Editing Limonoid

{{Short description|Class of chemical compounds}}
[[Image:Limonin.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of the prototypical limonoid [[limonin]]]]

'''Limonoids''' are [[phytochemicals]] of the [[triterpenoid]] class which are abundant in sweet or sour-scented [[citrus]] fruit and other plants of the families [[Cucurbitaceae]], [[Rutaceae]], and [[Meliaceae]].<ref>{{cite journal
| author = Amit Roy and Shailendra Saraf
| year = 2006
| title = Limonoids: Overview of Significant Bioactive Triterpenes Distributed in Plants Kingdom
| journal = Biol. Pharm. Bull.
| volume = 29
| issue = 2
| pages = 191–201
| pmid = 16462017 
| doi = 10.1248/bpb.29.191
| url = http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/29/2/191/_pdf
| doi-access = free
}}</ref> Certain limonoids are [[antifeedant]]s such as [[azadirachtin]] from the [[neem]] tree.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Biological activity of limonoids from the rutales|journal=Phytochemistry|volume=31|pages=377–394|author=Donald E.Champagne |author2=Opender Koul |author3=Murray B. Isman |author4=Geoffrey G. E.Scudder |author5=G. H. Neil Towers |year=1992|issue=2|doi=10.1016/0031-9422(92)90003-9}}</ref>

Chemically, the limonoids consist of variations of the [[furanolactone]] core structure.  The prototypical structure consists of four six-membered rings and a [[furan]] ring.  Limonoids are classed as [[tetranortriterpenoid|tetranortriterpenes]].

== Citrus ==
[[Citrus]] fruits contain the limonoids [[limonin]], [[nomilin]] and [[nomilinic acid]], while both neem seeds and leaves contain the limonoid [[azadirachtin]], although higher concentrations are present in the former.

== Chisocheton erythrocarpus ==
Eight previously unknown limonoids were identified via [[spectroscopy]] in the fruits of ''[[Chisocheton erythrocarpus]]'' gathered in Malaysia. These compounds were dubbed erythrocarpines after the species epithet.
The same study tested several preparations of ''C. erythrocarpus'' extract as [[Larvicide|larvicidal]] agent against ''[[Aedes aegypti]]'' mosquitoes;  they found that 1000 ppm of [[Dichloromethane|DCM]] extract resulted in 100% mortality of larva 24 hours after exposure.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ngadni |first=Muhammad Afiq |last2=Chong |first2=Soon-Lim |last3=Hazni |first3=Hazrina |last4=Asib |first4=Norhayu |last5=Ishak |first5=Intan Haslina |last6=Mohmad Misnan |first6=Norazlan |last7=Supratman |first7=Unang |last8=Awang |first8=Khalijah |date=2024-06-01 |title=Limonoids from the fruits of Chisocheton erythrocarpus and their mosquito larvicidal activities |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942224001298 |journal=Phytochemistry |volume=222 |pages=114092 |doi=10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114092 |issn=0031-9422|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Tetranortriterpenoid]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Terpenes and terpenoids]]
[[Category:3-Furyl compounds]]
[[Category:Lactones]]