Editing Linaceae

{{Short description|Family of flowering plants}}{{More citations needed|date=March 2025}}{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Linum_pubescens.jpg
|image_caption = ''Linum pubescens''
|taxon = Linaceae
|authority = [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]] ex [[Karl Julius Perleb|Perleb]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |id=IKUJLKJKJH05–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|subdivision_ranks = Genera
|subdivision = See text
}}

'''Linaceae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s. The family is [[cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]], and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the '''Linoideae''' and '''Hugonioideae'''.

== Description ==
The leaves of the Linaceae are always simple; arrangement varies from alternate (most species) to opposite (in ''[[Sclerolinon]]'' and some ''[[Linum]]'') or whorled (in some ''[[Hesperolinon]]'' and ''[[Linum]]'' species). The [[hermaphroditic]], [[actinomorphic]] flowers are [[Pentamery (botany)|pentameric]] or, very rarely, [[tetramery (botany)|tetramer]]ic (e.g., ''[[Radiola linoides]]'', ''[[Linum keniense]]'').

== Taxonomy ==
Under the old [[Cronquist system]] of classifying the flowering plants, the Linaceae were placed in their own [[order (biology)|order]], the [[Linales]]. Modern classifications place them in the order [[Malpighiales]].

In addition to their growth habits and geographic distributions, the two subfamilies can be differentiated by the number of fertile stamens (five in the Linoideae, ten in the Hugonioideae) and fruit type (capsules in the Linoideae, fleshy drupe-like fruits in the Hugonioideae).

=== Subfamily Linoideae ===
The largest genus of the Linoideae is ''[[Linum]]'', the flaxes, with 180–200 species including the cultivated [[flax]], ''L.&nbsp;usitatissimum''. Members of the Linoideae include [[herbaceous]] annuals and perennials, as well as woody subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees (''[[Tirpitzia]]'') inhabiting temperate and tropical latitudes of Eurasia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas.
*''[[Anisadenia]]'' Wall. ex Meisn. (2 sp.)
*''[[Hesperolinon]]'' (Gray) Small (13 sp.)
*''[[Linum]]'' L. (approximately 200 species)
*''[[Radiola (plant)|Radiola]]'' Hill (1 sp.)
*''[[Reinwardtia]]'' Dumort. (1 sp.)
*''[[Sclerolinon]]'' C.M.Rogers (1 sp.)
*''[[Tirpitzia]]'' Hallier f. (3 sp.)

Formerly included: ''Cliococca'' (synonym of ''Linum''&nbsp;L.)<ref>{{cite web |title=''Cliococca'' Bab. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:24929-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=28 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Subfamily Hugonioideae ===
The Hugonioideae subfamily is often recognized as a distinct family, the '''Hugoniaceae'''.

The largest genus of the Hugonioideae is ''Hugonia'' (about 40 species); the Hugonioideae are woody vines, shrubs, and trees, and are almost entirely tropical in distribution.
*''[[Hebepetalum]]'' Benth. (3 sp.)
*''[[Hugonia]]'' l. (6 sp.)
*''[[Indorouchera]]'' Hallier f. (1 sp.)
*''[[Roucheria]]'' Planch. (7 sp.)

Formerly included: ''Durandea'' (synonym of Hugonia&nbsp;L.)<ref>{{cite web |title=''Durandea'' Planch. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331579-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=28 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and ''Philbornea'' (synonym of Hugonia&nbsp;L.)<ref>{{cite web |title=''Philbornea'' Hallier f. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:24957-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=28 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.topwalks.net/plants/generos/linaceae.htm Linaceae in Topwalks]
* [http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/malpighialesweb.htm#Linaceae Angiosperm Phylogeny Website entry for Linaceae]
* [http://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/BotDermFolder/LINA.html Linaceae] in [http://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/index.html BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database]

{{Angiosperm families}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q155951}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Linaceae| ]]
[[Category:Malpighiales families]]