Editing Lew Archer

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Lew Archer
| image = 
| caption = 
| first = ''[[The Moving Target]]''
| last = ''The Blue Hammer''
| creator = [[Ross Macdonald]]
| portrayer = [[Paul Newman]]<br>[[Peter Graves]]<br>[[Brian Keith]]<br>[[Harris Yulin]]<br>[[James Faulkner (actor)|James Faulkner]]
| gender = Male
| occupation = Private detective
| nationality = American
| spouse = Sue Archer (divorced)
}}

'''Lew Archer''' is a fictional character created by American-Canadian writer [[Ross Macdonald]], a private detective working in Southern [[California]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Whodunit? : a who's who in crime & mystery writing|first=Rosemary|last=Herbert|date=1 January 2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0195157613|pages=[https://archive.org/details/whodunitwhoswhoi0000unse/page/10 10]|oclc=252700230|url=https://archive.org/details/whodunitwhoswhoi0000unse/page/10}}</ref> Between the late 1940s and the early '70s, the character appeared in 18 novels and a handful of shorter works as well as several film and television adaptations. Macdonald's Archer novels have been praised for introducing more literary themes and psychological depth to the [[hardboiled fiction]] genre. Critic [[John Leonard (critic)|John Leonard]] declared that Macdonald had surpassed the limits of crime fiction to become "a major American novelist",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.januarymagazine.com/crfiction/rossintro.html|title=Feature - Ross Macdonald Tribute|website=januarymagazine.com}}</ref> while author [[Eudora Welty]] was a fan of the series and carried on a lengthy correspondence with Macdonald.<ref>[[Louis Bayard]] (2015) [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/14/books/review-eudora-welty-and-ross-macdonald-conjoined-by-a-torrent-of-words.html?_r=0 Review: Eudora Welty and Ross Macdonald, Conjoined by a Torrent of Words], The New York Times 13 July 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2016</ref> The editors of ''Thrilling Detective'' wrote: "The greatest [[private investigator#Fiction|P.I.]] series ever written? Probably."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thrillingdetective.com/2018/10/02/lew-archer/|title=Lew Archer|website=thrillingdetective.com|date=2 October 2018 }}</ref>

==Profile==
Initially, Lew Archer was similar to (if not completely a derivative of) [[Philip Marlowe]], the pioneering sleuth created by [[Raymond Chandler]] in the 1930s. However, Macdonald eventually broke largely from that mold. Archer's principal difference from the tough Marlowe is that he is much more openly sensitive and empathetic. Also, whereas Chandler's books were primarily studies of Marlowe's character and code of honor, Macdonald used Archer as a lens to explore the relationships of the other characters in the novels. Macdonald wrote, "Certainly my narrator Archer is not the main object of my interest, nor the character with whose fate I am most concerned," nor the novels' "emotional center."<ref name="Macdonald1973"/>

Another difference was that Marlowe prowled the city of Los Angeles during the 1940s, while Archer followed the populace outward and primarily worked the suburbs in the 1950s.  Like Marlowe, Archer observes changing American society.  In 1962's ''[[The Zebra-Striped Hearse]]'', Archer hunts a missing girl who may be dead, possibly murdered.  His path repeatedly crosses a group of young surfers who own a [[hearse]] painted whimsically in zebra stripes.  To the youngsters, death is remote and funny.  To the world-weary detective, it's close and grim.

Lew Archer is largely a cipher, rarely described.  His background is most thoroughly explored in ''[[The Moving Target]]'': he got his training with the Long Beach, California, Police Department, but left (Archer himself says he was "fired") after witnessing too much corruption. Subsequent novels mentioned details of Archer's life only in passing. In ''Black Money'' (1966) Archer mentions that he's about 50 years old, thus born circa 1916. In ''[[The Doomsters]]'' a sheriff mocks his 6'2" and blue eyes.  As old failures plague him, we learn he once "took the strap away from my old man", that he was a troubled kid and petty thief redeemed by an old cop, that he sometimes drank too much, that his ex-wife's name is Sue, and he thinks of her often. During [[World War II]], he served in [[military intelligence]] in the [[United States Army]], again mentioned in ''The Doomsters''.

Archer is sometimes depressed, often world-weary. An almost Greek sense of tragedy pervades the novels as the sins of omission and crimes of sometimes-wealthy parents are frequently visited upon their children, young adults whom Archer tries desperately to save from disaster. This use of Greek drama was deliberate, as in ''The Galton Case'' (1959) being based on a loose interpretation of the [[Oedipus]] myth.<ref name="Macdonald1973">Macdonald, Ross (1973). On Crime Fiction. Santa Barbara : Capra Press, Series title: Yes! Capra chapbook series ; no. 11</ref> Tom Nolan in his ''Ross Macdonald, A Biography,''<ref>Tom Nolan, ''Ross Macdonald, A Biography'', Charles Scribner's Sons, 1999 {{ISBN|0-684-81217-7}}</ref> wrote of the author, "Gradually he swapped the hard-boiled trappings for more subjective themes: personal identity, the family secret, the family scapegoat, the childhood trauma; how men and women need and battle each other, how the buried past rises like a skeleton to confront the present. He brought the tragic drama of [[Sophocles]] and the psychology of [[Sophocles|Freud]] to detective stories, and his prose flashed with poetic imagery." Philosophical references underlined the thoughtful tone of the novels, with ''[[The Chill (Macdonald novel)|The Chill]]'' (1964) having mentions of [[Parmenides]], [[Heraclitus]] and [[Zeno's paradoxes#Achilles and the tortoise|Achilles and the tortoise]], while ''Black Money'' (1966) briefly discusses [[Henri Bergson]].

Two recurring characters of note are Arnie and Phyllis Walters, who appear in several of the novels and seem to enjoy a warm friendship with Archer. Arnie is a private detective in [[Reno, Nevada]], about 470 miles north of Los Angeles, where Archer's investigations sometimes lead, due to Nevada then both having some of the most liberal marriage and divorce laws in the nation and being one of the only states with legalized [[casino gambling]] (and its associated [[organized crime]] presence). 
 
Archer's name pays a double homage: first to [[Dashiell Hammett]] ("Miles Archer" was [[Sam Spade]]'s murdered partner in ''[[The Maltese Falcon (novel)|The Maltese Falcon]]''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kreyling |first=Michael |title=The Novels of Ross Macdonald |publisher=University of South Carolina Press |year=2005 |page=[https://archive.org/details/novelsofrossmacd0000krey/page/18 18] |url=https://archive.org/details/novelsofrossmacd0000krey |url-access=registration |isbn=1-57003-577-6}}</ref>), {{clarification needed span|text=while [[Lew Wallace]] was the author of the novel ''[[Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ|Ben Hur]]'' (1880).|reason=What does this have to do with it? No connection is established.|date=April 2025}}<ref>Tom Nolan, editor, ''Ross Macdonald: The Archer Files'', Vintage Crime/Black Lizard, Introduction: "Archer in Memory" p. xiii.</ref>

==Recognition==
According to a [[New York Times]] article, "some critics ranked him [Macdonald] among the best American novelists of his generation". William Goldman of the newspaper's Book Review section wrote that the Archer books were "the finest series of detective novels ever written by an American".<ref>[https://movies2.nytimes.com/books/first/n/nolan-macdonald.html Ross Macdonald - A Biography By Tom Nolan]</ref>

Over his career, Macdonald was presented with several awards, primarily for his Lew Archer series. In 1964, the [[Mystery Writers of America]] awarded the author the Silver Dagger award for ''The Chill''. Ten years later, he received the Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America, and in 1982 he received "The Eye", the Lifetime Achievement [[Shamus Award]] from the Private Eye Writers of America. In 1982, he was awarded the Robert Kirsch Award (the [[Los Angeles Times Book Prize]]) by the [[Los Angeles Times]] for "an outstanding body of work by an author from the West or featuring the West."<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1983/07/13/mystery-writer-ross-macdonald-67-dies/fe469a0f-ac64-4f37-a582-ae2656ce0d4d/ Mystery Writer Ross Macdonald, 67, Dies July 13, 1983]</ref>

==Books==

===Novels===
# ''[[The Moving Target]]'' (1949)
# ''[[The Drowning Pool]]'' (1950)
# ''[[The Way Some People Die]]'' (1951)
# ''[[The Ivory Grin]]'' (1952; aka ''Marked for Murder'')
# ''[[Find a Victim]]'' (1954)
# ''[[The Barbarous Coast]]'' (1956)
# ''[[The Doomsters]]'' (1958)
# ''[[The Galton Case]]'' (1959)<ref name=dl>{{cite news|last1=Fleming|first1=Mike Jr.|title=Warner Bros, Joel Silver Revive Ross Macdonald's Lew Archer Novel Series With 'The Galton Case'|url=https://deadline.com/2011/10/warner-bros-joel-silver-revive-ross-macdonalds-lew-archer-novel-series-with-the-galton-case-189129/|access-date=8 February 2016|work=Deadline Hollywood|publisher=Penske Business Media, LLC|date=31 October 2011}}</ref>
# ''[[The Wycherly Woman]]'' (1961)
# ''[[The Zebra-Striped Hearse]] '' (1962)
# ''[[The Chill (Macdonald novel)|The Chill]]'' (1964)
# ''[[The Far Side of the Dollar]]'' (1965)
# ''[[Black Money (novel)|Black Money]]'' (1966)
# ''The Instant Enemy'' (1968)
# ''The Goodbye Look'' (1969)
# ''The Underground Man'' (1971)
# ''[[Sleeping Beauty (Ross Macdonald novel)|Sleeping Beauty]]'' (1973)
# ''The Blue Hammer'' (1976)

===Short stories===
* "Find the Woman" (June 1946, EQMM)
* "The Bearded Lady" (American Magazine, October 1948)
* "The Imaginary Blonde" (February 1953, Manhunt; AKA Gone Girl)
* "The Guilty Ones" (May 1953, Manhunt; AKA The Sinister Habit)
* "The Beat-Up Sister" (October 1953, Manhunt; AKA The Suicide)
* "Guilt-Edged Blonde" (January 1954, Manhunt)
* "Wild Goose Chase" (Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, July 1954)
* "Midnight Blue" (October 1960, Ed McBain's Mystery Magazine)
* "The Sleeping Dog" (April 1965, Argosy)

:in three collections: ''[[The Name Is Archer]]'', ''Lew Archer, Private Investigator'', and ''Strangers in Town''

==Adaptations==

===Film===
The character has been adapted for visual media several times:
Two feature films starring [[Paul Newman]]<ref name=dl/> as "Lew ''Harper''":
*''[[Harper (film)|Harper]]''  (1966,<ref name=dl/> directed by [[Jack Smight]]) derived from the novel ''[[The Moving Target]]'' (1949)
*''[[The Drowning Pool (film)|The Drowning Pool]]''  (1975,<ref name=dl/> directed by [[Stuart Rosenberg]]) derived from the [[The Drowning Pool|novel of the same title]]
*''[[The Underground Man (1974 film)|The Underground Man]]''  (1974, directed by Paul Wendkos) a television movie starring [[Peter Graves (actor)|Peter Graves]].
*''Le Loup de la côte Ouest'' (2002, directed by [[Hugo Santiago]], based on the short story "Guilt-Edged Blonde") starring [[James Faulkner (actor)|James Faulkner]] as Lew ''Millar''. (Alternate Title: The Wolf of the West Coast)

[[Random House Studio|Random House Films]] made a deal in October 2011 to create a movie franchise of [[Ross Macdonald]]'s detective Lew Archer with [[Joel Silver|Silver Pictures]] and [[Warner Bros.]] Rights holder Stephen White and Random House Studio president Peter Gethers would be executive producers on the movies. This movie series would start adapting with the eighth book in the series, ''The Galton Case''.  From Silver Pictures, Andrew Rona and Alex Heineman will be executive producers with Joel Silver producing.<ref name=dl/>

===TV series===
''[[Archer (1975 TV series)|Archer]]'', a 1975 [[NBC]] TV series (NBC) starring [[Brian Keith]] based on the character.  It was cancelled after six episodes:
*"The Turkish Connection", aired 30 January 1975
*"The Arsonist", aired 6 February 1975
*"The Body Beautiful", aired 13 February 1975
*"Shades of Blue", aired 20 February 1975
*"The Vanished Man", aired 6 March 1975
*"Blood Money", aired 13 March 1975

=== Radio===
* "Sleeping Beauty", aired 1 January 1996 on [[NPR]] starring [[Harris Yulin]] as Archer
* "The Zebra Striped Hearse", produced by [[KCRW]] starring Harris Yulin as Archer

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://thrillingdetective.com/2018/10/02/lew-archer/ Lew Archer on ''ThrillingDetective.com'']
*[http://www.goodreads.com/series/61354-lew-archer Lew Archer series] at Good Reads.com

{{Ross Macdonald}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Archer, Lew}}
[[Category:Fictional American detectives]]
[[Category:Fictional private investigators]]
[[Category:Characters in American novels of the 20th century]]