Editing Life of Pi

{{Short description|2001 novel by Yann Martel}}
{{about|the novel by Yann Martel|the film adaptation|Life of Pi (film){{!}}''Life of Pi'' (film)|the theatrical adaptation|Life of Pi (play){{!}}''Life of Pi'' (play)}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox book
| name              = Life of Pi
| title_orig        = Life of Pi
| translator        = 
| image             = Life of Pi cover.png
| caption           = ''Life of Pi'' cover
| author            = [[Yann Martel]]
| illustrator       = 
| cover_artist      = 
| country           = Canada
| language          = English
| series            = 
| genre             = [[Adventure fiction]]
| publisher         = [[Knopf Canada]]
| release_date      = September 11, 2001
| media_type        = 
| isbn              = 0-676-97376-0
| isbn_note         = (first edition, hardcover)
| oclc              = 46624335
| preceded_by       = [[Self (novel)|Self]]
| followed_by       = [[Beatrice and Virgil]]
| pages             = 356
}}
'''''Life of Pi''''' is a Canadian [[Philosophical fiction|philosophical novel]] by [[Yann Martel]] published in 2001. The protagonist is Piscine Molitor "Pi" Patel, an Indian boy from [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]], who explores issues of [[spirituality]] and [[metaphysics]] from an early age. After a [[shipwrecking|shipwreck]], he survives 227<!-- Pi 1 million years on the boat (ch. 63, 2nd ¶) --> days while stranded on a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with a [[Bengal tiger]] named Richard Parker and an orangutan named Orange Juice along with several other zoo animals, raising questions about the nature of reality and how it is perceived and told.

The novel has sold more than ten million copies worldwide.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2013-feb-18-la-et-mn-life-of-pi-20130218-story.html | title='Life of Pi' a surprise success story around the world | date=18 February 2013 | newspaper=Los Angeles Times| first=Daniel | last=Miller | access-date=7 January 2019 }}</ref> It was rejected by at least five London publishing houses<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/oct/24/bookerprize2002.awardsandprizes | title = Top publishers rejected Booker winner |author=Gibbons, Fiachra |date=24 October 2002 |work=The Guardian |location=UK |access-date=31 August 2010 }}</ref> before being accepted by [[Knopf Canada]], which published it in September 2001. Martel 
won the [[Man Booker Prize]] the following year.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.themanbookerprize.com/prize/books/42 | title = ''Life of Pi'' | publisher = [[Man Booker Prize]] | access-date = 31 August 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101202165343/http://themanbookerprize.com/prize/books/42 | archive-date = 2 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Canadian-wins-Booker-Prize-Life-of-Pi-is-tale-2780726.php | title = Canadian wins Booker Prize / 'Life of Pi' is tale of a boy who floats across the ocean from India |author=Kipen, David |date=23 October 2002 |work=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=31 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/donotmigrate/3584451/Life-of-Pi-wins-Booker.html | title = Life of Pi wins Booker |author=Reynolds, Nigel |date=30 September 2002 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |access-date=3 September 2010 }}</ref> It was also chosen for [[CBC Radio]]'s ''[[Canada Reads]]'' 2003, where it was championed by author [[Nancy Lee (writer)|Nancy Lee]].<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.cbc.ca/books/canadareads/prioryears.html#2003 | title = Canada Reads 2003 |publisher=[[Canada Reads]] |access-date=1 September 2010}}</ref>

The French translation ''L'Histoire de Pi'' was chosen in the French CBC version of the contest ''[[Le Combat des livres]]'', where it was championed by [[Louise Forestier]].<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/martel-seeks-quiet-of-saskatoon-1.565298 | title = Martel seeks quiet of Saskatoon |publisher=[[CBC News]] |access-date=1 September 2010}} </ref> The novel won the 2003 [[Exclusive Books Boeke Prize|Boeke Prize]], a South African novel award. In 2004, it won the [[Asian/Pacific American Awards for Literature|Asian/Pacific American Award for Literature]] in Best Adult Fiction for years 2001–2003.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.apalaweb.org/awards/awards0203.htm | title = Asian Pacific American Award for Literature (APAAL) 2001–2003 | publisher = [[Asian/Pacific American Awards for Literature|APAAL]] | access-date = 19 October 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090206160614/http://www.apalaweb.org/awards/awards0203.htm | archive-date = 6 February 2009}}</ref> In 2012 it was adapted into [[Life of Pi (film)|a feature film]] directed by [[Ang Lee]] with a screenplay by [[David Magee]].

In 2022, the novel was included on the "[[Big Jubilee Read]]" list of 70 books by [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] authors, selected to celebrate the [[Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2Ynpj933DJ2YG5nsMS6fn8k/a-literary-celebration-of-queen-elizabeth-iis-record-breaking-reign|title=The Big Jubilee Read: A literary celebration of Queen Elizabeth II's record-breaking reign|website=BBC|date=17 April 2022|access-date=15 July 2022}}</ref>

== Plot ==

The book begins with a note from the author, which is an integral part of the novel. Unusually, the note describes ''mostly'' fictional events. It serves to establish and enforce one of the book's main themes: the relativity of truth.

=== Part one ===

In the 1960s, the narrator, Piscine Molitor "Pi" Patel, grows up as the son of the manager of a zoo in [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]. While later recounting his life there, he offers insight on the antagonism of zoos and expresses his thoughts on why animals react less negatively than proponents of the idea suggest.

The narrator describes how he acquired his full name as a tribute to the [[Piscine Molitor|swimming pool in France]]. After schoolmates tease him by transforming his first name into "Pissing", he establishes the short form of his name as "[[Pi]]" when he starts secondary school. The name, he says, pays tribute to the [[transcendental number]] which is the ratio of the [[circumference]] of a circle to its diameter.

In recounting his experiences, Pi describes several other unusual situations involving proper names: two visitors to the zoo, one a devout Muslim, and the other a committed atheist, bear identical names; and a {{convert|450|lb|kg|abbr=off|adj=on}} Bengal tiger at the zoo bears the name Richard Parker as the result of a clerical error which switched the tiger's name with the name of his human captor.<ref>Martel, p. 14.</ref>

One day, Pi and his older brother Ravi are given an impromptu lesson on the dangers of the animals kept at the zoo. It opens with a goat being fed to another tiger, followed by a family tour of the zoo, during which his father explains the aggressive biological features of each animal.

Pi is raised as a [[Hindu]] and practices vegetarianism. At the age of fourteen, he investigates [[Christianity]] and [[Islam]], and decides to become an adherent of all three religions, much to his parents' dismay (and his religious mentors' frustration), saying he "just wants to love God".<ref>Martel, p. 69.</ref> He tries to understand God through the lens of each religion, and comes to recognize benefits in each.

A few years later in February 1976, during the period when Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] declares "[[The Emergency (India)|The Emergency]]", Pi's father decides to sell the zoo and emigrate with his wife and sons to Canada.

=== Part two ===

The second part of the novel begins in July 1977 with Pi's family aboard the ''[[Tsimtsum]]'', a Japanese freighter that is transporting animals from their zoo to North America. A few days out of port from [[Manila]], the ship encounters a storm and sinks. Pi manages to escape in a small lifeboat, only to learn that the boat also holds a [[spotted hyena]], an injured [[Grant's zebra]], and an [[orangutan]] named Orange Juice. Much to the boy's distress, the hyena kills the zebra and then Orange Juice. A tiger has been hiding under the boat's [[tarpaulin]]: it is Richard Parker, who had boarded the [[Lifeboat (rescue)|lifeboat]] with ambivalent assistance from Pi himself sometime before the hyena attack. Suddenly emerging from his hideaway, Richard Parker kills and eats the hyena.

Frightened, Pi constructs a small raft out of rescue flotation devices, tethers it to the bow of the boat, and makes it his place of retirement. He begins [[Classic Conditioning|conditioning]] Richard Parker to take a submissive role by using food as a positive reinforcer, and seasickness as a punishment mechanism, while using a whistle for signals. Soon, Pi asserts himself as the [[Dominance hierarchy|alpha animal]] and is eventually able to share the boat with his feline companion, admitting in the end that Richard Parker is the one who helped him survive his ordeal.

Pi recounts various events while adrift in the [[Pacific Ocean]]. At his lowest point, exposure renders him blind and unable to catch fish. During this period, he encounters another drifting boat with another castaway aboard; however, when they manage to connect their boats together, the other castaway attempts to murder Pi, only to be killed and eaten by Richard Parker. After this, Pi gradually recovers from his temporary blindness.

Sometime later, Pi's boat comes ashore on a floating island network of [[algae]] inhabited by hundreds of thousands of [[meerkats]]. Soon, Pi and Richard Parker regain strength, but the boy's discovery of the [[carnivorous algae|carnivorous]] nature of the island's plant life forces him to return to the ocean.

Two hundred and twenty-seven days after the ship's sinking, the lifeboat washes onto a beach in Mexico, after which Richard Parker disappears into the nearby jungle without looking back, leaving Pi heartbroken at the abrupt departure without even a farewell.

=== Part three ===

The third part of the novel describes a conversation between Pi and two officials from the Japanese Ministry of Transport, who are conducting an inquiry into the shipwreck. They meet him at the hospital in Mexico where he is recovering. Pi tells them his tale, but the officials reject it as unbelievable. Pi then offers them a second story in which he is adrift on a lifeboat not with zoo animals, but with a Taiwanese sailor with a broken leg, the ship's cook, and his own mother. The cook amputates the sailor's leg for use as fishing bait, and the sailor dies soon after. Pi and his mother are disgusted by the cook, but they cooperate with him to survive. However, after Pi fails to catch a turtle, the cook hits him, causing his mother to hit the cook in retaliation. They get into a violent fight, and the cook kills Pi's mother. Soon after, the cook is killed by Pi, who eats him.

The investigators note parallels between the two stories. They soon conclude that the hyena symbolizes the cook, the zebra the sailor, the orangutan Pi's mother, and the tiger represents Pi. Pi points out that neither story can be proven and neither explains the cause of the shipwreck, so he asks the officials which story they prefer: the one without animals or the one with animals. They finally choose the story with the animals. Pi thanks them and says: "And so it goes with God." The investigators then leave and file a report expressing belief in the first story.

== Inspiration ==

Martel said in a 2002 interview with PBS that he was "looking for a story… that would direct my life".<ref>{{cite interview |last= Martel |first= Yann |subject-link= Yann Martel |title = Conversation: Life of PI| url = https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/entertainment-july-dec02-martel_11-11/ |interviewer= [[Ray Suarez]] |work= [[PBS NewsHour]] |publisher= PBS |date= 11 November 2002 |access-date=16 January 2015}}</ref> He spoke of being lonely and needing direction in his life, and he found that writing the novel met this need.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/article817994.ece | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110905112739/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/article817994.ece | url-status = dead | archive-date = September 5, 2011 |last=Martel |first=Yann |author-link=Yann Martel | title = Triumph of a castaway adrift in the sea of his imagination |work=The Sunday Times |location=UK |access-date=19 October 2010 |date=27 October 2002}}</ref>

=== Richard Parker and shipwreck narratives ===

The name Richard Parker for the tiger was inspired by a character in [[Edgar Allan Poe]]'s nautical adventure novel ''[[The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket]]'' (1838). Richard Parker is a mutineer who is stranded and eventually cannibalized on the hull of an overturned ship, and there is a dog aboard who is named Tiger. Martel also had another occurrence in mind in the famous legal case ''[[R v Dudley and Stephens]]'' (1884), where a shipwreck again results in the cannibalism of a cabin boy named Richard Parker, this time in a lifeboat.<ref>[http://www.oldsaltblog.com/2012/07/nautical-coincidence-lifeboat-morality-richard-parker-and-the-mignonette/ Oldsaltblog.com]</ref> A third Richard Parker drowned in the sinking of the ''[[Francis Spaight]]'' in 1846, with a cabin boy cannibalized during an incident involving the same ship in 1835.<ref>{{cite book | last = Simpson | first = A. W. B. | author-link = A. W. B. Simpson | date = 1984 | title = Cannibalism and the Common Law: The Story of the Tragic Last Voyage of the Mignonette and the Strange Legal Proceedings to Which It Gave Rise | location = Chicago | publisher = University of Chicago Press | pages = 128–135 | isbn = 0-226-75942-3}}</ref> "So many victimized Richard Parkers had to mean something", Martel suggested.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.canongate.net/News/BehindLifeOfPi | title = Yann Martel on tigers, cannibals and Edgar Allan Poe |date=14 May 2002 |publisher=[[Canongate Books]] |access-date=1 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318173941/http://www.canongate.net/News/BehindLifeOfPi |archive-date=18 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.amazon.com/gp/feature.html?ie=UTF8&docId=309590 | title = How Richard Parker Came to Get His Name |author=Martel, Yann |author-link=Yann Martel |publisher=Amazon.com |access-date=1 September 2010}}</ref>

=== Moacyr Scliar ===

Martel has mentioned that a book review of Brazilian author [[Moacyr Scliar]]'s 1981 novella ''[[Max and the Cats]]'' accounts in part for his novel's premise. Scliar's story describes a Jewish German refugee crossing the Atlantic Ocean with a jaguar in his boat.<ref name="powells">{{cite web |url=http://www.powells.com/fromtheauthor/martel.html |title=From the Author&nbsp;– Yann Martel&nbsp;– Powell's Books |publisher=Powells.com |access-date=2012-12-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114040757/http://www.powells.com/fromtheauthor/martel.html |archive-date=14 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/11/books/books-of-the-times-fleeing-the-nazis-with-a-jaguar-that-may-be-real.html | title = Books of The Times; Fleeing the Nazis With a Jaguar That May Be Real | last=Mitgang | first=Herbert | author-link=Herbert Mitgang |date=11 July 1990 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2 September 2010}}</ref> Scliar said that he was perplexed that Martel "used the idea without consulting or even informing me," and indicated that he was reviewing the situation before deciding whether to take any action in response.<ref name="Rohter furor">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/06/books/tiger-in-a-lifeboat-panther-in-a-lifeboat-a-furor-over-a-novel.html?pagewanted=all |title=Tiger in a Lifeboat, Panther in a Lifeboat: A Furor Over a Novel |last=Rohter |first= Larry |author-link=Larry Rohter |date=11 July 1990 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Só um empréstimo? {{!}} O mote do livro que ganhou o Booker Prize é uma história do gaúcho Moacyr Scliar |trans-title=Just a loan? {{!}} The motto of the book that won the Booker Prize is a story by Moacyr Scliar from Rio Grande do Sul |url=http://veja.abril.com.br/061102/p_128.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225003141/http://veja.abril.com.br:80/061102/p_128.html |archive-date=December 25, 2014 |access-date=December 24, 2022 |website=[[Veja (magazine)|Veja.abril.com.br]] |language=Portuguese |date=November 6, 2002}}</ref> After talking with Martel, Scliar elected not to pursue the matter.<ref>{{cite interview |first=Moacyr |last=Scliar |subject-link=Moacyr Scliar |interviewer=Eleanor Wachtel |title=Writers & Company |publisher=CBC Radio 1 |date=16 July 2006}}</ref> A dedication to Scliar "for the spark of life" appears in the author's note of ''Life of Pi''. Literary reviews have described the similarities as superficial between ''Life of Pi'' and ''Max and the Cats''. Reviewer Peter Yan wrote: "Reading the two books side-by-side, one realizes how inadequate bald plot summaries are in conveying the unique imaginative impact of each book,"<ref name="BooksInCanada">{{cite web|url=http://www.booksincanada.com/article_view.asp?id=4377 |title=Review |publisher=Books in Canada |access-date=2012-12-30}}</ref> and noted that Martel's distinctive narrative structure is not found in Scliar's novella. The themes of the books are also dissimilar, with ''Max and the Cats'' being a metaphor for [[Nazism]].<ref name="SLC volue 29">{{cite journal|url=http://journals.hil.unb.ca/index.php/scl/article/view/12746/13689 |title="Hollow at the core": Deconstructing Yann Martel's Life of Pi &#124; Stratton &#124; Studies in Canadian Literature |journal=Studies in Canadian Literature |date=6 June 2004 |publisher=Journals.hil.unb.ca |access-date=2012-12-30|last1=Stratton |first1=Florence }}</ref> In ''Life of Pi'', 211 of 354 pages are devoted to Pi's experience in the lifeboat, compared to 17 of 99 pages in ''Max and the Cats'' depicting time spent in a lifeboat.<ref name="SLC volue 29" />

== Characters ==

=== Piscine Molitor "Pi" Patel ===
{{Quote box | align = right | width = 27em | border = 1px | quoted = true | quote = He acquires layer after layer of diverse spirituality and brilliantly synthesizes it into a personal belief system and devotional life that is breathtaking in its depth and scope. His youthful exploration into comparative religion culminates in a magnificent epiphany of sorts.|salign=right|source=—Phoebe Kate Foster of ''[[PopMatters]]''<ref name="Foster-PopMatters">{{cite news | url = http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/life-of-pi | title = Life of Pi: A Novel by Yann Martel | last = Foster | first = Phoebe Kate | date = 4 September 2002 | work = [[PopMatters]] | access-date = 27 August 2011 | location = London }}</ref> }}

Piscine Molitor Patel, known to all as just "Pi", is the narrator and protagonist of the novel. He was named after a [[Piscine Molitor|swimming pool in Paris]], despite the fact that neither his mother nor his father particularly liked swimming. The story is told as a narrative from the perspective of a middle-aged Pi, who is now married with a family and living in Canada. At the time of the main events of the story, he was sixteen years old. He recounts the story of his life and his 227-day journey on a lifeboat when the ship he sailed sinks in the middle of the Pacific Ocean during a voyage to North America.

=== Richard Parker ===
[[File:Panthera tigris7.jpg|thumb|upright|A [[Bengal tiger]]]]

Richard Parker is an adult Bengal tiger who is stranded on the lifeboat with Pi when the ship sinks. Richard Parker lives on the lifeboat with Pi and is kept alive with the food and water Pi delivers. Richard Parker develops a relationship with Pi that allows them to coexist in their struggle.

In the novel, a hunter named Richard Parker is hired to kill a panther that has been terrorising the people of a small village in Bangladesh and thought to have killed seven people within two months. Instead, he accidentally immobilizes a female Bengal tiger with tranquilizer darts while her cub is caught hiding in a bush. Parker names the cub Thirsty after his enthusiasm when drinking from a nearby river. The paperwork that accompanies the shipment of the two tigers to Pi's family's zoo in Pondicherry states that the cub's name is "Richard Parker" and the hunter's given name is "Thirsty" and his surname is "None Given", due to a mix-up with the names. Pi's father finds the story so amusing that they continue to call the tiger "Richard Parker".

== Themes ==

Martel has said that ''Life of Pi'' can be summarized in three statements: "Life is a story"; "You can choose your story"; "A story with God is the better story".<ref name="Yann Martel Interview">{{cite web|last=Renton|first=Jennie|title=Yann Martel Interview|publisher=Textualities|url=http://textualities.net/jennie-renton/yann-martel-interview/|access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> Reviewer Gordon Houser suggests that there are two main themes of the book: "that all life is interdependent, and that we live and breathe via belief."<ref name="Gordon Houser">{{cite journal|last=Houser|first=Gordon|title=The Life of Pi|journal=The Christian Century|year=2003|volume=120|number=3|page=34+|url=http://www.christiancentury.org/reviews/2011-04/life-pi-yann-martel|access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' reported on reviews from several publications with a rating scale for the novel out of "Love It", "Pretty Good", "Ok", and "Rubbish": ''[[The Guardian|Guardian]]'', ''[[The Times|Times]]'', ''[[The Independent|Independent]]'', ''[[The Spectator|Spectator]]'', and ''[[Literary Review]]'' reviews under "Love It" and
''[[Daily Telegraph]]'', ''[[Sunday Telegraph]]'', ''[[The Observer|Observer]]'', ''[[Sunday Times]]'', and ''[[Times Literary Supplement|TLS]]'' reviews under "Pretty Good".<ref>{{cite news |title=Books of the moment: What the papers say |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph/153128202/|access-date=19 July 2024 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=26 Oct 2002|page=60}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Books of the moment: What the papers say |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph/149290364/|access-date=19 July 2024 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=5 Oct 2002|page=60}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Books of the moment: What the papers say |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph/153128304/|access-date=19 July 2024 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=1 Jun 2002|page=57}}</ref> According to [[Book Marks]], the book received "rave" reviews based on eight critic reviews with five being "rave" and two being "positive" and one being "mixed".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life of Pi|url=https://bookmarks.reviews/reviews/life-of-pi/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website=Book Marks}}</ref> On [[Bookmarks (magazine)|Bookmarks]] November/December 2002 issue, a magazine that aggregates critic reviews of books, the book received a {{rating|4|5}} (4.0 out of 5) based on critic reviews with a critical summary saying, "Though some critics balked at the “baldly allegorical” nature of this story of a boy and the sea, this novel, an award winner in Canada, wins overall high marks".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life of Pi|pages=1|url=http://www.bookmarksmagazine.com/images3/BookmarksPressClippings.pdf|access-date=14 January 2023 |website=Bookmarks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070412055048/http://www.bookmarksmagazine.com/images3/BookmarksPressClippings.pdf|archive-date=12 Apr 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Life of Pi|pages=10|url=http://www.bookmarksmagazine.com/images3/BookmarksJanFebIssue.pdf|access-date=14 January 2023 |website=Bookmarks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040705030740/http://www.bookmarksmagazine.com/images3/BookmarksJanFebIssue.pdf|archive-date=5 Jul 2004}}</ref> ''ReviewofBooks'' said on the critics consensus, "Yann Martel is a master story teller and he weaves a tale that is entertaining and thought-provoking and at the end, he challenges you to believe it all. A top-notch read. From our review, "''Life of Pi'' is a delicious treat to savor".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life of Pi by Yann Martel|url=http://www.reviewsofbooks.com/life_of_pi/|access-date=14 January 2023 |website=ReviewofBooks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923054612/http://www.reviewsofbooks.com/life_of_pi/|archive-date=23 Sep 2015}}</ref> Globally, the work was received generally well with [[Complete Review]] saying on the consensus "Generally very impressed, and pleasantly surprised by how much he pulls off".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-04 |title=Life of Pi |url=https://www.complete-review.com/reviews/canada/martely2.htm |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Complete Review}}</ref>

Brian Bethune of ''[[Maclean's]]'' describes ''Life of Pi'' as a "head-scratching combination of dense religious allegory, zoological lore and enthralling adventure tale, written with warmth and grace".<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.macleans.ca/2010/04/13/the-missing-half-of-his-new-novel |title=The missing half of Yann Martel's new novel: His plan for his long-awaited follow-up to 'Life of Pi' didn't quite work out |author=Bethune, Brian |date=13 April 2010 |magazine=[[Maclean's]] |access-date=31 August 2010 }}</ref> ''Master Plots'' suggested that the "central themes of ''Life of Pi'' concern religion and human faith in God".<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Cockeram | first = Paul | title = Life of Pi | journal = Master Plots 4 Edition | pages = 1–3 | date = November 2010 }}</ref>
Reutter said, "So believable is Pi's story telling that readers will be amazed."<ref name=Reutter>{{cite journal|last=Reutter|first=Vicki|title=Martel, Yann. Life of Pi.|journal=School Library Journal|date=2004}}</ref> Gregory Stephens added that it "achieves something more quietly spectacular."<ref name=Stephens>{{cite web|last=Stephens|first=Gregory|title=Feeding tiger, finding God: science, religion, and 'the better story' in Life of Pi.|date=14 May 2013|volume=14|series=1|url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA243361283&v=2.1&u=va_s_098_0332&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w}}</ref> Jean Smith stated that there was "no bamboozlement here."<ref name=Smith>{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=Jean|title=Yann Martel. Life of Pi.|journal=The Review of Contemporary Fiction|year=2003|volume=23|issue=1}}</ref> Gary Krist of ''[[The New York Times]]'' praised the book, but added that at times Martel "pushes the didactic agenda of his story too hard."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/07/books/taming-the-tiger.html|title=Taming the Tiger|last=Krist|first=Gary|date=2002-07-07|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-03-07|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In 2010, [[U.S. President]] [[Barack Obama]] wrote a letter directly to Martel, describing ''Life of Pi'' as "an elegant proof of God, and the power of storytelling."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/books/life-of-pi-author-martel-hears-from-obama-90198067.html|title=Life of Pi author Martel hears from Obama|date=8 April 2010|work=[[Saskatoon StarPhoenix]]|publisher=[[Winnipeg Free Press]]|access-date=6 September 2011}}</ref>

== Adaptations ==

=== Illustrated edition ===

The first edition of Life of Pi was illustrated by Andy Bridge. In October 2005, a worldwide competition was launched to find an artist to illustrate ''Life of Pi''. The competition was run by Scottish publisher ''[[Canongate Books]]'' and UK newspaper ''[[The Times]]'', as well as Australian newspaper ''[[The Age]]'' and Canadian newspaper ''[[The Globe and Mail]]''. Croatian artist [[Tomislav Torjanac]] was chosen as the illustrator for the new edition, which was published in September 2007.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/fiction/article2452877.ece | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090521134054/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/fiction/article2452877.ece | archive-date=21 May 2009| title = Life of Pi: The Illustrated Edition by Yann Martel and Tomislav Torjanac |date=15 September 2007 |work=The Sunday Times |location=UK |access-date=19 October 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article705244.ece | archive-url = https://archive.today/20110616231204/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article705244.ece | url-status = dead | archive-date = 16 June 2011 | title = A brush with the art of Pi |date=15 April 2006 |work=The Sunday Times |location=UK |access-date=19 October 2010 |first=Yann |last=Martel}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/books/gallery/2007/sep/27/generalfiction?picture=330832892 | title = The Illustrated Life of Pi |date=27 September 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=UK |access-date=19 October 2010 }}</ref>

=== Film adaptation ===
{{main|Life of Pi (film){{!}}''Life of Pi'' (film)}}
A 2012 adaptation directed by [[Ang Lee]] and based on an adapted screenplay by [[David Magee]] was given a wide release in the United States on November 21, 2012. At the [[85th Academy Awards]], it won four awards from eleven nominations, including [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]].

=== Theatrical adaptations ===
This novel has also been adapted as a play by Keith Robinson, artistic director of the youth-oriented Twisting Yarn Theatre Company. Andy Rashleigh wrote the adaptation, which was directed by Keith Robinson. The premier/original cast contained only six actors&nbsp;– Tony Hasnath (Pi), Taresh Solanki (Richard Parker), Melody Brown (Mother), Conor Alexander (Father), Sanjay Shalat (Brother) and [[Mark Pearce (actor)|Mark Pearce]] (Uncle).<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.heraldscotland.com/life-of-pi-citizens-theatre-glasgow-1.854350 | title = Life of Pi, Citizens' Theatre, Glasgow |last=Cooper |first=Neil |date=15 March 2007 |newspaper=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] |access-date=19 October 2010}}</ref> The play was produced at the [[Bradford Alhambra|Alhambra Theatre]] in [[Bradford]], England, in 2003.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/features/A-remarkable-journey-from-novel.900083.jp | title = A remarkable journey from novel to stage |date=6 December 2004 |newspaper=[[Yorkshire Post]] |access-date=19 October 2010}}</ref> The company toured England and Ireland with the play in 2004 and 2007.

Keith Robinson also directed a second version of the play. He brought some of his company to work with students of the BA (Hons) Drama, Applied Theatre and Education Course at the [[Central School of Speech and Drama]]. The joint production was performed at the [[Minack Theatre]], in Cornwall, England, in late June 2008.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Production-goes-jugular/story-11470808-detail/story.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421122731/http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Production-goes-jugular/story-11470808-detail/story.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=21 April 2013 | title=Production which goes for the jugular | publisher=[[Northcliffe Media]] | work=This is Cornwall | date=18 June 2008 | access-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref>

{{main|Life of Pi (play){{!}}''Life of Pi'' (play)}}
A [[Life of Pi (play)|new adaptation]] by [[Lolita Chakrabarti]] premiered at the [[Crucible Theatre]], [[Sheffield]], in June 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/2019/life-of-pi-review-at-crucible-theatre-sheffield-pure-theatrical-magic/ | title=Life of Pi review at Crucible Theatre, Sheffield – 'pure theatrical magic' | work=The Stage | access-date=18 July 2019 }}</ref> It was directed by Max Webster, with puppetry and movement directed by Finn Caldwell. Unanimously well received by critics,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-48925006/ |title='It's a hit' - five-star reviews for Life of Pi on stage in Sheffield |work=BBC News |date=10 July 2019 }}</ref> the play opened in November 2021 at [[Wyndham's Theatre]], [[West End theatre|West End]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.delfontmackintosh.co.uk/whats-on/life-of-pi/|title=Delfont Mackintosh Theatres}}</ref> In [[2022 Laurence Olivier Awards|2022]], the production won 5 [[Olivier awards|Olivier Awards]] including [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play|Best New Play]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-10 |title=Olivier awards 2022: the full list of winners |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2022/apr/10/olivier-awards-2022-the-full-list-of-winners |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> and subsequently extended to October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-06 |title=Life of Pi extends booking to 30th October 2022 |url=https://www.londonboxoffice.co.uk/news/post/life-of-pi-extends-oct-2022 |access-date=2022-05-20 |website=London Box Office |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |author-link=Brian Busby |last=Busby |first=Brian | title = Character Parts: Who's Really Who in CanLit |location=Toronto |publisher=Knopf |year=2003 |isbn=0-676-97579-8}}
* {{cite news |last=Davies |first=Hugh | title = £50,000 Booker winner 'stole idea from Brazilian author' |date=September 2002 |publisher=Telegraph Group | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/1412682/50000-Booker-winner-stole-idea-from-Brazilian-author.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/1412682/50000-Booker-winner-stole-idea-from-Brazilian-author.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |location=London}}{{cbignore}}
* {{cite journal |title=Yann Martel's Life of Pi and the Evolution of the Shipwreck Narrative |first=June |last=Dwyer |journal=Modern Language Studies |volume=35 |issue=2 |year=2005 |pages=9–21 |doi=10.2307/30039823 |jstor=30039823}}
* {{cite news | title = May Richard Parker be always at your side |date=November 2002 |work=The Guardian |location=UK | url = http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,6000,848131,00.html }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Fialkoff |first=Francine | title = Too Sensitized to Plagiarism? |date=December 2002 |magazine=Library Journal | url = http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA263159.html}}
* {{cite news |last=McMurtrie |first=John | title = French director swept away by 'Life of Pi' |date=October 2005 |work=San Francisco Chronicle | url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/10/13/DDGVAF6PQ733.DTL }}
* {{cite news |last=Varughese |first=Samson |title=Does "The Life of Pi" Prove the existence of God? |date=February 2013 |work=TheMinistryRookie.com |url=http://www.theministryrookie.com/2013/02/25/does-the-life-of-pi-prove-the-existence-of-god/ |access-date=19 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812201635/http://www.theministryrookie.com/2013/02/25/does-the-life-of-pi-prove-the-existence-of-god/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://textualities.net/writers/features-h-m/martely01.php Jennie Renton Interview textualities.net] "Life is a story. You can choose your story. A story with God is the better story."
* [http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,848131,00.html Guardian Q&A]
* [http://www.radio.cz/en/article/39593 Interview on Radio Praha]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110521073502/http://themanbookerprize.com/perspective/articles/103 The story behind the Illustrated ''Life of Pi'']

; Reviews
* [http://books.guardian.co.uk/reviews/generalfiction/0,6121,721434,00.html ''The Guardian'' review by Justine Jordan]
* [http://www.lrb.co.uk/v24/n22/wood02_.html ''London Review of Books'']
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2314089.stm BBC News Entertainment]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140811130024/http://funbench.com/life-of-pi-a-review/ Movie Review of ''Life Of Pi'' at Funbench.com]
* [http://www.hackwriters.com/pi.htm Dan Schneider at Hack Writers]

{{Booker Prize}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Life Of Pi}}
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