Editing Leon Redbone

{{Short description|Musician, songwriter, arranger, producer (1949–2019)}}
{{About|the musician|other uses|Redbone (disambiguation){{!}}Redbone}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians -->
| name         = Leon Redbone
| image        = Leon_Redbone_at_Knuckleheads_Saloon-Kansas_City_MO.png
| caption      = Redbone in 2010
| birth_name   = Dickran Gobalian
| birth_date   = {{birth date|1949|8|26}}<ref name=nytobit>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/30/obituaries/leon-redbone-dead.html|title=Leon Redbone, Idiosyncratic Throwback Singer, Is Dead at 69|first=Neil|last=Genzlinger|date=May 30, 2019|access-date=May 9, 2021|website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
| birth_place  = [[Nicosia]], [[British Cyprus]]
| death_date   = {{death date and age|2019|5|30|1949|8|26}}
| death_place  = [[New Hope, Pennsylvania]], U.S.
| genre        = {{hlist|[[Vaudeville]]|[[ragtime]]|[[jazz]]|[[blues]]}}
| occupation   = Musician, singer, songwriter
| instrument   = Guitar, vocals
| years_active = Late 1960s–2015
| label        = {{hlist|August|[[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]|[[Atco Records|Atco]]|[[Sugar Hill Records (bluegrass label)|Sugar Hill]]|[[Blue Thumb Records|Blue Thumb]]|[[Rounder Records|Rounder]]|[[A&M Records|A&M]]|[[Private Music]]|[[Third Man Records|Third Man]]|[[Rhino Entertainment|Rhino]]|Green Stone}}
| website      = {{URL|http://leonredbone.com}}
}}
[[File:Leon Redbone in Toronto.jpg|thumb|280px|Redbone at [[Massey Hall]], [[Toronto]], Canada in 2007]]

'''Leon Redbone''' (born '''Dickran Gobalian''';<ref name=pugh>{{cite journal |last1=Pugh |first1=Megan |title=Vessel of Antiquity |journal=Oxford American |date=March 19, 2019 |issue=104 |url=https://www.oxfordamerican.org/magazine/item/1703-vessel-of-antiquity |access-date=6 June 2019 |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gehman |first1=Geoff |title=Flying By, Flying High |url=http://icondv.com/ICON/Geoff-Leon_Redbone_11-2014.html |website=ICON |date=November 2014}}</ref> August 26, 1949 – May 30, 2019) was a singer-songwriter and musician specializing in [[jazz]], [[blues]], and [[Tin Pan Alley]] classics. Recognized by his hat (often a [[Panama hat|Panama]]), dark sunglasses, and black tie, he was born in [[Cyprus]] of [[Armenians|Armenian]] ancestry and first appeared on stage in [[Toronto, Canada]], in the early 1970s. He also appeared on film and television in acting and voice-over roles.

In concert, Redbone often employed comedy and demonstrated his guitar-playing skill. His recurrent gags involved the influence of alcohol and claims he had written works originating well before he was born. He favored music of the [[Tin Pan Alley]] era, circa 1890–1910. He sang the theme to the 1980s television series ''[[Mr. Belvedere]]'', and released 18 albums.

==Early life==
Redbone was elusive about his origins, and never explained the origin of his stage name.<ref name=pugh/>  According to a ''[[Toronto Star]]'' report in the 1980s, he came to Canada in the mid-1960s, and changed his name via the [[Name change#Canada|Ontario Change of Name Act]].<ref name=Quill>Quill, Greg. [https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/224606 "Redbone careful to preserve the mystery."] ''[[Toronto Star]]'' (The Star.com) June 13, 2007.</ref>  Biographical research published in 2019 corroborated his birth name, and confirmed that his family was of [[Armenians|Armenian]] origin.<ref name=pugh/> His parents lived in [[Jerusalem]],<ref name=nytobit/> but fled in 1948 for [[Nicosia]], Cyprus, where Redbone was born.  By 1961, the family had moved to London, England, and by 1965 to Toronto.<ref name=pugh/>

==Career==
While living in Canada in the late 1960s,<ref name=pugh/> Redbone began performing in public at Toronto area nightclubs and folk music festivals. He met [[Bob Dylan]] at the [[Mariposa Folk Festival]] in 1972. Dylan was so impressed by Redbone's performance that he mentioned it in a ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' interview,<ref name=DylanRS>{{cite magazine|last1=Fong-Torres|first1=Ben|author-link=Ben Fong-Torres|title=Knockin' on Bob Dylan's Door|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/knockin-on-dylans-door-19740214|date=14 February 1974|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=May 20, 2015|quote='Leon interests me,' he said. 'I've heard he's anywhere from 25 to 60, I've been this close'—Dylan held his hands out, a foot and a half apart—'and I can't tell, But you gotta see him. He does old Jimmie Rodgers, then turns around and does a Robert Johnson.' Redbone has surfaced at various folk festivals in the past years and is every bit the mystery that Dylan indicates.}}</ref> leading that magazine to do a feature article on Redbone a year before he had a recording contract.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Leon Redbone Biography|url=http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=10600|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120727233432/http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=10600|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 27, 2012|magazine=All About Jazz|access-date=August 26, 2011}}</ref> The article described his performances as "so authentic you can hear the [[surface noise]] [of an old [[78 rpm]]]."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2007/06/13/redbone_careful_to_preserve_the_mystery.html|title=Redbone careful to preserve the mystery|last=Quill|first=Greg|date=13 June 2007|website=thestar.com|language=en-ca|access-date=2019-05-31}}</ref> Dylan said that if he had ever started a label, he would have signed Redbone.<ref name=inquirer/> Redbone's first album, ''On the Track'', was released by [[Warner Bros. Records]] in 1975.<ref name=":0" />

He was introduced to a larger public as a semi-regular musical guest on [[NBC]]'s ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', appearing twice in the first season.<ref name="Grow">{{cite magazine|last1=Grow|first1=Kory|title=Leon Redbone Retires, Plans Comp on Jack White's Label|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/leon-redbone-announces-retirement-new-third-man-compilation-20150519|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=October 2, 2016|date=May 19, 2015}}</ref><ref name=DaytonDailyNews>{{cite news|last=McGinn|first=Andrew|title=Leon Redbone Has Been Performing Timeless Tunes For Decades, But He's Still Got An Air Of Mystery—And That's The Way He Likes It.|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-20890195.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610181554/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-20890195.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 10, 2014|access-date=September 15, 2012|newspaper=Dayton Daily News |date=October 16, 2009|quote=It's now impossible to envision Redbone back on 'SNL.'  His last appearance on the show was in 1983.}}</ref>  During the 1980s and '90s he was a frequent guest on ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson]]''. He was also a guest on ''[[A Prairie Home Companion]]''.<ref name=Highbeam_Telegraph-Herald>{{cite news|title=Leon Redbone to perform at Clarke; Guitarist will perform a mix of folk, jazz and ragtime music|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-11121750.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610181558/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-11121750.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 10, 2014|access-date=September 15, 2012|newspaper=Telegraph – Herald (Dubuque)|date=March 4, 2004|quote=Throughout his career, Redbone has produced 11 albums and has been featured on Garrison Keillor's "Prairie Home Companion."}}</ref>

A self-taught musician, he [[playing by ear|played by ear]], sometimes changing the chords of established tunes, never rehearsing with a band, and not following [[set list]]s.<ref name=pugh/>  In an interview in the Winter 2017 edition (No. 177) of ''BING'' magazine, the publication of the International Club Crosby, clarinetist [[Dan Levinson]] recounted working with Redbone:

<blockquote>I toured with Redbone for 12 years.  We used to listen to early Crosby while we were on the road.   [Redbone's] taste in music was more eclectic than that of anyone I've ever known – it included [[Emmett Miller]], [[Blind Blake]], [[Paganini]], [[Enrico Caruso|Caruso]], [[Gene Austin]], [[John McCormack (tenor)|John McCormack]], [[Moran and Mack]], [[Cliff Edwards]], [[Jelly Roll Morton]], [[Ted Lewis (musician)|Ted Lewis]], [[Domenico Mustafà|Mustafa the Castrato]], the Hungarian singer Imre Laszlo, [[Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)|Jimmie Rodgers]] ('the Singing Brakeman'), [[Mongolian throat singers]], [[W. C. Fields]], [[Laurel and Hardy]] ... and early [[Bing Crosby]].</blockquote>

Redbone was described as "both a musical artist and a performance artist whose very identity was part of his creative output."<ref name=pugh/>  He usually dressed in attire reminiscent of the [[Vaudeville]] era, performing in a [[Panama hat]] with a black band and dark sunglasses, often while sitting at attention on a stool, with a white coat and trousers and a black string tie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.montgomerynews.com/entertainment/leon-redbone-brings-eclectic-irreverent-music-to-colonial-theatre/article_d2ba5b8b-1d15-5f71-b7ee-a5d630f3cfcd.html|title=Leon Redbone brings eclectic, irreverent music to Colonial Theatre|last=Rubin|first=Felice|date=13 November 2009|website=Montgomery News|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531074526/http://www.montgomerynews.com/entertainment/leon-redbone-brings-eclectic-irreverent-music-to-colonial-theatre/article_d2ba5b8b-1d15-5f71-b7ee-a5d630f3cfcd.html|archive-date=31 May 2019|url-status=live|access-date=2019-05-31}}</ref>   With his reluctance to discuss his past came speculation that "Leon Redbone" was an alternative identity for another performer.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bruley|first=Abigail|title=NIght Train + Arts & Ale + Leon Redbone|url=http://www.thefeast.com/philadelphia/FEAST-PLAY-PHI-NIght-Train--Arts--Ale--Leon-Redbone-122652399.html|publisher=The Feast|access-date=September 2, 2011|date=May 26, 2011|quote=Leon Redbone, the crooner once thought to be the alter ego of Andy Kaufman or Frank Zappa}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>  Two common suggestions in years past were [[Andy Kaufman]] and [[Frank Zappa]],<ref>{{cite web |title= Leon Redbone On Tour|url=http://www.last.fm/music/Leon+Redbone|publisher=Last.fm|access-date=August 28, 2011}}</ref> both of whom Redbone outlived. Though sometimes compared to Zappa and [[Tom Waits]] for "the strength and strangeness of his persona", he almost exclusively played music from decades before the [[rock music|rock]] era, occasionally writing his own new material in a similar blues-influenced Tin Pan Alley style. (As well, Redbone's only Billboard chart hit, "Seduced", was a newly written tune by Gary Tigerman arranged in Redbone's decades-old style.)  Redbone disdained "blatant sound for people to dance to",<ref name=pugh/> and in a 1991 interview, he said: "The only thing that interests me is history, reviewing the past and making something out of it."<ref name=pugh/>

Redbone survived a small plane crash in [[Clarksburg, West Virginia]], on February 12, 1979.<ref name=Quill /> He thereafter traveled to engagements exclusively by car, saying, "I carry around many unusual items and devices. They make life difficult for airport security personnel and flying impossible for me."<ref name=Quill />

On May 19, 2015 on his website, his publicist referred to concerns about his health and announced his retirement from performing and recording.<ref name=Retirement>{{cite web|title=Leon Redbone has Retired from Performing and Recording|url=http://www.leonredbone.com/|publisher=leonredbone.com|access-date=May 19, 2015|quote=Leon Redbone, the legendary folk/jazz/roots performer has retired from both public appearances and recording. A spokesman for the artist noted, "We share the sadness and disappointment sure to be experienced by his many fans and friends and hope they understand that his health has been a matter of concern for some time. It has become too challenging for him to continue the full range of professional activities."}}</ref>

==Death==
Redbone died on May 30, 2019, from the effects of [[dementia]].<ref name=washington>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/leon-redbone-eccentric-musician-who-seemed-to-inhabit-an-earlier-time-dies-at-69/2019/05/30/92666f54-8302-11e9-933d-7501070ee669_story.html?noredirect|title=Leon Redbone, eccentric musician who seemed to inhabit an earlier time, dies at 69|last=Schudel|first=Matt|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en|access-date=June 1, 2019|date = May 30, 2019}}</ref>  At the time he was living in [[New Hope, Pennsylvania]], in hospice care.<ref name=inquirer>{{cite web|url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/leon-redbone-bob-dylan-musician-1970s-20190530.html|title=Leon Redbone, acclaimed 1970s musician, dies in New Hope|first=Dan|last=DeLuca|website=inquirer.com|date=May 30, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/music/news/singer-leon-redbone-dies-at-69-1203229012/|title=Singer Leon Redbone Dies at 69|last1=Willman|first1=Chris|last2=Aswad|first2=Jem|website=Variety|language=en|access-date=May 30, 2019|date = May 30, 2019}}</ref> He was survived by his wife Beryl Handler, daughters Blake and Ashley, and three grandchildren.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/leon-redbone-dies/|title=Leon Redbone Dies|first=Dave|last=Lifton|website=Ultimate Classic Rock|date=May 30, 2019 |access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref>

A statement on Redbone's website noted his death with cheeky humor: "It is with heavy hearts we announce that early this morning, May 30, 2019, Leon Redbone crossed the delta for that beautiful shore at the age of 127. He departed our world with his guitar, his trusty companion Rover, and a simple tip of his hat."<ref>{{Cite web |title=NEWS |url=https://www.leonredbone.com/news|date=May 30, 2019 |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=LEON REDBONE |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=TIME>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Leon Redbone, Enigmatic '70s Musician, Dies 'at the Age of 127' |url=http://time.com/5598573/leon-redbone-musician-dies/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531001850/http://time.com/5598573/leon-redbone-musician-dies/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 31, 2019 |work=[[Time Magazine]] |date=May 30, 2019}}</ref> His longtime publicist Jim Della Croce confirmed that Redbone was actually 69.<ref name=inquirer/>

==Appearances in other media==
One of Redbone's songs, "Seduced", was featured prominently in the 1978 film ''[[The Big Fix (1978 film)|The Big Fix]]''. He sang "[[Baby, It's Cold Outside]]" with [[Zooey Deschanel]] over the closing credits of the 2003 film ''[[Elf (film)|Elf]]'' <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Elf-Music-Major-Motion-Picture/dp/B0000DIZT4 |title=Elf: Music From The Major Motion Picture: CDs & Vinyl |website=Amazon |access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> and provided the voice of Leon the Snowman in the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0319343/characters/nm0714642|title=Elf (2003) – IMDb|access-date=June 2, 2019|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> He performed the theme songs for the TV shows ''[[Mr. Belvedere]]'' and ''[[Harry and the Hendersons (TV series)|Harry and the Hendersons]]''.<ref name=Brooks>{{cite book|last=Brooks|first=Tim |author2=Marsh, Earle F. |title=The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present |publisher=Ballantine Books| date=October 17, 2007 |edition= 9| page= 903|isbn=978-0-345-49773-4}}</ref>

Redbone appeared regularly on the [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] children's show ''[[Between the Lions]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leonredbone.com/whats_new.html|work=leonredbone.com|title=What's New|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227092934/http://www.leonredbone.com/whats_new.html|archive-date=27 December 2010 }}</ref> On ''[[Sesame Street]]'', he sang several songs over film footage, including "Blueberry Mouth", "Have You Ever", and "What Do They Do When They Go Wherever They Go?" He also appeared as Leon in the 1988 film ''[[Candy Mountain]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0092719/fullcredits|title=Candy Mountain (1987) – IMDb|access-date=June 2, 2019|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> and on an episode of the TV show ''[[Life Goes On (TV series)|Life Goes On]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tv.com/shows/life-goes-on/corkys-travels-58617/ |title=Life Goes On – Season 2, Episode 17: Corky's Travels |publisher=TV.com |date=March 10, 1991 |access-date=July 12, 2014 |archive-date=May 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531023415/http://www.tv.com/shows/life-goes-on/corkys-travels-58617/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He narrated the 2011 [[Emmy Award]]-winning documentary ''Remembering the Sirens'', celebrating the exceptional, yet little-known musical legacy of the Scranton Sirens, one of the most significant "territory" dance bands in American musical history.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tpt.org/remembering-the-sirens/ |title=About Remembering The Sirens |work=Twin Cities PBS |date=April 25, 2017 |publisher=Twin Cities Public Television |accessdate=2024-08-29 }}</ref>

He performed in TV commercials for various companies, including [[Budweiser|Budweiser beer]] (where he lay on a surfboard singing "This Bud's for You"<ref>{{cite web|title=1982 Leon Redbone Budweiser Commercial|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=syNW5uws0xo|publisher=YouTube|access-date=July 21, 2014}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref>), the U.S. automobile brand [[Geo (automobile)|Geo]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Geo featuring Leon Redbone (1991)| date=November 22, 2009 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vIkMtTddrQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/5vIkMtTddrQ |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|publisher=YouTube|access-date=September 1, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Sun Products|All]] laundry detergent,<ref>{{cite web|title=All commercial| date=September 3, 2009 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rc0bVtdcisQ&t=7m42s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/Rc0bVtdcisQ |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|publisher=YouTube|access-date=September 1, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and [[InterCity (British Rail)|InterCity]] British Rail service (where he sang the song "Relax"<ref>{{cite web|title=Relax| date=January 3, 2008 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DNWSBsDgsM|publisher=YouTube|access-date=September 2, 2011}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref>). He also lent his voice to an animated caricature of himself in a commercial for [[Ken-L Ration]] dog food.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leon Redbone Burgers and Bones ad| date=August 11, 2009 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JieSRsAYr0A |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/JieSRsAYr0A |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live| publisher= [[YouTube]]| access-date=September 1, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Redbone was the subject of the 2018 short documentary film ''Please Don't Talk About Me When I'm Gone'' by Mako Funasaka, Liam Romalis and Jason Charters, produced by Riddle Films.<ref>{{youTube|ngas6KfP3s0|Leon Redbone – Please Don't Talk About Me When I'm Gone}}</ref>

==Discography==
<small>Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/leon-redbone-mn0000240503/discography|title=Discography|website=Allmusic.com|access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref></small>

===Studio albums===
{{div col}}
* ''[[On the Track]]'' ([[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]], 1975)
* ''[[Double Time (Leon Redbone album)|Double Time]]'' (Warner Bros., 1977)
* ''[[Champagne Charlie (album)|Champagne Charlie]]'' (Warner Bros., 1978)
* ''[[From Branch to Branch]]'' (Emerald City / [[Atco Records|Atco]], 1981)
* ''[[Red to Blue]]'' (August, 1986)
* ''[[No Regrets (Leon Redbone album)|No Regrets]]'' (Sugar Hill, 1988)
* ''[[Christmas Island (Leon Redbone album)|Christmas Island]]'' (August, 1988)
* ''[[Sugar (Leon Redbone album)|Sugar]]'' (August / [[Private Music]], 1990)
* ''[[Up a Lazy River (album)|Up a Lazy River]]'' (August / [[Private Music]], 1992)
* ''Whistling in the Wind'' (August / [[Private Music]], 1994)
* ''[[Any Time]]'' (August / Blue Thumb, 2001)
* ''Flying By'' (August, 2014)
* ''Long Way from Home: Early Recordings'' ([[Third Man Records|Third Man]], 2016).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/leon-redbone/chart-history/blu/|title=Leon Redbone|website=Billboard.com|access-date=May 9, 2021}}</ref> Features 8 live tracks recorded live at the S.U.N.Y. Buffalo coffee house and 10 tracks recorded live in the studio at WBFO radio, Buffalo, New York.
{{div col end}}

===Live albums===
* ''Mystery Man'' (Accord, 1982) 
* ''Leon Redbone Live'' (Green Stone, 1985, also released as ''Live!'', Pair Records, 1991, as ''Live & Kickin{{'}}'', [[Cleopatra Records|Purple Pyramid / Cleopatra]], 1999, Master Classics Records, 2004, and as ''If We Ever Meet Again'', Concert Archive-Delta-Special Markets, 2021.) Some releases have incorrect song titles for certain performances including "Bootleg Rum Dum Blues" (as "Whiskey"), "Skeedle Loo Doo Blues" (as "That's All I Do"), and "Mamie's Blues" / "2:19" (as"2:17").
* ''Live&nbsp;– October 26, 1992: The Olympia Theater, Paris, France'' (Rounder, 2005)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thirdmanrecords.com/news/leon-redbone-reissues/|title=Leon Redbone Releases!|website=[[Third Man Records]]|date=November 15, 2016|access-date=November 18, 2016|archive-date=November 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119182333/https://thirdmanrecords.com/news/leon-redbone-reissues/|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
* ''Strings & Jokes: Live in Bremen 1977'' (MIG, 2018) 

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCi1CLy1kuT3MwwRJmh4VDjQ Leon Redbone Tribute Channel] at youtube.com

{{Leon Redbone|state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Redbone, Leon}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American male singers]]
[[Category:20th-century American singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:20th-century guitarists]]
[[Category:21st-century American male musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century guitarists]]
[[Category:Acoustic guitarists]]
[[Category:American blues guitarists]]
[[Category:American blues singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:American blues singers]]
[[Category:American harmonica players]]
[[Category:American jazz guitarists]]
[[Category:American jazz singers]]
[[Category:American male guitarists]]
[[Category:American male jazz musicians]]
[[Category:American male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Cypriot emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Cypriot guitarists]]
[[Category:Cypriot people of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:Deaths from dementia in Pennsylvania]]
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[[Category:Singer-songwriters from Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Third Man Records artists]]
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