Editing Library of Congress Control Number

{{Short description|Numbering system for catalog records}}{{Use American English|date=March 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}{{redirect|LCCN|the denomination|Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria}}

The '''Library of Congress Control Number''' ('''LCCN''') is a [[serial number|serially]] based system of numbering [[Cataloging (library science)|cataloged]] records in the [[Library of Congress]], in the United States. It is not related to the contents of any book, and should not be confused with [[Library of Congress Classification]] (LCC).

==History==

The LCCN numbering system has been in use since 1898, at which time the acronym LCCN originally stood for Library of Congress Card Number.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Types of Numbers Found in LC Catalog Records |url=https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/ui/en_US/htdocs/help/numbers.html#lccn |access-date=2021-01-18 |website=Library of Congress Catalog |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125021129/https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/ui/en_US/htdocs/help/numbers.html#lccn |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="structure">{{cite web |title=Structure of the LC Control Number |url=https://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn_structure.html |website=Network Development and MARC Standards Office |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=18 January 2021 |date=16 June 2006 |archive-date=February 24, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224213857/http://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn_structure.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It has also been called the Library of Congress Catalog Card Number, among other names. The Library of Congress prepared cards of bibliographic information for their [[library catalog]] and would sell duplicate sets of the cards to other libraries for use in their catalogs. This is known as centralized cataloging. Each set of cards was given a serial number to help identify it.

Although most of the bibliographic information is now electronically created, stored, and shared with other libraries, there is still a need to identify each unique record, and the LCCN continues to perform that function.

[[Librarian]]s all over the world use this unique [[identifier]] in the process of cataloging most books which have been published in the United States.  It helps them reach the correct cataloging data (known as a cataloging record), which the Library of Congress and third parties make available on the Web and through other media.

In February 2008, the Library of Congress created the LCCN Permalink service, providing a stable URL for all Library of Congress Control Numbers.<ref>{{cite web
| title=Library of Congress Update for 2008 ALA Annual Conference: January-May, 2008
| website=[[Library of Congress]]
| url=https://www.loc.gov/ala/an-2008-update.html
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828062550/http://www.loc.gov/ala/an-2008-update.html
| archive-date=2017-08-28
| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=General Questions About LCCN Permalink |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/#n1 |access-date=18 January 2021 |publisher=Library of Congress |archive-date=January 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119191010/https://lccn.loc.gov/#n1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Format==
In its most elementary form, the number includes a year and a serial number.  The year has two digits for 1898 to 2000, and four digits beginning in 2001.  The three ambiguous years (1898, 1899, and 1900) are distinguished by the size of the serial number.  There are also some peculiarities in numbers beginning with a "7" because of an experiment applied between 1969 and 1972 which added a [[check digit]].<ref name="structure"/>

Serial numbers are six digits long and should include [[leading zeros]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The LCCN Namespace |url=https://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn-namespace.html |website=Network Development and MARC Standards Office |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=18 January 2021 |date=10 November 2003 |archive-date=October 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030005608/http://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn-namespace.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The leading zeros padding the number are a more recent addition to the format, so many older works will show less-full codes. The [[hyphen]] that is often seen separating the year and serial number is optional. More recently, the Library of Congress has instructed publishers not to include a hyphen.

==See also==
* [[Accession number (library science)]]
* [[Authority control]]
* [[Books in the United States]]
* [[International Standard Book Number]] (ISBN)
* [[Library of Congress Subject Headings]]
* [[Virtual International Authority File]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikidata property|P1144|P244}}
* [https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names.html Library of Congress Name Authority File]
* {{Webarchive
| url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513035717/https://www.libraries.psu.edu/psul/cataloging/training/bpcr/010.html
| date=2016-05-13
| title=Bibliographic Processing Cataloging Rules: Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Library of Congress|Control Number]]
[[Category:Identifiers]]
[[Category:Library cataloging and classification]]