Editing Legislative Yuan

{{Short description|Unicameral national legislature of the Republic of China (Taiwan)}}
{{For|the legislature of the People's Republic of China|National People's Congress}}
{{Infobox legislature
 | name               = Legislative Yuan of<br />the Republic of China <!-- The ROC constitution has the official name only Legislative Yuan (立法院). For reference, please see https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0000001. -->
 | native_name        = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-tw|中華民國立法院}}}}
 | background_color   = #b8860b
 | text_color         = #FFFFFF
 | legislature        = [[11th Legislative Yuan]]
 | foundation         = {{unbulletedlist|{{start date and age|df=yes|1928|12|5}}<br />(pre-1947 Constitution)|{{start date and age|df=yes|1948|5|18}}<br />([[Constitution of the Republic of China|1947 Constitution]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Concise History|url=http://www.ly.gov.tw/en/01_introduce/introView.action?id=2|website=Legislative Yuan|date=23 July 2013|access-date=3 July 2017|archive-date=18 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018030446/http://www.ly.gov.tw/en/01_introduce/introView.action?id=2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:立法院全球資訊網－認識立法院－簡史|url=http://www.ly.gov.tw/02_introduce/0201_intro/introView.action?id=2&itemno=02010200|website=www.ly.gov.tw|date=23 July 2013|access-date=3 July 2017|language=zh|archive-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029005013/http://www.ly.gov.tw/02_introduce/0201_intro/introView.action?id=2&itemno=02010200|url-status=live}}</ref>|{{start date and age|df=yes|1950|2|24}}<br />(Taiwan)|{{start date and age|df=yes|2005|6|7}}<br />(current form)}}
 | disbanded = {{unbulletedlist|{{start date and age|df=yes|1949|10|1}}<br />([[Republic of China (1912–1949)|mainland]])|{{start date and age|df=yes|1949|12|7}}<br />([[Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan|government relocated]])}}
| preceded_by = [[National Assembly (Beiyang government)|National Assembly]]
 | coa_pic            = ROC Legislative Yuan Seal (2).svg
 | coa-pic            = 
 | house_type         = [[Unicameralism|Unicameral]]<hr>[[National Assembly (Republic of China)|Lower house]]<br />(1947–2005)
 | houses             = 
 | leader1_type       = [[President of the Legislative Yuan|President]]
 | leader1            = [[Han Kuo-yu]] ([[Kuomintang|KMT]])
 | election1          = 1 February 2024
 | leader2_type       = [[Vice President of the Legislative Yuan|Vice President]]
 | leader2            = [[Johnny Chiang]] ([[Kuomintang|KMT]])
 |leader3=[[Ker Chien-ming]] ([[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]])|leader4=[[Fu Kun-chi]] ([[Kuomintang|KMT]])| election2          = 1 February 2024
 |leader3_type=Governing party leader|election3=20 May 2016|leader4_type=Opposition leader|election4=1 February 2024| members            = 113{{efn|Number of seats in the amended constitution. The number of seats in the original constitution was 759.}}
 | structure1         = 11th_Legislative_Yuan.svg
 | structure1_res     = 250px
 | structure2         = 
 | structure2_res     = 
 | political_groups1  = 
'''[[Cho_cabinet|Government]] (51)'''
*{{Color box|{{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}}} [[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]] (51)
'''Opposition (62)'''
*{{Color box|{{party color|Kuomintang}}}} KMT Caucus (54)
**{{Color box|{{party color|Kuomintang}}}} [[Kuomintang|KMT]] (52)
** {{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}}} Independent (2)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Taiwan People's Party}}}} [[Taiwan People's Party|TPP]] (8)
 | committees1        = 
 | committees2        = 
 | joint_committees   = 
 | voting_system1     = [[Parallel voting]]:
*73 seats by [[First-past-the-post voting|FPTP]]
*34 seats by [[Party-list proportional representation|party-list PR]] using largest remainder method with Hare quota
*6 seats by [[Single non-transferable vote|SNTV]]
 | voting_system2     = 
 | term_length        = 4 years
 | last_election1     = [[2024 Taiwanese legislative election|13 January 2024]]
 | last_election2     = 
 | next_election1     = [[2028 Taiwanese legislative election|On or before January 2028]]
| session_room        =  File:中華民國立法院 (議場外) Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China (chamber, exterior).jpg
| session_res         = 270px
| session_room2       = File:張善政赴立法院院會施政備詢 02.jpg
 | session_res2        = 270px
 | meeting_place       = The Legislative Yuan Building,<br />No. 1, Zhongshan South Road<br />[[Zhongzheng District]], [[Taipei|Taipei City]], [[Taiwan|Republic of China]]
 | website            = [http://www.ly.gov.tw/Engpages/index.aspx www.ly.gov.tw] {{in lang|en}}
 | footnotes          = 
 | constitution       = [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|Additional Articles]] and the original [[Constitution of the Republic of China]]
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| collapse = no
| c = {{linktext|立法院}}
| l = Law-establishing court
| bpmf = ㄌㄧˋ ㄈㄚˇ ㄩㄢˋ
| w = Li<sup>4</sup>-fa<sup>3</sup> Yüan<sup>4</sup>
| p = Lìfǎyuàn
| tp = Lì-fǎ-yuàn
| mps = Lìfǎ Yuàn
| gr = Lihfaa Yuann
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|l|i|4|.|f|a|3|.|yuan|4}}
| poj = Li̍p-hoat-īⁿ
| tl = Li̍p-huat-īnn
| h = Li̍p-fap Yen
}}
{{Politics of Taiwan}}

The '''Legislative Yuan''' ({{zh|t=立法院|p=Lìfǎyuàn|l = Law-establishing court}}) is the [[unicameralism|unicameral]] [[legislature]] of the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] (Taiwan) located in [[Taipei]]. The Legislative Yuan is composed of 113 members, who are directly elected for four-year terms by people of the [[Free area of the Republic of China|Taiwan Area]] through a [[parallel voting]] system.

Originally located in [[Nanjing]], the Legislative Yuan, along with the [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]] (electoral college) and the [[Control Yuan]] (upper house), formed the [[Tricameralism|tricameral]] parliament under the original [[Constitution of the Republic of China|1947 Constitution]]. The Legislative Yuan previously had 760 members representing constituencies in all of China (includes [[provinces of China|provinces]], [[direct-administered municipalities of China|municipalities]], [[Tibet Area (administrative division)|Tibet Area]], and various professions in [[Mainland China]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=立法院簡史 |url=https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=157&pid=6 |website=Legislative Yuan | date=23 July 2013 |access-date=2022-02-02 |language=zh-tw |quote=民國37年選出行憲第1屆立法委員760人}}</ref>

Until democratization, the Republic of China was an [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] state under the ''[[Dang Guo]]'' system. At the time, the Legislative Yuan functioned as a [[Rubber stamp (politics)|rubber stamp]] for the ruling regime of the [[Kuomintang]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/07/25/taiwans-slow-boat-to-democratic-change/e2ba4b5f-b65d-4f5f-bd5f-54e6654b10e9/ |title=TAIWAN'S SLOW BOAT TO DEMOCRATIC CHANGE |date=1987-07-25 |author1=Daniel Southerl |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |place=Washington, D.C. |issn=0190-8286 |oclc=1330888409}}</ref>

Like [[parliament]]s or [[congress]]es of other [[Sovereign state|countries]], the Legislative Yuan is responsible for the passage of [[legislation]], which is then sent to the [[President of the Republic of China|president]] for signing. For these similarities, it is also common for people to refer to the Legislative Yuan as "the parliament" ({{zh|t=國會|p=Guóhuì|poj=Kok-hōe|labels=no}}).

Under the current [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|amended Constitution]], the Legislative Yuan, as the only parliamentary body, also holds the power to initiate several constitutional processes, including initiating [[constitutional amendment]]s (then determined by a [[Referendums in Taiwan|national referendum]]), [[Recall election|recalls]] of the president (then determined by a [[Presidential elections in Taiwan|recall vote]]), and [[impeachment]]s of the president (then tried by the [[Judicial Yuan|Constitutional Court]]).

==Composition==
===Legislators===
{{Main|Legislative Yuan elections|11th Legislative Yuan|2024 Taiwanese legislative election}}
Starting with the [[2008 Taiwanese legislative election|2008 legislative elections]], changes were made to the Legislative Yuan in accordance with a [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|constitutional amendment passed in 2005]]. The Legislative Yuan has 113 members serving four-year terms; 73 members are elected by [[first-past-the-post]], 6 reserved for indigenous candidates by [[single non-transferable vote]], and 34 by [[party-list proportional representation]]. The current [[11th Legislative Yuan|Legislative Yuan]] convened on February 1, 2024, and its term ends on January 31, 2028.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Seat composition in the Legislative Yuan by caucus
! colspan="2" width="250" |Party/Caucus
!Caucus leader
!Seats
|-
| style="color:inherit;background: {{party color|Kuomintang}}" |&nbsp;
|[[Kuomintang]] (KMT) Caucus
| align="center" |[[Fu Kun-chi]] 
| align="center" |54
|-
| style="color:inherit;background: {{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}}" |&nbsp;
|[[Democratic Progressive Party]] (DPP) Caucus
| align="center" |[[Ker Chien-ming]] 
| align="center" |51
|-
| style="color:inherit;background: {{party color|Taiwan People's Party}}" |&nbsp;
|[[Taiwan People's Party]] (TPP)
| align="center" |[[Huang Kuo-chang]] {{small|(''third-party'')}}
| align="center" |8
|-
! colspan="2" |{{small|(''{{as of|2024|2|lc=yes}}'')}}
!Total
!113
|}

The five largest parties with three or more seats can form caucuses. If there are fewer than five such parties, legislators in other parties or with no party affiliation can form caucuses with at least four members.<ref>{{cite act |title=Legislative Yuan Organization Act |article=33 |language=zh-hant |date=14 November 2012 |url=http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawSingle.aspx?Pcode=A0010044&FLNO=33 |access-date=12 January 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027085140/https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawSingle.aspx?Pcode=A0010044&FLNO=33 |date=27 October 2021 }}</ref>

===Leadership===
{{Main|President of the Legislative Yuan|Vice President of the Legislative Yuan|}}
The ''president'' and ''vice president'' of the Legislative Yuan are elected by the 113 legislators during a preparatory session in the beginning of their 4-year terms. ''President'' and ''vice president'' of the Legislative Yuan sometimes translate to ''speaker'' and ''deputy speaker'' respectively in [[English language|English]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2020/02/02/2003730212|title=DPP's Yu Shyi-kun elected legislative speaker|date=February 2, 2020|access-date=August 25, 2020|archive-date=February 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202130226/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2020/02/02/2003730212|url-status=live}}</ref>

The President is responsible for appointing the Secretary-General and Deputy Secretary-General of the Legislative Yuan, as well as other legislative staff, who are described as the Administrative Unit. The Vice President serves in place during the absence of the President. 

==Functions==
===Powers===
Like [[legislature]]s of other [[Sovereign state|countries]], the Legislative Yuan holds the following power according to the current [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China|amended Constitution]]:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ly.gov.tw/EngPages/List.aspx?nodeid=341|title=About Legislative Yuan: Functions & Powers|date=23 July 2013|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=15 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115172822/https://www.ly.gov.tw/EngPages/List.aspx?nodeid=341|url-status=live}}</ref>
* make laws and approve national budget, treaties, and emergency decrees issued by the president
* review executive decrees
* [[Interpellation (politics)|interpellation]] of government officials
* initiate [[no-confidence vote]]s against the [[Executive Yuan]]
* approve appointments to the [[Examination Yuan]], the [[Control Yuan]], the [[Judicial Yuan#Constitutional Court|grand justices]], the [[Control Yuan#Ministry of Audit|auditor general]], the [[Supreme Prosecutors Office#Prosecutor Generals|public prosecutor general]], the [[National Communications Commission]], the [[Fair Trade Commission (Taiwan)|Fair Trade Commission]] and the [[Central Election Commission (Taiwan)|Central Election Commission]],
* initiate the recall of the [[President of the Republic of China|president]] or the [[Vice President of the Republic of China|vice president]], and the impeachment of the president or the vice president
* initiate constitutional amendments, which must be referred to a [[Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China#Constitutional referendum|referendum]]

Other [[Government of the Republic of China|governmental organs]] are authorized to propose legislative bills to the Legislative Yuan. Legislative bills proposed to the Legislative Yuan have to be cosigned by a certain number of legislators. Once a bill reaches the legislature, it is subject to a process of three readings.

===Committees===
* Standing committees
** Internal Administration Committee
** Social Welfare and Environmental Hygiene Committee
** Judiciary and Organic Laws and Statutes Committee
** Transportation Committee
** Education and Culture Committee
** Finance Committee
** Economics Committee
** Foreign and National Defense Committee
* Ad hoc committees
** Procedure Committee
** Expenditure Examination Committee
** Constitutional Amendment Committee
** Discipline Committee

==History==
{{more citations needed section|date=May 2011}}

===Constitutional theory===
[[File:Library Stamp - 國民政府立法院.jpg|thumb|A stamp from the Legislative Yuan Library when it was based in [[Nanjing]]]]

The concept of Legislative Yuan was introduced by [[Sun Yat-sen]]'s ''[[Three Principles of the People]]''. The theory proposed a [[separation of powers]] into five branches ({{zh|t=五院|p=wǔyuàn|poj=gō͘-īⁿ|labels=no}}). The Legislative Yuan, under Sun's political theory, is a branch of government elected by the [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]] that serves as the standing legislative body when the National Assembly is not in session.

The legislators are to be elected through [[direct election]]s. In the constitution, Legislative Yuan, together with National Assembly and [[Control Yuan]], form three chambers of a [[Tricameralism|tricameral parliament]] according to the [[Judicial Yuan]]'s interpretation number 76 of the Constitution (1957).<ref>{{lang|zh-hant|[[:wikisource:zh:司法院釋字第76號解釋|司法院釋字第76號解釋]]}},
{{Cite web |date=3 May 1957 |title=Judicial Yuan interpretation number 76 | url=https://www2.judicial.gov.tw/FYDownload/en/p03_01.asp?expno=76 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=[[Judicial Yuan]] | archive-date=17 December 2004| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041217134214/http://www.judicial.gov.tw/constitutionalcourt/EN/p03_01.asp?expno=76 |url-status=live}}</ref>

However, the later [[constitutional amendment]]s in the 1990s removed the parliamentary roles from National Assembly and Control Yuan and transferred them to the Legislative Yuan, which became an [[Unicameralism|unicameral parliament]].

===Establishment and relocation to Taiwan===
[[File:Legislative Yuan (1928) in Nanjing, Nov 2017.jpg|thumb|Former Legislative Yuan building in Nanjing, 1928 (seen in 2017).]]
[[File:Former Legislative Yuan & Control Yuan in Nanjing 2011-10.JPG|thumb|Former Legislative Yuan and [[Control Yuan]] building in Nanjing,  1946–1949 (seen in 2011).]]

The original Legislative Yuan was formed in the original capital of [[Nanjing]] after the completion of the [[Northern Expedition]]. Its 51 members were appointed to a term of two years. The 4th Legislative Yuan under this period had its members expanded to 194, and its term in office was extended to 14 years because of the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] (1937–1945). According to KMT political theory, these first four sessions marked the period of [[political tutelage]].

The current [[Constitution of the Republic of China]] came into effect on 25 December 1947, and the first Legislative session convened in Nanjing on 18 May 1948, with 760 members. Six preparatory meetings had been held on 8 May 1948, during which [[Sun Fo]] and [[Chen Li-fu]] were elected president and vice president of the body. In 1949, [[mainland China]] fell to the [[Communist Party of China|Communist Party]] and the Legislative Yuan (along with the entire ROC government) was transplanted to [[Taipei]]. On 24 February 1950, 380 members convened at the Sun Yat-sen Hall in Taipei.

The first Legislative Yuan was to have been elected for a term of three years ending in 1951; however, the fall of mainland China made it impossible to hold new elections.<ref name="Fetzer">[[Joel S. Fetzer]], J Christopher Soper, Confucianism, [https://books.google.com/books?id=_929g2KkSwIC&pg=PA58 Democratization, and Human Rights in Taiwan], p 58, Lexington Books, 15 October 2012.</ref> As a result, the [[Judicial Yuan]] decided that the members of the Legislative Yuan would continue to hold office until new elections could be held on the Mainland. This decision was made in the belief that the KMT would retake the Mainland in a short time. However, over the years, as the prospect of regaining the Mainland diminished, this meant that the legislators from mainland districts (and members of the ruling KMT) held their seats for life, in a one-party system. The body thus came to be called "the Non-reelected Congress".<ref name="Fetzer"/>

Over the years, deceased members elected on the mainland were not replaced while additional seats were created for [[Taiwan]] starting with eleven seats in 1969. Fifty-one new members were elected to a three-year term in 1972, fifty-two in 1975, ninety-seven in 1980, ninety-eight in 1983, one hundred in 1986, and one hundred thirty in 1989. Although the elected members of the Legislative Yuan did not have the majority to defeat legislation, they were able to use the Legislative Yuan as a platform to express [[political dissent]]. Opposition parties were formally illegal until 1991, but in the 1970s candidates to the Legislative Yuan would run as [[Tangwai movement|Tangwai]] ("outside the party"), and in 1985 candidates began to run under the banner of the [[Democratic Progressive Party]].

===Democratization===
The members of the Legislative Yuan with extended terms remained until 31 December 1991, when as part of subsequent Judicial Yuan ruling they were forced to retire and the members elected in 1989 remained until the 161 members of the Second Legislative Yuan were elected in December 1992. The third LY, elected in 1995, had 157 members serving 3-year terms. The fourth LY, elected in 1998, was expanded to 225 members in part to include legislators from the abolished provincial legislature of [[Taiwan Province]]. The Legislative Yuan greatly increased its prominence after the [[2000 Taiwan presidential election|2000 presidential elections]] in Taiwan when the [[Executive Yuan]] and [[President of the Republic of China|presidency]] was controlled by the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] while the Legislative Yuan had a large majority of [[Kuomintang]] members. The legislative elections in late 2001 produced a contentious situation in which the [[pan-blue coalition]] has only a thin majority over the governing [[pan-green coalition]] in the legislature,<ref name="Carr">{{Cite web|url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/taiwan/taiwan2001.txt |title=Taiwan |year=2001 |last=Carr |first=Adam |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012143734/http://psephos.adam-carr.net/taiwan/taiwan2001.txt |archive-date=October 12, 2004 }}</ref> making the passage of bills often dependent on the votes of a few defectors and independents. Because of the party situation there have been constitutional conflicts between the Legislative Yuan and the executive branch over the process of appointment for the [[Premier of the Republic of China|premier]] and whether the president has the power to call a special session.

Amid 70% public support, the Legislative Yuan voted 217–1 on 23 August 2004 for a package of amendments to:
* Halve the number of seats from 225 to 113
* Switch to a single-member district [[parallel voting]] electoral system
* Increase the terms of members from 3 to 4 years, to synchronize the legislative and presidential elections. (The change was implemented for the next election cycle, as the [[2008 Taiwan legislative election|legislative election]] was held in January 2008, and the [[2008 Taiwan presidential election|presidential election]] followed in March.)

The new electoral system installed in 2008 includes 73 plurality seats (one for each electoral district), 6 seats for [[Taiwan aborigine|aboriginals]], with the remaining 34 seats to be filled from [[party-list proportional representation|party lists]]. Every county has a minimum of 1 electoral district, thereby guaranteed at least one seat in the legislature, while half of the proportionally represented seats drawn from party lists must be women.

Additionally, the Legislative Yuan proposed to abolish the National Assembly. Future amendments would still be proposed by the LY by a three-fourths vote from a quorum of at least three-fourths of all members of the Legislature. After a mandatory 180-day promulgation period, the amendment would have to be ratified by an absolute majority of ''all'' eligible voters of the ROC ''irrespective'' of voter turnout. The latter requirement would allow a party to kill a referendum proposal by asking that their voters boycott the vote as was done by the KMT with the referendums associated with the [[2004 Taiwan presidential election|2004 presidential election]].

A DPP proposal to allow the citizens the right to initiate constitutional referendums was pulled off the table, due to a lack of support. The proposal was criticized for dangerously lowering the threshold for considering a constitutional amendment. Whereas a three-fourths vote of the LY would require that any proposed constitutional amendment have a broad political [[Consensus decision-making|consensus]] behind it, a citizen's initiative would allow a fraction of the electorate to force a constitutional referendum. It was feared that allowing this to occur would result in a referendum on [[Taiwan independence]] which would likely result in a crisis with the [[People's Republic of China]].

The Legislative Yuan also proposed to give itself the power to summon the president for an annual "state of the nation" address and launch a [[Recall election|recall]] of the president and vice president (proposed by one fourth and approved by two thirds of the legislators and be submitted to a nationwide referendum for approval or rejection by majority vote). The Legislative Yuan will also have the power to propose the [[impeachment]] of the president or vice president to the [[Council of Grand Justices]].

An ''ad hoc'' National Assembly was [[2005 Taiwan National Assembly election|elected and formed in 2005]] to ratify the amendments. The downsized Legislative Yuan took effect after [[2008 Taiwan legislative election|the 2008 elections]].

On 20 July 2007, the Legislative Yuan passed a [[Lobbying]] Act.<ref>Shih Hsiu-chuan [http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2007/07/21/2003370609 "Taiwan becomes third country to pass Lobbying Act"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929153542/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2007/07/21/2003370609 |date=2007-09-29 }}'', Taipei Times, 7/21/2007''</ref>

==Elections and terms==
{{Main|Legislative elections in Taiwan|Legislative Yuan constituencies}}
The [[Kuomintang]]-led [[government of the Republic of China]] [[Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan|retreated]] to [[Taiwan]] in 1949, the year following the [[1948 Chinese legislative election|first legislative elections (1948)]] after the enactment of the 1947 constitution. As the Kuomintang government continues to claim sovereignty over [[Mainland China]], the term of the original legislators was extended until "re-election is possible in their original [[electoral districts]]." In response to the increasing democracy movement in Taiwan, limited supplementary elections were held in [[Taiwan Province|Taiwan]] starting from 1969 and parts of [[Fujian Province, Republic of China|Fujian]] from 1972. Legislators elected in these supplementary elections served together with those who were elected in 1948. This situation remained until a Constitutional Court ([[Judicial Yuan]]) ruling on 21 June 1991 that ordered the retirement of all [[1948 Chinese legislative election|members with extended terms]] by the end of 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://web.cec.gov.tw/central/cms/elec_hist/21228 |title=中央選舉委員會歷次選舉摘要－立法委員選舉 |access-date=2020-08-25 |archive-date=2020-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910105150/https://web.cec.gov.tw/central/cms/elec_hist/21228 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{|class=wikitable
!Term!!Length!!Actual served!!Election!!Seats!!Note
|-
|align=center rowspan=8|'''1st'''||rowspan=8|Initially 3 years,<br />then limit removed by<br />''[[Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion|Temporary Provisions]]''||rowspan=8|{{start and end dates|1948|5|8|1993|1|31|df=y}}<br />(See ''Note'' column for<br />detailed terms)
|[[1948 Chinese legislative election|1948 election]]||759||The only election held in [[mainland China]]. 8 seats were elected in [[Taiwan Province|Taiwan]].<br />509 members [[Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan|retreated to Taiwan]] with the [[Government of the Republic of China|government]]; served until the end of 1991.
|-
|[[1969 Taiwanese legislative election|1969 1st supp]]||11||Elected in [[Taiwan (island)|Taiwan]]; terms equal to the 1948-elected members
|-
|[[1972 Taiwanese legislative election|1972 2nd supp]]||51||Elected in the [[Free area of the Republic of China|Free Area]] with 3-year terms.
|-
|[[1975 Taiwanese legislative election|1975 3rd supp]]||52||Elected in the [[Free area of the Republic of China|Free Area]] with 3-year terms; then extended to 5 years.
|-
|[[1980 Taiwanese legislative election|1980 4th supp]]||97||Elected in the [[Free area of the Republic of China|Free Area]] with 3-year terms.
|-
|[[1983 Taiwanese legislative election|1983 5th supp]]||98||Elected in the [[Free area of the Republic of China|Free Area]] with 3-year terms.
|-
|[[1986 Taiwanese legislative election|1986 6th supp]]||100||Elected in the [[Free area of the Republic of China|Free Area]] with 3-year terms.
|-
|[[1989 Taiwanese legislative election|1989 7th supp]]||130||Elected in the [[Free area of the Republic of China|Free Area]] with 3-year terms; served until Jan 31, 1993.
|-
|align=center|'''2nd'''||rowspan=5|3 years||{{start and end dates|1993|2|1|1996|1|31|df=y}}
|[[1992 Taiwanese legislative election|1992 election]]||161||Total re-election in the [[Free area of the Republic of China|Free Area]]
|-
|align=center|'''3rd'''||{{start and end dates|1996|2|1|1999|1|31|df=y}}
|[[1995 Taiwanese legislative election|1995 election]]||164||
|-
|align=center|'''4th'''||{{start and end dates|1999|2|1|2002|1|31|df=y}}
|[[1998 Taiwanese legislative election|1998 election]]||rowspan=3|225||
|-
|align=center|'''5th'''||{{start and end dates|2002|2|1|2005|1|31|df=y}}
|[[2001 Taiwanese legislative election|2001 election]]||
|-
|align=center|'''6th'''||{{start and end dates|2005|2|1|2008|1|31|df=y}}
|[[2004 Taiwanese legislative election|2004 election]]||
|-
|align=center|'''[[7th Legislative Yuan|7th]]'''||rowspan=5|4 years||{{start and end dates|2008|2|1|2012|1|31|df=y}}
|[[2008 Taiwanese legislative election|2008 election]]||rowspan=5|113||Introduced changes in the [[electoral system]], term length, and seat numbers. 
|-
|align=center|'''[[8th Legislative Yuan|8th]]'''||{{start and end dates|2012|2|1|2016|1|31|df=y}}
|[[2012 Taiwanese legislative election|2012 election]]||
|-
|align=center|'''[[9th Legislative Yuan|9th]]'''||{{start and end dates|2016|2|1|2020|1|31|df=y}}
|[[2016 Taiwanese legislative election|2016 election]]||
|-
|align=center|'''[[10th Legislative Yuan|10th]]'''||{{start and end dates|2020|2|1|2024|1|31|df=y}}
|[[2020 Taiwanese legislative election|2020 election]]||
|-
|align=center|'''[[11th Legislative Yuan|11th]]'''||{{start and end dates|2024|2|1|2028|1|31|df=y}}
|[[2024 Taiwanese legislative election|2024 election]]||Incumbent
|}

'''Timeline of Legislative Yuan elections and terms'''
<timeline>
ImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:20
PlotArea = right:80 left:100 bottom:60 top:10

DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1948  till:01/01/2033
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
Legend = orientation:vertical

Colors =
  id:gridmajor  value:gray(0.2)
  id:gridminor  value:gray(0.9)
  id:chn  value:redorange  legend:Elected_in_mainland_China_and_Taiwan
  id:spp  value:gray(0.5)  legend:Supplementary_members_elected_in_Taiwan
  id:twn  value:oceanblue  legend:Elected_in_Taiwan_after_1991_amendments

ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gridmajor unit:year increment:5 start:01/01/1950
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gridminor unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/1948

BarData =
  bar:1st  text:1st
  bar:sp0  text:1st, supp
  bar:sp1  text:1st, 1st supp
  bar:sp2  text:1st, 2nd supp
  bar:sp3  text:1st, 3rd supp
  bar:sp4  text:1st, 4th supp
  bar:sp5  text:1st, 5th supp
  bar:sp6  text:1st, 6th supp
  bar:2nd  text:2nd
  bar:3rd  text:3rd
  bar:4th  text:4th
  bar:5th  text:5th
  bar:6th  text:6th
  bar:7th  text:7th
  bar:8th  text:8th
  bar:9th  text:9th
  bar:10th  text:10th
  bar:11th  text:11th

PlotData =
  width:15 textcolor:black shift:(5,-5) anchor:till fontsize:m
  bar:1st
    from: 05/18/1948  till: 12/31/1991  color:chn  text:759 seats (1948)
  bar:sp0
    from: 02/01/1970  till: 12/31/1991  color:spp  text:11 seats
  bar:sp1
    from: 02/01/1973  till: 01/31/1976  color:spp  text:51 seats
  bar:sp2
    from: 02/01/1976  till: 01/31/1981  color:spp  text:52 seats
  bar:sp3
    from: 02/01/1981  till: 01/31/1984  color:spp  text:97 seats
  bar:sp4
    from: 02/01/1984  till: 01/31/1987  color:spp  text:98 seats
  bar:sp5
    from: 02/01/1987  till: 01/31/1990  color:spp  text:100 seats
  bar:sp6
    from: 02/01/1990  till: 01/31/1993  color:spp  text:130 seats
  bar:2nd
    from: 02/01/1993  till: 01/31/1996  color:twn  text:161 seats
  bar:3rd
    from: 02/01/1996  till: 01/31/1999  color:twn  text:163 seats
  bar:4th
    from: 02/01/1999  till: 01/31/2002  color:twn  text:225 seats
  bar:5th
    from: 02/01/2002  till: 01/31/2005  color:twn  text:225 seats
  bar:6th
    from: 02/01/2005  till: 01/31/2008  color:twn  text:225 seats
  bar:7th
    from: 02/01/2008  till: 01/31/2012  color:twn  text:113 seats
  bar:8th
    from: 02/01/2012  till: 01/31/2016  color:twn  text:113 seats
  bar:9th
    from: 02/01/2016  till: 01/31/2020  color:twn  text:113 seats
  bar:10th
    from: 02/01/2020  till: 01/31/2024  color:twn  text:113 seats
  bar:11th
    from: 02/01/2024  till: 01/31/2028  color:twn  text:113 seats

</timeline>
The legislature had 225 members during the 4th, 5th, and 6th terms. Legislators were elected as follows:
* 168 were elected by popular vote through [[single non-transferable vote]] in multi-member consistencies.
* 41 were elected on the basis of the proportion of nationwide votes received by participating political parties.
* 8 were allocated for [[overseas Chinese|overseas citizens]] and were selected by the parties on the basis of the proportion of votes received nationwide.
* 8 seats were reserved for the [[Taiwanese indigenous peoples|indigenous populations]].

Since the 7th term, the 113 legislators are elected to office as follows:
*73 are elected under the [[Plurality voting system|first-past-the-post]] system in single-member constituencies.
*34 are elected under the [[Proportional representation|supplementary member]] system on a second ballot, based on nationwide votes, and calculated using the [[largest remainder method]] by the Hare quota.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:公職人員選舉罷免法-全國法規資料庫入口網站|url=http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawParaDeatil.aspx?Pcode=D0020010&LCNOS=++67+++&LCC=3|website=law.moj.gov.tw|access-date=27 August 2017|language=zh|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414110309/https://law.moj.gov.tw/ErrorPage.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> Any party which receives 5% or more of the party vote can enter the parliament. For each party, at least half of the legislators elected under this system must be female.
*6 seats are elected by [[Taiwanese indigenous peoples|indigenous]] voters through [[single non-transferable vote]] in two three-member constituencies.

== Composition by term ==
The [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) held a [[supermajority]] of seats in the Legislative Yuan between 1948 and 1991, while some seats were held by the [[Chinese Youth Party]] (CYP) and the [[China Democratic Socialist Party]] (CDSP). Through the limited supplementary elections held in since the 1970s, the [[Tangwai movement]] saw their share of seats increase. Most members in the Tangwai movement joined the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] (DPP) after its founding in the late 1980s.

{{legend2|lightgreen|Majority}}
{{legend2|lightyellow|Plurality only}}
{{legend2|lightpink|Largest minority}}
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"
!rowspan=2|Term
!colspan=5|Majority{{efn|name=beginning|Beginning of term}}
!rowspan=2|Speaker
!colspan=5|Minority{{efn|name=beginning|Beginning of term}}
!rowspan=2|Total<br />seats
|-
!colspan=2|Party!!Party leader!!Caucus leader!!Seats
!Seats!!Caucus leader!!Party leader!!colspan=2|Party

|-
|rowspan=2 align=center|'''1st'''<br />{{small|(1992)}}
|rowspan=2 style="background: {{party color|Kuomintang}};"| ||rowspan=2|[[Kuomintang|KMT]]
|rowspan=2|[[Lee Teng-hui]]
|rowspan=2|
|rowspan=2 style="background:lightgreen;"|94
|rowspan=2|[[Liu Sung-pan]]
|style="background:lightpink;"|21
|
|[[Hsu Hsin-liang]]
|[[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]]||style="background: {{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}};"| 
|rowspan=2|130
|-
|1||{{n/a}}||
|[[Chinese Youth Party|CYP]]||style="background: #EEBB33;"| 
|-
|bgcolor=grey colspan=13|
|-
|rowspan=2 align=center|'''2nd'''
|rowspan=2 style="background: {{party color|Kuomintang}};"| ||rowspan=2|[[Kuomintang|KMT]]
|rowspan=2|[[Lee Teng-hui]]
|rowspan=2| 
|rowspan=2 style="background:lightgreen;"|95
|rowspan=2|[[Liu Sung-pan]]
|style="background:lightpink;"|51
|[[Shih Ming-teh]]
|[[Hsu Hsin-liang]] (1992–1993)<br />[[Shih Ming-teh]] (1993–1995)
|[[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]]||style="background: {{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}};"| 
|rowspan=2|162
|-
|1||{{n/a}}||[[Ju Gau-jeng]]
|[[Chinese Social Democratic Party|CSDP]]||style="background: #EEBB33;"| 
|-
|bgcolor=grey colspan =13|
|-
|rowspan=2|'''3rd'''
|rowspan=2 style="background: {{party color|Kuomintang}};"| ||rowspan=2|[[Kuomintang|KMT]]
|rowspan=2|[[Lee Teng-hui]]||rowspan=2|
|rowspan=2 style="background:lightgreen;"|85
|rowspan=2|[[Liu Sung-pan]]
|style="background:lightpink;"| 54
|[[Shih Ming-teh]]
|[[Shih Ming-teh]] (1995–1996)<br />[[Hsu Hsin-liang]] (1996–1998)<br />[[Lin Yi-hsiung]] (1998)
|[[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]]||style="background: {{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}};"| 
|rowspan=2| 164
|-
|21||[[Chou Yang-shan]]||[[Chen Kuei-miao]]
|[[New Party (Taiwan)|NP]]||style="background: {{party color|New Party (Taiwan)}};"| 
|-
|bgcolor=grey colspan=13|
|-
|rowspan=6|'''4th'''
|rowspan=6 style="background: {{party color|Kuomintang}};"| ||rowspan=6|[[Kuomintang|KMT]]
|rowspan=6|[[Lee Teng-hui]] (1998–2000)<br />[[Lien Chan]] (2000–2001)
|rowspan=6|[[Hong Yuh-chin]]
|rowspan=6 style="background:lightgreen;"| 123
|rowspan=6|[[Wang Jin-pyng]]
|style="background:lightpink;"|70
|[[Shih Ming-teh]]
|[[Lin Yi-hsiung]] (1998–2000)<br />[[Frank Hsieh]] (2000–2001)
|[[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]]||style="background: {{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}};"| 
|rowspan=6|225
|-
|11||[[Hsieh Chi-ta]] (2001)||[[Chou Yang-shan]]
|[[New Party (Taiwan)|NP]]||style="background: {{party color|New Party (Taiwan)}};"| 
|-
|4|| ||
|[[Democratic Union of Taiwan|DUT]]||style="background: #FFCC33;"| 
|-
|3||[[Yeh Hsien-hsiu]]||
|[[Democratic Non-Partisan Alliance|DNPA]]||style="background: #FFDD77;"| 
|-
|1||{{n/a}}||
|[[New Nation Alliance (Taiwan)|NNA]]||style="background: #5d2971;"| 
|-
|1||{{n/a}}||
|[[Taiwan Independence Party|TIP]]||style="background: #6EC5DC;"|
|-
|bgcolor=grey colspan=13|
|-
|rowspan=4|'''5th'''
|rowspan=4 style="background: {{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}};"| ||rowspan=4|[[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]]
|rowspan=4|[[Frank Hsieh]] (2001–2002)<br />[[Chen Shui-bian]] (2002–2004)
|rowspan=4|[[Ker Chien-ming]]
|rowspan=4 style="background:lightyellow;"|87
|rowspan=4|[[Wang Jin-pyng]]
|style="background:lightpink;"|68
|[[Hong Yuh-chin]]
|[[Lien Chan]]
|[[Kuomintang|KMT]]||style="background: {{party color|Kuomintang}};"| 
|rowspan=4|225
|-
|46||[[Chung Shao-ho]]||[[James Soong]]
|[[People First Party (Taiwan)|PFP]]||style="background: {{party color|People First Party (Taiwan)}};"| 
|-
|13||[[Liao Pen-yen]]||[[Huang Chu-wen]]
|[[Taiwan Solidarity Union|TSU]]||style="background: {{party color|Taiwan Solidarity Union}};"| 
|-
|1||{{n/a}}||[[Yok Mu-ming]]
|[[New Party (Taiwan)|NP]]||style="background: {{party color|New Party (Taiwan)}};"| 
|-
|bgcolor=grey colspan=13|
|-
|rowspan=5|'''6th'''
|rowspan=5 style="background: {{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}};"| ||rowspan="5"| [[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]]
|rowspan=5|[[Su Tseng-chang]] (2005)<br />[[Yu Shyi-kun]] (2006–2007)<br />[[Chen Shui-bian]] (2007–2008)
|rowspan=5|[[Ker Chien-ming]]
|rowspan=5 style="background:lightyellow;"|89
|rowspan=5|[[Wang Jin-pyng]]
|style="background:lightpink;"|79
|[[Tseng Yung-chuan]]
|[[Lien Chan]] (2004–2005)<br />[[Ma Ying-jeou]] (2005–2007)<br />[[Wu Po-hsiung]] (2007)<br />[[Chiang Pin-kung]] (2007)<br />[[Wu Po-hsiung]] (2007–2008)
|[[Kuomintang|KMT]]||style="background: {{party color|Kuomintang}};"| 
|rowspan=5|225
|-
|34||[[Daniel Huang]]||[[James Soong]]
|[[People First Party (Taiwan)|PFP]]||style="background: {{party color|People First Party (Taiwan)}};"| 
|-
|12|| 
|[[Huang Chu-wen]] (2004)<br />[[Shu Chin-chiang]] (2005–2006)<br />[[Huang Kun-huei]] (2007–2008)
|[[Taiwan Solidarity Union|TSU]]||style="background: {{party color|Taiwan Solidarity Union}};"| 
|-
|6||[[Yen Ching-piao]]||[[Chang Po-ya]]
|[[Non-Partisan Solidarity Union|NPSU]]||style="background: {{party color|Non-Partisan Solidarity Union}};"| 
|-
|1||{{n/a}}||[[Yok Mu-ming]]
|[[New Party (Taiwan)|NP]]||style="background: {{party color|New Party (Taiwan)}};"| 
|-
|bgcolor=grey colspan=13|
|-
|rowspan=4|'''[[7th Legislative Yuan|7th]]'''
|rowspan=4 style="background: {{party color|Kuomintang}};" | ||rowspan=5|[[Kuomintang|KMT]]
|rowspan=4| [[Wu Po-hsiung]] (2008–2009)<br />[[Ma Ying-jeou]] (2009–2012)
|rowspan=4| [[Tseng Yung-chuan]] (2008)<br />[[Lin Yi-shih]] (2008–2012)
|rowspan=4 style="background:lightgreen;"| 81→74{{efn|name=by|Due to by-elections}}
|rowspan=4|[[Wang Jin-pyng]]
|style="background:lightpink;"| 27→33{{efn|name=by}}
|[[Ker Chien-ming]]
|[[Chen Shui-bian]] (2008)<br />[[Tsai Ing-wen]] (2008–2012)
|[[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]]||style="background: {{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}};"| 
|rowspan=5|113
|-
|3||rowspan=2| ||[[Lin Pin-kuan]]
|[[Non-Partisan Solidarity Union|NPSU]]||style="background: {{party color|Non-Partisan Solidarity Union}};"| 
|-
|0→1{{efn|name=by}}||{{n/a}}
|[[Independent politician|Indep.]]||style="background: {{party color|Non-partisan}};"| 
|-
|1||{{n/a}}||[[James Soong]]
|[[People First Party (Taiwan)|PFP]]||style="background: {{party color|People First Party (Taiwan)}};"| 
|-
|bgcolor=grey colspan=13|
|-
|rowspan=4|'''[[8th Legislative Yuan|8th]]'''
|rowspan=3 style="background: {{party color|Kuomintang}};"| ||rowspan=3 |[[Kuomintang|KMT]]
|rowspan=3|[[Ma Ying-jeou]] (2012–2014)<br />[[Wu Den-yih]] (2014–2015)<br />[[Eric Chu|Eric Chu Li-luan]] (2015–2016)
|rowspan=4|[[Lin Hung-chih]] (2012–2014)<br />[[Alex Fai|Alex Fai Hrong-tai]] (2014–2015)<br />[[Lai Shyh-bao]] (2015–2016)
|rowspan=3 style="background:lightgreen;"| 64→66{{efn|name=by}}{{efn|name=change|Due to changes in member affiliation}}
|rowspan=4|[[Wang Jin-pyng]]
|style="background:lightpink;"|40
|[[Ker Chien-ming]]
|[[Tsai Ing-wen]] (2012)<br />[[Su Tseng-chang]] (2012–2014)<br />[[Tsai Ing-wen]] (2014–2016)
|[[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]]||style="background: {{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}};"|
|rowspan=4|113
|-
|3||[[Lisa Huang]]<br />[[Lai Chen-chang]]||[[Huang Kun-huei]]
|[[Taiwan Solidarity Union|TSU]]||style="background: {{party color|Taiwan Solidarity Union}};"|
|-
|3→2{{efn|One member lost due to criminal charge}}
|rowspan=2|[[Thomas Lee (Taiwanese politician)|Thomas Lee]]||[[James Soong]]
|[[People First Party (Taiwan)|PFP]]||style="background: {{party color|People First Party (Taiwan)}};"| 
|-
|style="background: {{party color|Non-partisan}};"| ||[[Independent politician|Indep.]]||{{n/a}}
|style="background:lightgreen;" |1→0{{efn|name=change}}
|2→1{{efn|name=by}}||[[Lin Pin-kuan]]
|[[Non-Partisan Solidarity Union|NPSU]]||style="background: {{party color|Non-Partisan Solidarity Union}};"| 
|-
|bgcolor=grey colspan=13|
|-
|rowspan=4|'''[[9th Legislative Yuan|9th]]'''
|rowspan=3 style="background: {{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}};"| ||rowspan=3|[[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]]
|rowspan=3|[[Tsai Ing-wen]] (2016–2018)<br />[[Cho Jung-tai]] (2019–2020)
|rowspan=4|[[Ker Chien-ming]]
|rowspan=3 style="background:lightgreen;"|68
|rowspan=4|[[Su Jia-chyuan]]
|style="background:lightpink;"|35
|[[Lai Shyh-bao]] (2016)<br />[[Liao Kuo-tung]] (2016–2017)<br />[[Lin Te-fu]] (2017–2018)<br />[[Johnny Chiang]] (2018–2019)<br />[[Tseng Ming-chung]] (2019–2020)
|''[[Huang Min-hui]]'' (2016)<br />[[Hung Hsiu-chu]] (2016–2017)<br />[[Wu Den-yih]] (2017–2020)
|[[Kuomintang|KMT]]||style="background: {{party color|Kuomintang}};"|
|rowspan=4|113
|-
|5→3{{efn|name=change}}||[[Hsu Yung-ming]]
|[[Huang Kuo-chang]] (2016–2019)<br />[[Chiu Hsien-chih]] (2019)<br />[[Hsu Yung-ming]] (2019–2020)
|[[New Power Party|NPP]]||style="background:{{party color|New Power Party}};"|
|-
|3||rowspan=2|[[Lee Hung-chun]]||[[James Soong]]
|[[People First Party (Taiwan)|PFP]]||style="background: {{party color|People First Party (Taiwan)}};"| 
|-
|style="background: {{party color|Non-partisan}};"|  ||[[Independent politician|Indep.]]
|{{n/a}}||style="background:lightgreen;"|1
|1||[[Lin Pin-kuan]]
|[[Non-Partisan Solidarity Union|NPSU]]||style="background: {{party color|Non-Partisan Solidarity Union}};"|
|-
|bgcolor=grey colspan=13|
|-
|rowspan=6|'''[[10th Legislative Yuan|10th]]'''
|rowspan=5 style="background: {{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}};"| ||rowspan=5|[[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]]
|rowspan=5|[[Cho Jung-tai]] (2020)<br />[[Tsai Ing-wen]] (2020–2022)<br />[[William Lai]] (2023–2024)
|rowspan=6|[[Ker Chien-ming]]
|rowspan=5 style="background:lightgreen;"|61→62{{efn|name=change}}
|rowspan=6|[[Yu Shyi-kun]]
|style="background:lightpink;"|38→37{{efn|name=change}}
|rowspan=2|[[Lin Wei-chou]] (2020–2021) <br />[[Alex Fai]] (2021–2022) <br />[[Tseng Ming-chung]] (2022–2024)
|''[[Lin Jung-te]]'' (2020)<br />[[Johnny Chiang]] (2020–2021)<br />[[Eric Chu]] (2021–2024)
|[[Kuomintang|KMT]]||style="background: {{party color|Kuomintang}};"| 
|rowspan=6|113
|-
|style="background:lightpink;"|2→1{{efn|name=change}}||{{n/a}}
|[[Independent politician|Indep.]]||style="background: {{party color|Non-partisan}};"| 
|-
|5||[[Lai Hsiang-lin]]||[[Ko Wen-je]]
|[[Taiwan People's Party|TPP]]||style="background: {{party color|Taiwan People's Party}};"|
|-
|3||[[Chiu Hsien-chih]]||[[Hsu Yung-ming]] (2020)<br />[[Chiu Hsien-chih]] (2020)<br />[[Kao Yu-ting]] (2020)<br />[[Chen Jiau-hua]] (2020–2023)<br />[[Claire Wang]] (2023–2024)
|[[New Power Party|NPP]]||style="background: {{party color|New Power Party}};"|
|-
|1→0{{efn|Recalled}}||{{n/a}}||[[Chen Yi-chi]]
|[[Taiwan Statebuilding Party|TSP]]||style="background: {{party color|Taiwan Statebuilding Party}};"|
|-
|style="background: {{party color|Non-partisan}};"| ||[[Independent politician|Indep.]]||{{n/a}}
|style="background:lightgreen;" |2
|1→2{{efn|name=change}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|[[Independent politician|Indep.]]||style="background: {{party color|Non-partisan}};"|
|-
|bgcolor=grey colspan=13|
|-
|rowspan=2|'''[[11th Legislative Yuan|11th]]'''
| style="background: {{party color|Kuomintang}};"| ||[[Kuomintang|KMT]]
|[[Eric Chu]]
|rowspan=2|[[Fu Kun-chi]]
| style="background:lightyellow;"|52
|rowspan=2|[[Han Kuo-yu]]
|style="background:lightpink;"|51
|[[Ker Chien-ming]] 
|[[William Lai]]
|[[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]]||style="background: {{party color|Democratic Progressive Party}};"| 
|rowspan=2|113
|-
|style="background: {{party color|Non-partisan}};"| ||[[Independent politician|Indep.]]||{{n/a}}
|style="background:lightyellow;" |2
|8||[[Huang Kuo-chang]]||[[Ko Wen-je]]
|[[Taiwan People's Party|TPP]]||style="background: {{party color|Taiwan People's Party}};"|
|}

==Issues==
===Protests and occupation===
{{See also|Sunflower Student Movement}}
On 18 March 2014, the Legislative Yuan was [[Sunflower Student Movement|occupied]] by protesting students.<ref>{{cite news |title=TRADE PACT SIEGE: Legislative Yuan occupation timeline |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/04/11/2003587787 |date=11 April 2014 |access-date=19 January 2015 |newspaper=Taipei Times |archive-date=20 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120114243/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/04/11/2003587787 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Legislative violence===
Much of the work of the Legislative Yuan is done via legislative committees, and a common sight on Taiwanese television involves officials of the executive branch answering extremely hostile questions from opposition members in committees. In the 1990s, there were a number of cases of [[legislative violence|violence breaking out on the floor]], usually triggered by some perceived unfair procedure ruling, but in recent years, these have become less common. There was a brawl involving 50 legislators in January 2007 and an incident involving 40 legislators on 8 May 2007 when a speaker attempted to speak about reconfiguring the Central Election Committee. It has been alleged that fights are staged and planned in advance.<ref>"Parliamentary antics said to be staged", Taiwan News (newspaper), Vol. 58, No. 322, 18 May 2007, p. 2</ref> These antics led the scientific humor magazine ''[[Annals of Improbable Research]]'' to award the Legislative Yuan its [[Ig Nobel Prize|Ig Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1995 "for demonstrating that politicians gain more by punching, kicking and gouging each other than by waging war against other nations".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://improbable.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html#ig1995 |title=The 1995 Ig Nobel Prize Winners |work=Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize |publisher=Annals of Improbable Research |access-date=2009-02-10 |archive-date=2009-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830181439/http://improbable.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html#ig1995 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 29 June 2020 more than 20 lawmakers affiliated with the [[Kuomintang]] took over the legislature over night, blocking entry to the main chamber with chains and chairs, saying the government was trying to force through legislation and demanding the president withdraw the nomination of a close aide to a high-level watchdog. [[Democratic Progressive Party]] lawmakers forced themselves in while there were scuffles and shouting with Kuomintang lawmakers. On 18 May 2024, a lawmaker attempted to steal a bill in an attempt to prevent it from being passed. This resulted in a brawl on the chamber floor due to the chaos.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Irwin |first=Lauren |date=2024-05-18 |title=Member of Taiwan's parliament steals bill to prevent its passage |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/4671868-taiwan-parliament-member-steals-bill-prevent-passage/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Building ==
The current Legislative Yuan building in Taipei, was formerly the {{nihongo4|'''Taihoku Prefectural Taihoku Second Girls' High School'''|台北州立台北第二高等女學校}} constructed during the [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese colonial rule]] since 1960 with the administrative offices previously a dormitory. Over the years, there were several proposals to relocate the Legislative Yuan. The 1990 proposal to move the legislature to the location of the defunct Huashan station, was passed in 1992, then abandoned after the budget was cut. A second proposal in 1999 suggested that the legislature move to what had previously served as Air Force Command Headquarters. This proposition was opposed by the [[Taipei City Council]] and funds for disaster relief became a priority after the [[1999 Jiji earthquake|Jiji earthquake]].<ref name="19sites">{{cite news |last1=Liu |first1=Tzu-hsuan |title=Speaker to visit 19 proposed legislature sites |url=https://taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2022/04/19/2003776835 |access-date=19 April 2022 |work=Taipei Times |date=19 April 2022 |archive-date=18 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418170639/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2022/04/19/2003776835 |url-status=live }}</ref> Other relocation proposals include moving the parliament to Taichung,<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2022/01/02/2003770578|title = Plans to move legislature to be presented next year - Taipei Times|date = 2 January 2022|access-date = 19 February 2022|archive-date = 19 February 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220219221913/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2022/01/02/2003770578|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2021/01/04/2003749912|title = FEATURE: Taichung still popular pick for LY relocation - Taipei Times|date = 4 January 2021|access-date = 19 February 2022|archive-date = 19 February 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220219221918/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2021/01/04/2003749912|url-status = live}}</ref> [[New Taipei]], [[Changhua County]], or [[Yilan County, Taiwan|Yilan County]].<ref name="19sites"/> In 2022, graduate students from several Taiwanese universities were invited to submit designs for a new building.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chung |first1=Jake |title=Speaker attends design exhibit for new legislature |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2022/07/10/2003781495 |access-date=10 July 2022 |work=Taipei Times |date=10 July 2022 |archive-date=9 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709231827/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2022/07/10/2003781495 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="220">
File:中華民國立法院 (議場内) Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China (chamber, interior).jpg|The chamber of the Legislative Yuan
File:Legislative Yuan (0212).JPG|Legislative Yuan building
File:高雄市長 韓國瑜.jpg|[[Han Kuo-yu]], the current [[president of the Legislative Yuan]]
File:Wang Jin-pyng, President of the Legislative Yuan (7172294519).jpg|[[Wang Jin-pyng]], the longest-serving [[president of the Legislative Yuan]]
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Taiwan|China}}
* [[11th Legislative Yuan]]
* [[Politics of the Republic of China]]
* [[History of the Republic of China]]
* [[Legislative violence]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Legislative Yuan}}
{{Wikibooks|Annotated Republic of China Laws/Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China/Article 4}}
* {{Official website|http://www.ly.gov.tw}}

{{Constituencies of Taiwan}}
{{Taiwan topics}}
{{Legislatures of Taiwan}}
{{Asia topic|Parliament of}}
{{National unicameral legislatures}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|25.0439|N|121.5195|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

[[Category:Legislative Yuan| ]]
[[Category:National legislatures|Taiwan]]
[[Category:Unicameral legislatures|Taiwan]]
[[Category:Parliaments by country|Taiwan]]
[[Category:1928 establishments in China]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Ig Nobel laureates]]