Editing Lesko

{{other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lesko
| image_skyline = Synagoga lesko.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = [[Lesko Synagogue|The synagogue in Lesko]]
| image_shield = POL Lesko COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:POL województwo podkarpackie flag.svg|22px]] [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship|Subcarpathian]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lesko County|Lesko]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Lesko|Lesko]]
| leader_party = Independent 
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Adam Snarski
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 14th century
| established_title3 = Town rights
| established_date3 = before 1470
| area_total_km2 = 15.09
| population_as_of = 2006
| population_total = 5864
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|49|28|28|N|22|19|44|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 38-600
| area_code = +48 13
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = RLS
| website = http://www.lesko.pl
}}
'''Lesko''' {{IPAc-pl|'|l|e|s|k|o}} (or ''Lisko'' until 1926; {{langx|uk|Лісько|Lisko}}; {{langx|la|Lescow}}, alias ''Olesco Lescovium''; {{langx|yi|לינסק|Linsk}}) is a [[town]] in south-eastern [[Poland]] with a population of 5,755 <small>(02.06.2009).</small><ref name="GUS">{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_P_population_size_structure_31_12_2008.pdf |title=Population. Size and structure by territorial division |date=2009-06-02 |publisher=Central Statistical Office Warsaw |access-date=2009-06-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926221330/http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_P_population_size_structure_31_12_2008.pdf |archive-date=September 26, 2011 }}</ref> situated in the [[Bieszczady Mountains|Bieszczady mountains]]. It is located in the heartland of the [[Doły Jasielsko Sanockie|Doły (Pits)]], and its average altitude is {{convert|390|m|0|abbr=off}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]], although there are some hills located within the confines of the city. Since 2002 it has been the capital of [[Lesko County]].

Lesko is situated in the [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]] (since 1999); previously it was in [[Krosno Voivodeship]] (1975–1998).

==History==
Lesko was probably founded in the fourteenth century; records first mention it in 1436. It was granted its town charter in approximately 1469, when it was owned by the [[House of Kmita|Kmita family]]. In the seventeenth century, the town was quite an important centre of trade and craftsmanship, with approximately 1,500 inhabitants. Its heyday ended in 1704, when it was looted by the Swedish troops during the [[Great Northern War]].

In 1772, following the [[First Partition of Poland]], the town was located in the [[Austrian Empire]] (from 1867 [[Austria-Hungary]]) until Poland regained its independence in 1918.
In 1872 a railway line passing just {{convert|3|km|0|abbr=off}} north of the town was built.
[[File:Town hall in Lesko (2017)b.jpg|thumb|left|Town Hall in 2017.]]
In 1890 the Jewish population of Lesko was 2,425.<ref>[http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~shtetlmaster~LISKO_f18%20GALICIA_f19~ZZ~MILES~~~~~SE~~ JewishGen.org]</ref>

In September 1939, following the territorial division of Poland by the [[Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact]], the border between German and Soviet occupation zones ran along the river San in the area of Lesko. Thus the town ended up in the Soviet zone, as it was located on the eastern bank of the river. In 1940 to 1941, as part of the construction of the [[Molotov Line]] along the new border, the Soviets constructed a line of bunkers along the river to defend the river crossings, some of them right in the town. During [[Operation Barbarossa]] the Germans destroyed the bunkers in the initial days of their invasion (their ruins exist to this day).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bieszczady.info.pl/numer-27-z-przeszlosci-leska.html |title=Bieszczady twój serwis informaczjny, noclegi w Bieszczadach, agroturystyka, pensjonaty, domki wypoczynkowe, agroturystyka w Bieszczadach. Bieszczady: aktualności, zdjęcia, kalendarz wydarzeń |publisher=Bieszczady.info.pl |access-date=2011-09-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910131106/http://www.bieszczady.info.pl/numer-27-z-przeszlosci-leska.html |archive-date=2011-09-10 }}</ref> The town was liberated from the Germans by the Red Army in September, 1944. In 1945 the border between Poland and the Soviet Union was moved somewhat eastwards from the San river, so Lesko ended up in Poland following the postwar territorial rearrangements. Nevertheless, it remained very close to the Soviet border until the [[1951 Polish–Soviet territorial exchange]] which moved the border further eastward.

During the war, after the town was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, its Jewish community (about 60% of the town's population) was murdered in the [[Holocaust]].

In the immediate postwar years the area was the scene of the fighting between Polish military forces and the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]]. The fighting ended after the Ukrainian population was expelled in the course of [[Operation Vistula]] in 1947. The city and its economy only started to recover in the 1950s, after a government program encouraging people from other areas of Poland to settle there.

Currently Lesko is a gateway to the Bieszczady Mountains. The city has numerous outdoor recreational clubs.

<gallery>
Ogolny widok Liska. ante 1908 (71839282) (cropped).jpg|Lesko, before 1908
Ruiny zamku w Lesku 1838 (79713779) (cropped).jpg|Castle, ca 1838
Lesko, zamek 1939 (67951973) (cropped).jpg|Castle 1939
Boznica w Lesku 1838 (79713726) (cropped).jpg|Synagogue, ca 1838
Pocztowka - Kosciol sw. Antoniego - Lisko. post 1906 (71839280) (cropped).jpg|St. Anthony's Chapel, after 1906
</gallery>

==Climate==
Lesko has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Cfb'') using the {{convert|-3|C|F|0}} isotherm or a [[humid continental climate]] (Köppen climate classification: ''Dfb'') using the {{convert|0|C|F|0}} isotherm.<ref name="kottek2006">{{cite journal|last1=Kottek|first1=Markus|last2=Grieser|first2=Jürgen|last3=Beck|first3=Christoph|last4=Rudolf|first4=Bruno |last5=Rubel|first5=Franz|title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|date=2006|volume=15|issue=3|pages=259–263|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130|bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K|url=https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/40083/metz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf}}</ref><ref name=Peel>{{cite journal |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |issn=1027-5606|url=https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |doi-access=free }}</ref>

{{Weather box 
| location = Lesko (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1954–present)
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| Jan record high C = 13.5
| Feb record high C = 17.0
| Mar record high C = 24.5
| Apr record high C = 28.0
| May record high C = 29.8
| Jun record high C = 33.4
| Jul record high C = 33.2
| Aug record high C = 33.7
| Sep record high C = 32.4
| Oct record high C = 26.8
| Nov record high C = 24.1
| Dec record high C = 15.6
| year record high C = 33.7
| Jan high C = 0.8
| Feb high C = 2.4
| Mar high C = 7.0
| Apr high C = 13.9
| May high C = 18.6
| Jun high C = 21.7
| Jul high C = 23.5
| Aug high C = 23.6
| Sep high C = 18.2
| Oct high C = 13.1
| Nov high C = 7.5
| Dec high C = 1.8
| year high C = 12.7
| Jan mean C = -2.2
| Feb mean C = -1.0
| Mar mean C = 2.6
| Apr mean C = 8.3
| May mean C = 12.8
| Jun mean C = 16.3
| Jul mean C = 17.9
| Aug mean C = 17.7
| Sep mean C = 13.0
| Oct mean C = 8.6
| Nov mean C = 4.1
| Dec mean C = -0.8
| year mean C = 8.1
| Jan low C = -4.8
| Feb low C = -3.9
| Mar low C = -1.2
| Apr low C = 3.2
| May low C = 7.6
| Jun low C = 11.2
| Jul low C = 12.9
| Aug low C = 12.6
| Sep low C = 8.7
| Oct low C = 5.1
| Nov low C = 1.3
| Dec low C = -3.3
| year low C = 4.1
| Jan record low C = -28.8
| Feb record low C = -32.5
| Mar record low C = -25.2
| Apr record low C = -8.3
| May record low C = -5.5
| Jun record low C = -0.5
| Jul record low C = 4.4
| Aug record low C = 1.9
| Sep record low C = -3.0
| Oct record low C = -10.5
| Nov record low C = -17.4
| Dec record low C = -29.3
| year record low C = -32.5
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 38.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 40.9
| Mar precipitation mm = 43.1
| Apr precipitation mm = 56.8
| May precipitation mm = 101.8
| Jun precipitation mm = 99.3
| Jul precipitation mm = 125.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 87.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 86.7
| Oct precipitation mm = 65.1
| Nov precipitation mm = 47.2
| Dec precipitation mm = 44.4
| year precipitation mm = 836.4
| Jan snow depth cm = 13.2
| Feb snow depth cm = 16.0
| Mar snow depth cm = 10.0
| Apr snow depth cm = 3.8
| May snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jun snow depth cm = 0.0
| Jul snow depth cm = 0.0
| Aug snow depth cm = 0.0
| Sep snow depth cm = 0.0
| Oct snow depth cm = 1.3
| Nov snow depth cm = 5.5
| Dec snow depth cm = 8.8
| year snow depth cm = 
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 17.93
| Feb precipitation days = 16.21
| Mar precipitation days = 15.20
| Apr precipitation days = 14.17
| May precipitation days = 17.17
| Jun precipitation days = 16.43
| Jul precipitation days = 16.83
| Aug precipitation days = 12.83
| Sep precipitation days = 15.40
| Oct precipitation days = 15.13
| Nov precipitation days = 15.27
| Dec precipitation days = 17.37
| year precipitation days = 189.94
| unit snow days = 0 cm
| Jan snow days = 22.4
| Feb snow days = 20.6
| Mar snow days = 10.6
| Apr snow days = 1.7
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 1.1
| Nov snow days = 6.3
| Dec snow days = 18.3
| year snow days = 81.0
| Jan humidity = 83.2
| Feb humidity = 80.8
| Mar humidity = 75.6
| Apr humidity = 71.0
| May humidity = 76.1
| Jun humidity = 77.8
| Jul humidity = 78.9
| Aug humidity = 78.7
| Sep humidity = 82.4
| Oct humidity = 82.0
| Nov humidity = 82.8
| Dec humidity = 84.7
| year humidity = 79.5
| Jan sun = 65.1
| Feb sun = 74.1
| Mar sun = 116.0
| Apr sun = 171.5
| May sun = 206.9
| Jun sun = 214.1
| Jul sun = 231.5
| Aug sun = 235.9
| Sep sun = 155.0
| Oct sun = 117.6
| Nov sun = 74.1
| Dec sun = 57.3
| year sun = 1719.0
| source 1 = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management<ref name=IMGWtavg>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115527/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| archive-date = 3 December 2021
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE
| title = Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmin>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043924/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE
| title = Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWtmax>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044916/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE
| title = Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecip>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220109045820/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| archive-date = 9 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA
| title = Miesięczna suma opadu
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWprecipdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115051112/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01
| title = Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdepth>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054936/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB
| title = Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsnowdays>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044246/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| archive-date = 21 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0
| title = Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=IMGWsun>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055331/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| archive-date = 15 January 2022
| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL
| title = Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)
| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020
| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management 
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref>
| source 2 = Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)<ref name=recordhigh>
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=349220690&par=tmax&max_empty=3
| title = Lesko Absolutna temperatura maksymalna
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=recordlow>
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=349220690&par=tmin&max_empty=3
| title = Lesko Absolutna temperatura minimalna
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=relativehumidity>
{{cite web
| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=349220690&par=rh&max_empty=3
| title = Lesko Średnia wilgotność
| publisher = Meteomodel.pl
| language = pl
| access-date = 28 February 2022}}</ref>
}}

== Sites of interest ==
*'''Parish Church of the Visitation of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary''' (''Kościół parafialny pw. Nawiedzenia Najświętszej Maryi Panny'') - built in 1539 by [[Piotr Kmita Sobieński]] of the Kmita (''Kmitowie'') noble family that dominated the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lesko.pl/?c=mdTresc-cmPokaz-429 |title=Urząd Miasta i Gminy Lesko |publisher=Lesko.pl |access-date=2011-09-16}}</ref> Built in the late [[Gothic architecture|gothic]] style, from stone and brick. Damaged by a Swedish attack during the [[Deluge (history)|Deluge]], reconstructed. A [[Baroque]] interior from 1759 has survived. Reconstructed again in 1889, with a neogothic tower added. Next to the church a Baroque bell tower built from 1725 to 1764. [[Franciszek Pułaski]] (died 1769), cousin of general [[Kazimierz Pułaski]], is buried in the church.
*Castle of the Kmita family, built in the sixteenth century, then reconstructed, partially destroyed and rebuilt. At one time, it was the home of the Polish poet [[Wincenty Pol]]. It now houses many works of notable European painters and writers.
*'''[[Lesko Synagogue]]''' - built in the first half of the 17th century, to replace an older wooden building. Its interior was destroyed during World War II by the Nazis. After the war, with no Jewish community left in Lesko, it fell into ruin. Gradually restored from 1960s onwards, it currently houses an art gallery.
*Kirkut (Jewish cemetery), with graves dating back to the sixteenth century. One of Poland's oldest Jewish cemeteries, it contains over 2,000 headstones.
*Town Hall building, which dates back to 1896.
*[[Lesko Stone]], a popular geological formation.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Lesko roman catholic church.jpg|gothic parish church built in 1539 by the Kmita family and small street in Lesko
File:Lesko kosciol.jpg|Gothic Parish church of the Visitation of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary
File:ParLesko.jpg|Parish church 
File:ParPulaski.jpg|Franciszek Pulaski's cavalry captain - [[Kazimierz Pulaski]]'s cousin memorial plaque inside parish church
File:Kmiter Burg.jpg|Kmita's castle
</gallery>

==Hiking trails==
[[File:Map of the European Long Distance Path E8.png|thumb|The European walking route E8]]
*[[European walking route E8]]

==Literature==
* Prof. [[Adam Fastnacht]]. Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Średniowieczu (Historic-Geographic Dictionary of the Sanok District in the Middle Ages), Kraków, 2002, {{ISBN|83-88385-14-3}}.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Lesko}}

{{Lesko County}}
{{Gmina Lesko}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Subcarpathian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Lesko County]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Poland]]