Editing Leipzig

{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox German location
|German_name        = <small>{{native name|sxu|Leibz'sch}}</small> <br />
<small>{{native name|hsb|Lipsk}}</small>
|type               = City
|image_flag         = Flag of Leipzig.svg
|image_coa          = Coat of arms of Leipzig.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|51|20|24|N|12|22|30|E|display=it}}
|state              = Sachsen
|district           = urban
|elevation          = 
|image_photo        = {{Multiple image
 |caption_align = center
 |border = infobox
 |total_width = 290
 |perrow = 1/3/2/1
 |image1 = Leipzig von oben - panoramio (1).jpg
 |caption1 = View over Leipzig
 |image2 = Das Gewandhaus und der Mendebrunnen in Leipzig bei Nacht.jpg
 |caption2 = [[Gewandhaus]]
 |image3 = Völkerschlachtdenkmal 2023 (cropped).jpg
 |caption3 = [[Monument to the Battle of the Nations|Völkerschlachtdenkmal]]
 |image4 = Bundesverwaltungsgericht Leipzig Eingang 2013.jpg
 |caption4 = [[Federal Administrative Court (Germany)|BVerwG]]
 |image5 = Old city hall of Leipzig (20).jpg
 |caption5 = [[Old Town Hall (Leipzig)|Old Town Hall]]
 |image6 = Neues Rathaus Leipzig von Panorama Tower 2013.jpg
 |caption6 = [[New Town Hall (Leipzig)|New Town Hall]]
 |image7 = Leipzig Augustusplatz 2019.jpg
 |caption7 = [[Augustusplatz]]
 }}
|area               = 297.36
|Gemeindeschlüssel  = 14713000
|pop_metro          = 1,001,220 ([[Larger urban zone|LUZ]])<ref name="Eurostat">{{cite web |url=https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en |title=Population on 1 January by age groups and sex – functional urban areas |publisher=Eurostat |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-date=20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220100106/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
|postal_code        = 04001–04357
|area_code          = 0341
|licence            = L
 |website            = {{URL|https://english.leipzig.de/|leipzig.de}}
|mayor              = [[Burkhard Jung]]<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-2020-wahlergebnisse.php Wahlergebnisse 2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711192236/https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-2020-wahlergebnisse.php |date=11 July 2021 }}, Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.</ref>
|leader_term        = 2020&ndash;27
|Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
|party              = SPD
}}

'''Leipzig''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|aɪ|p|s|ɪ|ɡ|,_|-|s|ɪ|x|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Leipzig.wav}}, {{respell|LYPE|sig|,_-|sikh}};<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Leipzig |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/Leipzig |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213170628/https://www.lexico.com/definition/leipzig |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 February 2020 |title=Leipzig |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Leipzig |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite EPD|18|Leipzig}}</ref> {{IPA|de|ˈlaɪptsɪç|lang|De-Leipzig2.ogg}}; [[Upper Saxon]]: {{lang|sxu|Leibz'sch}}; {{langx|hsb|Lipsk}}) is the most populous city in the [[States of Germany|German state]] of [[Saxony]]. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023.<ref name="Lstat">{{cite web |url=https://www.leipzig.de/buergerservice-und-verwaltung/unsere-stadt/statistik-und-zahlen/einwohner-und-bevoelkerungsentwicklung |title=Population of Leipzig |publisher=Leipzig.de |access-date=13 October 2023 |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506232011/https://www.leipzig.de/buergerservice-und-verwaltung/unsere-stadt/statistik-und-zahlen/einwohner-und-bevoelkerungsentwicklung/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It is the [[List of cities in Germany by population|eighth-largest city]] in Germany and is part of the [[Central German Metropolitan Region]]. The name of the city is usually interpreted as a Slavic term meaning ''place of [[linden tree]]s'', in line with many other Slavic placenames in the region.<ref>The ultimate origin of the name is, however, disputed, cf. the footnote on the section "Etymology" below.</ref>

Leipzig is located about {{cvt|150|km|-1}} southwest of Berlin, in the southernmost part of the [[North German Plain]] (the [[Leipzig Bay]]), at the confluence of the [[White Elster]] and its tributaries [[Pleiße]] and [[Parthe]]. The [[Leipzig Riverside Forest]], Europe's largest intra-city [[riparian forest]], has developed along these rivers. 

Leipzig is at the centre of [[Neuseenland]] (''new lake district''). This district has [[Bodies of water in Leipzig|several artificial lakes]] created from former lignite [[Open-pit_mining|open-pit mines]].

Leipzig has been a trade city since at least the time of the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.city-tourist.de/city-tourist.de-Leipzig-Shopping.htm |title=Shopping Tipps Leipzig :: Passagen :: Innenstadt :: Hauptbahnhof :: Informationen ::Infos :: Hinweise :: Beiträge :: Tipps :: Einkaufen |publisher=City-tourist.de |access-date=26 March 2013 |archive-date=29 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529053242/http://www.city-tourist.de/city-tourist.de-Leipzig-Shopping.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Via Regia]] and the [[Via Imperii]], two important medieval trade routes, intersected here, marking the city's economic importance. Leipzig's trade fair dates to 1190. Between 1764 and 1945, the city was a centre of publishing.<ref name="idehist.uu.se">{{cite web |url=https://www.idehist.uu.se/distans/ilmh/Ren/bokt-frankfurt.htm |title=The Frankfurt Fair |website=idehist.uu.se |language=en |access-date=21 September 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403062816/https//www.idehist.uu.se/distans/ilmh/Ren/bokt-frankfurt.htm |archive-date=3 April 2012}}</ref> After the [[Second World War]] and during the period of the German Democratic Republic ([[East Germany]]), Leipzig continued as a major urban centre in East Germany. But overall, because of isolation behind the [[Iron Curtain]], its cultural and economic importance declined.<ref name="idehist.uu.se" />

Events in Leipzig in 1989 played a significant role in precipitating the [[fall of communism]] in [[Central Europe|Central]] and Eastern Europe, mainly through [[Monday demonstrations in East Germany|demonstrations]] starting from [[St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig|St. Nicholas Church]]. The immediate effects of the [[reunification of Germany]] included the collapse of the local economy (which was dependent on the highly polluting [[heavy industry]]), severe unemployment, and urban blight. 

By the early 2000s the decline had reversed, and since then Leipzig has undergone some significant changes. It has had urban and economic rejuvenation, and modernisation of the transport infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.leipzig.de/de/business/invest/infrastrukt/ |title=Infrastruktur |work=leipzig.de |access-date=13 October 2023 |archive-date=20 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320183356/http://www.leipzig.de/de/business/invest/infrastrukt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Power-2016" />

Leipzig is home to one of the [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation|oldest universities]] in Europe ([[Leipzig University]]). It is the main seat of the [[German National Library]] (the second is [[Frankfurt]]), the seat of the [[German Music Archive]], as well as of the German [[Federal Administrative Court (Germany)|Federal Administrative Court]]. [[Leipzig Zoological Garden|Leipzig Zoo]] is one of the most modern zoos in Europe and as of 2018 ranks first in Germany and second in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zoo-leipzig.de/artikel/zoo-leipzig-bester-zoo-deutschlands-und-vom-europaeischen-verband-akkreditiert-852/ |title=Zoo Leipzig:Zoo der Zukunft |publisher=Zoo-leipzig.de |access-date=13 October 2023 |archive-date=16 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016001030/https://www.zoo-leipzig.de/artikel/zoo-leipzig-bester-zoo-deutschlands-und-vom-europaeischen-verband-akkreditiert-852/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 

Leipzig's late-19th-century [[Gründerzeit]] architecture consists of around 12,500 buildings.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 |title=Archived copy |access-date=16 March 2024 |archive-date=29 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329165923/https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.leipziginfo.de/magazin/architektur-der-gruenderzeit/ | title=Leipzig - Architektur der Gründerzeit - LEIPZIGINFO.DE | access-date=16 March 2024 | archive-date=16 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316184451/https://www.leipziginfo.de/magazin/architektur-der-gruenderzeit/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The city's central railway terminus [[Leipzig Hauptbahnhof]] is, at 83,460 square metres (898,400 sq ft), Europe's largest railway station measured by floor area. Since [[Leipzig City Tunnel]] came into operation in 2013, it has formed the centrepiece of the [[S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland]] (''[[S-Bahn]] Central Germany'') public transit system, Germany's largest S-Bahn network, with a system length of 802 km (498 mi).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.s-bahn-mitteldeutschland.de/s_mitteldeutschland/view/index.shtml |title=Die S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland stellt sich vor |first=Deutsche Bahn AG, Unternehmensbereich Personenverkehr, Marketing |last=eCommerce |website=www.s-bahn-mitteldeutschland.de |access-date=7 November 2016 |archive-date=24 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224071619/http://www.s-bahn-mitteldeutschland.de/s_mitteldeutschland/view/index.shtml |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Leipzig has long been a major centre for music, including classical and modern [[dark wave]]. The [[Thomanerchor]] (English: St. Thomas Choir of Leipzig), a boys' choir, was founded in 1212. The [[Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]], established in 1743, is one of the oldest symphony orchestras in the world. Several well-known composers lived and worked in Leipzig, including [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] (1723 to 1750), [[Felix Mendelssohn]] (1835 to 1847), and [[Richard Wagner]], born in 1813. The [[University of Music and Theatre Leipzig|University of Music and Theatre "Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy"]] was founded in 1843. The [[Leipzig Opera|Oper Leipzig]], one of the most prominent opera houses in Germany, was founded in 1693. During a stay in [[Gohlis]], which is now part of the city, [[Friedrich Schiller]] wrote his poem "[[Ode to Joy]]".

==Names==

A once common English spelling of the city's name was '''{{lang|ang|Leipsic}}''', beside many variants. The [[Latin]] name '''{{lang|la|Lipsia}}''' was also used in many languages and in the academic publications of the city's university.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mmh.cz/lingua/lamj_la |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714185917/http://mmh.cz/lingua/lamj_la |url-status=dead |title=Lexicum nominum geographicorum latinorum |date=14 July 2012 |archive-date=14 July 2012}}</ref>

===Etymology===
The name ''Leipzig'' is commonly held to derive from ''lipa'', the common [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] designation for [[Tilia|linden trees]], making the city's name etymologically related to [[Lipetsk|Lipetsk, Russia]]. Based on medieval attestations like ''Lipzk'' (c. 1190), the original Slavic name of the city has been reconstructed as ''*Lipьsko'', which is also reflected in similar forms in neighbouring modern Slavic languages (Sorbian/Polish ''Lipsk'', Czech ''Lipsko''). This has, however, been questioned by more recent [[Onomastics|onomastic]] research based on the very oldest forms like ''Libzi'' (c. 1015).<ref>The very oldest written evidence (11th/12th c.) consistently shows forms like ''Libzi'' (first mention of Leipzig, 1015) whose ''-b-'' is difficult to reconcile with ''lipa''. Also, the ending ''-zi'' points to a plural personal name (roughly, "at the [X] people's place"), not the suffix ''-sko''. Karlheinz Hengst offered a Slavic root ''lib-'' as a possible source, which can mean "to waver, to sway, to wobble" (as in swampy ground?) or "thin, skinny, weak" (as in a thin piece of dry land?). Both roots, however, lack almost any attestation in other Slavic toponyms. Ultimately, it might be a pre-Slavic root (perhaps related to [[Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] ''*leiH-'' "to pour, to flow, to drip", referring to the many streams around the city centre) that was enlarged with a Slavic suffix (''-ьcy'', ''-ica'' or the like). Even later, during early German colonization, the name seems to have been reinterpreted with the much more common ''lipa'' "linden tree", in accordance with the etymology commonly held today. Cf. Hengst, Karlheinz (2010). "Der Name Leipzig". In Eichler, Ernst; Walther, Hans (eds.). ''Alt-Leipzig und das Leipziger Land. Ein historisch-geographisches Namenbuch zur Frühzeit im Elster-Pleißen-Land im Rahmen der Sprach- und Siedlungsgeschichte. Leipzig: Universitätsverlag''. pp. 134–140; Walther, Hans (2010). "Leipzigs Name im Lichte seiner Frühüberlieferung". Ibid. pp. 129–133.</ref>

===Epithets===
Due to the etymology mentioned above, ''Lindenstadt'' or ''Stadt der Linden'' (City of Linden Trees) are common poetic epithets for the city.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hartinger |first1=Anselm |title=Zwischen Lindenstadt und Hypezig |url=https://www.stadtgeschichtliches-museum-leipzig.de/blog/2021/06/17/zwischen-lindenstadt-und-hypezig/ |website=Stadtgeschichtliches Museum Leipzig |access-date=2 July 2024 |date=17 June 2021}}</ref>

Another, somewhat old-fashioned epithet is ''Pleiß-Athen'' ([[History of Athens|Athens]] on the [[Pleiße|Pleiße River]]), hinting at Leipzig's long academic and literary tradition, as the seat of one of the oldest German universities and a centre of the book trade.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Löffler |editor1-first=Katrin |title=Als Studiosus in Pleiß-Athen. Erinnerungen von Leipziger Studenten des 18. Jahrhunderts |date=2009 |publisher=Lehmstedt |location=Leipzig}}</ref>

It is also referred to as "Little Paris" (''Klein-Paris'') after a line from [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]]'s ''[[Faust, Part One|Faust I]]'', which is partly set in the famous Leipzig restaurant ''[[Auerbachs Keller]]''.

In 1937 the [[Nazis|Nazi]] government awarded the city the epithet ''{{lang|de|Reichsmessestadt Leipzig}}'' (Reich Trade Fair City Leipzig).<ref name="Rolf Jehke">{{cite web |url=http://territorial.de/sachsen/leipzig/stadtkrs.htm |title=Stadtkreis Leipzig |author=Rolf Jehke |work=territorial.de |access-date=15 December 2013 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418182000/http://territorial.de/sachsen/leipzig/stadtkrs.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1989 Leipzig was dubbed a [[Hero City (Soviet Union)|Hero City]] (''Heldenstadt''), a title that the Soviet Union awarded to some of its cities for their key role in World War II. In Leipzig's case, though, this was an informal allusion to its role in the fall of the East German regime (through the  [[Monday demonstrations in East Germany|Monday demonstrations]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wissenschaft.de/magazin/weitere-themen/heldenstadt-leipzig/ |title=Heldenstadt Leipzig |date=18 September 2019 |publisher=wissenschaft.de |access-date=13 October 2023 |archive-date=16 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016001031/https://www.wissenschaft.de/magazin/weitere-themen/heldenstadt-leipzig/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

More recently, the city has sometimes been nicknamed ''Hypezig'', the "Boomtown of eastern Germany", or "The better Berlin" (''Das bessere Berlin'') and is celebrated by the media as a hip urban centre for its vibrant lifestyle and creative scene with many [[startup company|startups]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.zeit.de/lebensart/2013-10/leipzig-hypezig-gentrifizierung-wohnkonzepte-stadtentwicklung |title=Kann Leipzig Hypezig überleben? |trans-title=Can Leipzig live up to the Hypezig? |work=[[Die Zeit]] |date=1 October 2013 |language=de |access-date=20 November 2013 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041259/https://www.zeit.de/lebensart/2013-10/leipzig-hypezig-gentrifizierung-wohnkonzepte-stadtentwicklung |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Handelsblatt-2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/panorama/lifestyle/hypezig-leipzig-mutiert-zur-szenemetropole/8880718.html |title=Hypezig – Leipzig mutiert zur Szenemetropole |trans-title=Hypezig – Leipzig mutates into a fashionable metropolis |work=[[Handelsblatt]] |date=3 October 2013 |language=de |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-date=20 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120135712/http://www.handelsblatt.com/panorama/lifestyle/hypezig-leipzig-mutiert-zur-szenemetropole/8880718.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Wiemann-2014">{{cite web |last=Wiemann |first=Mareike |title=Mehr Geburten als Sterbefälle: Leipzig boomt entgegen dem Deutschlandtrend |trans-title=More births than deaths: Leipzig is booming against the German trend |url=http://www.mdr.de/mdr-info/geburten-in-leipzig100.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222171333/http://www.mdr.de/mdr-info/geburten-in-leipzig100.html |date=5 January 2014 |publisher=[[Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk]] |archive-date=22 December 2014 |access-date= 23 September 2016 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/leipzig-vs--berlin--natuerlich-ist-leipzig-das-bessere-berlin-,10809148,22704586.html |title=Leipzig vs Berlin: "Natürlich ist Leipzig das bessere Berlin" |trans-title=Leipzig vs Berlin: Naturally Leipzig is the better Berlin |author=Marcel Burkhardt |work=[[Berliner Zeitung]] |date=4 February 2020 |access-date=7 September 2014 |archive-date=2 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102065221/http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/leipzig-vs--berlin--natuerlich-ist-leipzig-das-bessere-berlin-,10809148,22704586.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:L00 577 Cospudener See, Leipzig.jpg|thumb|The skyline of Leipzig seen from [[Cospudener See]] in the [[Neuseenland]]]]
[[File:2020-09-22 Leipzig 1DX 1467 by Stepro.jpg|thumb|The [[White Elster]] in the Plagwitz district of Leipzig]]
[[File:Beschwerliche Radtour.JPG|thumb|An impression of the [[Leipzig Riverside Forest|Leipzig Riparian Forest]] (''Leipziger Auenwald'')]]

===Location===
Leipzig is located in the [[Leipzig Bay]], the southernmost part of the [[North German Plain]], which is the part of the [[North European Plain]] in Germany. The city sits on the [[White Elster]], a river that rises in the [[Czech Republic]] and flows into the [[Saale]] south of Halle. The [[Pleiße]] and the [[Parthe]] join the White Elster in Leipzig, and the large inland delta-like landscape the three rivers form is called ''Leipziger Gewässerknoten''. The site is characterized by swampy areas such as the [[Leipzig Riverside Forest|Leipzig Riparian Forest]] (''Leipziger Auenwald''), though there are also some limestone areas to the north of the city. The landscape is mostly flat, though there is also some evidence of [[moraine]] and [[drumlin]]s.

Although there are some forest parks within the city limits, the area surrounding Leipzig is relatively unforested. During the 20th century, there were several open-pit mines in the region, many of which have been converted to lakes.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Untersuchung zum Landschaftswandel im Südraum Leipzig |journal=Standort |date=1 December 2002 |issn=0174-3635 |pages=159–165 |volume=26 |issue=4 |doi=10.1007/s00548-002-0103-3 |language=de |first1=Dagmar |last1=Haase |first2=Matthias |last2=Rosenberg |first3=Robert |last3=Mikutta |s2cid=68472430}}</ref>

Leipzig is also situated at the intersection of the [[ancient road]]s known as the [[Via Regia]] (King's highway), which traversed Germany in an east–west direction, and the [[Via Imperii]] (Imperial highway), a north–south road.

Leipzig was a walled city in the Middle Ages and [[Inner City Ring Road (Leipzig)|the current "ring" road around the historic centre]] of the city follows the line of the old city walls.

===Subdivision===
{{See also|Boroughs and localities of Leipzig}}
Since 1992 Leipzig has been divided administratively into ten ''Stadtbezirke'' (boroughs), which in turn contain a total of 63 ''Ortsteile'' (localities). Some of these correspond to outlying villages which have been annexed by Leipzig.
[[File:Verwaltung Leipzig.svg|thumb|right|{{center|''Stadtbezirke'' and ''Ortsteile'' of Leipzig}}]]

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ ''Stadtbezirke'' of Leipzig
|- 
! Stadtbezirk || Pop. (2020)<ref>[https://statistik.leipzig.de/statdist/table.aspx?cat=2&rub=1&item=70 Bevölkerungsbestand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127140632/https://statistik.leipzig.de/statdist/table.aspx?cat=2&rub=1&item=70 |date=27 January 2022 }}, Stadt Leipzig, accessed 12 October 2021.</ref>|| Area km<sup>2</sup><ref>[https://statistik.leipzig.de/statdist/table.aspx?cat=1&rub=1&obj=0 Gesamtfläche] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111100456/https://statistik.leipzig.de/statdist/table.aspx?cat=1&rub=1&obj=0 |date=11 January 2022 }}, Stadt Leipzig, accessed 12 October 2021.</ref>||style="width:50px;"|Pop.<br />per km<sup>2</sup> || Ortsteile<ref>[https://www.leipzig.de/buergerservice-und-verwaltung/aemter-und-behoerdengaenge/satzungen/?tx_ewerkformsmanager_pi%5Buid%5D=377&tx_ewerkformsmanager_pi%5Baction%5D=download&tx_ewerkformsmanager_pi%5Bcontroller%5D=Statues&cHash=618807ccfa6b2984c9a6ca155d5d19c1 Hauptsatzung der Stadt Leipzig] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527122234/https://www.leipzig.de/buergerservice-und-verwaltung/aemter-und-behoerdengaenge/satzungen/?tx_ewerkformsmanager_pi%5Buid%5D=377&tx_ewerkformsmanager_pi%5Baction%5D=download&tx_ewerkformsmanager_pi%5Bcontroller%5D=Statues&cHash=618807ccfa6b2984c9a6ca155d5d19c1 |date=27 May 2021 }}, § 26, February 2021.</ref>
|-
|[[Leipzig-Mitte|Mitte]]||65,912||13.96||{{formatnum:{{#expr:65912/13.96 round 0}}}} || Zentrum, Zentrum-Ost, Zentrum-Südost, Zentrum-Süd, Zentrum-West, Zentrum-Nordwest, Zentrum-Nord
|-
|Nordost||48,227||26.31||{{formatnum:{{#expr:48227/26.31 round 0}}}} || [[Leipzig-Schönefeld|Schönefeld-Abtnaundorf]], Schönefeld-Ost, Mockau-Süd, Mockau-Nord, Thekla, Plaußig-Portitz
|-
|Ost||85,519||40.73||{{formatnum:{{#expr:85519/40.73 round 0}}}} || Neustadt-Neuschönefeld, Volkmarsdorf, Anger-Crottendorf, Sellerhausen-Stünz, Paunsdorf, Heiterblick, Engelsdorf/Sommerfeld, Althen, Baalsdorf, Kleinpösna/Hirschfeld, Mölkau
|-
|Südost||62,506||34.72||{{formatnum:{{#expr:62506/34.72 round 0}}}} || Reudnitz-Thonberg, Stötteritz, Probstheida, Meusdorf, Holzhausen, [[Liebertwolkwitz]]
|-
|Süd||67,079||16.95||{{formatnum:{{#expr:67079/16.95 round 0}}}} || [[Südvorstadt (Leipzig)|Südvorstadt]], Connewitz, Marienbrunn, Lößnig, Dölitz-Dösen
|-
|Südwest||55,742||46.56||{{formatnum:{{#expr:55742/46.56 round 0}}}} || [[Schleußig]], Plagwitz, Kleinzschocher, Großzschocher, Knautkleeberg-Knauthain, Hartmannsdorf-Knautnaundorf
|-
|[[Grünau (Leipzig)|West]]||54,190||14.69||{{formatnum:{{#expr:54190/14.69 round 0}}}} || Schönau, Grünau-Ost, Grünau-Mitte, Grünau-Siedlung, Lausen-Grünau, Grünau-Nord, Miltitz
|-
|Alt-West||59,643||26.21||{{formatnum:{{#expr:59643/26.21 round 0}}}} || [[Lindenau (Leipzig)|Lindenau]], Altlindenau, Neulindenau, [[Leutzsch]], Böhlitz-Ehrenberg, Burghausen, Rückmarsdorf
|-
|Nordwest||34,710||39.07||{{formatnum:{{#expr:34710/39.07 round 0}}}} || Möckern, Wahren, Lindenthal, [[Breitenfeld, Leipzig|Breitenfeld]], [[Lützschena-Stahmeln|Lützschena]], [[Lützschena-Stahmeln|Stahmeln]]
|-
|Nord||71,878||38.61||{{formatnum:{{#expr:71878/38.61 round 0}}}} || [[Gohlis]]-Süd, Gohlis-Mitte, Gohlis-Nord, Eutritzsch, [[Seehausen, Leipzig|Seehausen]], Göbschelwitz, Hohenheida, Gottscheina, Wiederitzsch
|}

===Neighbouring communities===
{|style="width:30%; text-align:center; border-width:0;"
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|style="width:10%;"|<!--NW-->
|style="width:10%;"|[[Delitzsch]]
|style="width:10%;"|[[Jesewitz]]
|-
|[[Schkeuditz]]
|[[Rackwitz]]
|[[Taucha]]
|-
|<!--W-->
|[[File:Compass rose transparent.png|100px]]
|[[Borsdorf]]
|[[Brandis]]
|-
|[[Markranstädt]]
|[[Markkleeberg]]
|[[Naunhof]]
|-
|[[Kitzen]]
|[[Zwenkau]]
|[[Großpösna|Grosspoesna]]
|-
|<!--SW-->
|<!--S-->
|<!--SO-->
|}

===Climate===
Like many cities in Eastern Germany, Leipzig has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb''), with significant [[continental climate|continental]] influences due to its inland location. Winters are cold, with an average temperature of around {{cvt|1|°C|°F|sigfig=2}}. Summers are generally warm, averaging at {{cvt|19|°C|°F|sigfig=2}} with daytime temperatures of {{cvt|24|°C|°F|sigfig=2}}. Precipitation in winter is about half that of the summer. The amount of sunshine differs significantly between winter and summer, with an average of around 51 hours of sunshine in December (1.7 hours per day) compared with 229 hours of sunshine in July (7.4 hours per day).<ref>{{cite web |title=Climatological maps of Germany |url=https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/klimakartendeutschland/klimakartendeutschland.html?nn=519080 |website=DWD: Deutscher Wetterdienst |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst (German Weather Service) |access-date=25 February 2019 |archive-date=22 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522015856/https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/klimakartendeutschland/klimakartendeutschland.html?nn=519080 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Weather box
|location=Leipzig ([[Leipzig/Halle Airport]]) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1973–2013)
|metric first=Yes
|single line=Yes
|Jan record high C=15.9
|Feb record high C=18.6
|Mar record high C=23.0
|Apr record high C=29.5
|May record high C=31.9
|Jun record high C=34.8
|Jul record high C=36.6
|Aug record high C=37.2
|Sep record high C=34.9
|Oct record high C=28.2
|Nov record high C=18.7
|Dec record high C=16.5
|year record high C=37.2
|Jan record low C=-27.6
|Feb record low C=-21.6
|Mar record low C=-16.6
|Apr record low C=-6.5
|May record low C=-2.6
|Jun record low C=1.8
|Jul record low C=5.7
|Aug record low C=5.5
|Sep record low C=0.5
|Oct record low C=-6.7
|Nov record low C=-12.9
|Dec record low C=-20.2
|year record low C=-27.6
|Jan high C = 	3.6
|Feb high C = 	5.0
|Mar high C = 	9.1
|Apr high C = 	14.7
|May high C = 	19.1
|Jun high C = 	22.5
|Jul high C = 	25.0
|Aug high C = 	24.6
|Sep high C = 	19.7
|Oct high C = 	14.1
|Nov high C = 	8.0
|Dec high C = 	4.5
| year high C =	14.2
|Jan mean C = 	1.0
|Feb mean C = 	1.7
|Mar mean C = 	4.9
|Apr mean C = 	9.6
|May mean C = 	13.9
|Jun mean C = 	17.3
|Jul mean C = 	19.5
|Aug mean C = 	19.2
|Sep mean C = 	14.8
|Oct mean C = 	9.9
|Nov mean C = 	5.1
|Dec mean C = 	2.0
|year mean C = 	9.9
|Jan low C = 	-1.8
|Feb low C = 	-1.5
|Mar low C = 	1.0
|Apr low C = 	4.4
|May low C = 	8.5
|Jun low C = 	11.9
|Jul low C = 	14.1
|Aug low C = 	14.0
|Sep low C = 	10.2
|Oct low C = 	6.2
|Nov low C = 	2.3
|Dec low C = 	-0.6
| year low C =	5.7
| precipitation colour = green	
|Jan precipitation mm = 	33.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 	24.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 	36.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 	32.0
|May precipitation mm = 	51.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 	54.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 	75.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 	63.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 	50.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 	35.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 	40.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 	34.3
| year precipitation mm =	531.9
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 	15.7
|Feb precipitation days = 	12.6
|Mar precipitation days = 	14.2
|Apr precipitation days = 	11.1
|May precipitation days = 	12.7
|Jun precipitation days = 	12.7
|Jul precipitation days = 	13.9
|Aug precipitation days = 	13.0
|Sep precipitation days = 	11.8
|Oct precipitation days = 	13.3
|Nov precipitation days = 	14.5
|Dec precipitation days = 	15.3
|year precipitation days = 	160.8
|Jan sun = 	61.9
|Feb sun = 	81.0
|Mar sun = 	128.5
|Apr sun = 	190.9
|May sun = 	231.4
|Jun sun = 	229.9
|Jul sun = 	233.9
|Aug sun = 	219.6
|Sep sun = 	163.9
|Oct sun = 	119.3
|Nov sun = 	64.9
|Dec sun = 	53.3
|year sun = 	1748.8
|Jan humidity = 	82.3
|Feb humidity = 	79.0
|Mar humidity = 	74.3
|Apr humidity = 	67.5
|May humidity = 	67.8
|Jun humidity = 	67.8
|Jul humidity = 	66.7
|Aug humidity = 	68.1
|Sep humidity = 	75.4
|Oct humidity = 	80.9
|Nov humidity = 	84.5
|Dec humidity = 	83.8
|unit snow days = 1.0 cm
|Jan snow days = 	8.1
|Feb snow days = 	7.7
|Mar snow days = 	3.7
|Apr snow days = 	0.6
|May snow days = 	0
|Jun snow days = 	0
|Jul snow days = 	0
|Aug snow days = 	0
|Sep snow days = 	0
|Oct snow days = 	0.1
|Nov snow days = 	1.4
|Dec snow days = 	4.9
|year snow days = 	
| source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231012161942/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/LeipzigHalle_10469.csv
| archive-date = 12 October 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/LeipzigHalle_10469.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref>
|source 2 =Data derived from [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]], note<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wetterkontor.de/de/klima/klima2.asp?land=de&stat=10469 |title=Klima Leipzig, Deutschland |access-date=21 September 2019 |url-status=live |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322121604/https://www.wetterkontor.de/de/klima/klima2.asp?land=de&stat=10469 |archive-date=22 March 2019}}</ref>}}

==History==
{{For timeline}}
{{See also|History of Leipzig|History of the Jews in Leipzig}}
===Origins===
{{See also|Margraviate of Meissen|Electorate of Saxony}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2022}}
[[File:Leipzig 1632.jpg|thumb|Leipzig in the 17th century]]
Leipzig was first documented in 1015 in the chronicles of Bishop [[Thietmar of Merseburg]] as ''{{lang|la|urbs Libzi}}'' ({{lang|la|Chronicon}}, VII, 25) and endowed with city and market privileges in 1165 by [[Otto II, Margrave of Meissen|Otto the Rich]]. [[Leipzig Trade Fair]], started in the [[Middle Ages]], has become an event of international importance and is the oldest surviving trade fair in the world. This encouraged the growth of the [[Leipzig merchant bourgeoisie]].

There are records of commercial fishing operations on the river [[Pleiße]] that, most likely, refer to Leipzig dating back to 1305, when the [[Margrave]] Dietrich the Younger granted the fishing rights to the church and convent of St Thomas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.neue-ufer.de/leipzig/pleisse_geschichte_fischerei.asp |title=Pleißemühlgraben: Geschichte der Fischerei |publisher=Neue-ufer.de |access-date=26 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402161141/http://www.neue-ufer.de/leipzig/pleisse_geschichte_fischerei.asp |archive-date=2 April 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

There were a number of [[monastery|monasteries]] in and around the city, including a [[Franciscans|Franciscan]] monastery after which the [[Barfußgäßchen]] (Barefoot Alley) is named and a monastery of Irish monks ({{lang|de|Jacobskirche}}, destroyed in 1544) near the present day {{lang|de|Ranstädter Steinweg}} (the old ''{{lang|la|[[Via Regia]]}}'').

The [[University of Leipzig]] was founded in 1409 and Leipzig developed into an important centre of German law and of the publishing industry in Germany, resulting, in the 19th and 20th centuries, with the [[Reichsgericht]] (Imperial Court of Justice) and the [[German National Library]] being located here.

During the [[Thirty Years' War]], two battles took place in {{lang|de|[[Breitenfeld, Leipzig|Breitenfeld]]}}, about {{cvt|8|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} outside Leipzig city walls. The [[Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)|first Battle of Breitenfeld]] took place in 1631 and [[Battle of Breitenfeld (1642)|the second]] in 1642. Both battles resulted in victories for the Swedish-led side.

On 24 December 1701, when [[Franz Conrad Romanus]] was mayor, an oil-fueled [[street light]]ing system was introduced. The city employed light guards who had to follow a specific schedule to ensure the punctual lighting of the 700 lanterns.

===19th century===
[[File:Battle of Leipzig by Zauerweid.jpg|thumb|[[Battle of Leipzig]], 1813]]
The Leipzig region was the arena of the 1813 [[Battle of Leipzig]] between [[Napoleonic France]] and an allied coalition of [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]], Austria and Sweden. It was the largest battle in Europe before the [[First World War]] and the coalition victory ended [[Napoleon]]'s presence in Germany and would ultimately lead to his first exile on [[Elba]]. The [[Monument to the Battle of the Nations]] celebrating the centenary of this event was completed in 1913. In addition to stimulating German nationalism, the war had a major impact in mobilizing a civic spirit in numerous volunteer activities. Many volunteer militias and civic associations were formed, and collaborated with churches and the press to support local and state militias, patriotic wartime mobilization, humanitarian relief and postwar commemorative practices and rituals.<ref>Katherine Aaslestad, "Cities and War: Modern Military Urbanism in Hamburg and Leipzig during the Napoleonic Era." ''German History'' 35.3 (2017): 381–402.</ref> While over half of the [[Kingdom of Saxony]] was formally ceded to Prussia, Leipzig remained part of [[Frederick Augustus I of Saxony|King Frederick Augustus I]].

When it was made a terminus of the first German long-distance railway to [[Dresden]] (the capital of Saxony) in 1839, Leipzig became a hub of Central European railway traffic, with [[Leipzig Hauptbahnhof]] the largest [[terminal station]] by area in Europe. The railway station has two grand entrance halls, the eastern one for the [[Royal Saxon State Railways]] and the western one for the [[Prussian state railways]].

In the 19th century, Leipzig was a centre of the German and Saxon liberal movements.<ref>{{cite EB9 |wstitle = Leipsic |volume= XIV |last1= Muirhead |first1= James Fullarton |author1-link= James Fullarton Muirhead | pages = 429–431 |short=1}}</ref> The first German [[List of Labour Parties|labor party]], the [[General German Workers' Association]] (''Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein'', ADAV) was founded in Leipzig on 23 May 1863 by [[Ferdinand Lassalle]]; about 600 workers from across Germany travelled to the foundation on the new railway. Leipzig expanded rapidly to more than 700,000 inhabitants. Huge {{Lang|de|[[Gründerzeit]]}} areas were built, which mostly survived both war and post-war demolition.
[[File:Leipzig um 1900.jpg|thumb|Augustusplatz with [[Leipzig Opera]] House, {{Circa|1900}}]]

===20th century===
{{See also|History of Leipzig from 1933 to 1939|Bombing of Leipzig in World War II|University of Music and Theatre Leipzig}}
[[File:Neues Rathaus Leipzig nach1905.jpg|thumb|left|[[New Town Hall (Leipzig)|New Town Hall]] of Leipzig, built in 1905]]

With the opening of a fifth production hall in 1907, the [[Leipziger Baumwollspinnerei]] became the largest [[cotton mill]] company on the continent, housing over 240,000 spindles. Yearly production surpassed 5&nbsp;million kilograms of yarn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spinnerei.de/the-heady-early-days.html |title=The heady early days |website=spinnerei.de |language=de |last=Müller-Stahl |first=Karoline |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612012317/http://www.spinnerei.de/the-heady-early-days.html |archive-date=12 June 2019}}</ref>

During [[World War I]], in 1917, the American Consulate was closed, and its building became a temporary place of stay for Americans and [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] refugees from [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbia]], [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] and [[Empire of Japan|Japan]].<ref name=usem>{{cite web|url=https://de.usembassy.gov/leipzig-history/|title=Brief history|website=U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Germany|date=18 April 2018|access-date=7 November 2022|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006175121/https://de.usembassy.gov/leipzig-history/|url-status=live}}</ref>

During the 1930s and 1940s, music was prominent throughout Leipzig. Many students attended [[University of Music and Theatre Leipzig|Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy College of Music and Theatre]] (then named Landeskonservatorium.) However, in 1944, it was closed due to [[World War II]]. It re-opened soon after the war ended in 1945.

{{-}}

On 22 May 1930, [[Carl Friedrich Goerdeler]] was elected mayor of Leipzig. He later became an opponent of the [[Nazi Regime|Nazi regime]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/biographies/index_of_persons/biographie/view-bio/carl-friedrich-goerdeler/?no_cache=1 |title=German Resistance Memorial Center – Biographie |last=Center |first=German Resistance Memorial |website=www.gdw-berlin.de |language=en |access-date=3 May 2018 |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126032830/https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/biographies/index_of_persons/biographie/view-bio/carl-friedrich-goerdeler/?no_cache=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> He resigned in 1937 when, in his absence, his Nazi deputy ordered the destruction of the city's statue of [[Felix Mendelssohn]]. On [[Kristallnacht]] in 1938, the 1855 [[Moorish Revival]] [[Leipzig synagogue]], one of the city's most architecturally significant buildings, was deliberately destroyed. Goerdeler was later executed by the Nazis on 2 February 1945.

Several thousand forced labourers were stationed in Leipzig during the Second World War.

Beginning in 1933, many Jewish citizens of Leipzig were members of the [[Gemeinde (Germany)|Gemeinde]], a large Jewish religious community spread throughout Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In October 1935, the Gemeinde helped found the Lehrhaus (English: a house of study) in Leipzig to provide different forms of studies to Jewish students who were prohibited from attending any institutions in Germany. Jewish studies were emphasized and much of the Jewish community of Leipzig became involved.<ref name="Willingham">Willingham, Robert, and Crew, David F. ''Jews in Leipzig: Nationality and Community in the 20th Century'', 2005, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Pgs. 1–148</ref>

Like all other cities claimed by the Nazis, Leipzig was subject to [[Aryanization (Nazism)|aryanisation]]. Beginning in 1933 and increasing in 1939, Jewish business owners were forced to give up their possessions and stores. This eventually intensified to the point where Nazi officials were strong enough to evict the Jews from their own homes. They also had the power to force many of the Jews living in the city to sell their houses. Many people who sold their homes emigrated elsewhere, outside of Leipzig. Others moved to Judenhäuser, which were smaller houses that acted as ghettos, housing large groups of people.<ref name="Willingham"/>

The Jews of Leipzig were greatly affected by the [[Nuremberg Laws]]. However, due to the [[Leipzig Trade Fair]] and the international attention it garnered, Leipzig was especially cautious about its public image. Despite this, the Leipzig authorities were not afraid to strictly apply and enforce anti-semitic measures.<ref name="Willingham" />

On 20 December 1937, after the Nazis took control of the city, they renamed it Reichsmessestadt Leipzig, meaning the "Imperial Trade Fair City Leipzig".<ref name="Rolf Jehke"/> In early 1938, Leipzig saw an increase in [[Zionism]] through Jewish citizens. Many of these Zionists attempted to flee before deportations began.<ref name="Willingham" /> On 28 October 1938, [[Heinrich Himmler]] ordered the deportation of Polish Jews from Leipzig to Poland.<ref name="Willingham" /><ref>"Nazi Germany", ''Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook'', XLII 1997, 167. Fred Grubel and Frank Mecklenburg "Leipzig: Profile of a Jewish Community during the first years of Nazi Germany", ''Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook'', XLII 1997, 167</ref> The Polish Consulate sheltered 1,300 Polish Jews, preventing their deportation.<ref name=dw>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/pl/70-lat-temu-polski-konsul-pokrzy%C5%BCowa%C5%82-plany-nazist%C3%B3w/a-3752931|title=70 lat temu polski konsul pokrzyżował plany nazistów|website=dw.com|access-date=7 November 2023|language=pl|archive-date=7 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107200005/https://www.dw.com/pl/70-lat-temu-polski-konsul-pokrzy%C5%BCowa%C5%82-plany-nazist%C3%B3w/a-3752931|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 9 November 1938, as part of [[Kristallnacht]], in [[Gottschedstrasse (Leipzig)|Gottschedstrasse]], synagogues and businesses were set on fire.<ref name="Willingham"/> Only a couple of days later, on 11 November 1938, many Jews in the Leipzig area were deported to the [[Buchenwald concentration camp|Buchenwald Concentration Camp.]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/source_view.php?SourceId=30769 |title=Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database – Leipzig Jewish Community Collection. |website=www.ushmm.org |language=en |access-date=30 April 2018 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126123007/https://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/source_view.php?SourceId=30769 |url-status=live }}</ref> As [[World War II]] came to an end, much of Leipzig was destroyed. Following the war, the [[Communist Party of Germany]] provided aid for the reconstruction of the city.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Leipzig-Germany |title=Leipzig {{!}} Germany |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=30 April 2018 |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527122316/https://www.britannica.com/place/Leipzig-Germany |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1933, a census recorded that over 11,000 Jews were living in Leipzig. In the 1939 census, the number had fallen to roughly 4,500, and by January 1942 only 2,000 remained. In that month, these 2,000 Jews began to be deported.<ref name="Willingham"/> On 13 July 1942, 170 Jews were deported from Leipzig to [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]. On 19 September 1942, 440 Jews were deported from Leipzig to [[Theresienstadt concentration camp]]. On 18 June 1943, the remaining 18 Jews still in Leipzig were deported from Leipzig to Auschwitz. According to records of the two waves of deportations to Auschwitz there were no survivors. According to records of the Theresienstadt deportation, only 53 Jews survived.<ref name="Willingham"/><ref>{{Cite book |title=Chronik der Juden in Dresden |last=Diamont |first=Adolph |pages=104–106, 109}}</ref>

[[File:Mahnmal Gedenkinstallation 2021.jpg|thumb|Memorial at the site of the Abtnaundorf massacre]]
During the [[German invasion of Poland]] at the start of [[World War II]], in September 1939, the [[Gestapo]] carried out arrests of prominent local [[Polish people|Poles]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cygański|first=Mirosław|year=1984|title=Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939–1945|journal=Przegląd Zachodni|language=pl|issue=4|page=54}}</ref> and seized the Polish Consulate and its library.<ref name=dw/> In 1941, the American Consulate was also closed by order of the German authorities.<ref name=usem/> During the war, Leipzig was the location of five [[List of subcamps of Buchenwald|subcamps]] of the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]], in which over 8,000 men, women and children were imprisoned, mostly Polish, Jewish, Soviet and French, but also Italian, Czech and Belgian.<ref name=ab>{{cite web|url=https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/|title=Buchenwald war überall|website=aussenlager-buchenwald.de|access-date=7 November 2023|language=de|archive-date=29 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129150934/https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 1945, most surviving prisoners were sent on [[Death marches during the Holocaust|death marches]] to various destinations in Saxony and [[Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)|German-occupied Czechoslovakia]], whereas prisoners of the Leipzig-Thekla subcamp who were unable to march were either burned alive, shot or beaten to death by the Gestapo, [[SS]], ''[[Volkssturm]]'' and German civilians in the Abtnaundorf massacre.<ref name=Thekla>{{cite web|url=https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=49|title=Leipzig-Thekla|website=aussenlager-buchenwald.de|access-date=7 November 2023|language=de|archive-date=13 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013050202/https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=49|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=lb>{{cite web|url=https://liberation.buchenwald.de/en/otd1945/the-abtnaundorf-massacre|title=The Abtnaundorf Massacre|access-date=7 November 2023|archive-date=7 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107202810/https://liberation.buchenwald.de/en/otd1945/the-abtnaundorf-massacre|url-status=live}}</ref> Some were rescued by Polish [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced laborers]] of another camp; at least 67 people survived.<ref name=Thekla/><ref name=lb/> 84 victims were buried on 27 April 1945, however, the total number of victims remains unknown.<ref name=Thekla/><ref name=lb/>
[[File:Fotothek df roe-neg 0002629 002 Trümmerbeseitigung.jpg|thumb|left|Leipzig after bombing in the Second World War]]

During World War II, Leipzig was [[Bombing of Leipzig in World War II|repeatedly struck]] by [[Strategic bombing during World War II|Allied bombing raids]], beginning in 1943 and lasting until 1945. The first raid occurred on the morning of 4 December 1943, when 442 bombers of the [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) dropped a total amount of almost 1,400 tons of explosives and incendiaries on the city, destroying large parts of the city centre.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.leipzig.de/services-and-administration/history/ |title=History |website=english.leipzig.de |language=en |access-date=2 May 2018 |archive-date=10 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010155546/https://english.leipzig.de/services-and-administration/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This bombing was the largest up to that time. Due to the close proximity of many of the buildings hit, a firestorm occurred. This prompted firefighters to rush to the city; however, they were unable to control the fires. Unlike the [[Bombing of Dresden in World War II|firebombing of the neighbouring city of Dresden]], this was a largely conventional bombing with high explosives rather than incendiaries. The resultant pattern of loss was a patchwork, rather than wholesale loss of its centre, but was nevertheless extensive.

The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Leipzig in late April 1945. The U.S. [[2nd Infantry Division (United States)|2nd Infantry Division]] and U.S. [[69th Infantry Division (United States)|69th Infantry Division]] fought their way into the city on 18 April and completed its capture after fierce urban action, in which fighting was often house-to-house and block-to-block, on 19 April 1945.<ref>Stanton, Shelby, ''World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946'' (Revised Edition, 2006), Stackpole Books, p. 78, 139.</ref> In April 1945, the Mayor of Leipzig, SS-''[[Gruppenführer]]'' [[Alfred Freyberg]], his wife and daughter, together with Deputy Mayor and City Treasurer Ernest Kurt Lisso, his wife, daughter and ''[[Volkssturm]]'' Major and former Mayor Walter Dönicke, all committed suicide in Leipzig City Hall.

The United States turned the city over to the [[Red Army]] as it pulled back from the [[line of contact]] with Soviet forces in July 1945 to the designated occupation zone boundaries. Leipzig became one of the major cities of the German Democratic Republic ([[East Germany]]).

Following the [[End of World War II in Europe|end of World War II]] in 1945, Leipzig saw a slow return of Jews to the city.<ref name="Willingham"/><ref>Ausschuß der Deutschen Statisker, P 136-142. In Lothar Mertens, ''Davidstern unter Hammer und Zirkel: Die Jüdischen Gemeinden in der SBZ-DDR und ihre Behandlung durch Partei und Staat 1945– 1990''. (Haskala, 18) Hildesheim, 1997.</ref> They were joined by large numbers of [[Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)|German refugees who had been expelled from Central and Eastern Europe]] in accordance with the [[Potsdam Agreement]].<ref>Naimark, Norman M. (1995). ''The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949''. Cambridge: Belknap Press. p. 149.</ref>

[[File:VölkerschlachtdenkmalLeipzig1.jpg|thumb|right|Monument to the Battle of the Nations]]

In the mid-20th century, the city's trade fair assumed renewed importance as a point of contact with the [[Comecon]] Eastern Europe economic bloc, of which East Germany was a member. At this time, trade fairs were held at a site in the south of the city, near the [[Monument to the Battle of the Nations]].

The planned economy of the German Democratic Republic, however, was not kind to Leipzig. Before the Second World War, Leipzig had developed a mixture of industry, creative business (notably publishing), and services (including legal services). During the period of the German Democratic Republic, services became the concern of the state, concentrated in [[East Berlin]]; creative business moved to [[West Germany]]; and Leipzig was left only with heavy industry. To make matters worse, this industry was extremely polluting, making Leipzig an even less attractive city to live in.<ref name="TheProtoCity.com-2014">{{Cite web |url=http://theprotocity.com/leipzig-back-growth-everyone/ |title=Leipzig: Back to Growth, but Not for Everyone |date=25 August 2014 |website=TheProtoCity.com |language=en-US |access-date=26 October 2019 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029074413/http://theprotocity.com/leipzig-back-growth-everyone/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Between 1950 and the end of the German Democratic Republic, the population of Leipzig fell from 600,000 to 500,000.<ref name="Power-2016">{{Cite web |url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/67845/1/casereport107.pdf |title=Leipzig City Story |last=Power |first=Anne and Elineen Herden |date=May 2016 |website=LSE Housing and Communities |access-date=26 October 2019 |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121160900/http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/67845/1/casereport107.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 1989, after prayers for peace at [[St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig|St.&nbsp;Nicholas Church]], established in 1983 as part of the peace movement, the [[Monday demonstrations in East Germany|Monday demonstrations]] started as the most prominent mass protest against the [[Government of East Germany|East German government]].<ref>David Brebis (ed.), ''Michelin guide to Germany'', Greenville (2006), p. 324.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8297630.stm |title=The day I outflanked the Stasi |publisher=BBC |date=9 October 2009 |access-date=9 October 2009 |archive-date=2 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802122227/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8297630.stm |url-status=live }} + video.</ref> The [[reunification of Germany]], however, was at first not good for Leipzig. The centrally planned heavy industry that had become the city's specialty was, in terms of the advanced economy of reunited Germany, almost completely unviable, and closed. Within only six years, 90% of jobs in industry had vanished.<ref name="Power-2016" /> As unemployment rocketed, the population fell dramatically; some 100,000 people left Leipzig in the ten years after reunification, and vacant and derelict housing became an urgent problem.<ref name="Power-2016" />

Starting in 2000, an ambitious urban-renewal plan first stopped Leipzig's population decline and then reversed it. The plan focused on saving and improving the city's attractive historic downtown area and particularly its early 20th century building stock, and attracting new industries, partly through infrastructure improvement. However, the renewal has led to [[gentrification]] of parts of the city and has not arrested the decline of Leipzig-East.<ref name="TheProtoCity.com-2014" /><ref name="Power-2016" />

===21st century===
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| image1            = Bundesverwaltungsgericht_2,_Leipzig.jpg
| width1            = 280
| caption1          = [[Federal Administrative Court of Germany]]
| image2            = Universität Leipzig - Paulinum – Aula und Universitätskirche St. Pauli (Juli 2012).JPG
| width2            = 265
| caption2          = The {{convert|153|m|ft|abbr=on}} high [[City-Hochhaus Leipzig]] and the [[Augusteum (Leipzig)|Augusteum]] of the [[University of Leipzig]]
}}

Leipzig is an important economic centre in Germany. Since the 2010s, the city has been celebrated by the media as a hip urban centre with a very high quality of living.<ref name="Michael Fabricius-2015">{{cite news |url=https://www.welt.de/print/welt_kompakt/print_wirtschaft/article141518027/Leipzig-ist-die-Boom-Stadt-Deutschlands.html |title=Leipzig ist die Boom-Stadt Deutschlands |author=Michael Fabricius |date=27 May 2015 |work=DIE WELT |access-date=8 March 2017 |archive-date=5 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505055001/https://www.welt.de/print/welt_kompakt/print_wirtschaft/article141518027/Leipzig-ist-die-Boom-Stadt-Deutschlands.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/panorama/reise-leben/hypezig-leipzig-mutiert-zur-szenemetropole/8880718.html |title= "Hypezig": Leipzig mutiert zur Szenemetropole |publisher=Handelsblatt |date=3 October 2013 |language=de |access-date=21 September 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190921082255/https://www.handelsblatt.com/arts_und_style/lifestyle/hypezig-leipzig-mutiert-zur-szenemetropole/8880718.html?ticket=ST-5727629-F0tdWDY9E1ofoMNJ0NAc-ap2 |archive-date=21 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lvz.de/Mitteldeutschland/News/Ueber-18-000-neue-Jobs-in-Sachsen-Leipzig-boomt-am-meisten |title=Mehr Beschäftigte – Über 18 000 neue Jobs in Sachsen – Leipzig boomt am meisten – LVZ – Leipziger Volkszeitung |last=LVZ-Online |website=www.lvz.de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409045712/http://www.lvz.de/Mitteldeutschland/News/Ueber-18-000-neue-Jobs-in-Sachsen-Leipzig-boomt-am-meisten |archive-date=9 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It is often called "The new Berlin".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/leipzig-vs--berlin--natuerlich-ist-leipzig-das-bessere-berlin--6599924 |title=Leipzig vs. Berlin: "Natürlich ist Leipzig das bessere Berlin" |first=Marcel |last=Burkhardt |newspaper=Berliner Zeitung |access-date=26 June 2017 |archive-date=2 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602214855/http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/leipzig-vs--berlin--natuerlich-ist-leipzig-das-bessere-berlin--6599924 |url-status=live }}</ref> Leipzig is also Germany's fastest growing city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Lokales/Prognose-zur-Bevoelkerung-Warum-Leipzig-frueher-als-gedacht-600.000-Einwohner-haben-wird |title=Wachstum – Prognose zur Bevölkerung: Warum Leipzig früher als gedacht 600.000 Einwohner haben wird – LVZ – Leipziger Volkszeitung |last=LVZ-Online |website=www.lvz.de |access-date=4 September 2016 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522101852/https://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Lokales/Prognose-zur-Bevoelkerung-Warum-Leipzig-frueher-als-gedacht-600.000-Einwohner-haben-wird |url-status=dead }}</ref> Leipzig was the German candidate for the [[2012 Summer Olympics]], but was unsuccessful. After ten years of construction, the [[Leipzig City Tunnel]] opened on 14 December 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bild.de/regional/leipzig/city-tunnel/city-tunnel-eroeffnet-33842252.bild.html |title=City-Tunnel eröffnet: Leipzig rast durch die Röhre |work=BILD.de |date=14 December 2013 |access-date=14 December 2013 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522101854/https://www.bild.de/regional/leipzig/city-tunnel/city-tunnel-eroeffnet-33842252.bild.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leipzig forms the centrepiece of the [[S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland]] public transit system, which operates in the four German states of [[Saxony]], Saxony-Anhalt, [[Thuringia]] and [[Brandenburg]].

==Politics==
===Mayor===
[[File:2020 Leipzig mayoral election (2nd round).svg|thumb|350px|Results of the second round of the 2020 mayoral election]]
The first freely elected mayor after German reunification was [[Hinrich Lehmann-Grube]] of the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD), who served from 1990 to 1998. The mayor was originally chosen by the city council, but since 1994 has been directly elected. [[Wolfgang Tiefensee]], also of the SDP, served from 1998 until his resignation in 2005 to become federal Minister of Transport. He was succeeded by fellow SPD politician [[Burkhard Jung]], who was elected in January 2006 and re-elected in 2013 and 2020. The most recent mayoral election was held on 2 February 2020, with a runoff held on 1 March, and the results were as follows:

{{election table}}
! rowspan=2 colspan=2| Candidate
! rowspan=2| Party
! colspan=2| First round
! colspan=2| Second round
|-
! Votes
! %
! Votes
! %
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Sebastian Gemkow]]
| align=left| [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]]
| '''72,427'''
| '''31.6'''
| 107,611
| 47.6
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Burkhard Jung]]
| align=left| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]]
| 68,286
| 29.8
| '''110,965'''
| '''49.1'''
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|The Left (Germany)}}| 
| align=left| Franziska Riekewald
| align=left| [[The Left (Germany)|The Left]]
| 31,036
| 13.5
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| 
| align=left| Katharina Krefft
| align=left| [[Alliance 90/The Greens]]
| 27,481
| 12.0
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alternative for Germany}}| 
| align=left| Christoph Neumann
| align=left| [[Alternative for Germany]]
| 19,854
| 8.7
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Die PARTEI}}| 
| align=left| Katharina Subat
| align=left| [[Die PARTEI]]
| 5,467
| 2.4
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}| 
| align=left| Marcus Viefeld
| align=left| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]]
| 2,739
| 1.2
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Pirate Party Germany}}| 
| align=left| Ute Elisabeth Gabelmann
| align=left| [[Pirate Party Germany]]
| 2,089
| 0.9
| 7,542
| 3.3
|-
! colspan=3| Valid votes
! 229,379
! 99.6
! 226,118
! 99.5
|-
! colspan=3| Invalid votes
! 822
! 0.4
! 1,235
! 0.5
|-
! colspan=3| Total
! 230,201
! 100.0
! 227,353
! 100.0
|-
! colspan=3| Electorate/voter turnout
! 469,225
! 49.1
! 469,269
! 48.4
|-
| colspan=7| Source: [https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-2020-wahlergebnisse.php?landkreis=14713 Wahlen in Sachsen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512081903/https://wahlen.sachsen.de/buergermeisterwahl-2020-wahlergebnisse.php?landkreis=14713 |date=12 May 2021 }}
|}

===City council===
[[File:2024 Leipzig City Council election - Vote strength.svg|thumb|350px|Strongest party by locality in the 2024 City Council election]]
The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows:

{{election table}}
! colspan=2| Party
! Votes
! %
! +/-
! Seats
! +/-
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU)
| 173,343
| 18.9
| {{increase}} 1.4
| 13
| {{steady}} 0
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|The Left (Germany)}}| 
| align=left| [[The Left (Germany)|The Left]] (Die Linke)
| 160,490
| 17.5
| {{decrease}} 3.9
| 12
| {{decrease}} 3
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alternative for Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Alternative for Germany]] (AfD)
| 155,506
| 17.0
| {{increase}} 2.1
| 12
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| 
| align=left| [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] (Grüne)
| 137,614
| 15.0
| {{decrease}} 5.7
| 11
| {{decrease}} 4
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD)
| 110,520
| 12.1
| {{decrease}} 0.3
| 8
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance}}| 
| align=left| [[Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance]] (BSW)
| 88,146
| 9.6
| New
| 7
| New
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Die PARTEI}}| 
| align=left| [[Die PARTEI]] (PARTEI)
| 31,933
| 3.5
| {{decrease}} 0.3
| 2
| {{steady}} 0
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}| 
| align=left| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] (FDP)
| 24,898
| 2.7
| {{decrease}} 2.1
| 2
| {{decrease}} 1
|-
| 
| align=left| Free Voters Leipzig (FW)
| 10,106
| 1.1
| {{decrease}} 1.4
| 1
| {{steady}} 0
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Pirate Party Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Pirate Party Germany]] (Piraten)
| 9,759
| 1.1
| {{decrease}} 0.3
| 1
| {{steady}} 0
|-
| bgcolor=009332| 
| align=left| [[Freie Sachsen|Free Saxons]] (FS)
| 8,965
| 1.0
| New
| 1
| New
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Volt Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Volt Germany]] (Volt)
| 2,391
| 0.3
| New
| 0
| New
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany}}| 
| align=left| [[Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany|dieBasis]]
| 914
| 0.1
| New
| 0
| New
|-
| 
| align=left| Garden 24
| 829
| 0.1
| New
| 0
| New
|-
| 
| align=left| Our Human Rights in Focus
| 223
| 0.0
| New
| 0
| New
|-
! colspan=2| Valid votes
! 915,637
! 100.0
! 
! 
! 
|-
! colspan=2| Total
! 318,541
! 100.0
! 
! 70
! ±0
|-
! colspan=2| Electorate/voter turnout
! 472,669
! 67.4
! {{increase}} 7.7
! 
! 
|-
| colspan=7| Source: [https://wahlergebnis.leipzig.de/4/eu2024/14713000/praesentation/ergebnis.html?wahl_id=127&stimmentyp=0&id=ebene_-464_id_1668 Wahlen Leipzig]
|}

===State Landtag===
In the [[Landtag of Saxony]], Leipzig is divided among eight constituencies. After the [[2024 Saxony state election]], the composition and representation of each was as follows:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! Constituency
! Area
! colspan=2| Party
! Member
|-
| 25 Leipzig I || City centre || bgcolor={{party color|The Left (Germany)}}| || [[The Left (Germany)|Left]] || Nam Duy Nguyen
|-
| 26 Leipzig II || Southeast || bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| || [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] || Ronald Pohle
|-
| 27 Leipzig III || Inner north (Gohlis) || bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| || [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] || Wolf-Dietrich Rost
|-
| 28 Leipzig IV || Central south || bgcolor={{party color|The Left (Germany)}}| || [[The Left (Germany)|Left]] || Juliane Nagel
|-
| 29 Leipzig V || Southwest || bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| || [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] || Andreas Nowak
|-
| 30 Leipzig VI || Inner west (Lindenau) || bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}| || [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Grüne]] || Claudia Maicher
|-
| 31 Leipzig VII || Northwest || bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| || [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] || Rick Ulbricht
|-
| 32 Leipzig VIII || Northeast/inner east || bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| || [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] || Holger Gasse
|}

=== Bundestag ===
In the [[Bundestag]], Leipzig constitutes two constituencies. In the [[List of members of the 20th Bundestag|20th Bundestag]], the composition and representation of each was as follows:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! Constituency
! Area
! colspan=2| Party
! Member
|-
| 151 [[Leipzig I]]
| Alt-West, Nord, Nordost, Nordwest, and Ost || bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}| || [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] || [[Jens Lehmann (cyclist)|Jens Lehmann]]
|-
| 152 [[Leipzig II]] || Mitte, Süd, Südost, Südwest, and West || bgcolor={{party color|The Left (Germany)}}| || [[The Left (Germany)|Left]] || [[Sören Pellmann]]
|}

==Demographics==
[[File:Einwohnerentwicklung von Leipzig.svg|thumb|upright=1.15|Population development since 1200]]
[[File:Leipzig (Rathausturm, Neues Rathaus) 11 ies.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|right|Typically dense cityscape of Leipzig old town, view from the new town hall. Buildings '''from left to right''': [[Leipzig Zoological Garden|Gondwanaland of Leipzig Zoo]]; [[St. Thomas Church, Leipzig|St. Thomas Church]]; headquarters of Sparkasse Leipzig Bank; the Westin Hotel; and [[Museum der bildenden Künste|Museum of Fine Arts]] to the right.]]

{{historical populations
|1507|9000
|1600|20000
|1750|35000
|1852|66686
|1875|127387
|1890|295025
|1900|456124
|1910|589850
|1920|620000
|1930|718200
|1935|699300
|1940|709100
|1945|581528
|1955|613707
|1960|589632
|1965|595660
|1970|583885
|1980|562480
|1990|511079
|1995|470778
|2001|493052|2011|502979|2022|598899|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.
Source for 2001-2022: <ref>{{cite web |title=Germany: States and Major Cities|url=https://citypopulation.de/en/germany/cities/}}</ref>}}

Leipzig has a population of about 620,000.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.leipzig.de/buergerservice-und-verwaltung/unsere-stadt/statistik-und-zahlen/einwohner-und-bevoelkerungsentwicklung | title=Einwohnerzahl und Bevölkerungsentwicklung | access-date=18 April 2023 | archive-date=27 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025600/https://www.leipzig.de/buergerservice-und-verwaltung/unsere-stadt/statistik-und-zahlen/einwohner-und-bevoelkerungsentwicklung | url-status=live }}</ref> In 1930, the population reached its historical peak of over 700,000. It decreased steadily from 1950 to about 530,000 in 1989. In the 1990s, the population decreased rather rapidly to 437,000 in 1998. This reduction was mostly due to outward migration and suburbanisation. After almost doubling the city area by incorporation of surrounding towns in 1999, the number stabilised and started to rise again, with an increase of 1,000 in 2000.<ref>Staatliche Zentralverwaltung für Statistik, Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen</ref> {{As of|2015}}, Leipzig is the fastest-growing city in Germany with over 500,000 inhabitants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leipzig.de/news/news/einwohner-entwicklung-uebertrifft-selbst-optimistischste-prognosen/ |title=Leipzig wächst: Einwohner-Entwicklung übertrifft selbst optimistischste Prognosen |website=leipzig.de |date=2 March 2015 |language=de |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628124815/http://www.leipzig.de/news/news/einwohner-entwicklung-uebertrifft-selbst-optimistischste-prognosen/ |archive-date=28 June 2018}}</ref>
The growth of the past 10–15 years has mostly been due to inward migration. In recent years, inward migration accelerated, reaching an increase of 12,917 in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistik.sachsen.de/download/010_GB-Bev/02_03_23_tab.pdf |title=Überschuss der Zu- bzw. Fortzüge im Freistaat Sachsen 1990 bis 2018 nach Kreisfreien Städten und Landkreisen |language=de |website=statistik.sachsen.de |access-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308175733/https://www.statistik.sachsen.de/download/010_GB-Bev/02_03_23_tab.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2016}}</ref>

In the years following German reunification, many people of working age took the opportunity to move to the states of the former West Germany to seek employment opportunities. This was a contributory factor to falling birth rates. Births dropped from 7,000 in 1988 to less than 3,000 in 1994.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.demografie.sachsen.de/download/Geburten.pdf |title=Geburten je Frau im Freistaat Sachsen 1990 2011 |access-date=26 March 2013 |archive-date=9 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209202647/http://www.demografie.sachsen.de/download/Geburten.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> However, the number of children born in Leipzig has risen since the late 1990s. In 2011, it reached 5,490 births resulting in a [[Rate of natural increase|RNI]] of −17.7 (−393.7 in 1995).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistik.sachsen.de/download/010_GB-Bev/02_03_20_tab.pdf |title=Überschuss der Lebendgeborenen bzw. Gestorbenen im Freistaat Sachsen 1990 bis 2018 nach Kreisfreien Städten und Landkreisen |website=statistik.sachsen.de |language=de |access-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920162626/https://www.statistik.sachsen.de/download/010_GB-Bev/02_03_20_tab.pdf |archive-date=20 September 2019}}</ref>

The unemployment rate decreased from 18.2% in 2003 to 9.8% in 2014 and 7.6% in June 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://statistik.leipzig.de/ |title=Leipzig-Informationssystem |publisher=Statistik.leipzig.de |date=18 May 2012 |access-date=26 March 2013 |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527143907/https://statistik.leipzig.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/Auswahl/raeumlicher-Geltungsbereich/Politische-Gebietsstruktur/Kreise/Sachsen/14713-Leipzig-Stadt.html |title=Leipzig – statistik.arbeitsagentur.de |work=arbeitsagentur.de |access-date=11 August 2020 |archive-date=12 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512152859/https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/Auswahl/raeumlicher-Geltungsbereich/Politische-Gebietsstruktur/Kreise/Sachsen/14713-Leipzig-Stadt.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Lokales/Sommerflaute-vorbei-Arbeitslosenquote-in-Leipzig-erreicht-Tiefststand |title=Arbeitsmarkt – Sommerflaute vorbei – Arbeitslosenquote in Leipzig erreicht Tiefststand – LVZ – Leipziger Volkszeitung |last=LVZ-Online |website=www.lvz.de |access-date=2 September 2016 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522101858/https://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Lokales/Sommerflaute-vorbei-Arbeitslosenquote-in-Leipzig-erreicht-Tiefststand |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The percentage of the population from an immigrant background is low compared with other German cities. {{As of|2012}}, only 5.6% of the population were foreigners, compared to the German national average of 7.7%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/PresseService/Presse/Pressekonferenzen/2013/Zensus2011/bevoelkerung_zensus2011.pdf?__blob=publicationFile |title=Zensus 2011 – Bevölkerung Bundesrepublik Deutschland am 9. Mai 2011 |language=de |website=destatis.de |access-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115210053/https://www.destatis.de/DE/PresseService/Presse/Pressekonferenzen/2013/Zensus2011/bevoelkerung_zensus2011.pdf?__blob=publicationFile |archive-date=15 November 2013}}</ref>

The number of people with an immigrant background (immigrants and their children) grew from 49,323 in 2012 to 77,559 in 2016, making them 13.3% of the city's population (Leipzig's population 579,530 in 2016).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://statistik.leipzig.de/(S(1v0h2iqzyrjp2w55jlzknvj2))/statdist/table.aspx?cat=2&rub=4&obj=0 |title=Leipzig-Informationssystem > Kleinräumige Daten > Bevölkerungsbestand > Einwohner mit Migrationshintergund |author=Stadt Leipzig |work=leipzig.de |access-date=30 September 2013 |archive-date=31 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231051625/http://statistik.leipzig.de/(S(1v0h2iqzyrjp2w55jlzknvj2))/statdist/table.aspx?cat=2&rub=4&obj=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The largest minorities (first and second generation) in Leipzig by country of origin as of 31 December 2021 are:<ref>{{cite web |title=Faltblatt Migrantinnen und Migranten in Leipzig 2022 |url=https://www.leipzig.de/jugend-familie-und-soziales/auslaender-und-migranten/migration-und-integration |publisher=Stadt Leipzig |access-date=13 October 2023 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509112046/https://www.leipzig.de/jugend-familie-und-soziales/auslaender-und-migranten/migration-und-integration/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#efefef;"|Rank
! style="background:#efefef;"|Country
! style="background:#efefef;"|Total
! style="background:#efefef;"|Foreigners
! style="background:#efefef;"|Germans
|-
|1||{{flagu|Ukraine}}||11,768||10,022||1,746
|-
|2||{{flagu|Syria}}||9,059||8,523||536
|-
|3||{{flagu|Russia}}||8,773||3,214||5,559
|-
|4||{{flagu|Poland}}||5,019||3,006||2,013
|-
|5||{{flagu|Romania}}||4,161||3,675||486
|-
|6||{{flagu|Vietnam}}||3,930||2,403||1,527
|-
|7||{{flagu|Turkey}}||2,820||1,800||1,020
|-
|8||{{flagu|Iraq}}||2,816||2,104||712
|-
|9||{{flagu|Kazakhstan}}||2,244||246||1,998
|-
|10||{{flagu|Afghanistan}}||2,171||1,916||255
|-
|11||{{flagu|Italy}}||1,983||1,564||419
|-
|12||{{flagu|Hungary}}||1,814||1,349||465
|-
|13||{{flagu|Bulgaria}}||1,615||1,238||377
|-
|14||{{flagu|France}}||1,594||1,066||528
|-
|15||{{flagu|India}}||1,537||1,309||232
|-
|}

==Culture, sights and cityscape==
In the 2010s, Leipzig was often referred to as ''Hypezig'', as overblown comparisons were made to 1990s and early 2000s Berlin. The affordability, diversity and openness of the city have attracted many young people from across Europe, leading to a trendsetting alternative atmosphere, resulting in an innovative music, dance and art scene.<ref name="Warum Leipzig der beste Ort für kreative Experimente ist-2019">{{Cite web |url=https://i-d.vice.com/de/article/j5yx87/leipzig-kreative-balance-club-culture |title=Warum Leipzig der beste Ort für kreative Experimente ist |date=13 August 2019 |access-date=20 June 2021 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628005657/https://i-d.vice.com/de/article/j5yx87/leipzig-kreative-balance-club-culture |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Architecture===
{{see also|Architecture of Leipzig|List of arcade galleries in Leipzig}}
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| image1            = Leipzig Palais Roßbach.jpg
| width1            = 150
| caption1          = ''Palais Roßbach'', one of the many {{Lang|de|[[Gründerzeit]]}} buildings in Leipzig
| image2            = Mädlerpassage Figurenpruppen Auerbachs Keller Leipzig 052-cvh.jpg
| width2            = 185
| caption2          = [[Mädlerpassage|Mädler Passage]], one of 24 covered passages in Leipzig city centre
}}

The historic central area of Leipzig features a [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance-style]] ensemble of buildings from the sixteenth century, including the old city hall in the marketplace. There are also several [[Baroque architecture|baroque period]] trading houses and former residences of rich merchants. As Leipzig grew considerably during the economic boom of the late-nineteenth century, the town has many buildings in the [[Historicism (art)|historicist style]] representative of the {{Lang|de|[[Gründerzeit]]}} era. Approximately 35% of Leipzig's flats are in buildings of this type. The [[New Town Hall (Leipzig)|new city hall]], completed in 1905, is built in the same style.

Some 90,000 apartments in Leipzig were built in {{Lang|de|[[Plattenbau]]}} buildings during Communist rule in East Germany.<ref>* {{cite book | last=Tesch | first=Joachim | title=Bauen in Leipzig | publication-place=Leipzig | date=2003 | isbn=3-89819-159-1 | language=de}}</ref> Although some of these have been demolished and fewer people live in this type of accommodation in recent years, a significant number still live in Plattenbau apartments. Grünau, for example, had about 43,600 people living in this sort of accommodation in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leipzig.de/gruenau/ |title=Leipzig-Grünau |work=city of Leipzig |language=de |access-date=27 May 2013 |archive-date=19 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419012621/http://www.leipzig.de/gruenau/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Paulinerkirche, Leipzig|St. Paul's Church]] was destroyed by the Communist government in 1968 to make room for a new main building for the university. After some debate, the city decided to establish a new, mainly secular building at the same location, called [[Paulinum (University of Leipzig)|Paulinum]], which was completed in 2012. Its architecture alludes to the look of the former church and it includes space for religious use by the faculty of theology, including the original altar from the old church and two newly built organs.

Many commercial buildings were built in the 1990s as a result of tax breaks after German reunification.

===Tallest buildings and structures===
{{main|List of tallest buildings in Leipzig}}
The tallest structure in Leipzig is the chimney of the Stahl- und Hartgusswerk Bösdorf GmbH with a height of {{cvt|205|m|ft|abbr=off}}. With {{cvt|142|m|ft|abbr=off}}, the tallest building in Leipzig is the [[City-Hochhaus Leipzig]]. From 1972 to 1973 it was [[List of tallest buildings in Germany|Germany's tallest building]].

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; background:#fefef6; width:50%;"
|-
! Buildings and structures
!class="unsortable"|Image
! Height in metres
! Year
!class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
|align=left|Chimney of Stahl- und Hartgusswerk Bösdorf GmbH
|[[File:Knautnaundorf schornstein.jpg|80px]]
|205
|1984
|
|-
|align=left|Funkturm Leipzig
|[[File:FT Leipzig Antennenmontage 6.jpg|80px]]
|191
|2015
|
|-
|align=left|DVB-T-Sendeturm
|[[File:DVB-T-Turm-C-M.jpg|80px]]
|190
|1986
|Demolished in 2023 after loss of function.
|-
|align=left|4 x Wind turbine Nordex N100
| [[File:20140315 xl Windkraftanlage-WKA-in-der-Naehe-der-neuen-Messe-Leipzig-6035.jpg|80px]]
| 190
|2013
|
|-
|align=left|[[City-Hochhaus Leipzig]]
|[[File:Leipzig - Augustusplatz + City-Hochhaus 03 ies.jpg|80px]]
|142
|1972
|Total height 155&nbsp;m, headquarters of [[European Energy Exchange]].
|-
|align=left|[[Deutsche Telekom|Fernmeldeturm Leipzig]]
|[[File:Leipzig Fernmeldeturm Holzhausen 2.JPG|80px]]
|132
|1995
|
|-
|align=left|Tower of [[New Town Hall (Leipzig)|New Town Hall]]
|[[File:Leipzig Neues Rathaus 01.JPG|80px]]
|115
|1905
|Tallest town hall in Germany
|-
|align=left|[[Wintergartenhochhaus]]
|[[File:Leipzig.Wintergartenstraße 12.03.2014 17-26-49.JPG|80px]]
|106.8
|1972
|Used as residential tower
|-
|align=left|[[The Westin Leipzig]]
|[[File:Leipzig (City-Hochhaus) 42 ies.jpg|80px]]
|96
|1981
|Hotel with skybar and restaurant
|-
|align=left|[[Monument to the Battle of the Nations]]
|[[File:Völkerschlachtdenkmal Leipzig beim Nacht.jpg|80px]]
|91
|1913
|Tallest monument in Europe.
|-
|align=left|[[St. Peter, Leipzig|St. Peters']]
|[[File:Peterskirche8405.JPG|80px]]
|88.5
|1885
|Leipzig's tallest church.
|-
|align=left|[[Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk|MDR-Hochhaus]]
|[[File:131008-MDR-Leipzig.JPG|80px]]
|65
|2000
|MDR is one of Germany's public broadcasters.
|-
|align=left|Hochhaus Löhr's Carree
|[[File:Löhrs Carré Leipzig.JPG|80px]]
|65
|1997
|Headquarters of [[Landesbank Baden-Württemberg|Sachsen Bank]] and [[Sparkasse Leipzig]].
|-
|align=left|Center Torgauer Platz
|[[File:Leipzig Torgauer Platz Center.jpg|80px]]
|63
|1995
|
|-
|align=left|[[Europahaus (Leipzig)|Europahaus]]
|[[File:Europahaus-Leipzig.jpg|80px]]
|56
|1929
|Headquarters of Stadtwerke Leipzig
|}

===Museums and the arts===
One of the highlights of the city's contemporary arts was the [[Neo Rauch]] retrospective opening in April 2010 at the [[Museum der bildenden Künste|Leipzig Museum of Fine Arts]]. This is a show devoted to the father of the [[New Leipzig School]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/08/magazine/08leipzig.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print |title=The New Leipzig School |last=Lubow |first=Arthur |work=The New York Times |date=8 January 2006 |access-date=5 April 2010}}</ref> of artists. According to ''The New York Times'',<ref name="The New York Times-2010">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/10/travel/10places.html?pagewanted=1&th&emc=th |title=The 31 Places to Go in 2010 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=10 January 2010 |access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522103152/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/10/travel/10places.html?pagewanted=1&th&emc=th |url-status=live }}</ref> this scene "has been the toast of the contemporary art world" for the past decade. In addition, there are eleven galleries in the so-called [[Leipziger Baumwollspinnerei|Spinnerei]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spinnerei.de/ |title=Leipziger Baumwollspinnerei – From Cotton to Culture |access-date=21 September 2019 |language=en |archive-date=29 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629211356/https://www.spinnerei.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Grassi Museum]] complex contains three more of Leipzig's major collections:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grassimuseum.de/grassi_en.html |title=Museen at Grassi |language=de |publisher=grassimuseum.de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510230345/http://www.grassimuseum.de/grassi_en.html |archive-date=10 May 2015}}</ref> the [[Leipzig Museum of Ethnography|Ethnography Museum]], [[Leipzig Museum of Applied Arts|Applied Arts Museum]] and [[Museum of Musical Instruments of the University of Leipzig|Musical Instrument Museum]] (the last of which is run by the University of Leipzig). The university also runs the [[Museum of Antiquities of the University of Leipzig|Museum of Antiquities]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uni-leipzig.de/antik/index.php?id=9 |title=Institut für Klassische Archäologie und Antikenmuseum |date=26 June 2023 |language=de |access-date=18 October 2010 |archive-date=14 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214023742/http://www.uni-leipzig.de/antik/index.php?id=9 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Founded in March 2015, the [[G2 Kunsthalle]] houses the Hildebrand Collection.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bmw-art-guide.com/idx/collections/g2-kunsthalle |title=G2 Kunsthalle |website=www.bmw-art-guide.com |access-date=16 March 2016 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420145114/https://bmw-art-guide.com/idx/collections/g2-kunsthalle |url-status=live }}</ref> This private collection focuses on the so-called [[New Leipzig School]]. Leipzig's first private museum dedicated to contemporary art in Leipzig after the turn of the millennium is located in the city centre close to the famous [[St. Thomas Church, Leipzig|St. Thomas Church]] on the third floor of the former GDR processing centre.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://g2-leipzig.de/en/ |title=G2 Leipzig |website=g2-leipzig.de |access-date=16 March 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304063344/http://g2-leipzig.de/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Also dedicated to the contemporary art is the [[Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst Leipzig]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.e-flux.com/directory/72550/galerie-fr-zeitgenssische-kunst-leipzig-gfzk/ |title=Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst Leipzig in the e-flux Directory |access-date=27 February 2024 |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226201027/https://www.e-flux.com/directory/72550/galerie-fr-zeitgenssische-kunst-leipzig-gfzk/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Other museums in Leipzig include the following:
*The [[German Museum of Books and Writing]] is the world's oldest museum of its kind, founded in 1884.
*The [[Bach Museum Leipzig|Bach Museum]] at the [[St. Thomas Church Square]].
*The Egyptian Museum of the University of Leipzig located in the [[Kroch High-rise]] comprises a collection of about 7,000 artefacts from several millennia.
*The [[Friedrich Schiller|Schillerhaus]] is the house where Schiller lived in summer 1785.
*The [[Zeitgeschichtliches Forum Leipzig]] (Forum of Contemporary History) shows the history of the German division and the everyday life in the socialist German Democratic Republic.
*[[Naturkundemuseum Leipzig]] is the city's natural history museum.
*The [[Leipzig Panometer]] is a visual panorama displayed inside a former gasometer, accompanied by a thematic exhibition.
*The "Museum in der Runden Ecke" is the best known museum in the city. It deals with the operation of the [[Stasi]] State Security of former East Germany.
*[[Johann Sebastian Bach]] lived from 1723 until his death in Leipzig. The [[Bach Archive]] is an institution for the documentation and research of his life and work.
*[[Mendelssohn House, Leipzig|Mendelssohn House]], home of Felix Mendelssohn from 1845 until his death in 1847.
*[[Schumann House, Leipzig|Schumann House]], home of Robert and Clara Schumann from 1840 to 1844.
* The [[Saxon Psychiatric Museum]] is a small museum dealing with the history of lunatic asylums and psychiatry.

<gallery>
File:DNB2012.JPG|German Museum of Books and Writing
File:Ägyptisches Museum Leipzig 099.jpg|Exhibits of the Egyptian Museum
File:Leipzig-Grassi-Museen.jpg|Grassi Museum
File:LE-Connewitz Gasometer I Arena-02.jpg|Inside Gasometer, next to the Panometer
File:Runde Ecke Leipzig.jpg|Museum in der Runden Ecke
File:Museum der bildenden Künste.JPG|Museum of Fine Arts
File:Baumwollspinnerei.jpg|Baumwollspinnerei
File:Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst.jpg|Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst
</gallery>

===Main sights===
*[[Leipzig Zoological Garden]] is one of the most modern zoos in Europe, with approximately 850 different animal species. It houses the world's largest zoological facilities for [[primate]]s (Pongoland). Gondwanaland is the world's largest indoor rainforest hall.
*[[Monument to the Battle of the Nations]] (''Völkerschlachtdenkmal'') ([[Battle of Leipzig|Battle of the Nations]] Monument): one of the largest monuments in Europe, built to commemorate the victorious battle against Napoleonic troops.
*[[Federal Administrative Court of Germany|Bundesverwaltungsgericht]]: Germany's federal administrative court was the site of the [[Reichsgericht]], the highest state court between 1888 and 1945.
*[[New Town Hall (Leipzig)|New Town Hall]]: the city's administrative building was built upon the remains of the ''[[Pleissenburg]]'', a castle that was the site of the [[Leipzig Debate|1519 debate]] between [[Johann Eck]] and [[Martin Luther]]. It is also Germany's tallest town hall.
* [[Old Town Hall (Leipzig)|Old Town Hall]] on the [[Markt (Leipzig)|Market square]]: the old city hall was built in 1556 and houses a museum of the city's history.
*[[City-Hochhaus Leipzig]]: built in 1972, the city's tallest habitable building is one of the top 25 [[Tallest building in Germany|tallest buildings in Germany]].
*The [[Augusteum (Leipzig)|Augusteum]] and [[Paulinum (University of Leipzig)|Paulinum]] at [[Augustusplatz]] form the new main campus of the [[University of Leipzig]].
*[[Leipzig Trade Fair]] centre in the north of the city is home to the world's largest levitated glass hall.<ref>[http://exhibition.av-solutions.info/leipzig Leipzig] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409082016/http://exhibition.av-solutions.info/leipzig|date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
*[[Leipzig Hauptbahnhof]] is the world's largest railway station by floor area and a shopping destination.
*[[Auerbachs Keller|Auerbach's Cellar]]: a young [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]] imbibed in this basement-level restaurant while studying in Leipzig; it features as the location of a scene from his play ''[[Goethe's Faust|Faust]]''.
*The [[Alte Handelsbörse|Old Leipzig bourse]] at [[Naschmarkt (Leipzig)|Naschmarkt]] with a monument of [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]].
*[[Südfriedhof (Leipzig)|South Cemetery]] (Südfriedhof) is, with an area of {{Convert|82|ha}}, the largest cemetery in Leipzig.
*The [[German National Library]] has two locations, one of them in Leipzig.
*[[Leipzig Bayerischer Bahnhof]] is Germany's oldest preserved railway station.
*[[Gohlis Palace]] (Gohliser Schlösschen)
*[[Leipzig Synagogue]] was destroyed by the Nazis in 1938. Now a memorial of 140 bronze chairs stands where the pews once were.

<gallery>
File:Panoràmma de Leipzig.jpg|[[Augustusplatz]]
File:Leipzig - Zoo - Gondwanaland in 14 ies.jpg|Inside Gondwanaland at Leipzig Zoological Garden
File:VölkerschlachtdenkmalLeipzig1.jpg|Monument to the Battle of the Nations
File:Leipzig (Rathausturm, Neues Rathaus) 18 ies.jpg|[[Federal Administrative Court of Germany]]
File:Neues Rathaus Leipzig jpg8.jpg|New city hall
File:Old city hall of Leipzig (5).jpg|Old city hall at market square
File:Rainbowflash 2013 Leipzig (4).jpg|City-Hochhaus
File:Uni Leipzig Paulinum Universitätskirche St. Pauli 216-cvh.jpg|New Augusteum of the University of Leipzig
File:Messe Pano DRI.jpg|Leipzig Trade Fair
File:Bahnhof Leipzig von Panorama Tower 2013.jpg|Leipzig main station
File:Schilder an Auerbachs Keller 2013.jpg|''Auerbachs Keller'' in the Mädlerpassage
File:Ehemaliges Messehaus.jpg|Riquethaus (former Tradehouse)
File:Goethe Statue Naschmarkt Leipzig.jpg|Old Leipzig bourse
File:Suedfriedhof Leipzig.jpg|Südfriedhof
File:BibLeipzigaussen.JPG|German National Library
File:City-Tunnel Leipzig - Station Bayerischer Bahnhof 01 (Zugang 1).JPG|Leipzig Bayerischer Bahnhof
File:Leipzig Gohliser Schloesschen.jpg|[[Gohlis Palace]] (Gohliser Schlösschen)
File:Synagogue Memorial (Leipzig) (3).jpg|Leipzig Synagogue Memorial
File:Yadegar Asisi Panorama EVEREST.jpg|'Everest' at [[Leipzig Panometer]]
</gallery>

===Churches===
*[[St. Thomas Church, Leipzig|St. Thomas's Church]] (Thomaskirche): most famous as the place where [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] worked as a [[Cantor (church)|cantor]] and home to the renowned boys choir ''[[Thomanerchor]]''. A monument to [[Felix Mendelssohn]] stands in front of this church. Destroyed by the Nazis in 1936, the statue was re-erected on 18 October 2008.
*[[St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig|St.&nbsp;Nicholas's Church]] (Nikolaikirche), for which Bach was also responsible. The weekly ''Montagsgebet'' (Monday prayer) held here became the starting point of peaceful [[Monday demonstrations in East Germany|Monday demonstrations]] against the [[East Germany|DDR]] regime in the 1980s.
*[[St. Peter, Leipzig|St. Peter's]] has the highest tower of any church in Leipzig, at {{cvt|87|m|ft|abbr=off}}.
*The new [[Propsteikirche, Leipzig|Propsteikirche]], opened in 2015.
*The Continental Reformed Church of Leipzig (''Evangelisch-reformierte Kirche'') is one of the most prominent buildings on the Leipzig Innercity ring.
*The [[Russian Memorial Church of Saint Alexius (Leipzig)|Russian Memorial Church of Leipzig]]
*St. Michael's Church is one of the landmarks of Gohlis district.

<gallery>
File:Nicolaikirche Leipzig.jpg|St. Nicholas Church
File:Saint Thomas church in Leipzig (18).jpg|St. Thomas Church
File:Peterskirche Leipzig easyHDR.jpg|St. Peter's Church
File:Neue Propsteikirche St. Trinitatis Leipzig.jpg|[[Propsteikirche, Leipzig|Propsteikirche]] in May 2015; New Town Hall in the background
File:Evangel.-Reform. Kirche (3668182160).jpg|Continental Reformed church of Leipzig
File:Leipzig Russische Gedaechtniskirche.jpg|Russian Church of Leipzig
File:Michaelis-SWL.jpg|St. Michael's Church with the headquarters of ''Stadtwerke Leipzig'' to the right
</gallery>

===Parks and lakes===
Leipzig is well known for its large parks. The ''Leipziger Auwald'' ([[riparian forest]]) lies mostly within the city limits. [[Neuseenland]] is an area south of Leipzig where old open-cast mines are being converted into a huge lake district. It is planned to be finished in 2060.
*[[Leipzig Botanical Garden]] is the oldest of its kind in Germany. It contains a total of some 7,000 plant species, of which nearly 3,000 species comprise ten special collections.
* [[Johannapark]] and [[Clara-Zetkin-Park (Leipzig)|Clara-Zetkin-Park]] are the most prominent parks in the Leipzig city centre ([[Leipzig-Mitte]]).
*''[[Leipzig Riverside Forest|Leipziger Auwald]]'' covers a total area of approx. 2,500 hectares. The Rosental is a park in the north of the forest and borders Leipzig Zoo.
*The [[Leipzig Wildlife Park]] in [[Connewitz]], showing 25 species.

<gallery>
File:SDC11449 - Epipedobates anthonyi.JPG|Inside Leipzig Botanical Garden
File:Johannapark Leipzig.JPG|Johannapark
File:Leipziger Auenwald April 2014 005.JPG|''Leipziger Auwald''
File:Sonnenaufgang Rosental Leipzig.jpg|[[Rosental]] in the morning
File:Leipzig Friedenspark.jpg|Friedenspark
File:Markkleeberger See Strand.jpg|[[Markkleeberger See]]
File:Cospudener See (1) 2005-09-09.JPG|[[Cospudener See]]
</gallery>

===Music===
====Baroque to Modern====
[[Johann Sebastian Bach]] spent the longest phase of his career in Leipzig, from 1723 until his death in 1750, conducting the [[Thomanerchor]] (St. Thomas Church Choir), at the [[St. Thomas Church, Leipzig|St. Thomas Church]], the [[St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig|St. Nicholas Church]] and the [[Paulinerkirche, Leipzig|Paulinerkirche]], the university church of Leipzig (destroyed in 1968). The composer [[Richard Wagner]] was born in Leipzig in 1813, in the [[Brühl (Leipzig)|Brühl]]. [[Robert Schumann]] was also active in Leipzig music, having been invited by [[Felix Mendelssohn]] when the latter established Germany's first musical [[conservatoire]] in the city in 1843. [[Gustav Mahler]] was second conductor (working under [[Artur Nikisch]]) at the [[Oper Leipzig|Leipzig Opera]] from June 1886 until May 1888, and achieved his first significant recognition while there by completing and publishing [[Carl Maria von Weber]]'s opera [[Die Drei Pintos]]. Mahler also completed his own [[Symphony No. 1 (Mahler)|1st Symphony]] while living in Leipzig.

Today the conservatory is the [[University of Music and Theatre Leipzig]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hmt-leipzig.de/index.php?english |title=Welcome to our University of Music & Theatre |access-date=2 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119022822/http://www.hmt-leipzig.de/index.php?english |archive-date=19 January 2010}}</ref> A broad range of subjects are taught, including artistic and teacher training in all orchestral instruments, voice, interpretation, coaching, piano [[chamber music]], orchestral conducting, choir conducting and [[musical composition]] in various musical styles. The drama departments teach acting and [[dramaturgy|scriptwriting]].

The [[Bach-Archiv Leipzig]], an institution for the documentation and research of the life and work of Bach (and also of the [[Bach family]]), was founded in Leipzig in 1950 by [[Werner Neumann]]. The Bach-Archiv organizes the prestigious [[International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition]], initiated in 1950 as part of a music festival marking the bicentennial of Bach's death. The competition is now held every two years in three changing categories. The Bach-Archiv also organizes performances, especially the international festival [[Bachfest Leipzig]] and runs the Bach-Museum.

The city's musical tradition is also reflected in the worldwide fame of the [[Gewandhausorchester|Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]], under its chief conductor [[Andris Nelsons]], and the Thomanerchor.

The [[MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra]] is Leipzig's second largest symphony orchestra. Its current chief conductor is [[Kristjan Järvi]]. Both the Gewandhausorchester and the MDR Leipzig Radio Symphony Orchestra make use of in the [[Gewandhaus]] concert hall.

For over sixty years Leipzig has been offering a "school concert"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.musikschule-leipzig.de/r-schulkonzerte.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716230914/http://www.musikschule-leipzig.de/r-schulkonzerte.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 July 2009 |title=Schulkonzerte |publisher=musikschule-leipzig.de}}</ref> programme for children in Germany, with over 140 concerts every year in venues such as the Gewandhaus and over 40,000 children attending.

====Contemporary====
Leipzig is known for its independent music scene and subcultural events. Leipzig has for thirty years been home to the {{lang|de|[[Wave-Gotik-Treffen]]|italic=no}} (WGT), which is currently the world's largest Gothic festival, where thousands of fans of [[goth music]] gather in the early summer. The first Wave Gotik Treffen was held at the Eiskeller club, today known as [[Conne Island]], in the [[Connewitz]] district. [[Mayhem (band)|Mayhem]]'s notorious album [[Live in Leipzig]] was also recorded at the Eiskeller club. 

Leipzig Pop Up was an annual music trade fair for the independent music scene as well as a music festival taking place on [[Pentecost]] weekend.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leipzig-popup.de/ |title=Pop Up official website |access-date=9 January 2010 |archive-date=24 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424162923/http://leipzig-popup.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Its most famous indie-labels are Moon Harbour Recordings (House) and Kann Records (House/Techno/Psychedelic). Several venues offer live music frequently, including the [[Moritzbastei]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moritzbastei.de/ |title=Moritzbastei homepage |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-date=7 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507051355/http://www.moritzbastei.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tonelli's, and Noch Besser Leben.

''[[Die Prinzen]]'' ("The Princes") is a German band founded in Leipzig. With almost six million records sold, they are one of the most successful German bands. 

The cover photo for the [[Beirut (band)|Beirut]] band's 2005 album ''[[Gulag Orkestar]]'', according to the sleeve notes, was stolen from a Leipzig library by Zach Condon.

The city of Leipzig is also the birthplace of [[Till Lindemann]], best known as the lead vocalist of [[Rammstein]], a band formed in 1994.

<gallery>
File:Opernhaus Leipzig Abend Nacht.jpg|[[Leipzig Opera]]
File:AUGUSTUSPLATZ-014.jpg|View over [[Augustusplatz]] with the Gewandhaus
File:Leipzig - Universitätsstraße - Moritzbastei 05 ies.jpg|[[Moritzbastei]] is the largest student club in Germany and is famous for its atmosphere and large number of cultural and music events.
File:Johann Sebastian Bach Denkmal Leipzig.jpg|Monument of [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]
File:Wahren3.jpg|[[Haus Auensee]], a concert hall
</gallery>

===Annual events===
*Auto Mobil International (AMI) [[motor show]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ami-leipzig.de/ |title=AMI – Auto Mobil International, Leipziger Messe |access-date=2 December 2010 |archive-date=29 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929011920/http://www.ami-leipzig.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*AMITEC, trade fair for vehicle maintenance, care, servicing and repairs in Germany and Central Europe<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amitec-leipzig.de/ |title=AMITEC – Fachmesse für Fahrzeugteile, Werkstatt und Service, Leipziger Messe |access-date=2 December 2010 |archive-date=22 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322123045/http://amitec-leipzig.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''[[A cappella]]'': vocal music festival, organized by the [[Amarcord (ensemble)|ensemble amarcord]]
*''[[Bachfest_Leipzig|Bachfest]]'': [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] festival
* [[Leipzig Christmas Market]] (since 1458)
*''[[Dok Leipzig]]'': international festival for documentary and animated film
*Jazztage,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jazzclub-leipzig.de/ |title=Jazzclug-leipzig.de homepage |access-date=30 July 2009 |archive-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423014303/https://www.jazzclub-leipzig.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref> contemporary jazz festival
*Ladyfest Leipzig<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ladyfest.leipzigerinnen.de/ |title=Ladyfest Leipzigerinnen homepage |access-date=14 August 2007 |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527122345/http://ladyfest.leipzigerinnen.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (August) [[wikt:emancipatoric|Emancipatoric]], feminist punk and electro festival
*[[Leipzig Book Fair]]: the second largest German book fair after Frankfurt
*{{Interlanguage link multi|Lichtfest Leipzig|de}}, festival celebrating the demonstrations leading up to the collapse of the East German regime
*OPER unplugged with Music Dance Theatre by [[Heike Hennig]] & Co<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oper-unplugged.de/ |title=Oper Unplugger – Musik Tanz Theater |language=de |access-date=2 December 2010 |archive-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912103318/http://oper-unplugged.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''Stadtfest'': city festival
*{{lang|de|[[Wave-Gotik-Treffen]]}} at [[Pentecost]]: world's largest goth or "dark culture" festival
*Leipzig Pop Up<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leipzig-popup.de/ |title=Leipzig Pop Up independent music trade fair and festival |access-date=2 December 2010 |archive-date=24 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424162923/http://leipzig-popup.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Chaos Communication Congress]]

<gallery>
File:Leipzig Messe Kongresszentrum Glashalle.jpg|Leipzig Trade Fair
File:Leipziger Buchmesse 2015.jpg|Leipzig Book Fair 2015
File:2016 WGT 002 Belantis.jpg|Wave-Gotik-Treffen 2016; [[Belantis]] park in the background
File:Leipziger Weihnachtsmarkt Eingang.jpg|Leipzig Christmas market entrance
File:Dokwoche.jpg|DOK Leipzig
</gallery>

===Food and drink===
*An all-season local dish is [[Leipziger Allerlei]], a stew consisting of seasonal vegetables and [[crayfish]].
*[[Leipziger Lerche]] is a [[shortcrust pastry]] dish filled with crushed almonds, nuts and strawberry jam; the name ("Leipzig lark") comes from a lark pâté which was a Leipzig speciality until the banning of songbird hunting in Saxony in 1876.
*[[Gose]] is a locally brewed top-fermenting [[sour beer]] that originated in the [[Goslar]] region and became popular in 18th-century Leipzig.

<gallery>
File:Leipziger Lerchen.jpg|Leipziger Lerchen
File:Goseflasche Pressglas.jpg|Historical Gose bottle ({{Circa|1900}})
</gallery>

==Sports==
There are more than 300 sport clubs in the city, representing 78 different disciplines. Over 400 athletic facilities are available to citizens and club members.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leipzig.de/de/buerger/freizeit/sport/tradition/sportlich/02544.shtml |title=Das Leipziger Sportangebot aktuell |publisher=leipzig.de |access-date=2 December 2010 |language=de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228223928/http://www.leipzig.de/de/buerger/freizeit/sport/tradition/sportlich/02544.shtml |archive-date=28 February 2008}}</ref>

===Football===
[[File:Leipzig stadium.jpg|thumb|The [[Red Bull Arena (Leipzig)|Red Bull Arena]] from above. Home of RB Leipzig.]]
[[File:BrunoPlacheStadion.JPG|thumb|[[Bruno-Plache-Stadion]] is the home stadion of [[1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig]].]]
The [[German Football Association]] (DFB) was founded in Leipzig in 1900. The city was the venue for the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]] draw, and hosted four first-round matches and one match in the round of 16 in the [[Zentralstadion (Leipzig)|central stadium]].

[[VfB Leipzig]] won the first national Association football championship in 1903. The club was dissolved in 1946 and the remains reformed as SG Probstheida. The club was eventually reorganized as football club 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig in 1966. 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig has had a glorious past in international competition as well, having been champions of the [[1965–66 Intertoto Cup]], semi-finalists in the [[1973–74 UEFA Cup]], and runners-up in the [[1986–87 European Cup Winners' Cup]].

[[Red Bull]] took over a local 5th division football club [[SSV Markranstädt]] in May 2009, having previously been denied the right to buy into [[FC Sachsen Leipzig]] in 2006. The club was renamed [[RB Leipzig]] and came up through the ranks of German football, winning promotion to the [[Bundesliga]], the highest division of German football in 2016.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Christoph |last=Ruf |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,631450,00.html |title=Buying Its Way to the Bundesliga – Red Bull Wants to Caffeinate Small football Club |journal=Spiegel Online International |date=19 June 2009 |access-date=2 December 2010 |archive-date=28 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128034741/http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,631450,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The club finished runners-up in its first-ever Bundesliga season and made its debut in the [[UEFA Champions League]] in 2017 and the Semi-Final in 2020.

RB Leipzig won the [[DFB-Pokal]] football cup twice, in 2022 and 2023. 

List of Leipzig men and women's football clubs playing at state level and above:

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! class="unsortable"|Club
! Founded
! class="unsortable"|League
! Level
! class="unsortable"|Home ground
! Capacity
|-
|align=left|[[RB Leipzig]]||2009||align=left|[[Bundesliga]]||1||align=left|[[Red Bull Arena (Leipzig)|Red Bull Arena]]||47,069
|-
|align=left|[[RB Leipzig affiliated teams#Women's football|RB Leipzig (women)]]||2016[[#fn 1|<sup>1</sup>]]||align=left|[[2. Frauen-Bundesliga]]||2||align=left|Sportanlage Gontardweg||1,300
|-
|align=left|[[1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig]]||2003||align=left|[[Regionalliga Nordost]]||4||align=left|[[Bruno-Plache-Stadion]]||7,000
|-
|align=left|[[BSG Chemie Leipzig (1997)|BSG Chemie Leipzig]]||1997[[#fn 2|<sup>2</sup>]]||align=left|[[Regionalliga Nordost]]||4||align=left|[[Alfred-Kunze-Sportpark]]||4,999
|-
|align=left|[[Inter Leipzig|FC International Leipzig]]||2013||align=left|[[NOFV-Oberliga Süd]]||5||align=left|Sportpark Tresenwald||1,500
|-
|align=left|[[Roter Stern Leipzig]]||1999||align=left|[[Landesklasse]] Sachsen Nord||7||align=left|Sportpark Dölitz||1,200
|-
|}
Note 1: The RB Leipzig women's football team was formed in 2016 and began play in the 2016–17 season.<br />
Note 2: The club began play in the 2008–09 season.

===Ice hockey===
Since the beginning of the 20th century, [[ice hockey]] has gained popularity, and several local clubs established departments dedicated to that sport.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sportmuseum-leipzig.de/Ablage-Zeitung/4-2001/seite-5_A.htm |title=Was einst mit dem Krummstab begann ... Zur Geschichte des Eishockeysports in der Region Leipzig |author=Fritz Rudolph |publisher=sportmuseum-leipzig.de |access-date=2 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115042649/http://www.sportmuseum-leipzig.de/Ablage-Zeitung/4-2001/seite-5_A.htm |archive-date=15 January 2010}}</ref>

===Handball===
[[SC DHfK Leipzig Handball|SC DHfK Leipzig]] is the men's handball club in Leipzig and were six times (1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1965 and 1966) the champion of East Germany handball league and was winner of [[EHF Champions League]] in 1966. They finally promoted to [[Handball-Bundesliga]] as champions of [[2. Handball-Bundesliga|2. Bundesliga]] in 2014–15 season. They play in the [[Arena Leipzig]] which has a capacity of 6,327 spectators in [[Handball-Bundesliga|HBL]] games but can take up to 7,532 spectators for handball in maximum capacity.

[[Handball Club Leipzig|Handball-Club Leipzig]] is one of the most successful women's handball clubs in Germany, winning 21 domestic championships since 1953 and 2 [[Women's EHF Champions League|Champions League]] titles. The team was however relegated to the third tier league in 2017 due to failing to achieve the economic standard demanded by the league licence.

===American football===
The [[Leipzig Kings]] were an [[American football]] team playing in the [[European League of Football]] (ELF), which is a professional league, that became the first fully professional league in Europe since the demise of [[NFL Europe]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Football-Comeback des Jahres: Hamburg Sea Devils und Frankfurt Galaxy starten in der ELF |url=https://www.ran.de/american-football/elf/elf-news/football-comeback-des-jahres-hamburg-sea-devils-und-frankfurt-galaxy-starten-in-der-elf-116073 |access-date=9 March 2021 |date=9 March 2021 |website=ran.de |language=German }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The Kings began by playing games against teams from Germany, Spain and Poland in June 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neues Hamburger Footballteam spielt im Stadion Hoheluft |url=https://www.abendblatt.de/sport/article231587759/Neues-Hamburger-Footballteam-spielt-im-Stadion-Hoheluft.html |publisher=Hamburger Abendblatt |access-date=17 February 2021 |language=German |date=17 February 2021 |archive-date=17 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217163437/https://www.abendblatt.de/sport/article231587759/Neues-Hamburger-Footballteam-spielt-im-Stadion-Hoheluft.html |url-status=live }}</ref> They played their home games at [[Alfred-Kunze-Sportpark]].

=== Speedway ===
The [[Motodrom am Cottaweg]] is a [[motorcycle speedway]] stadium on the west side of the Neue Luppe, located on the Cottaweg road.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.leipzig.de/freizeit-kultur-und-tourismus/sport/sportstaettenbelegung/detailseite/detailseite/sportobjekt-motodrom |title=Sportobjekt Motodrom |website=Stadt Leipzig |access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://foursquare.com/v/motodrom-am-cottaweg/59cf732aa2a6ce3947a1df44 |title=Motodrom Am Cottaweg |website=Four Square |access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref> The venue is used by the speedway club called Motorsport Club Post Leipzig e.V.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mcpostleipzig.de/ |title=MC Post auf der Motorrad Messe Leipzig |website=MC Post Leipzig |access-date=12 February 2024 |archive-date=16 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216210834/https://www.mcpostleipzig.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and held the [[German Individual Speedway Championship|East German Speedway Championship]] in 1978 and a qualifying round of the [[Speedway World Team Cup]] in 1991.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.internationalspeedway.co.uk/ |title=Speedway World Cup |website=International Speedway |access-date=12 February 2024 |archive-date=5 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205143344/http://www.internationalspeedway.co.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 

===Other sports===
[[File:Markkleeberger See Wildwasseranlage2.jpg|thumb|The artificial whitewater course [[Kanupark Markkleeberg]] at Markkleeberger See]]
From 1950 to 1990 Leipzig was host of the Deutsche Hochschule für Körperkultur (DHfK, German College of Physical Culture), the national sports college of the GDR.

Leipzig also hosted the [[Fencing]] World Cup in 2005 and hosts a number of international competitions in a variety of sports each year.

Leipzig made a bid to host the [[2012 Summer Olympics]]. The bid did not make the shortlist after the International Olympic Committee pared the bids down to 5.

[[Markkleeberger See]] is a new lake next to [[Markkleeberg]], a suburb on the south side of Leipzig. A former [[Coal mining|open-pit coal mine]], it was flooded in 1999 with groundwater and developed in 2006 as a tourist area. On its southeastern shore is Germany's only pump-powered [[artificial whitewater]] slalom course, Markkleeberg Canoe Park (Kanupark Markkleeberg), a venue which rivals the [[Eiskanal]] in [[Augsburg]] for training and international canoe/kayak competition.

Leipzig Rugby Club competes in the German Rugby Bundesliga but finished at the bottom of their group in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leipzig-rugby.de/ |title=Rugby Club Leipzig e.V. |work=leipzig-rugby.de |access-date=27 May 2013 |archive-date=10 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410193747/https://www.leipzig-rugby.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Leipzig hosted the [[2015 Men's Indoor Hockey World Cup|Indoor Hockey World Cup]] in 2015. All matches were played in [[Leipzig Arena]], with the Netherlands coming out victorious in both the men's and women's tournaments.

On [[May 1|1 May]] every year, the opening of the [[horse racing]] season is celebrated in Leipzig's [[Racecourse Scheibenholz]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Galop in Scheibenholz |url=https://www.leipzig.travel/en/event/aufgalopp-im-scheibenholz |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=leipzig.travel |language=en}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Leipzig - Universitätsstraße - Uni + Paulinum + Neues Augusteum - Schinkeltor 02 ies.jpg|thumb|Campus of Leipzig University]]
[[File:HGB-LichthofMontage.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Atrium of the [[Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig]]]]

===University===
[[Leipzig University]], founded 1409, is one of Europe's oldest universities. [[Karl Bücher]], a German economist, founded the ''Institut für Zeitungswissenschaften'' (Institute for Newspaper Science) at the University of Leipzig in 1916. It was the first institute of its kind to be established in Europe, and it marks the commencement of academic study of media communication in Germany.<ref>Tillack-Graf, Anne-Kathleen (2019). ''"Institute of Communication and Media Studies (University of Leipzig)"''. The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society. SAGE Publications.</ref> 

[[Gottfried Leibniz|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]], a philosopher and mathematician, was born in Leipzig in 1646, and attended the university from 1661 to 1666. Nobel Prize laureate [[Werner Heisenberg]] worked at the university as a physics professor (from 1927 to 1942), as did Nobel Prize laureates [[Gustav Ludwig Hertz]] (physics), [[Wilhelm Ostwald]] (chemistry) and [[Theodor Mommsen]] ([[Nobel Prize in Literature]]). The 2022 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine]] went to [[Svante Pääbo]], an honorary professor at the university. Other former university staff include mineralogist [[Georg Agricola]], writer [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]], philosopher [[Ernst Bloch]], founder of [[psychophysics]] [[Gustav Theodor Fechner]], and founder of modern psychology, [[Wilhelm Wundt]]. The university's notable former students include writers [[Johann Wolfgang Goethe]] and [[Erich Kästner]], philosopher [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], political activist [[Karl Liebknecht]], and composer [[Richard Wagner]]. [[Angela Merkel]], former German chancellor, studied physics at Leipzig University.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uni-leipzig.de/english/index.html |title=Leipzig University homepage |access-date=22 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912050259/http://www.uni-leipzig.de/english/index.html |archive-date=12 September 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The university has about 30,000 students.

A part of Leipzig University is the [[German Institute for Literature]] which was founded in 1955 under the name "Johannes R. Becher-Institut". Many noted writers have graduated from this school, including [[Heinz Czechowski]], Kurt Drawert, [[Adolf Endler]], [[Ralph Giordano (writer)|Ralph Giordano]], Kerstin Hensel, [[Sarah Kirsch (poet)|Sarah]] and Rainer Kirsch, Angela Krauß, [[Erich Loest]], and [[Fred Wander]]. After its closure in 1990 the institute was refounded in 1995 with new teachers.

===Visual arts and theatre===
The Academy of Visual Arts (''[[Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst]]'') was established in 1764. Its 600 students ({{As of|2018|lc=y}}) are enrolled in courses in painting and graphics, book design/graphic design, photography and media art. The school also houses an Institute for Theory.

The [[University of Music and Theatre Leipzig|University of Music and Theatre]] offers a broad range of subjects ranging from training in orchestral instruments, voice, interpretation, coaching, piano chamber music, orchestral conducting, choir conducting and musical composition to acting and scriptwriting.
[[File:Rat-des-Bezirkes-Leipzig.jpg|thumb|Main building of [[Leipzig University of Applied Sciences|Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK)]]]]

===University of Applied Science===
The [[Leipzig University of Applied Science]]s (HTWK)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.htwk-leipzig.de/en/ |title=? |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321154621/http://www.htwk-leipzig.de/en/ |archive-date=21 March 2015}}</ref> has approximately 6,200 students ({{As of|2007|lc=y}}) and is ({{As of|2007|lc=y}}) the second biggest institution of higher education in Leipzig. It was founded in 1992, merging several older schools. As a university of applied sciences (German: {{Lang|de|Fachhochschule}}) its status is slightly below that of a university, with more emphasis on the practical parts of education. The HTWK offers many engineering courses, as well as courses in computer science, mathematics, business administration, librarianship, museum studies, and social work. It is mainly located in the south of the city.

===Leipzig Graduate School===
The private [[HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management|Leipzig Graduate School of Management]], (in German ''Handelshochschule Leipzig (HHL)''), is the oldest business school in Germany. According to [[The Economist]], HHL is one of the best schools in the world, ranked at number six overall.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Bildung/Leipziger-HHL-Absolventen-erhalten-weltweit-zweithoechstes-Einstiegsgehalt |title=Management Master – Leipziger HHL-Absolventen erhalten weltweit zweithöchstes Einstiegsgehalt – LVZ – Leipziger Volkszeitung |last=LVZ-Online |website=www.lvz.de |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=22 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522101853/https://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Bildung/Leipziger-HHL-Absolventen-erhalten-weltweit-zweithoechstes-Einstiegsgehalt |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/whichmba/MiM/2017/S/HHL-Leipzig-Graduate-School-of-Management |title=Masters in Management 2017 |newspaper=The Economist |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225135745/http://www.economist.com/whichmba/MiM/2017/S/HHL-Leipzig-Graduate-School-of-Management |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Lancaster University Leipzig ===
Branch campus of [[Lancaster University]], it is the first public UK university with a campus in Germany. [[Lancaster University Leipzig]] was founded in 2020 and currently has a diverse international student body with more than 45 nationalities.

===Research institutes===
[[File:LE Max Blanck MIS MPI.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|The Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences]]
Leipzig is currently the home of twelve research institutes and the [[Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities]].
*[[Max Planck Society]]: [[Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences]], [[Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences]], and [[Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology]].
*[[Fraunhofer Society]] institutes: Fraunhofer IZI and Fraunhofer IMW.
*[[Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres]]: [[Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research]]
*{{ill|Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum|de|lt=Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum – DBFZ}}
*[[Leibniz Association]]: {{ill|Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung|de|lt=Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research}}, {{ill|Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung|de|lt=Leibniz-Institute IOM}}, [[Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe]], {{ill|Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde|de|lt=Leibniz-Institute IfL}}, {{ill|Leibniz-Institut für jüdische Geschichte und Kultur – Simon Dubnow|de|lt=Leibniz-Institute for Jewish history and Culture – Simon Dubnow}}.

===Others===
Leipzig is home to one of the world's oldest schools, ''[[Thomasschule zu Leipzig]]'' (St.&nbsp;Thomas' School, Leipzig), which gained fame for its long association with the [[Bach family]] of musicians and composers.

The Lutheran Theological Seminary is a seminary of the [[Evangelical Lutheran Free Church (Germany)|Evangelical Lutheran Free Church]] in Leipzig.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutherisches Theologisches Seminar |url=http://elfk.de.dd21408.kasserver.com/html/main/uber-uns/arbeitsbereiche/seminar/ |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211063650/http://elfk.de.dd21408.kasserver.com/html/main/uber-uns/arbeitsbereiche/seminar/ |archive-date=11 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lutherisches Theologisches Seminar Leipzig |url=http://www.elfk.de/html/seminar/ |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224052355/http://www.elfk.de/html/seminar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The seminary trains students to become pastors for the Evangelical Lutheran Free Church or for member church bodies of the [[Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Evangelical Lutheran Free Church – Germany |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031338 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207102042/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031338 |archive-date=7 February 2016 }}</ref>

==Economy==
The city is a location for automobile manufacturing by [[BMW]] and [[Porsche]] in large plants north of the city. In 2011 and 2012 [[DHL]] transferred the bulk of its European air operations from [[Brussels Airport]] to [[Leipzig/Halle Airport]]. [[Kirow Leipzig|Kirow Ardelt AG]], the world market leader in [[Crane (railroad)|breakdown cranes]], is based in Leipzig. The city also houses the [[European Energy Exchange]], the leading energy exchange in Central Europe. [[VNG – Verbundnetz Gas]] AG, one of Germany's large natural gas suppliers, is headquartered at Leipzig. In addition, inside its larger metropolitan area, Leipzig has developed an important petrochemical centre.

Some of the largest employers in the area (outside of manufacturing) include software companies such as [[Spreadshirt]] and the various schools and universities in and around the Leipzig/[[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]] region. The University of Leipzig attracts millions of [[euro]]s of investment yearly and celebrated its 600th birthday in 2009.

Leipzig also benefits from world-leading medical research (Leipzig Heart Centre) and a growing biotechnology industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wonego.de/articles/living-berlin-maybe-leipzig/ |title=Discover Leipzig |author=Stephan Gasteyger |work=Berlin Things to Do |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214080241/http://wonego.de/articles/living-berlin-maybe-leipzig/ |archive-date=14 December 2014}}</ref>

Many bars, restaurants and stores in the downtown area are patronized by German and foreign tourists. Leipzig Main Train Station is the location of a shopping mall.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.promenaden-hauptbahnhof-leipzig.de/en/seite/home.php |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080406003423/http://www.promenaden-hauptbahnhof-leipzig.de/en/seite/home.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 April 2008 |title=Promenaden Hauptbahnhof Leipzig}}</ref> Leipzig is one of Germany's most visited cities with over 3&nbsp;million overnight stays in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Lokales/Tourismusboom-in-Leipzig-erstmals-drei-Millionen-Uebernachtungen |work=Leipziger Volkszeitung |title=Tourismusboom in Leipzig – erstmals drei Millionen Übernachtungen |date=22 February 2018 |access-date=13 December 2018 |archive-date=11 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111055119/https://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Lokales/Tourismusboom-in-Leipzig-erstmals-drei-Millionen-Uebernachtungen |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2010, Leipzig was included in the top 10 cities to visit by ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref name="The New York Times-2010" /> and ranked 39th globally out of 289 cities for innovation in the 4th Innovation Cities Index published by Australian agency 2thinknow.<ref>{{cite web |author=Date: 1 September 2010 |url=http://www.innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-global-index-2010-city-rankings/1040 |title=Innovation Cities Global Index 2010 " Innovation Cities Program & Index: Creating Innovative Cities: USA, Canada, Europe, Latin America, Asia, Australia |publisher=Innovation-cities.com |date=1 September 2010 |access-date=26 March 2013 |archive-date=26 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726053025/http://www.innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-global-index-2010-city-rankings/1040 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015, Leipzig have among the 30 largest German cities the third best prospects for the future.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/lebensqualitaet-in-der-hauptstadt-berlin-erobert-platz-2-im-staedteranking,10809148,32229294.html |title=Lebensqualität in der Hauptstadt: Berlin erobert Platz 2 im Städteranking |author=Berliner Zeitung |work=Berliner Zeitung|date=4 February 2020 }}</ref> In recent years Leipzig has often been nicknamed the "Boomtown of eastern Germany" or "Hypezig".<ref name="Handelsblatt-2013" /> {{As of|2013}} it had the highest rate of population growth of any German city.<ref name="Wiemann-2014" />

Companies with operations in or around Leipzig include:
*[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]
*[[Blüthner]]: piano-manufacturing
*[[BMW Central Building|BMW]]
*[[DHL Express|DHL]]
*[[Porsche]]
*[[Siemens]]
*[[Future Electronics]]

<gallery>
File:Porsche Diamond.jpg|Porsche Diamond, the customer centre building of Porsche Leipzig
File:BMW Leipzig MEDIA Download Luftaufnahme 3 max.jpg|BMW production facility in Leipzig
File:Amazon.de Versandhaus Leipzig.jpg|Amazon in Leipzig
File:EAT LEJ Hangar.jpg|Leipzig is the hub of DHL.
File:Lzg. Löhrs Carré 1.jpg|Headquarters of the Sparkasse Leipzig bank
File:Sächsische Aufbaubank Leipzig April 2022.jpg|Leipzig is the seat of the [[Development Bank of Saxony]].
File:Markkleeberger See Bootsanlegestelle.jpg|[[Markkleeberger See]]
File:Höfe am Brühl 20120928-3.jpg|[[Höfe am Brühl]] shopping mall, situated on the former route of [[Via Regia]], an ancient trade road
</gallery>

== Socio-ecological infrastructure ==
Leipzig has a dense network of socio-ecological infrastructures. Worth mentioning in the food sector are the ''Fairteiler'' of [[Foodsharing.de|foodsharing]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=foodsharing |title=Lebensmittel teilen, statt wegwerfen – foodsharing Deutschland |url=https://foodsharing.de/ |access-date=27 September 2020 |website=foodsharing.de |language=de |archive-date=30 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630003215/https://foodsharing.de/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the numerous [[Community-supported agriculture]]s,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solawis :: Netzwerk Solidarische Landwirtschaft |url=https://www.solidarische-landwirtschaft.org/solawis-finden/auflistung/solawis |access-date=27 September 2020 |website=www.solidarische-landwirtschaft.org |archive-date=17 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617153411/https://www.solidarische-landwirtschaft.org/solawis-finden/auflistung/solawis |url-status=live }}</ref> in the textile sector the ''Umsonstladen'' in Plagwitz,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Was ist ein Umsonstladen? |url=http://umsonstladen-leipzig.jimdofree.com/ |access-date=27 September 2020 |website=umsonstladen-leipzigs jimdo page! |language=de-DE |archive-date=4 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504083447/https://umsonstladen-leipzig.jimdofree.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in the bicycle self-help workshops the ''Radsfatz'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radsfatz |url=http://www.radsfatz.org/ |access-date=27 September 2020 |website=www.radsfatz.org |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224200206/http://radsfatz.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in the computer sector the [[Hackerspace]] ''Die Dezentrale'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=dezentrale – Hackspace Leipzig |url=https://dezentrale.space/ |access-date=27 September 2020 |language=de-DE |archive-date=4 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504083450/https://dezentrale.space/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and in the repair sector the ''Café kaputt''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Café Kaputt Leipzig {{!}} Offene Reparatur Werkstatt |url=https://www.leipzig-leben.de/cafe-kaputt-leipzig/ |access-date=27 September 2020 |language=de-DE |archive-date=4 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504083645/https://www.leipzig-leben.de/cafe-kaputt-leipzig/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Media==
[[File:Leipzig Ri.-Le.-Str 6.jpg|thumb|MDR, one of Germany's public broadcasters]]
*[[Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk|MDR]], one of Germany's public broadcasters, has its headquarters and main television studios in the city. It provides programmes to various TV and radio networks and has its own symphony orchestra, choir and a ballet.
*''Leipziger Volkszeitung'' (''LVZ'') is the city's only daily newspaper. Founded in 1894, it has published under several different forms of government. The monthly magazine ''Kreuzer'' specializes in culture, festivities and the arts in Leipzig. Leipzig was also home to the world's first daily newspaper in modern times. The ''[[Einkommende Zeitungen]]'' were first published in 1650.
*Leipzig has one daily or semi-daily English-language publication, ''The Leipzig Glocal''. It is an online-based magazine and blog that caters to an international as well as local audience.<ref>{{cite web |title="ABOUT US." The Leipzig Glocal. |url=https://leipglo.com/about-us/ |website=leipglo.com |date=8 July 2015 |access-date=8 February 2017 |archive-date=5 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305155323/https://leipglo.com/about-us/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Besides publishing pages on jobs, doctors and movies available in English and other languages, the site's team of authors writes articles about lifestyle, arts & culture, politics, entertainment, Leipzig events, etc.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mephisto976.de/news/leipzig-ein-paradies-fuer-kreative-blogs-55338 |title=Leipzig: ein Paradies für kreative Blogs |publisher=Mephisto 97.6. |language=de |access-date=8 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503120952/https://mephisto976.de/news/leipzig-ein-paradies-fuer-kreative-blogs-55338 |archive-date=3 May 2016}}</ref>
*Once known for its large number of publishing houses, Leipzig had been called ''Buch-Stadt'' (book city),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leipzig.de/de/tourist/leipzig/wissenswertes/buchstadt/index.shtml |title=Homepage of the City of Leipzig/Buchstadt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523114136/http://www.leipzig.de/de/tourist/leipzig/wissenswertes/buchstadt/index.shtml |archive-date=23 May 2013}}</ref> the most notable of them being branches of Brockhaus and [[Insel Verlag]]. Few are left after the years of economic decline during the [[German Democratic Republic]], during which time Frankfurt developed as a much more important publishing centre. [[Reclam]], founded in 1828, was one of the large publishing houses to move away. Leipzig still has a book fair, but Frankfurt's is far bigger.
*The German Library (Deutsche Bücherei) in Leipzig is part of [[German National Library|Germany's National Library]]. Its task is to collect a copy of every book published in German.<ref>[[German National Library]]</ref>

==Quality of life==
[[File:Leipzig - Thomasgasse + Thomaswiese + Thomaskirche 01 ies.jpg|thumb|right|Leipzig has the most attractive inner city of all large German cities.{{According to whom|date=July 2023}}]]

In December 2013, according to a study by [[GfK]], Leipzig was ranked as the most livable city in Germany.<ref name="FOCUS Online-2013">{{cite web |url=http://www.focus.de/immobilien/wohnen/sicher-sauber-gruen-leipzig-lebenszufriedenheit-das-sind-die-beliebtesten-staedte-deutschlands_id_3474281.html |title=Deutschlands beliebteste Städte: Sicher, sauber, grün: Diese Stadt läuft sogar München den Rang ab |author=FOCUS Online |date=11 December 2013 |work=FOCUS Online |access-date=14 December 2013 |archive-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021000651/https://www.focus.de/immobilien/wohnen/sicher-sauber-gruen-leipzig-lebenszufriedenheit-das-sind-die-beliebtesten-staedte-deutschlands_id_3474281.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.n24.de/n24/Mediathek/videos/d/3964070/leipzig-im-ranking-ganz-vorne.html |title=Deutschlands beliebteste Städte: Leipzig im Ranking ganz vorne – N24.de |date=9 December 2013 |work=N24.de |access-date=14 December 2013 |archive-date=13 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213050443/http://www.n24.de/n24/Mediathek/videos/d/3964070/leipzig-im-ranking-ganz-vorne.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2015/2016, Leipzig was named by the consumer portal verbraucherzentrale.de as the second-best city for students in Germany (after [[Munich]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/beruf-chance/campus/beliebteste-deutsche-studentenstaedte-14362058.html |title=Beliebte Studentenstädte: Wo es sich am besten leben, lernen und feiern lässt |publisher=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|FAZ]] |language=de |first=Eva |last=Heidenfelder |newspaper=Faz.net |date=17 August 2016 |access-date=2 June 2020 |archive-date=10 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810122622/http://www.faz.net/aktuell/beruf-chance/campus/beliebteste-deutsche-studentenstaedte-14362058.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In a 2017 study from the Institut für Handelsforschung Köln, the Leipzig inner city ranked first among all large cities in Germany due to its urban aesthetics, gastronomy, and shopping opportunities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bild.de/regional/leipzig/lebensqualitaet/darum-ist-leipzigs-city-die-beste-50035292.bild.html |title=Platz 1 bei bundesweiter Innenstadtumfrage – 5 Gründe, warum Leipzigs City die beste ist |publisher=[[BILD]] |language=de |date=30 January 2017 |last=Trümper |first=Erik |access-date=24 March 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803033227/https://www.bild.de/regional/leipzig/lebensqualitaet/darum-ist-leipzigs-city-die-beste-50035292.bild.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mdr.de/meine-heimat/quedlinburg-leipzig-erfurt-umfrage-100.html |title=Bundesweite Städte-Umfrage: Leipzig, Erfurt und Quedlinburg am attraktivsten |publisher=[[Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk|MDR]] |language=de |date=31 January 2017 |access-date=31 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203033705/http://www.mdr.de/meine-heimat/quedlinburg-leipzig-erfurt-umfrage-100.html |archive-date=3 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

According to HWWI/Berenberg-Städteranking, since 2018 it also has the second-best future prospects of all cities in Germany, second to Munich in 2018 and [[Berlin]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Lokales/Staedteranking-Leipzig-landet-auf-Platz-zwei |title=Städteranking: Leipzig landet auf Platz zwei |website=LVZ – Leipziger Volkszeitung |access-date=15 September 2017 |archive-date=25 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025130615/https://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Lokales/Staedteranking-Leipzig-landet-auf-Platz-zwei |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.leipzig.de/news/news/leipzig-behauptet-2-platz-im-staedteranking-fuer-zukunftsfaehigkeit/ |title=Leipzig behauptet 2. Platz im Städteranking für Zukunftsfähigkeit |website=leipzig.de |language=de |date=8 November 2019 |access-date=24 March 2020 |archive-date=7 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507232612/https://www.leipzig.de/news/news/leipzig-behauptet-2-platz-im-staedteranking-fuer-zukunftsfaehigkeit/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

According to a 2017 Global Least & Most Stressful Cities Ranking by Zipjet, a London-based online laundry service, Leipzig was one of the least stressful cities in the World. It was ranked 25th out of 150 cities worldwide and above [[Dortmund]], [[Cologne]], Frankfurt, and Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zipjet.co.uk/2017-stressful-cities-ranking |title=2017 Stressful Cities Ranking {{!}} Zipjet |website=www.zipjet.co.uk |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803020244/https://www.zipjet.co.uk/2017-stressful-cities-ranking |archive-date=3 August 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Leipzig was named European City of the Year at the 2019 Urbanism Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.academyofurbanism.org.uk/leipzig-wins-european-city-of-the-year-at-2019-urbanism-awards/ |title=Leipzig wins European City of the Year at 2019 Urbanism Awards {{!}} The Academy of Urbanism |last=Admin |date=7 November 2018 |language=en-US |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116180753/https://www.academyofurbanism.org.uk/leipzig-wins-european-city-of-the-year-at-2019-urbanism-awards/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to the 2019 study by Forschungsinstitut Prognos, Leipzig is the most dynamic region in Germany. Within 15 years, the city climbed 230 places and occupied in 2019 rank 104 of all 401 German regions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lvz.de/Region/Mitteldeutschland/Zukunftsatlas-Leipzig-ist-dynamischste-Region-Deutschlands |title=Zukunftsatlas: Leipzig ist dynamischste Region Deutschlands |website=LVZ – Leipziger Volkszeitung |date=5 July 2019 |language=de |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705183234/https://www.lvz.de/Region/Mitteldeutschland/Zukunftsatlas-Leipzig-ist-dynamischste-Region-Deutschlands |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/zukunftsatlas-2019-das-sind-die-deutschen-regionen-mit-den-besten-zukunftsaussichten/24521120.html |title=Zukunftsatlas 2019: Das sind die deutschen Regionen mit den besten Zukunftsaussichten |website=www.handelsblatt.com |language=de |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705183309/https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/zukunftsatlas-2019-das-sind-die-deutschen-regionen-mit-den-besten-zukunftsaussichten/24521120.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Leipzig was listed as one of 52 places to go in 2020 by ''[[The New York Times]]'' and the highest-ranking German destination.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/travel/places-to-visit.html |title=52 Places to Go in 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=8 January 2020 |access-date=24 March 2020 |archive-date=1 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701000934/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/travel/places-to-visit.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Leipzig Hauptbahnhof]] has been ranked the best railway station in Germany and the third-best in Europe in a consumer organisation poll, surpassed only by [[St Pancras railway station]] and [[Zürich Hauptbahnhof]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/panorama/leipzig-deutschlands-bester-bahnhof-100.html |title=Hauptbahnhof Leipzig ist Deutschlands bester Bahnhof |publisher=[[Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk|MDR]] |language=de |date=20 February 2020 |last=Otterbach |first=Niklas |access-date=24 March 2020 |archive-date=28 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928221723/https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/panorama/leipzig-deutschlands-bester-bahnhof-100.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Transport==

Founded at the crossing of [[Via Regia]] and [[Via Imperii]], Leipzig has been a major interchange of inter-European traffic and commerce since medieval times. After the [[Reunification of Germany]], immense efforts to restore and expand the traffic network have been undertaken and left the city area with an excellent infrastructure.

===Railways===

[[File:Bahnhof Leipzig von Panorama Tower 2013.jpg|thumb|right|Leipzig Hauptbahnhof is the main hub of the tram and railway network and the world's largest railway station by floor area.]]
[[File:Leipziger Bahnhof (228148125).jpeg|thumb|right|Inside Leipzig Hauptbahnhof]]
Opened in 1915, [[Leipzig Hauptbahnhof]] (lit. ''main station'') is the largest overhead railway station in Europe in terms of its built-up area. At the same time, it is an important supra-regional junction in the [[Intercity-Express]] (ICE) and [[Intercity (Deutsche Bahn)|Intercity]] network of the {{lang|de|[[Deutsche Bahn]]|italic=no}} as well as a connection point for [[S-Bahn]] and regional traffic in the Halle/Leipzig area.

In Leipzig the Intercity Express routes (Hamburg–)Berlin–Leipzig–Nuremberg–Munich and Dresden–Leipzig–Erfurt–Frankfurt am Main–(Wiesbaden/Saarbrücken) intersect. Leipzig is also the starting point for the intercity lines Leipzig-Halle (Saale)–Magdeburg–Hannover–Dortmund–Köln and –Bremen–Oldenburg(–Norddeich Mole). Both lines complement each other at hourly intervals and also stop at Leipzig/Halle Airport. The only international connection is the daily EuroCity Leipzig-Prague.

Most major and medium-sized towns in Saxony and southern Saxony-Anhalt can be reached without changing trains. There are also direct connections via regional express lines to Falkenberg/Elster-Cottbus, Hoyerswerda and Dessau-Magdeburg as well as Chemnitz. Neighbouring Halle (Saale) can be reached via three S-Bahn lines, two of which run via Leipzig/Halle Airport. The surrounding area of Leipzig is served by numerous regional and S-Bahn lines.

The city's railway connections are currently being greatly improved by major construction projects, particularly within the framework of the German Unity transport projects. The line to Berlin has been extended and has been passable at {{Convert|200|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} since 2006. On 13 December 2015, the high-speed line from Leipzig to Erfurt, designed for {{Convert|300|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, was put into operation. Its continuation to Nuremberg followed in December 2017. This integration into the high-speed network considerably reduced the journey times of the ICE from Leipzig to Nuremberg, Munich and Frankfurt am Main. The Leipzig-Dresden railway line, which was the first German long-distance railway to go into operation in 1839, is also undergoing expansion for 200&nbsp;km/h. The most important construction project in regional transport was the four-kilometer-long [[City-Tunnel (Leipzig)|city tunnel]], which went into operation in December 2013 as the main line of the [[S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland]].

There are freight stations in the districts of Wahren and Engelsdorf. In addition, a freight traffic centre has been set up near the Schkeuditzer Kreuz junction for goods handling between road and rail, as well as a freight station on the site of the DHL hub at Leipzig/Halle Airport.

===Suburban trains===

{{see also|S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland}}
[[File:S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland. Talent 2,008,Station Leipzig Wilhelm-Leuschner-Platz.jpg|thumb|right|A new train of the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland at [[Leipzig Wilhelm-Leuschner-Platz station]], August 2016]]
Leipzig is the core of the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland line network. Together with the tram, six of the ten lines form the backbone of local public transport and an important link to the region and the neighbouring Halle. The main line of the S-Bahn consists of the underground S-Bahn stations Hauptbahnhof, Markt, Wilhelm-Leuschner-Platz and [[Bayerischer Bahnhof]] leading through the City Tunnel as well as the above-ground station Leipzig MDR. There are a total of 30 S-Bahn stations in the Leipzig city area. Endpoints of the S-Bahn lines include Wurzen, Zwickau, Dessau, and Lutherstadt Wittenberg. Two lines run to Halle, one of them via Leipzig/Halle Airport.

With the timetable change in December 2004, the networks of Leipzig and Halle were combined to form the Leipzig-Halle S-Bahn. However, this network only served as a transitional solution and was replaced by the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland on 15 December 2013. At the same time, the main line tunnel, marketed as the Leipzig City Tunnel, went into operation. The tunnel, which is almost four kilometres long, crosses the entire city centre from the main railway station to the Bavarian railway station. The S-Bahn stations are up to 22 metres underground. This construction was the first to create a continuous north–south axis, which had not existed until now due to the north-facing terminus station. The connection to the south of the city and the federal state will thus be greatly improved.

===Tramway and buses===

{{see also|Trams in Leipzig}}
[[File:J39 342 Listplatz, ET 1002.jpg|thumb|right|Tram at Friedrich-List-Platz]]
The [[Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe]], existing since 1 January 1917, operate a total of 15 tram lines and 47 bus lines in the city.

The total length of the tram network is {{cvt|146|km}}, making it the largest in Saxony ahead of [[Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe|Dresden]] ({{cvt|134.4|km}}) and the second largest in Germany after [[Trams in Berlin|Berlin]] ({{cvt|196|km}}).

The longest line in the Leipzig network is line 11, which connects Schkeuditz with Markkleeberg over 22 kilometres and is the only tram line in Leipzig to run in three tariff zones of the Central German Transport Association.

Night bus lines N1 to N9 and the night tram N17 operate in the night traffic. On Saturdays, Sundays and holidays the tram line N10 and the bus line N60 also operate. The central transfer point between the bus and tram lines as well as to the S-Bahn is Leipzig Central Station.

===Bicycle===

Like most German cities, Leipzig has a traffic layout designed to be [[bicycle-friendly]]. There is an extensive cycle network. In most of the one-way central streets, cyclists are explicitly allowed to cycle both ways. A few cycle paths have been built or declared since 1990. According to the data from the 2021/22 [[traffic count]], [[the Saxons' Bridge]] has the highest traffic occupancy with over 15,000 cyclists per day in cycling in Leipzig.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Am Willy-Brandt-Platz und auf der Sachsenbrücke ist am meisten los |journal=[[Leipziger Volkszeitung]] |last=Puppe |first=Matthias |language=de |issue=257 |volume=130 |pages=18 |date=2023-11-04 |url=https://www.lvz.de/lokales/leipzig/strassenverkehr-in-leipzig-in-diesen-strassen-gibt-es-die-meisten-pkw-lkw-und-fahrraeder-ABPZZKUEXBG3PFSURQFQR7PJ5U.html |access-date=6 November 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105153731/https://www.lvz.de/lokales/leipzig/strassenverkehr-in-leipzig-in-diesen-strassen-gibt-es-die-meisten-pkw-lkw-und-fahrraeder-ABPZZKUEXBG3PFSURQFQR7PJ5U.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Since 2004 there is a [[bicycle-sharing system]]. Bikes can be borrowed and returned via smartphone app or by telephone. Since 2018, the system has enabled flexible borrowing and returning of bicycles in the inner city; in this zone, bicycles can be handed in and borrowed from almost any street corner. Outside these zones, there are stations where the bikes are waiting. The current locations of the bikes can be seen via the app. There are cooperation offers with the Leipzig public transport companies and car sharing in order to offer as complete a mobility chain as possible.

===Road===

[[File:Karte Mitteldeutsche Schleife.png|thumb|Leipzig's road network]]

Several federal motorways pass by Leipzig: the [[Bundesautobahn 14|A 14]] in the north, the [[Bundesautobahn 9|A 9]] in the west, and the [[Bundesautobahn 38|A 38]] in the south. The three motorways form a triangular partial ring of the double ring Mitteldeutsche Schleife around Halle and Leipzig. To the south towards Chemnitz, the [[Bundesautobahn 72|A 72]] is also partly under construction.

The [[Bundesstraße|federal roads]] [[Bundesstraße 2|B 2]], [[Bundesstraße 6|B 6]], [[Bundesstraße 87|B 87]], [[Bundesstraße 181|B 181]], and [[Bundesstraße 184|B 184]] lead through the city area.

The ring road (Innenstadtring), which corresponds to the course of the old city fortification, surrounds the city centre of Leipzig, which today is largely traffic-calmed.

Leipzig has a dense network of [[carsharing]] stations. Additionally, since 2018 there is also a stationless car sharing system in Leipzig. Here the cars can be parked and booked anywhere in the inner city without having to define a specific car or period in advance. Finding and booking is done via a smartphone app.

Leipzig is one of the few cities in Germany with [[vehicle for hire]] services that can be booked via a [[mobile app]]. In contrast to taxicab services, the start and destination must be defined beforehand and other passengers can be taken along at the same time if they share a route.

===Long-distance buses===
In March 2018, the [[Leipzig Long-Distance Bus Terminal]] opened a few steps outside of the Hauptbahnhof building on its east side.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.leipzig.de/newsarchiv/news/leipzigs%20neues%20fernbus-terminal%20am%20hauptbahnhof%20ist%20er%C3%B6ffnet |title=Leipzigs neues Fernbus-Terminal am Hauptbahnhof ist eröffnet |trans-title=Leipzig's new long-distance bus terminal at the main train station has opened.|access-date=2025-03-20 |website=leipzig.de |editor=City of Leipzig |date=22 March 2018 |language=de}}</ref>

In addition to a large number of national lines, several international lines also serve Leipzig. The cities of Bregenz, Budapest, Milan, Prague, Sofia and Zurich, among others, can be reached without having to change trains. Around 30,000 journeys and 1.5&nbsp;million passengers a year are expected at the new bus station.

Some lines also use Leipzig/Halle Airport, located at the A 9/A 14 motorway junction, and [[Leipziger Messe]] for a stop. Passengers can take the S-Bahn from there to the city centre.

===Air===
[[File:Leipzig-Halle Airport Check-in.jpg|thumb|Leipzig/Halle Airport, hub of DHL]]

[[Leipzig/Halle Airport]] is the international commercial airport of the region. It is located at the Schkeuditzer Kreuz junction northwest of Leipzig, halfway between the two major cities. The easternmost section of the new Erfurt-Leipzig/Halle line under construction gave the airport a long-distance railway station, which was also integrated into the ICE network when the railway line was completed in 2015.

Passenger flights are operated to and from the major German hub airports, European metropolises and holiday destinations, especially to the Mediterranean region and North Africa. The airport is of international importance in the cargo sector. In Germany, it ranks second behind Frankfurt am Main, fifth in Europe and 26th worldwide (as of 2011). [[DHL]] uses the airport as its central European hub. It is also the home base of the freight airlines [[Aerologic]] and [[European Air Transport Leipzig]].

The former military airport near [[Altenburg]], Thuringia, called [[Leipzig–Altenburg Airport|Leipzig-Altenburg Airport]], about a half-hour drive from Leipzig, was served by [[Ryanair]] until 2010.

===Water===

[[File:Leipzig - Elsterflutbett + Palmengartenwehr 01 ies.jpg|thumb|Boats at the [[White Elster|Elsterflutbett]]]]
In the first half of the 20th century, the construction of the [[Elster-Saale canal]], [[White Elster]], and [[Saale]] was started in Leipzig in order to connect to the network of waterways. The outbreak of the Second World War stopped most of the work, though some may have continued through the use of [[forced labor]]. The [[Lindenauer port]] was almost completed but not yet connected to the Elster-Saale and [[Karl Heine Canal]] respectively. The Leipzig rivers (White Elster, [[Neue Luppe|New Luppe]], [[Pleiße]], and [[Parthe]]) in the city have largely artificial river beds and are supplemented by some channels. These waterways are suitable only for small leisure boat traffic.

Through the renovation and reconstruction of existing [[mill race]]s and watercourses in the south of the city and flooded disused [[open cast mines]], the city's navigable water network is being expanded. A link between Karl Heine Canal and the disused Lindenauer port was opened in 2015. Still more work was scheduled to complete the Elster-Saale canal. Such a move would allow small boats to reach the [[Elbe]] from Leipzig. The intended completion date has been postponed because of an unacceptable cost-benefit ratio.

<gallery>
File:Leipzig NGT12-LEI Waldplatz defekt.jpg|Tram of [[Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe]]
File:Leipzig Georg-Schumann-Strasse.jpg|Tramsystem at the Georg-Schumann-Straße
File:S-Bahnhof Leipzig Markt.jpg|[[Leipzig City Tunnel]], part of Leipzig's new [[S-Bahn]] network
File:S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland. Talent 2,027, Innenansicht Sitze.jpg|Inside the S-Bahn train
</gallery>

==Quotations==
''Mein Leipzig lob' ich mir! Es ist ein klein Paris und bildet seine Leute.'' ("I praise my Leipzig! It is a small Paris and educates its people.") – Frosch, a university student in Goethe's ''[[Goethe's Faust|Faust, Part One]]''

''Ich komme nach Leipzig, an den Ort, wo man die ganze Welt im Kleinen sehen kann.'' ("I'm coming to Leipzig, to the place where one can see the whole world in miniature.") – [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]]

''Extra Lipsiam vivere est miserrime vivere.'' ("To live outside Leipzig is to live miserably.") – [[Carpzov|Benedikt Carpzov the Younger]]

''Das angenehme Pleis-Athen, Behält den Ruhm vor allen, Auch allen zu gefallen, Denn es ist wunderschön.'' ("The pleasurable Pleiss-Athens, earns its fame above all, appealing to every one, too, for it is mightily beauteous.") – [[Johann Sigismund Scholze]]

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
[[File:Plaque at 2-37 Leipzig Street, Kiev, Ukraine.jpg|thumb|Plaque on Leipzig Street in Kyiv, one of Leipzig's twin towns]]
Leipzig is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Leipzigs Partnerstädte |url=https://www.leipzig.de/buergerservice-und-verwaltung/partnerstaedte/ |website=leipzig.de |publisher=Leipzig |language=de |access-date=18 February 2021 |archive-date=7 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507224849/https://www.leipzig.de/buergerservice-und-verwaltung/partnerstaedte/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* {{flagicon|ETH}} [[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia (2004)
* {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Birmingham]], United Kingdom (1992)
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bologna]], Italy (1962, renewed in 1997)
* {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Brno]], Czech Republic (1973, renewed in 1999)
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Frankfurt]], Germany (1990)
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Hanover]], Germany (1987)
* {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Herzliya]], Israel (2010)
* {{flagicon|VIE}} [[Ho Chi Minh City]], Vietnam (2021)
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Houston]], United States (1993)
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Kraków]], Poland (1973, renewed in 1995)
* {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Kyiv]], Ukraine (1961, renewed in 1992)
* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lyon]], France (1981)
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Nanjing]], China (1988)
* {{flagicon|GRE}} [[Thessaloniki]], Greece (1984)
* {{flagicon|BIH}} [[Travnik]], Bosnia and Herzegovina (2003)
{{div col end}}

==Notable people==
[[File:Nikolaus Krell 001.jpg|thumb|140px|Nikolaus Krell]]
[[File:Christoph Bernhard Francke - Bildnis des Philosophen Leibniz (ca. 1695).jpg|thumb|140px|upright|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1695]]
[[File:KLiebknecht.jpg|thumb|140px|upright|Karl Liebknecht, 1911]]

=== Politicians ===
*[[Nikolaus Krell]] (1551–1601), chancellor of the [[Electorate of Saxony|elector of Saxony]]<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Crell, Nicholas |volume= 7 | pages = 402–403 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Friedrich Karl Biedermann]] (1812–1901), professor, politician and publisher<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Biedermann, Friedrich Karl |volume= 3 | page = 920 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Louise Otto-Peters]] (1819–1895), suffragette, founded the German Women's Association
*[[August Bebel]] (1840–1913), socialist politician, co-founder of Germany's SPD<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bebel, Ferdinand August |volume= 3 |last= Headlam |first= James Wycliffe |author-link= James Wycliffe Headlam | page = 601 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Karl Liebknecht]] (1871–1919), socialist, co-founded the Communist Party of Germany
*[[Carl Friedrich Goerdeler]] (1884–1945), mayor, a lead conservative resistance against Hitler
*[[Paul Frölich]] (1884–1953), politician, KPD co-founder, biographer of [[Rosa Luxemburg]]
*[[Walter Ulbricht]] (1893–1973), Communist politician, GDR Chairman of the Council of State, 1960–1973
*[[Ruth Fischer]] (1895–1961), Communist politician and journalist, co-founder of the CPA
*[[Annemarie Renger]] (1919–2008), politician, President of the Bundestag, 1972 to 1976
*[[Käte Selbmann]] (1906–1962), teacher and Communist politician<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Herbst |first=Andreas |author-link=Andreas Herbst |url=https://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/de/recherche/kataloge-datenbanken/biographische-datenbanken/kaete-selbmann |title=Who Was Who in the GDR? |date=2009 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |publication-place=Berlin |language=de |chapter=Selbmann, Käte |access-date=2024-04-12 |via=[[Bundesstiftung Aufarbeitung]] |archive-date=6 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406205325/https://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/de/recherche/kataloge-datenbanken/biographische-datenbanken/kaete-selbmann |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Matthias Moosdorf]] (born 1965), politician and cellist

===Philosophers and theologians===
*[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]] (1646–1716), philosopher, scientist, mathematician and diplomat<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm |volume= 16 |last= Sorley |first= William Ritchie Sorley |author-link= William Ritchie Sorley | pages = 385–390 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Johann Friedrich Mayer (theologian)|Johann Friedrich Mayer]] (1650–1712), Lutheran theologian
*[[Christian Thomasius]] (1655–1728), jurist and philosopher<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Thomasius, Christian |volume= 26 | page = 868 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Wilhelm Abraham Teller]] (1734–1804), Protestant theologian with a rational approach<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Teller, Wilhelm Abraham |volume= 26 | page = 576 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Franz Delitzsch]] (1813–1890), Lutheran theologian and [[Hebraist]]<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Delitzsch, Franz |volume= 7 | page = 964 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Christian Daniel Beck]] (1757–1832), philologist, historian, theologian and antiquarian<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Beck, Christian Daniel |volume= 3 | pages = 607–608 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Georg Benedikt Winer]] (1789–1858), Protestant theologian, known for linguistic studies of the New Testament<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Winer, Georg Benedikt |volume= 28 | page = 729 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Christian Hermann Weisse]] (1801–1866), Protestant theologian and philosopher<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Weisse, Christian Hermann |volume= 28 | page = 499 |short= 1}}</ref>

=== Writing and arts ===
[[File:Johann Sebastian Bach.jpg|thumb|140px|Johann Sebastian Bach]]
[[File:Andreas Staub - Clara Schumann (Pastell 1838).png|140px|thumb|upright|Clara Schumann, 1838]]
[[File:Riccardo Chailly (1986).jpg|thumb|140px|Riccardo Chailly, 1986]]
*[[Johann Albert Fabricius]] (1668–1736), classical scholar and bibliographer<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Fabricius, Johann Albert |volume= 10 | page = 119 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Johann Sebastian Bach]] (1685–1750), composer<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bach, Johann Sebastian |volume= 3 |last= Tovey |first= Donald Francis |author-link= Donald Francis Tovey | pages = 124–130 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Johann Gottfried Donati]] (1706–1782), composer
*[[Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach]] (1714–1788), Classical period musician and composer<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bach, Karl Philipp Emanuel |volume= 3 |last= Hadow |first= William Henry |author-link= William Henry Hadow | pages = 130–131 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Johann Christian Bach]] (1735–1782), composer, youngest son of Johann Sebastian Bach 
*[[Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus]] (1772–1823), publisher. He originated the Brockhaus encyclopedia.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Brockhaus, Friedrich Arnold |volume= 4 | page = 624 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Johann Gottfried Jakob Hermann]] (1772–1848), classical scholar and philologist<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Hermann, Johann Gottfried Jakob |volume= 13 | page = 367 |short= 1}}</ref> 
*[[Karl Wilhelm Dindorf]] (1802–1883), classical scholar<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Dindorf, Karl Wilhelm |volume= 8 | page = 275 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Felix Mendelssohn]] (1809–1847), composer, pianist, organist and conductor<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Jakob Ludwig Felix |volume= 18 |last1= Rockstro |first1=  William Smyth |author1-link=William Smyth Rockstro|last2= Tovey |first2= Donald Francis |author2-link= Donald Francis Tovey  | page = 123 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Robert Schumann]] (1810–1856), composer and music critic<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Schumann, Robert Alexander |volume= 24 | pages = 383–385 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Thekla Friedländer]] (born 1849), soprano and social reformer<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ganzl |first=Kurt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gmZQDwAAQBAJ |title=Victorian Vocalists |date=2017-09-29 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-59366-3 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Roderich Benedix]] (1811–1873), dramatist and librettist<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Benedix, Julius Roderich |volume= 3 | page = 725 |short= 1}}</ref> 
*[[Theodor Bergk]] (1812–1881), philologist, an authority on classical Greek poetry<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bergk, Theodor |volume= 3 | pages = 773–774 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Richard Wagner]] (1813–1883), composer, theatre director and conductor<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Wagner, Wilhelm Richard |volume= 28 |last1= Rockstro |first1=  William Smyth |author1-link=William Smyth Rockstro|last2= Tovey |first2= Donald Francis |author2-link= Donald Francis Tovey  | pages = 236–243 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Clara Schumann]] (1819–1896), pianist and composer<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Schumann, Robert Alexander |volume= 24 | pages = 383–385; see page 385 |quote= ...Clara Schumann (1819–1896).....had a brilliant career as a pianist... |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Carl Johann Lasch]] (1822–1888), painter
*[[Carl Reinecke]] (1824–1910), composer, conductor and pianist<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Reinecke, Carl Heinrich Carsten |volume= 23 | page = 55 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Emma Kirchner]] (1830–1909) early German woman photographer who lived and worked in the [[Netherlands]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Depth of Field {{!}} Scherptediepte |url=https://depthoffield.universiteitleiden.nl/2035f06nl/ |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=depthoffield.universiteitleiden.nl |archive-date=10 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210101503/https://depthoffield.universiteitleiden.nl/2035f06nl/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Arthur Prüfer]] (1860–1944), musicologist
*[[Max Beckmann]] (1884–1950), expressionist painter, professor at art academies and schools
*[[Wilhelm Backhaus]] (1884–1969), pianist
*[[Karl Alfred Pabst]] (1884–1971), painter, graphic artist and lithographer
*[[Hanns Eisler]] (1898–1962), composer of the national anthem of [[East Germany|the GDR]]
*[[Bruno Apitz]] (1900–1979), writer
*[[Wolfgang Weber (journalist)|Wolfgang Weber]] (1902–1985), photojournalist
*[[Hans Mayer]] (1907–2001), literary scholar
*[[Kurt Masur]] (1927–2015), conductor of the [[Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]]
*[[Herbert Blomstedt]] (born 1927), conductor of the [[Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]]
*[[Werner Tübke]] (1929–2004), painter
*[[Hans-Joachim Schulze]] (born 1934), Bach scholar
*[[Riccardo Chailly]] (born 1953), conductor of the [[Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra]]
*[[Neo Rauch]] (born 1960), painter
*[[Till Lindemann]] (born 1963), vocalist, lead singer of [[Rammstein]]
*[[Simone Thomalla]] (born 1965), actress
*[[Matthias Weischer]] (born 1973), painter
*[[Oskar Lenz]] (1848–1925), explorer and travel writer
*[[Hans Meyer (geologist)|Hans Meyer]] (1858–1929), geographer, Africanist and mountaineer
*[[Martin Broszat]] (1926–1989), historian, head of [[Institut für Zeitgeschichte]] in Munich
*[[Ruth Pfau]] (1929–2017), nun, physician and writer
*[[Christian Gottfried Körner]] (1756–1831), jurist and writer
*[[Sebastian Krumbiegel]] (1966–), singer and musician
*[[Tobias Künzel]] (1964–), singer and musician
*[[Bill Kaulitz]] (1989-), singer, songwriter, and musician
*[[Tom Kaulitz]] (1989-), guitarist and musician

=== Science and business ===
[[File:Carl Gustav Carus Gemälde von Johann Carl Rössler.jpg|thumb|140px|Carl Gustav Carus, 1800]]
*[[Michael Ettmüller]] (1644–1683), physician<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Ettmüller, Michael |volume= 9 | page = 863 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Augustus Quirinus Rivinus]] (1652–1723), physician and botanist
*[[Friedrich Boerner]] (1723–1761), physician
*[[Carl Gustav Carus]] (1789–1869), doctor, painter and natural philosopher<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Carus, Karl Gustav |volume= 5 | page = 436 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Wilhelm Hofmeister]] (1824–1877), biologist and botanist<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Hofmeister, Wilhelm Friedrich Benedict |volume= 13|last= Bower |first= Frederick Orpen |author-link= Frederick Orpen Bower | pages = 564–565 |short= 1}}</ref> 
*[[Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy]] (1841–1880), chemist
*[[Karl Wittgenstein]] (1847–1913), entrepreneur
*[[Kurt Herrmann]] (1888–1959), architect, publisher and entrepreneur
*[[Sibylle Kemmler-Sack]] (1934–1999), chemist

=== War figures ===
*[[Elfriede Rinkel]] (1922–2018), warden of a concentration camp during the Nazi dictatorship
*[[Karl Eberhard Schöngarth]] (1903–1946), SS officer and war criminal, executed in Hamelin
*[[Wilhelm Souchon]] (1864–1946), admiral in World War I

=== Sport ===
*[[Karl Rudolf Heydel]] (1911–1936), racing driver
*[[Marvin Kirchhöfer]] (born 1994), racing driver
*[[René Müller]] (born 1959), footballer
*[[Kristin Otto]] (born 1966), swimmer, six-time Olympic gold medalist, and sports journalist
*[[Tony Schmidt]] (born 1980), racing driver
*[[Rita Wilden]] (born 1947), sprinter
*[[Arthur ''Saxon'' Hennig]] (born 1871), strongman, circus performer, world's strongest man

==See also==
{{Portal|Germany|Europe|Geography}}
*[[Battle of Breitenfeld (1642)]]
*[[Hugo Schneider AG]]
*[[Leipzig Human Rights Award]]
*[[Leipzig Jewish community]]
*[[Leipzig University Library]]
*[[List of mayors of Leipzig]]
*[[Ubiquity Theatre Company]] – English speaking theatre projects in Leipzig

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{See also|Timeline of Leipzig#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Leipzig}}
*[https://www.berlinica.com/1000-years-of-leipzig.html ''Leipzig: One Thousand Years of German History. Bach, Luther, Faust: The City of Books and Music''] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803022452/http://www.berlinica.com/1000-years-of-leipzig.html |date=3 August 2020 }}. By Sebastian Ringel. Berlinica, 2015

==External links==
{{Commons|Leipzig}}
{{Wikisource|Special:Search/Leipzig|Leipzig}}
{{EB1911 Poster|Leipzig}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
*[https://english.leipzig.de/ The city's official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608223747/http://english.leipzig.de/ |date=8 June 2021 }}
*[https://www.virtualcityleipzig.de/en/start Leipzig as virtual city 408 Points of Interest – English] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708041839/https://www.virtualcityleipzig.de/en/start |date=8 July 2012 }}
*[https://leipglo.com/ The Leipzig Glocal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112050653/https://leipglo.com/ |date=12 January 2020 }}, English language webzine and blog publishing regularly
*[https://ubi-leipzig.de/ Ubiquity Theatre Company] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302100656/https://www.ubi-leipzig.de/ |date=2 March 2021 }} – English language theatre projects in Leipzig
*''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090926131555/http://leipzig-zeitgeist.de/ Leipzig Zeitgeist]'', an English magazine about Leipzig
*[https://www.thisisleipzig.com/ This is Leipzig] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201114739/https://www.thisisleipzig.com/ |date=1 February 2023 }}, an English web site for Leipzig
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150216035939/https://festly.com/events-in-leipzig Events in Leipzig]—Music festivals in Leipzig
*{{Cite AmCyc |wstitle=Leipsic |short=x}}
* {{cite EB9 |wstitle = Leipsic |volume= XIV |last= Muirhead |first= James Fullarton  |author-link= James Fullarton Muirhead | pages=429–431 |short=1}}

{{Geographic location
|Center =Leipzig
|North =[[Delitzsch]], [[Dessau]]
|Northeast=[[Berlin]]
|East =[[Dresden]]
|Southeast=[[Chemnitz]]
|South =[[Gera]], [[Zwickau]]
|Southwest=[[Jena]], [[Weimar]], [[Erfurt]]
|West =[[Kassel]]
|Northwest=[[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]]
}}
{{Germany districts Saxony}}
{{Cities in Germany}}
{{Bezirke DDR Seats}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Leipzig| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Saxony]]
[[Category:Urban districts of Saxony]]