Hadrian", 3 
|}

== Epigraphic inscriptions ==

- '''''Gaio Valerio Crispo''''' veterano ex '''legione II Adiutrice''' Pia Fideli. [[Chester]] (''Deva''), U.K. RIB 478.

- '''''Lucius Terentius''''' Claudia tribu Fuscus Apro miles '''legionis II Adiutricis''' Piae Fidelis. Chester, U.K. RIB 477.

- '''''Lucius Valerius''''' Luci filius Claudia tribu Seneca Savaria / miles '''legionis II Adiutricis''' Piae Fidelis. Chester, U.K. RIB 480.

- '''''Gaius Calventius''''' Gai filius Claudia tribu Celer Apro miles '''legionis II Adiutricis''' Piae Fidelis / Vibi Clementis (...). Chester, U.K. RIB 475.

- '''''Gaius Iuventius''''' Gai filius Claudia tribu Capito Apro / miles '''legionis II Adiutricis''' Piae Fidelis / Iuli Clementis annorum XL stipendiorum XVII. Chester, U.K. RIB 476.

-  '''''Quintus Valerius''''' Quinti filius Claudia tribu Fronto Celea / miles '''legionis II Adiutricis''' Piae Fidelis annorum L stipendiorum XXṾ (...). Chester, U.K. RIB 479.

- '''''Voltimesis P̣udens''''' Gai filius Sergia tribu Augusta eques '''legionis II Adiutricis''' Piae Fidelis annorum XXXII stipendiorum 
XIII hic situs est. Chester, U.K. RIB 482.

- '''''Gaius Murrius''''' Gai filius Arniensis Foro Iuli Modestus miles '''legionis II Adiutricis''' Piae Fidelis / Iuli Secundi annorum) XXV stipendiorum / hic situs est. [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]], U.K. (''Aquae Sulis''). RIB 157 = CIL VII 48.

- '''''Titus Valerius''''' Titi filius Claudia tribu Pudens Savaria miles '''legionis II Adiutricis''' Piae Fidelis / Dossenni Proculi annorum XXX aera VI heres de suo posuit hic situs est. [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]] (''Lindum''), U.K. RIB 258 = CIL VII 185.

- '''legionis II Adiutricis''' Piae Fidelis / Ponti Proculi '''''Lucius Licinius''''' Luci filius Galeria tribu Saliga Lugdunonnorum XX
stipendiorum II. Lincoln (''Lindum''), U.K. RIB 253 = CIL VII 186.

- '''''Quintus Cumelius''''' / Quinti filius / Fabia Celer Bracarensis / '''veteranus legionis II Adiutricis''' hic situs annorum LXXV (...). [[Astorga, Spain|Astorga]] (''Asturica''), Spain. CIL II 2639.

- Fortunae Balneari sacrum / '''''Valerius  Bucco''''' '''miles legionis II Adiutricis''' Piae Fidelis / decuria Aemili (...). [[Segovia]], Spain. CIL II 2763.

- VICTORIAE AVGVSTORV(m) EXERCITUS QVI LAV GARICIONE SEDIT MIL(ites) '''L(egionis) II''' DCCCLV '''(Marcus Valerius) MAXIMIANUS LEG(atus)''' '''LEG (ionis) II AD(iutricis)''' CVR(avit) F(aciendum). Laugaricio (today [[Trenčín]]), Slovakia.

==See also==
{{Portal|Ancient Rome}}
*[[List of Roman legions]]
*[[Roman legion]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

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==References==

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==External links==
* [http://www.roman-britain.co.uk/regiments/leg2adiutrix/ roman-britain.co.uk]
* [https://www.livius.org/le-lh/legio/ii_adiutrix.html livius.org account of Legio II Adiutrix] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308141717/https://www.livius.org/le-lh/legio/ii_adiutrix.html |date=2020-03-08 }}
* [http://www.gladiator.at/index2en.html Familia Gladiatoria - Hungary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716233141/http://www.gladiator.at/index2en.html |date=2012-07-16 }}, Hungarian reenactment group

{{Roman Legion|}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Legio Ii Adiutrix}}
[[Category:Roman legions|02 Adiutrix]]
[[Category:Marine forces history]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in the 1st century]]
[[Category:70s establishments in the Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Roman marines]]
[[Category:70 establishments]]