Editing Lester Patrick

{{Short description|Canadian ice hockey player and coach}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox ice hockey player
| position = [[Defenceman (ice hockey)|Defence]]
| image = Lester Patrick Victoria 1912 Postcard.jpg
| image_size = 230px
| caption = Patrick in 1912, with the Victoria Aristocrats
| shoots = Left
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 1
| weight_lb = 180
| birth_date = {{birth date|1883|12|31|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Drummondville]], Quebec, Canada
| death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1960|6|1|1883|12|30}}
| death_place = [[Victoria, British Columbia]], Canada
| played_for = [[New York Rangers]] <br>[[Victoria Cougars]] <br>[[Victoria Aristocrats]] <br>[[Seattle Metropolitans]] <br>[[Spokane Canaries]] <br>[[Renfrew Creamery Kings]] <br>[[Edmonton Eskimos (ice hockey)|Edmonton Pros]] <br>[[Montreal Wanderers]] <br>[[Brandon Wheat City Hockey Club|Brandon Wheat City]]
| career_start = 1904
| career_end = 1928
| halloffame = 1947
}}
'''Curtis Lester Patrick''' (December 31, 1883 – June 1, 1960) was a Canadian professional [[ice hockey]] player and coach associated with the [[Victoria Aristocrats|Victoria Aristocrats/Cougars]] of the [[Pacific Coast Hockey Association]] (PCHA; [[Western Canada Hockey League|Western Hockey League]] (WHL) after 1924), and the [[New York Rangers]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). Along with his brother [[Frank Patrick (ice hockey)|Frank Patrick]] and father [[Joseph Patrick]], he founded the PCHA and helped develop several rules for the game of hockey. Patrick won the [[Stanley Cup]] six times as a player, coach and manager.

Born in [[Drummondville]], [[Quebec]], Patrick moved to [[Montreal]] with his family at a young age and grew up there, and started playing hockey at this time while also working for his father's lumber company. Patrick first played for a top-level team in 1904 when he spent a season with the [[Brandon Wheat City Hockey Club|Brandon Hockey Club]] in [[Manitoba]], and subsequently played three years in Montreal, winning the Stanley Cup with the [[Montreal Wanderers]] in both 1906 and 1907. Moving west to [[British Columbia]] with his family in 1907 Patrick played for a local team in [[Nelson, British Columbia]], and was invited to join the [[Edmonton Hockey Club]] for a Cup challenge in 1908. Patrick and his brother Frank were lured back east in 1909 by promises of a large salary to join the [[Renfrew Creamery Kings]] of the [[National Hockey Association]], though both returned to Nelson after one season with Renfrew.

In 1911 the brothers formed the PCHA, and Patrick owned, managed, coached, and played for the Victoria team. He led the team to a Cup challenge in 1914, and aside from one season with the [[Seattle Metropolitans]] in 1917–18 he was with the team until the league was sold off in 1926. While with Victoria he won the Cup again in [[1925 Stanley Cup Finals|1925]], the last team outside the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) to do so. Along with Frank, Patrick would introduce many innovations in the PCHA that remain in hockey today, including the [[blue line (ice hockey)|blue line]], the [[penalty shot (ice hockey)|penalty shot]], and tracking [[assist (ice hockey)|assists]], among others.

When the WHL, as the PCHA had been renamed in 1924, was sold to the NHL in 1926, Patrick was hired by the expansion New York Rangers to be their coach and manager. He led the team to Stanley Cup wins in [[1928 Stanley Cup Finals|1928]] and [[1933 Stanley Cup Finals|1933]], along with three further Finals appearances. He resigned as coach in 1939 though remained as manager, winning the Cup in that role again in [[1940 Stanley Cup Finals|1940]], before resigning from that role in 1946.

Patrick's sons [[Lynn Patrick|Lynn]] and [[Muzz Patrick|Muzz]] both played for him on the Rangers, and his grandsons [[Craig Patrick|Craig]] and [[Glenn Patrick|Glenn]] also played in the NHL. Lynn, Muzz, and Craig all later coached and served as general managers in the NHL as well, while another grandson, [[Dick Patrick|Dick]] is an executive and part-owner of the [[Washington Capitals]]; in 2024, great-grandson [[Chris Patrick (ice hockey)|Chris]] was named general manager of the Capitals. Patrick's contributions to hockey were recognized with his induction into the [[Hockey Hall of Fame]] in 1947, and he is also the namesake of the NHL's [[Lester Patrick Trophy]], awarded for outstanding contributions to hockey in the United States, and the [[Patrick Division]], which existed in the NHL from 1974 to 1993.

==Early life and career==
[[File:Joseph Patrick.jpg|thumb|left|Lester Patrick's father [[Joseph Patrick|Joe]]]]
Patrick's father, [[Joseph Patrick|Joe]], was the son of Irish immigrants: Thomas Patrick had emigrated from [[County Tyrone]] in [[Ireland]] to Canada in 1848 and settled in Quebec. Joe was born in 1857 and in 1883 married Grace Nelson. They moved to [[Drummondville]], [[Quebec]] where Joe worked as a general store clerk and Grace was a schoolmarm.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=9–10}}</ref> Drummondville was predominantly French-speaking and Catholic at the time, making the Anglophone and Methodist Patrick family a minority in the town.<ref name="Whitehead 11">{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=11}}</ref> Patrick was born on December 31, 1883, in Drummondville, Quebec, the oldest child of Joe and Grace Patrick.{{efn|There were six children in total: Lester, [[Frank Patrick (ice hockey)|Frank]], Lucinda, Edward, and Dora, and a girl who died in infancy.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=10–12, 39}}</ref>}} In 1887 the family moved {{convert|9|mi|km}} to Carmell Hill, where Joe bought a half-interest in a general store with [[William Mitchell (Canadian politician)|William Mitchell]].{{efn|Mitchell later became a [[Senate of Canada|Canadian senator]].<ref name="Whitehead 12">{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=12}}</ref>}} As in Drummondville the town was mainly Francophone, leading the family to learn French.<ref name="Whitehead 11"/> Joe and his partners sold their store in 1892 earning a substantial profit of [[Canadian dollar|$]]10,000; Joe used his $5,000 to establish a lumber company and built a mill in [[Daveluyville]], which was {{convert|60|mi|km}} west of [[Quebec City]].<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=11–12}}</ref> That winter Patrick and his younger brother [[Frank Patrick (ice hockey)|Frank]] received their first pair of [[Ice skate|skates]].<ref name="Whitehead 12"/> In 1893 the family moved again, this time to [[Montreal]], as Joe expanded his lumber company. They first lived in [[Pointe-Saint-Charles]], a rail district, before moving to the more prosperous suburb of [[Westmount, Quebec|Westmount]] in 1895.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=13–16}}</ref> While in Montreal the two older Patrick brothers were first introduced to [[ice hockey]].<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=14}}</ref> They also met [[Art Ross]] at this time, who became a close friend of both brothers and had an extensive career in hockey.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2015|p=39}}</ref> Patrick developed into a strong hockey player and would frequently be invited as a ringer to play in important games.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=18}}</ref>

In 1901 Patrick enrolled in [[McGill University]]. He played [[basketball]] in his first semester as a student, and subsequently joined the hockey team. He was also invited to tryout for the [[Montreal Shamrocks]], a top senior team in the city; however as this would have meant leaving the university, Patrick declined the offer, following the advice of his father.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=22}}</ref> Even so Patrick only studied at McGill for one year before he withdrew. He was more focused on playing sports than studying, and so Joe decided to have Patrick start working for the family business. After initially working in an office role, within a year Patrick was promoted to a branch manager.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=23}}</ref> The company was downsized though and so in June 1903 Patrick decided to move to [[Calgary]] in Western Canada in an effort to work on cattle ranches. Upon arriving in Calgary he found the lifestyle was not suitable for him, and instead joined the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] as a rodman and chainman on a survey gang, working until the autumn of that year.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=23–24}}</ref>

On his way back to Montreal, Patrick stopped in [[Brandon, Manitoba]]. He had friends there playing hockey, and was offered spot with the team for $25 per month to cover expenses. He played as [[defenceman|cover-point]]{{efn|Point and cover-point were early versions of [[defenceman (ice hockey)|defencemen]], and were not expected to contribute much to offensive actions.<ref>{{harvnb|Hardy|Holman|2018|p=130}}</ref>}} for the season. While points and cover-points were not expected to contribute much to offensive actions, Patrick tried to carry the puck up the ice during a game, scoring a goal.<ref name="Whitehead 24">{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=24}}</ref> While the club questioned his motive, he argued that it was successful, and the fans enjoyed it, so was allowed to keep doing so.<ref>{{harvnb|Fischler|1976|p=9}}</ref> He also advocated for the two defenders to line up side-by-side, rather than one in front of the other as had been the standard since the beginning of hockey; this change was adopted by the team and soon widely adopted in hockey.<ref>{{harvnb|Fischler|1976|pp=9–10}}</ref> Brandon challenged the [[Ottawa Senators (original)|Ottawa Senators]] for the [[Stanley Cup]] in that season, but were defeated in the two-game, total-goal series. After the season Patrick returned to Montreal, arriving by March 1904.<ref name="Whitehead 24"/>

[[Image:Lester Patrick, Nelson Hockey Club.jpg|right|thumb|Patrick with the Nelson Hockey Club in 1909]]
Patrick played the [[1905 CAHL season|1904–05 season]] with [[Montreal Westmount]] in the [[Canadian Amateur Hockey League]] (CAHL), then the top level league in Canadian hockey.<ref>{{harvnb|Coleman|1964|p=102}}</ref> In eight games Patrick had four goals.<ref name="Coleman 634">{{harvnb|Coleman|1964|p=634}}</ref> While back from school during a break in [[1905 CAHL season|1905]], Frank briefly joined the [[Montreal Westmount]] club and played two games; this marked the first time the brothers played together. Preoccupied with work commitments for his father, Patrick frequently missed team workouts and the team did not perform very well.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=26}}</ref> The CAHL was disbanded prior to the start of the [[1906 ECAHA season|1905–06 season]] and replaced by a new league, the [[Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association]] (ECAHA).<ref>{{harvnb|Wong|2005|pp=38–39}}</ref> Patrick joined the [[Montreal Wanderers]], who were admitted to the new league, scoring 17 goals in nine games for them.<ref>{{harvnb|Coleman|1964|pp=634–635}}</ref> The Wanderers finished in a tie with Ottawa for first in the league, leading to a two game, total goal playoff was played for the league championship. The Wanders won the series 12 goals to 10, with Patrick scoring the final two goals in the last minutes of the second game, and were thus also awarded the Stanley Cup.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=297}}</ref> The [[1907 ECAHA season|following season]] the Wanderers again finished first in the ECAHA, though lost the Cup in a challenge against the [[Kenora Thistles]], champions of the [[Manitoba Hockey Association]], in January 1907. In a rematch series in March 1907 the Wanderers defeated Kenora to again win the Cup.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|pp=294–295}}</ref> Patrick had scored 11 goals in nine regular season games, and a further 10 goals in six Cup challenge games.<ref name="Coleman 634"/>

In 1907 Joe purchased a tract of land in the [[Slocan Valley]] in southeastern [[British Columbia]] (BC), and moved the family west to [[Nelson, British Columbia]], a town near the land, to start a new lumber company there. Frank remained in Montreal to complete his studies, as he had one year remaining.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=39}}</ref> In Nelson Patrick played for a local hockey team, scoring 22 goals in 6 games during the 1908–09 season.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=4}}</ref>

During the season Patrick also accepted an offer to join the [[Edmonton Hockey Club]] of the [[Alberta Amateur Hockey Association]] for their upcoming Cup challenge against his former team, the Wanderers. The team had signed several high-profile players from Eastern Canada to play for the team in the challenge; only two players on the team were from Edmonton, with the rest coming from the east.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|1992|p=74}}</ref> Patrick and [[Tommy Phillips]], who had played for Kenora, never even reached Edmonton; they met their team in [[Winnipeg]] on its way east for the Cup challenge.<ref name="Jenish 75">{{harvnb|Jenish|1992|p=75}}</ref> Edmonton lost the two game, total-goal series 14–9, with Patrick scoring one goal.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=47}}</ref> While other players were paid several hundred dollars for the series,{{efn|Phillips, who broke his ankle in the first game and sat out the second, was paid $600.<ref name="Jenish 75"/>}} Patrick was given $100 for expenses. In a story he told years later, Patrick noted that after informing his father he only spent $62, he was ordered to reimburse the Edmonton club the remaining $38; Patrick would claim this "must have been the first and last time in history that a hockey player ever returned any part of his expense money."<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=48}}</ref>

[[Image:MontrealWanderers1907.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Montreal Wanderers]] during the [[Stanley Cup]] challenge in 1907, in which the team would defeat the [[Kenora Thistles]]. Patrick is in the front row, third from right.]]
The following year a new top-level league, the [[National Hockey Association]] (NHA), was established; unlike the ECHA,{{efn|The ECAHA renamed itself the ECHA in 1908, dropping the word "Amateur".<ref>{{harvnb|Kitchen|2008|pp=160–161}}</ref>}} the NHA was openly professional.<ref>{{harvnb|McKinley|2000|p=73}}</ref> Several teams began to send offers to both Patrick brothers, who had decided to return east for the winter and play hockey there. Among the teams making offers were the [[Renfrew Creamery Kings]], owned by [[J. Ambrose O'Brien]], a wealthy mining magnate, and when Patrick received the offer he replied saying he would join the team for $3,000, an exorbitant salary for the era. Surprised by the offer, Patrick asked for his brother Frank as well, and Frank was offered $2,000 to join the team.<ref>{{harvnb|Cosentino|1990|p=56}}</ref>

Along with other high-profile players, most famously [[Cyclone Taylor]], who signed for a reported $5,250,{{efn|The figure $5,250 comes from Whitehead's biography of Taylor. However Cosentino has suggested the base salary was closer to $2,000, with the rest coming from a guaranteed salary outside of hockey and a bond to ensure he would sign. Regardless, Taylor had the highest salary in hockey history. See {{harvnb|Whitehead|1977|pp=105–106}} and {{harvnb|Cosentino|1990|p=73}}.}} the team was nicknamed the "Millionaires".<ref>{{harvnb|Kitchen|2008|p=165}}</ref> Along with several teammates, the Patricks lived in a boarding house in Renfrew during the season, and players were often seen together about town.<ref>{{harvnb|Cosentino|1990|p=76}}</ref> Patrick was the more out-spoken of the brothers, with Frank being quiet and reserved, though his demeanor changed when the topic of hockey came up. He became quite lively and was open about his ideas on how to improve the game, and what type of tactics could be used.<ref>{{harvnb|Cosentino|1990|pp=76–77}}</ref> Taylor would later recall he was quite impressed by the brothers knowledge and views, stating that "Frank in particular had an amazing grasp of the science of hockey, and they were both already dreaming about changes that would improve the game".<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1977|p=110}}</ref>

==Pacific Coast Hockey Association==
Joe sold his lumber company in January 1911, making a profit of around $440,000, of which he gave both Lester and Frank $25,000. In a separate transaction Joe also sold a private interest he had, earning a further $35,000.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=92–93}}</ref> With this money Joe solicited ideas from his family on what to invest in, and Frank suggested they establish their own hockey league, one based in BC and that they controlled. It was put to a vote, with both Joe and Frank voting in favour and Lester against, so they agreed to move forward, and the family moved to [[Victoria, British Columbia]].<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=93–95}}</ref> They incorporated the new league, the [[Pacific Coast Hockey Association]] (PCHA), on December 7, 1911.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|p=15}}</ref>

The initial plan was to place teams in large cities in Western Canada, with one each in [[Vancouver]] and Victoria (both in BC), and one in [[Edmonton]] and [[Calgary]] (both in [[Alberta]]). Issues in finding support for the Alberta-based teams meant that the new league would only be based in BC initially.<ref>{{harvnb|Wong|2018|p=679}}</ref> The mild weather on the West Coast meant that unlike Central and Eastern Canada natural ice could not be used for games, and so the Patrick family built two arenas: the [[Denman Arena]] in Vancouver and the [[Patrick Arena]] in Victoria.<ref>{{harvnb|Wong|2018|pp=679–680}}</ref> While the arenas were being built Patrick went east to recruit players, offering up to twice the salary they were making in the NHA to join the new league, and was able to recruit several high-profile names.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=10–13}}</ref> Patrick managed and played for the [[Victoria Cougars|Victoria team]],<ref name="Wong 64">{{harvnb|Wong|2005|p=64}}</ref>{{efn|The Victoria team would be known variously as the "Capitals", "Aristocrats", and "Cougars" during its existence.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|pp=18, 65, 169}}</ref>}} while Frank would do the same for the [[Vancouver Millionaires|Vancouver team]].{{efn|The team would later be known as the "Millionaires".<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=18–19}}</ref>}} Patrick played all 16 games for the team in the inaugural [[1912 PCHA season|1912 season]], finishing tied for third on the team in scoring with 10 goals.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=11}}</ref> At a height of {{height|ft=6|in=1}} and weight of {{convert|180|lb|kg}} Patrick was larger than many other hockey players of the era, and historian Alan Livingstone MacLeod notes that in team photos Patrick was "at least half a head taller than the other players".<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=21}}</ref>

Buoyed by an influx of players from the east (16 of the 23 players in the PCHA's first season had played in the NHA previously), the league did well and demonstrated early it could be a serious challenger to the supremacy of the NHA.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=22}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=29–30}}</ref>

[[File:Patrick Arena Victoria BC.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Patrick Arena]] in 1912. It was built and owned by the Patrick family, it hosted three games of the [[1925 Stanley Cup Finals]]. It burned down in 1929.]]
Prior to the start of the [[1913–14 PCHA season|1913–14]] Patrick broke a bone in his left arm, keeping him from playing until mid-way through the season, though he continued to serve as coach.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=58–59}}</ref> Victoria started the season badly, but with Patrick returning they finished strong and won the league championship, with 10 wins in 16 games. Patrick played eight of the games, and had ten points.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=59–60}}</ref> With a new agreement reached between the PCHA and NA, Victoria played the NHA champions, the [[Toronto Blueshirts]], for the Cup. The teams played a best-of-five series, which Toronto won 3 games to 0.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=281}}</ref> Patrick played all three games and had two goals.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|p=65}}</ref>

In January 1916 the Victoria Arena was commandeered by the Canadian military for use as a training facility for new recruits.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=73}}</ref> Prior to the [[1916–17 PCHA season|1916–17]] Patrick moved his team from Victoria to [[Spokane, Washington]], where they were renamed the [[Spokane Canaries]]. The reason for the move is not clear, though MacLeod speculates that Patrick thought the military may allow the team to continue to use it, which was not to be the case.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|pp=78–79}}</ref> After that season the Canaries were disbanded, and Patrick joined the Stanley Cup champion [[Seattle Metropolitans]].<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=97}}</ref>

The Aristocrats were revived in 1918 as the [[Victoria Cougars]], and Patrick took over as player-manager. Despite playing in only about half the games, he retired as a player after the 1922 season. Remaining with the Cougars as head coach, Patrick became the last non-NHL coach to win the [[Stanley Cup]] [[1925 Stanley Cup Finals|in 1925]].<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=255}}</ref>

In January 1926 Patrick returned to the ice for the Cougars in an effort to help the team, which was playing poorly.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=228}}</ref>

==New York Rangers==
[[Image:Lpatrick.jpg|thumb|left|Lester Patrick serving as goaltender during the [[1928 Stanley Cup Finals]]]]
By the early 1920s the PCHA was losing money. Seattle folded in 1924, and with only two teams left (Vancouver and Victoria), the Patricks decided to merge with the [[Western Canada Hockey League]], which was renamed the Western Hockey League (WHL).<ref>{{harvnb|Ross|2015|p=133}}</ref> The WHL continued for two seasons until 1926, though with continued financial difficulties and expansion plans by the NHL (which would add three teams between 1924 and 1926, growing to ten teams overall) it was clear the league would not be sustainable.<ref>{{harvnb|Wong|2005|pp=95–96}}</ref> With the consent of five of the six WHL teams{{efn|Saskatoon had an agreement to sell its players to the [[Montreal Maroons]].<ref name="Whitehead 152">{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=152}}</ref>}} Frank met with the NHL and offered to sell the rights to WHL players to the league for a lump sum, allowing the NHL to quickly stock the expansion teams being set up.<ref name="Whitehead 152"/> This was agreed to, and for $100,000 the Victoria team was transferred to Detroit, (who named themselves the [[Detroit Red Wings|Detroit Cougars]] in recognition).{{efn|They would later be renamed the Falcons, and finally Red Wings.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2013|pp=68–73}}</ref>}}<ref>{{harvnb|Holzman|Nieforth|2002|p=268}}</ref> The Chicago team, later named the [[Chicago Blackhawks|Black Hawks]], also paid $100,000 for players, receiving the [[Portland Rosebuds (ice hockey)|Portland Rosebuds]].<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2013|pp=48–49}}</ref> The [[Boston Bruins]], whose owner [[Charles Adams (ice hockey)|Charles Adams]] and manager Art Ross had helped facilitate the sale, also purchased select players, paying a total of $17,000, netting the WHL owners a total of $267,000.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2015|pp=182–183}}</ref>

In October 1926 Patrick was offered the position of coach with the [[New York Rangers]], another expansion team in the NHL.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=160}}</ref> Shortly after he was also named the team's general manager, replacing [[Conn Smythe]].<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=162–163}}</ref> He played one regular season game for the Rangers, on March 20, 1927, serving as a substitute defenceman against the [[New York Americans]].{{Sfn|The Montreal Gazette|1927|p=16}}

He is famous for an incident which occurred on April 7, 1928, during Game 2 of the [[1928 Stanley Cup Finals]] against the [[Montreal Maroons]]. After starting goaltender [[Lorne Chabot]] suffered an eye injury when he was hit by the puck in the middle of the second period, Patrick inserted himself into the game as the Rangers' new netminder, telling the players "Boys, don't let an old man down." At the age of 44 years, 99 days, Patrick remains the oldest man to have played in the Stanley Cup Finals. At the time it was not common for teams to have a backup goaltender, and the opposing team's coach had to allow a substitute goaltender. However, Maroons manager-coach [[Eddie Gerard]] refused to give permission for the Rangers to use [[Alec Connell]], the [[Ottawa Senators (original)|Ottawa Senators]]' netminder who was in the stands, as well as minor-leaguer Hugh McCormick.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=118}}</ref> [[Odie Cleghorn]], the coach of the [[Pittsburgh Pirates (NHL)|Pittsburgh Pirates]], stood in for Patrick as coach for the remainder of the game, and directed the Rangers to check fiercely at mid-ice which limited the Maroon players to long harmless shots. Patrick saved 18 to 19 shots while allowing one goal in helping the Rangers to an overtime victory.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|pp=118–119}}</ref> For the next three games, the league gave permission for the Rangers to use [[Joseph Anthony Miller|Joe Miller]] from the [[New York Americans]] in goal. The Rangers went on to win the Stanley Cup, their first in franchise history.<ref>{{harvnb|Anderson|1961|pp=M3–M4}}</ref>

The Rangers played in the [[Stanley Cup Finals]] in [[1929 Stanley Cup Finals|1929]], and again in [[1932 Stanley Cup Finals|1932]], though lost both years.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|pp=238, 244}}</ref> They won a second Stanley Cup championship in [[1933 Stanley Cup Finals|1933]], defeating the [[Toronto Maple Leafs]].<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=235}}</ref> Patrick coached the team to the Finals once more in [[1937 Stanley Cup Finals|1937]], though they lost.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=226}}</ref> He resigned as coach in 1939 and was replaced by [[Frank Boucher]], remaining as general manager of the Rangers and serving as an assistant coach to Boucher.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=158}}</ref>

Patrick won the Cup for the final time in [[1940 Stanley Cup Finals|1940]] when the Rangers, coached by Boucher, defeated Toronto.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=220}}</ref> However the onset of the [[Second World War]] in 1939 had depleted the Rangers, who saw many players enlist in the armed forces of both Canada and the United States.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2013|p=96}}</ref> This led to tension between Patrick and Boucher, and with the team continuing to lose Patrick resigned as general manager on February 22, 1946, replaced by Boucher, who took on the dual role of coach and general manager.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=235–236}}</ref> He stayed on as vice president of [[Madison Square Garden (1925)|Madison Square Garden]], finally retiring in 1950.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=192}}</ref> Patrick had also briefly assumed an executive position in the NHL in early 1943: league president [[Frank Calder]] collapsed at a board meeting in January, and until his replacement [[Red Dutton]] was able to assume the role in May, Patrick and [[E.W. Bickle]] of Toronto oversaw the league.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2013|pp=96–99}}</ref>

==Later life and legacy==
[[File:Lester Patrick grave marker.jpg|thumb|Patrick's grave marker|alt=Flat grey granite stone inscribed with his name, birth and death years]]
[[File:Frank Patrick.jpg|thumb|right|[[Frank Patrick (ice hockey)|Frank Patrick]] with the [[Renfrew Creamery Kings]] on a [[hockey card]], circa 1910–12. The Patrick brothers introduced the [[blue line (ice hockey)|blue line]], the [[penalty shot (ice hockey)|penalty shot]], and tracking [[assist (ice hockey)|assists]], among others.]]
Patrick developed lung cancer, and his health quickly deteriorated. He died in Victoria after a heart attack on June 1, 1960, aged 76.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=251}}</ref> He was interred in the family plot at the Royal Oak Burying Park.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hockey Greats To Attend Patrick Rites|date=June 2, 1960|newspaper=[[Times Colonist]]|location=Victoria, British Columbia|page=1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-colonist-patrick-1960/168720659/}}</ref> Exactly four weeks later, he was followed by his brother Frank, who was 74; Frank's death was also attributed to a heart attack.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=252}}</ref>

The [[Lester Patrick Trophy]], awarded for outstanding contributions to hockey in the United States, is named for him. He was also the namesake of the [[Patrick Division]], one of the former divisions of the NHL teams.<ref name="nhl.com">{{cite web|year=2010 |url=http://www.nhl.com/trophies/patrick.html |title=Lester Patrick Trophy |publisher=[[National Hockey League]] |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109093936/http://www.nhl.com/trophies/patrick.html |archive-date=January 9, 2010 }}</ref> The championships trophy of the [[Western Hockey League (1952–1974)|Western Hockey League]], the [[Lester Patrick Cup]], was renamed after Patrick upon his death in 1960.<ref>{{harvnb|Stott|2008|pp=105–106}}</ref> He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947.<ref name= "Whitehead p. 238">{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=238}}</ref>

As a coach Patrick described his philosophy to reporters: "It is incumbent upon you initially to build up their morale and then maintain it, and before you do that you must have acquired their confidence in your judgement, and you must know the man."<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=103}}</ref> He was known to be patient with players, and while he would go onto the ice to show plays, he let the players work on it, aware that it took time for some to learn.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=104}}</ref>

The Patrick brothers created many new rules for hockey, and at least 22 remain in the NHL rulebook to this day. They introduced the blue line, the forward pass, and the playoff system, a change adopted by other leagues and sports around the world. After a suggestion by their father Joe, they began using numbers on players' sweaters and in programs to help fans identify the skaters. A new rule allowed the puck to be kicked everywhere but into the net, and allowed goaltenders to fall to the ice to make a save. They were responsible for crediting assists when a goal was scored, and invented the penalty shot.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2013|p=50}}</ref>

With the Rangers Patrick also became an early advocate of the [[farm team]] system, in which the parent team sponsored several [[minor league|minor]] and [[junior ice hockey|junior]] teams in order to retain their playing rights. This allowed teams like the Rangers, who did not have many local players, to acquire talent from other regions, and kept competing teams from signing all the players.<ref>{{harvnb|Ross|2015|pp=240–241}}</ref> The Rangers developed an extensive system in this way, including forming a new league, the [[Eastern Hockey League|Eastern Amateur Hockey League]], which had teams in the New York region.<ref>{{harvnb|Ross|2015|p=241}}</ref> In 1933 Patrick started hosting Rangers' [[training camps]] in Winnipeg, in a further effort to expand the search for talent beyond the provinces of Ontario and Quebec where the NHL's two Canadian teams (the Toronto Maple Leafs and [[Montreal Canadiens]]) were located.<ref>{{harvnb|Ross|2015|p=242}}</ref>

The Patricks have been dubbed "Hockey's Royal Family".<ref>{{harvnb|McKinley|2009|p=68}}</ref> Patrick's son, [[Lynn Patrick|Lynn]] and grandson [[Craig Patrick|Craig]] were both inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Another son, [[Muzz Patrick|Muzz]], was a player and eventually coach and general manager of the Rangers. Another grandson, [[Glenn Patrick|Glenn]], played in the NHL during parts of the 1970s while another grandson, [[Dick Patrick|Dick]] (Muzz's son) has been an executive and minority owner of the [[Washington Capitals]] since 1982.<ref>{{harvnb|Blumenstock|1982}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Svrluga|2019}}</ref> Great-grandson [[Chris Patrick (ice hockey)|Chris]], the son of Dick, was named general manager of the Capitals in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gulitti |first=Tom |url=https://www.nhl.com/news/chris-patrick-named-washington-gm-brian-maclellan-remains-president |title=Patrick named Capitals general manager, MacLellan remains president of hockey operations |website=NHL.com |date=July 8, 2024 |access-date=July 8, 2024}}</ref>

Patrick also played a role in the early development of women's hockey. In Nelson his sisters Myrtle, Cynda and Dora were associated with the Nelson Ladies Hockey Club, and in 1911 Patrick would coach the team.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|p=35}}</ref> In January 1916, the Patrick brothers talked of forming a women's league to complement the PCHA and occupy dates for their arenas in Vancouver and Victoria.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|p=120}}</ref> The proposal included teams from Vancouver, Victoria, Portland, and Seattle. The league never formed but in January 1917, the ''Vancouver News-Advertiser'' reported that wives of the Seattle Metropolitans had assembled a team. In February 1921, Frank announced a women's international championship series that would be played in conjunction with the PCHA.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|p=115}}</ref> A series of games were held over that month with teams from Seattle, Vancouver, and Victoria, playing during intermissions of PCHA games.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|pp=120–121}}</ref> Both Seattle and Victoria's teams disbanded after the series, and the proposed women's league was not further developed.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|p=123}}</ref>

==Awards and achievements==
* Stanley Cup champion (6): 1906, 1907 as a player; 1925, 1928, 1933, 1940 as an owner/manager/coach

==Career statistics==
===Regular season and playoffs===
{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; width:60em"
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"|
! rowspan="100" bgcolor="#ffffff"|
! colspan="5"|[[Regular season]]
! rowspan="100" bgcolor="#ffffff"|
! colspan="5"|[[Playoffs]]
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! [[Season (sports)|Season]]
! Team
! League
! GP !! [[Goal (ice hockey)|G]] !! [[Assist (ice hockey)|A]] !! [[Point (ice hockey)|Pts]] !! [[Penalty (ice hockey)|PIM]]
! GP !! G !! A !! Pts !! PIM
|-
| 1903–04
| [[Brandon Wheat City Hockey Club|Brandon HC]]
| [[Manitoba & Northwestern Hockey Association|MNWHA]]
| 12 || 4 || 2 || 6 || —
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[List of Stanley Cup challenge games#1903–04|1903–04]]
| Brandon HC
| [[Stanley Cup|St-Cup]]
| — || — || — || — || —
| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[1905 CAHL season|1904–05]]
| [[Montreal Westmount]]
| [[Canadian Amateur Hockey League|CAHL]]
| 8 || 4 || 0 || 4 || —
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1906 ECAHA season|1905–06]]
| [[Montreal Wanderers]]
| [[Eastern Canadian Amateur Hockey Association|ECAHA]]
| 9 || 17 || 0 || 17 || 26
| 2 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 3
|-
| [[1907 ECAHA season|1906–07]]
| Montreal Wanderers
| ECAHA
| 9 || 11 || 0 || 11 || 11
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[List of Stanley Cup challenge games#1906–07|1906–07]]
| Montreal Wanderers
| St-Cup
| — || — || — || — || —
| 6 || 10 || 0 || 10 || 32
|-
| 1907–08
| Nelson Seniors
| BCHL
| — || — || — || — || —
| 2 || 1 || 0 || 1 || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| 1908–09
| [[Edmonton Hockey Club|Edmonton HC]]
| Exhib
| 1 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 3
| — || — || — || — || —
|- 
| 1908–09
| Nelson Pros
| Exhib
| 2 || 4 || 0 || 4 || 3
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[List of Stanley Cup challenge games#1908–09|1908–09]]
| Edmonton HC
| St-Cup
| — || — || — || — || —
| 2 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 3
|-
| [[1910 NHA season|1909–10]]
| [[Renfrew Creamery Kings]]
| [[National Hockey Association|NHA]]
| 12 || 24 || 0 || 24 || 25
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1911–12 PCHA season|1911–12]]
| [[Victoria Cougars|Victoria Senators]]
| [[Pacific Coast Hockey Association|PCHA]]
| 16 || 10 || 0 || 10 || 9
| — || — || — || — || —
|-  
| [[1912–13 PCHA season|1912–13]]
| Victoria Senators
| PCHA
| 15 || 14 || 5 || 19 || 12
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1913–14 PCHA season|1913–14]]
| [[Victoria Cougars|Victoria Aristocrats]]
| PCHA
| 9 || 5 || 5 || 10 || 0
| — || — || — || — || —
|-  
| [[List of Stanley Cup challenge games#1913–14|1913–14]]
| Victoria Aristocrats
| St-Cup
| — || — || — || — || —
| 3 || 2 || 0 || 2 || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1914–15 PCHA season|1914–15]]
| Victoria Aristocrats
| PCHA
| 17 || 12 || 5 || 17 || 15
| — || — || — || — || —
|-  
| [[1915–16 PCHA season|1915–16]]
| Victoria Aristocrats
| PCHA
| 18 || 13 || 11 || 24 || 27
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1916–17 PCHA season|1916–17]]
| [[Spokane Canaries]]
| PCHA
| 23 || 10 || 11 || 21 || 15
| — || — || — || — || —
|-  
| [[1917–18 PCHA season|1917–18]]
| [[Seattle Metropolitans]]
| PCHA
| 17 || 2 || 8 || 10 || 15
| 2 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 0
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1918–19 PCHA season|1918–19]]
| Victoria Aristocrats
| PCHA
| 9 || 2 || 5 || 7 || 0
| — || — || — || — || —
|-  
| [[1919–20 PCHA season|1919–20]]
| Victoria Aristocrats
| PCHA
| 11 || 2 || 2 || 4 || 3
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1920–21 PCHA season|1920–21]]
| Victoria Aristocrats
| PCHA
| 5 || 2 || 3 || 5 || 13
| — || — || — || — || —
|-  
| [[1921–22 PCHA season|1921–22]]
| Victoria Aristocrats
| PCHA
| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1925–26 WHL season|1925–26]]
| [[Victoria Cougars]]
| [[Western Canada Hockey League|WHL]]
| 23 || 5 || 8 || 13 || 20
| 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-  
| [[1926–27 NHL season|1926–27]]
| [[New York Rangers]]
| [[National Hockey League|NHL]]
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1927–28 NHL season|1927–28]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| — || — || — || — || —
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" | PCHA totals
! 142 !! 72 !! 55 !! 127 !! 109
! 2 !! 0 !! 1 !! 1 !! 0
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" | NHL totals
! 1 !! 0 !! 0 !! 0 !! 2
! 1 !! 0 !! 0 !! 0 !! 0
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" | St-Cup totals
! — !! — !! — !! — !! —
! 13 !! 13 !! 1 !! 14 !! —
|}
* <small>Stats from ''Total Hockey''<ref>{{harvnb|Diamond|2003|pp=782–783}}</ref></small>

===Coaching record===
{| BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="0" width="75%" style="text-align:center"
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;
! rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;
! colspan="5" | [[Regular season|Regular&nbsp;season]]
! rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff" | &nbsp;
! colspan="5" | [[Playoffs]]
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! [[Season (sports)|Season]]
! Team
! League
! GC !! W !! L !! T !! Finish
! GC !! W !! L !! T !! Result
|-
| [[1912 PCHA season|1912]]
| [[Victoria Cougars|Victoria Senators]]
| [[Pacific Coast Hockey Association|PCHA]]
| 16 || 7 || 9 || 0 || 3rd
| – || — || — || — || –
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1912–13 PCHA season|1912–13]]
| Victoria Senators
| PCHA
| 15 || 10 || 5 || 0 || 1st
| – || — || — || — || –
|-
| [[1913–14 PCHA season|1913–14]]
| [[Victoria Cougars|Victoria Aristocrats]]
| PCHA
| 15 || 10 || 5 || 0 || 1st
| 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || Lost Stanley Cup series
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1914–15 PCHA season|1914–15]]
| Victoria Aristocrats
| PCHA
| 17 || 4 || 13 || 0 || 3rd
| — || — || — || — || —
|-
| [[1915–16 PCHA season|1915–16]]
| Victoria Aristocrats
| PCHA
| 18 || 5 || 13 || 0 || 4th
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1916–17 PCHA season|1916–17]]
| [[Spokane Canaries]]
| PCHA
| 23 || 8 || 15 || 0 || 4th
| — || — || — || — || —
|-
| [[1917–18 PCHA season|1917–18]]
| [[Seattle Metropolitans]]
| PCHA
| 18 || 11 || 7 || 0 || 1st
| 2 || 0 || 1 || 1 || Lost in Final
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1918–19 PCHA season|1918–19]]
| Victoria Aristocrats
| PCHA
| 20 || 7 || 13 || 0 || 3rd
| — || — || — || — || —
|-
| [[1919–20 PCHA season|1919–20]]
| Victoria Aristocrats
| PCHA
| 22 || 10 || 12 || 0 || 3rd
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1920–21 PCHA season|1920–21]]
| Victoria Aristocrats
| PCHA
| 24 || 10 || 13 || 1 || 3rd
| — || — || — || — || —
|-
| [[1921–22 PCHA season|1921–22]]
| Victoria Aristocrats
| PCHA
| 24 || 11 || 12 || 1 || 3rd
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1922–23 PCHA season|1922–23]]
| [[Victoria Cougars]]
| PCHA
| 30 || 16 || 14 || 0 || 2nd
| 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || Lost in Final
|-
| [[1923–24 PCHA season|1923–24]]
| Victoria Cougars
| PCHA
| 30 || 11 || 18 || 1 || 3rd
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1924–25 WCHL season|1924–25]]
| Victoria Cougars
| [[Western Canada Hockey League|WCHL]]
| 28 || 16 || 12 || 0 || 3rd
| 8 || 5 || 1 || 2 || '''Won Stanley Cup'''
|-
| [[1925–26 WHL season|1925–26]]
| Victoria Cougars
| [[Western Canada Hockey League|WHL]]
| 30 || 15 || 11 || 4 || 3rd
| 7 || 2 || 3 || 2 || Lost in Stanley Cup Finals
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1926–27 NHL season|1926–27]]
| [[New York Rangers]]
| [[National Hockey League|NHL]]
| 44 || 25 || 13 || 6 || 1st, American
| 2 || 0 || 1 || 1 || Lost in semi-final
|-
| [[1927–28 NHL season|1927–28]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 44 || 19 || 16 || 9 || 2nd, American
| 9 || 5 || 3 || 1 || '''Won Stanley Cup'''
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1928–29 NHL season|1928–29]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 44 || 21 || 13 || 10 || 2nd, American
| 6 || 3 || 2 || 1 || Lost in Final
|-
| [[1929–30 NHL season|1929–30]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 44 || 17 || 17 || 10 || 3rd, American
| 4 || 1 || 2 || 1 || Lost semi-final
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1930–31 NHL season|1930–31]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 44 || 19 || 16 || 9 || 3rd, American
| 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || Lost in semi-final
|-
| [[1931–32 NHL season|1931–32]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 48 || 23 || 17 || 8 || 1st, American
| 7 || 3 || 4 || — || Lost in Final
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1932–33 NHL season|1932–33]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 48 || 23 || 17 || 8 || 3rd, American
| 8 || 6 || 1 || 1 || '''Won Stanley Cup'''
|-
| [[1933–34 NHL season|1933–34]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 48 || 21 || 19 || 8 || 3rd, American
| 2 || 0 || 1 || 1 || Lost in quarter-final
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1934–35 NHL season|1934–35]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 48 || 22 || 20 || 6 || 3rd, American
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || Lost in semi-final
|-
| [[1935–36 NHL season|1935–36]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 48 || 19 || 17 || 12 || 4th, American
| — || — || — || — || —
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1936–37 NHL season|1936–37]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 48 || 19 || 20 || 9 || 3rd, American
| 9 || 6 || 3 || — || Lost in Final
|-
| [[1937–38 NHL season|1937–38]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 48 || 27 || 15 || 6 || 2nd, American
| 3 || 1 || 2 || — || Lost in quarter-final
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[1938–39 NHL season|1938–39]]
| New York Rangers
| NHL
| 48 || 26 || 16 || 6 || 2nd, NHL
| 7 || 3 || 4 || — || Lost in semi-final
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" | PCHA totals
! 272 !! 120 !! 149 !! 3 !! —
! 7 !! 1 !! 5 !! 1 !! 
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" | WCHL/WHL totals
! 58 !! 31 !! 23 !! 4 !! —
! 15 !! 7 !! 4 !! 4 !! One Stanley Cup Win
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="3" | NHL totals
! 604 !! 281 !! 216 !! 107 !! —
! 65 !! 31 !! 26 !! 8 !! Two Stanley Cup Wins
|}

==See also==
*[[List of family relations in the NHL]]
*[[Patrick Arena]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{reflist|20em}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin|40em}}
* {{Citation|last=Anderson|first=Dave|date=April 3, 1961|title=The day the coach played goalie|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|volume=14|issue=3|pages=M3–M4}}
* {{Citation|last=Blumenstock|first=Kathy|date=October 5, 1982|title=Patrick Is Part Of Capitals' 'Fresh Start'|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|location=Washington|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1982/10/05/patrick-is-part-of-capitals-fresh-start/ea7982ee-7e5d-4fe3-8eff-06ff7fc5b0ad/|accessdate=December 30, 2023}}
* {{Citation|last1=Boucher|first1=Frank|author1-link=Frank Boucher|last2=Frayne|first2=Trent|title=When the Rangers Were Young|year=1973|publisher=Dodd, Mead & Company|location=New York City|isbn=0-396-06852-9}}
* {{Citation|last=Bowlsby|first=Craig H.|title=Empire of Ice: The Rise and Fall of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association, 1911–1926|publisher=Knights of Winter|location=Vancouver|year=2012|isbn=978-0-9691705-6-3}}
* {{Citation|last=Coleman|first=Charles L.|year=1964|title=The Trail of the Stanley Cup, Volume 1: 1893–1926 inc.|publisher=Kendall/Hunt Publishing|location=Dubuque, Iowa|oclc=957132}}
* {{Citation|last=Cosentino|first=Frank|author-link=Frank Cosentino|title=The Renfrew Millionaires: The Valley Boys of Winter 1910|publisher=General Store Publishing House|location=Burnstown, Ontario|year=1990|isbn=0-919431-35-6}}
* {{Citation|editor=Diamond|editor-first=Dan|title=Total Hockey: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Hockey League, Second Edition|date=2003|publisher=Total Sports Publishing|location=New York|isbn=1-894963-16-4}}
* {{Citation|last=Fischler|first=Stan|year=1976|title=Those Were The Days: The Lore of Hockey by the Legends of the Game|publisher=Dodd, Mead & Company|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-396-07015-9}}
* {{Citation|last1=Hardy|first1=Stephen|last2=Holman|first2=Andrew C.|title=Hockey: A Global History|year=2018|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=Champaign, Illinois|isbn=978-0-252-08397-6}}
* {{Citation|last1=Holzman|first1=Morey|last2=Nieforth|first2=Joseph|title=Deceptions and Doublecross: How the NHL Conquered Hockey|year=2002|publisher=Dundurn Press|location=Toronto|isbn=1-55002-413-2}}
* {{Citation|last=Jenish|first=D'Arcy|title=The NHL Centennial History: 100 Years of On-Ice Action & Boardroom Battles|publisher=Doubleday Canada|location=Toronto|year=2013|isbn=978-0-385-67146-0}}
* {{Citation |last=Jenish|first=D'Arcy|title=The Stanley Cup: A Hundred Years of Hockey at Its Best |year=1992 |publisher=McClelland & Stewart |location=Toronto |isbn=0-7710-4406-2}}
* {{Citation|last=Kitchen|first=Paul|title=Win, Tie, or Wrangle: The Inside Story of the Old Ottawa Senators 1883–1935|year=2008|publisher=Penumbra Press|location=Manotick, Ontario|isbn=978-1-897323-46-5}}
* {{Citation|last=MacLeod|first=Alan Livingstone|title=Capitals, Aristocrats, and Cougars: Victoria's Hockey Professionals, 1911–1926|publisher=Heritage House|location=Victoria|year=2021|isbn=978-1-77203-373-1}}
* {{Citation|last=McKinley|first=Michael|title=Hockey: A People's History|year=2009|publisher=McClelland & Stewart|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0-7710-5771-7}}
* {{Citation |last=McKinley |first=Michael |title=Putting a Roof on Winter: Hockey's Rise from Sport to Spectacle |year=2000 |publisher=Greystone Books |location=Vancouver |isbn=1-55054-798-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/puttingroofonwin0000mcki}}
* {{Citation|last=Norton|first=Wayne|title=Women on Ice: The Early Years of Women's Hockey in Western Canada|year=2009|publisher=Ronsdale Press|isbn=978-1-55380-073-6}}
* {{Citation|last=Ross|first=J. Andrew|title=Joining the Clubs: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945|year=2015|publisher=Syracuse University Press|location=Syracuse, New York|isbn=978-0-8156-3383-9}}
* {{Citation|last=Stott|first=Jon C.|year=2008|title=Ice Warriors: The Pacific Coast/Western Hockey League 1948–1974|publisher=Heritage House Publishing|location=Surrey, British Columbia|isbn=978-1-894974-54-7}}
* {{Citation|last=Svrluga|first=Barry|date=February 10, 2019|title=For hockey's royal family, Dick Patrick getting his name on Stanley Cup is final coronation|newspaper=Washington Post|location=Washington|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/capitals/for-hockeys-royal-family-dick-patrick-getting-his-name-on-stanley-cup-is-final-coronation/2019/02/10/b50dd630-249f-11e9-ad53-824486280311_story.html|accessdate=December 30, 2023}}
* {{Citation|work=The Montreal Gazette|title=Rangers won, 2-1: Lester Patrick Figured in Victory Over Americans|location=Montreal|date=March 21, 1927|url=https://news.google.ca/newspapers?nid=Fr8DH2VBP9sC&dat=19270321&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|ref={{SfnRef|The Montreal Gazette|1927|p=16}}}}
* {{Citation|last=Whitehead|first=Eric|title=Cyclone Taylor: A Hockey Legend|year=1977|publisher=Doubleday Canada|location=Toronto|isbn=0-385-13063-5}}
* {{Citation|last=Whitehead|first=Eric|title=The Patricks: Hockey's Royal Family|publisher=Doubleday|location=New York City|year=1980|isbn=0-385-15662-6}}
* {{Citation |last=Wong |first=John |title=The Patricks's Hockey Empire: Cultural Entrepreneurship and the Pacific Coast Hockey Association, 1911–1924 |journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport |year=2018 |volume=35 |issue=7–8 |pages=673–693 |doi=10.1080/09523367.2018.1540411 |s2cid=151023851}}
* {{Cite book|title=Lords of the Rinks |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8uKWKUOl5LkC&q=Lords%20of%20the%20Rinks&pg=PP1|publisher= University of Toronto Press|last=Wong |first=John Chi-Kit |year=2005 |isbn=0-8020-8520-2 }}
* {{Citation|last=Zweig|first=Eric|title=Art Ross: The Hockey Legend Who Built the Bruins|publisher=Dundurn Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4597-3040-3}}
* {{Citation|last=Zweig|first=Eric|title=Stanley Cup: 120 Years of Hockey Supremacy|year=2012|publisher=Firefly Books|location=Richmond Hill, Ontario|isbn=978-1-77085-104-7}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{icehockeystats|legendsm=P194704}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box | before = Position created | title = [[List of New York Rangers head coaches|Head coach of the New York Rangers]] | years = [[1926–27 NHL season|1926]]–[[1938–39 NHL season|39]] | after = [[Frank Boucher]] }}
{{Succession box | before = [[Conn Smythe]]| title = [[List of New York Rangers general managers|General Manager of the New York Rangers]] | years = [[1926–27 NHL season|1926]]–[[1945–46 NHL season|46]] | after = [[Frank Boucher]] }}
{{succession box | before = [[John S. Hammond]] | title = President of the [[New York Rangers]] | years = 1932–34 | after = [[John S. Hammond]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patrick, Lester}}
[[Category:1883 births]]
[[Category:1960 deaths]]
[[Category:Anglophone Quebec people]]
[[Category:Canadian ice hockey defencemen]]
[[Category:Canadian sportspeople of Irish descent]]
[[Category:Hockey Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Ice hockey people from Centre-du-Québec]]
[[Category:Ice hockey player-coaches]]
[[Category:McGill Redbirds and Martlets ice hockey players]]
[[Category:McGill University alumni]]
[[Category:Montreal Wanderers players]]
[[Category:National Hockey League executives]]
[[Category:New York Rangers executives]]
[[Category:New York Rangers general managers]]
[[Category:New York Rangers players]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States]]
[[Category:Ice hockey people from Drummondville]]
[[Category:Renfrew Hockey Club players]]
[[Category:Seattle Metropolitans players]]
[[Category:Spokane Canaries players]]
[[Category:Stanley Cup champions]]
[[Category:Stanley Cup championship–winning head coaches]]
[[Category:Victoria Aristocrats players]]
[[Category:Victoria Cougars (1911–1926) players]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian sportsmen]]