Editing Lineo

{{More citations needed|date=August 2007}}
{{distinguish|Linaro}}
{{Short description|Embedded DOS and Linux company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019|cs1-dates=y}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Lineo
| logo = Lineo-Logo.png
| logo_size = 
| logo_alt = Lineo logo
| logo_caption = Lineo logo
| logo_padding = 
| image = 
| image_size = 
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = 
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = <!-- Use ISO 639-1 code, e.g. "fr" for French. For multiple names in different languages, use {{lang|[code]|[name]}}. -->
| former_name = 
| type = 
| industry = [[Computer software]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1999|07|20|df=yes}}
| founder = <!-- or: | founders = -->
| hq_location = 
| hq_location_city = 
| hq_location_country = [[United States]]
| area_served = <!-- or: | areas_served = -->
| key_people = Roger Alan Gross,<br/>[[Bryan Wayne Sparks]],<br />Brad Walters<ref name="SEC" />
| products = Embedix, [[DR-DOS]]
| num_employees = 14 (<!-- July -->1999)<br/>50 (<!-- January -->2000)<ref name="Collins_2000"/><br/>350<!-- peak --> (ca. 2001)
| num_employees_year =
| revenue =
| brands = 
| services = 
| website = <!-- or: | homepage = --><!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
}}
'''Lineo''' was a [[thin client]] and [[embedded system]]s company spun out of '''Caldera Thin Clients''' by 20 July 1999.<ref name="Caldera_1999_Lineo"/><ref name="Smith_1999_Lineo"/><ref name="OS_Linux"/><ref name="LWN_1999_Timeline"/><ref name="Richardson_1999_Ball"/>

== History ==
Caldera Thin Clients, Inc., had been created as a subsidiary of [[Caldera (company)|Caldera, Inc.]], on 2 September 1998.<ref name="Caldera_1998_Subsidiaries"/> Caldera Thin Clients' original president and CEO was Roger Alan Gross,<ref name="Caldera_1998_Subsidiaries"/> who resigned in January 1999. In April 1999, Caldera Thin Clients released the no longer needed sources to [[GEM (desktop environment)|GEM]] and [[ViewMAX]] under the [[GNU General Public License]] (GPL).<ref name="Jemmett_1999"/>

In July 1999, [[Caldera Thin Clients]] decided on a major refocus on [[Linux]] and consequently changed its name to Lineo.<ref name="Richardson_1999_Ball"/>

Lineo licensed a stripped down [[OpenLinux]] distribution from [[Caldera Systems, Inc.|Caldera Systems]] and named it Embedix.<ref name="Richardson_1999_Ball"/> They continued to maintain the former Caldera Thin Clients sales office in [[Taipei]] in 1999. In January 2000, Lineo reincorporated in [[Delaware]].

Lineo's technologies fully owned were well ahead of competitors' products in the [[embedded system]] portion.<ref name="Richardson_1999_Ball"/> These technologies included:
* Rt-Control provided [[μClinux]] - a version of Linux for [[microcontroller]]s, such as the Motorola [[Motorola 68000 series|68k]]/[[NXP ColdFire|ColdFire]] line, [[Intel i960|i960]], [[ARM architecture family|ARM7]], and [[ETRAX CRIS]] chips. With these [[Microprocessor|chips]] lacking [[Memory management unit|MMU]] and thus unable to provide [[computer multitasking|multi-tasking]] capabilities, [[uClinux]] was able to run full-featured in as little as 150&nbsp;[[kilobyte|KB]] of [[random-access memory|RAM]] with a 1&nbsp;[[megabyte|MB]] [[Read-only memory|ROM]] chip.
* FirePlug - Linux-based projects, such as their Linux [[Firewall (computing)|firewall]] built on the ThinLinux product, which ran in as little as 2&nbsp;MB of disk/flash storage and 8&nbsp;MB RAM.
* Embedix - Lineo's [[Flagship#Flagship in language|flagship]] product that ran a complete multitasking, networked Linux operating system in 2&nbsp;MB of ROM/[[Flash memory|flash]] and 4&nbsp;MB of RAM.
* Embedix [[Software development kit|SDK]] and the [[Embrowser]] - a fully graphical [[web browser]] for embedded systems.<ref name="Lineo_2000_Flyer"/> Embrowser was Lineo's port of the 32-bit [[DOS Protected Mode Interface|Extended DOS]]-based browser [[DR-WebSpyder]], originally based on the [[Arachne (web browser)|Arachne]] browser.

This combination of technologies allowed Caldera Thin Clients to offer a full [[Linux]] [[operating system]] with a graphical browser that could run off a [[floppy disk]].<ref name="Caldera_1998_WS20-Floppy"/><ref name="Caldera_1998_DLWS20"/>{{clarify|date=May 2014|reason=This floppy-only setup worked with DR-DOS and DR-WebSpyder, but did it still work with Embedix and Embrowser?}} More importantly the product was unique, and this came from the fact that Lineo's view on the Linux [[embedded system|embedded]] market was different from other vendors.<ref name="Richardson_1999_Ball"/><ref name="Lehrbaum_2000_Sparks"/> All the other vendors believed that Linux was heavily fragmented and that the solution was to offer Linux features for real time OSes, that is a Linux [[API]] for some other OSes. [[Red Hat]] with its EL/IX created a [[Kernel (operating system)|kernel]] independent [[software framework|framework]] (API) which allowed some Linux software to run on the [[eCos]] kernel. Lineo did not agree with this assessment and believed the API offered far more advantages and allowed for a fully [[Computer security|hardened]] system, that is, Lineo utilized a custom Linux kernel. Through the six companies Lineo acquired, they were able to extend the same Linux technology across multiple chip architectures and add real-time capabilities. The acquisitions gave broader Linux support, from very small [[microcontroller]]s, through traditional platforms like [[x86]], and up to [[high end]], [[high availability]] systems.<ref name="Lehrbaum_2000_Sparks"/>

Lineo's president and CEO, when it reformed under the new name, became [[Bryan Wayne Sparks]],<ref name="Caldera_1999_Lineo"/> who also had been one of the original founders of Caldera, Inc., in 1994. At the time of its creation, Lineo had 14 employees.

Lineo's main product was [[Embedix]], a lightweight [[Linux]] distribution for embedded systems, licensed from [[Caldera Systems]], Inc., another subsidiary of Caldera, Inc.<ref name="Caldera_1999_Lineo"/><ref name="Caldera_1998_Subsidiaries"/><ref name="Richardson_1999_Ball"/>

Another product was [[DR-DOS]], a [[DOS]]–compatible [[operating system]], previously developed by [[Caldera UK Ltd.]] between 1996 and 1999 and originally acquired from [[Novell]] by Caldera, Inc., on 23 July 1996.<ref name="Leon_1996_Caldera"/><ref name="Richardson_1999_Ball"/>

Through its acquisitions Lineo also had a range of products in many different product categories.

Through a series of acquisitions and mergers, Lineo eventually ballooned to a peak of about 350 employees, with offices in seven countries. The companies that it acquired or merged with were:

* Zentropix – realtime Linux specialists
* Rt-Control Inc. – uClinux creators, very small board (uCdimm) vendors
* Moreton Bay – VPN/Router vendor (located in Brisbane, Australia)
* United Systems Engineering (USE) – Japanese Linux consulting company
* Fireplug – Canadian Linux consulting company (ThinLinux product)
* Inup – High availability Linux
* Embedded Power Corporation – Realtime and [[Digital Signal Processor|DSP]] OS (RTXC product)

== Decline ==
In October 2001, Lineo refreshed and expanded a free license for the redistribution and modification of original Digital Research binaries and sources related to [[CP/M]] and [[MP/M]] through "The Unofficial CP/M Web site"<ref name="Sparks_2001_CP/M"/><ref name="Chaudry_2001_CP/M"/><ref name="Gasperson_2001_Collection"/><ref name="Swaine_2004_CP/M"/> a license originally issued by Caldera in 1997.<ref name="Olmstead_1997_1"/><ref name="Olmstead_1997_2"/><ref name="Caldera_1997_CP/M"/>

After some assets were auctioned off in April 2002, by July 2002 the company had reformed as [[Embedix (company)|Embedix]], Inc.<ref name="Correia_2002"/> under the lead of Matthew R. Harris, formerly a Summit Law attorney for Caldera, Inc. However, Embedix, Inc. was short-lived and ceased to exist later that year, when the [[Embedix]] division was purchased and absorbed by [[Motorola]]'s [[Metrowerks]].<ref name="Metrowerks_2002"/><ref name="Metrowerks_2002_Embedix"/><ref name="Metrowerks_2002_Web"/>

The remaining Digital Research assets fell back to the investor [[Canopy Group]], and parts of the DR-DOS sources were acquired by [[DeviceLogics]] in <!-- Sources differ: October or November -->2002.

Parts of the embedded modules and uClinux software assets (formerly Rt-Control Inc.) were acquired by Arcturus Networks Inc. in 2002.<ref name="uClinux"/>

The router division (formerly Moreton Bay) spun out as SnapGear, and was later acquired by CyberGuard and then [[Secure Computing]], and Secure Computing was acquired by [[McAfee]] and as of 2008 was still producing the SnapGear brand of VPN/routers.

Lineo Japan, a former Japanese acquisition and at one time wholly owned subsidiary, United System Engineers,<ref name="USE"/> Inc. (USE), now trades as Lineo Solutions.

== See also ==
* [[Caldera Systems Smallfoot]]
* [[HP Jornada X25]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Caldera_1999_Lineo">{{cite web |author=Caldera, Inc. |author-link=Caldera (company) |title=((Embedded Linux moved to top priority at Lineo, Inc. formerly known as Caldera Thin Clients, Inc.)) |type=Press release |date=1999-07-20 |location=Lindon, UT, USA |url=http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Info/fullstory/lineoprl.html |access-date=2017-06-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625000805/http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Info/fullstory/lineoprl.html |archive-date=2017-06-25}}</ref>
<ref name="SEC">{{cite web |title=SEC Form S-1 filing |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1112479/000091205700025509/0000912057-00-025509.txt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225234034/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1112479/000091205700025509/0000912057-00-025509.txt |archive-date=2022-02-25}}</ref>
<ref name="Smith_1999_Lineo">{{cite web |title=Caldera Thin Clients renamed to focus on embedded Linux - Lineo, Lineo -- wherefore art thou, Lineo? |author-first=Tony |author-last=Smith |date=1999-07-20 |website=[[The Register]] |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/1999/07/20/caldera_thin_clients_renamed/ |access-date=2018-02-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822205953/https://www.theregister.co.uk/1999/07/20/caldera_thin_clients_renamed/ |archive-date=2018-08-22}}</ref>
<ref name="OS_Linux">{{cite web |title=Development of Linux |date=2020-01-08 |orig-year=2004-04-03 |author=SB |work=Operating system documentation project |url=http://www.operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/bs-linux.htm |access-date=2020-02-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002225628/https://www.operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/bs-linux.htm |archive-date=2019-10-02}}</ref>
<ref name="LWN_1999_Timeline">{{cite web |title=1998 in review |work=[[Linux Weekly News]] |publisher=[[Eklektix, Inc.]] |url=https://lwn.net/1999/features/1998timeline/ |access-date=2020-02-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012063638/http://lwn.net/1999/features/1998timeline/ |archive-date=2019-10-12}}</ref>
<ref name="Caldera_1998_Subsidiaries">{{cite web |author=Caldera |author-link=Caldera (company) |title=Caldera Creates Two {{sic|hide=y|Wholly|-}}Owned Subsidiaries |type=Press release |date=1998-09-02 |publisher=[[PRNewswire]] |location=Orem, UT, USA |url=http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=15948 |access-date=2017-06-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624234105/http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/caldera-creates-two-wholly-owned-subsidiaries-156626585.html |archive-date=2017-06-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Lehrbaum_2000_Sparks">{{cite web |title=An interview with Lineo CEO, Bryan Sparks |author-last=Lehrbaum |author-first=Rick |date=2000-05-23 |publisher=LinuxDevices.com |url=http://www.linuxdevices.com/articles/AT8410267191.html |access-date=2008-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001025055221/http://linuxdevices.com/articles/AT8410267191.html |archive-date=2000-10-25}}</ref>
<ref name="uClinux">{{cite web |title=uClinux/uCsimm originators form new startup - News - Linux for Devices |url=http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/uClinuxuCsimm-originators-form-new-startup/ |access-date=2013-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128055445/http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/uClinuxuCsimm-originators-form-new-startup/ |archive-date=2013-01-28}}</ref>
<ref name="USE">{{cite web |title=United System Engineers - Lineo@Linux |url=http://www.lineo.co.jp/eng/index.html |access-date=2007-06-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130100311/http://www.lineo.co.jp/eng/index.html |archive-date=2010-01-30}}</ref>
<ref name="Caldera_1998_WS20-Floppy">{{cite web |title=Download Caldera DR-WebSpyder 2.0 Today! The complete Web browser and E-mail client that fits on one 1.44 MB diskette! |publisher=[[Caldera, Inc.]] |date=1998 |url=http://www.calderathin.com/products/drwebspyder/tryout.html |access-date=2020-02-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990508061810/http://www.calderathin.com/products/drwebspyder/tryout.html |archive-date=1999-05-08}}</ref>
<ref name="Caldera_1998_DLWS20">{{cite web |title=Download Caldera DR-WebSpyder 2.0 |publisher=[[Caldera Thin Clients, Inc.]] |date=1998-05-10 |orig-year=1998-02-17 |url=https://geekhaus-space-prod-shared.ams3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/mirrors/legacy.archive.browsers.evolt.org/dr-webspyder/2.0/DRWEBDEM.EXE |access-date=2020-02-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208192217/https://geekhaus-space-prod-shared.ams3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/mirrors/legacy.archive.browsers.evolt.org/dr-webspyder/2.0/DRWEBDEM.EXE |archive-date=2020-02-08}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20170312220606/http://browsers.evolt.org/browsers/archive/dr-webspyder/2.0/<!-- https://browsers.evolt.org/browsers/archive/dr-webspyder/2.0/ -->][https://archive.org/download/dr-webspyder-evolt_browsers/2.0/][https://web.archive.org/web/20200208202248/https://geekhaus-space-prod-shared.ams3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/mirrors/legacy.archive.browsers.evolt.org/dr-webspyder/2.0/download.html<!-- https://geekhaus-space-prod-shared.ams3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/mirrors/legacy.archive.browsers.evolt.org/dr-webspyder/2.0/download.html -->][https://archive.org/download/dr-webspyder-evolt_browsers/2.0/DRWEBDEM.EXE]<!-- [http://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/public/Mirrors/ftp.caldera.com/pub/drwebspyder/] --> (NB. [[Self-extracting archive]] DRWEBDEM.EXE ({{val|1387560}} bytes) contains DRWEBDEM.IMG, a bootable 1.44&nbsp;MB floppy disk image file.)</ref>
<ref name="Correia_2002">{{cite web |author-first=Edward J. |author-last=Correia |title=Lineo Is Now Embedix - New company releases SDK, dumps RTXC |publisher=[[SD Times]]: Software Development News |date=2002-07-01 |url=http://www.sdtimes.com/SearchResult/26605 |access-date=2012-04-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407072220/http://www.sdtimes.com/SearchResult/26605 |archive-date=2012-04-07}}</ref>
<ref name="Metrowerks_2002">{{cite journal |journal=Linux Devices |title=SPECIAL REPORT: Motorola/Metrowerks acquires embedded Linux pioneer Lineo |date=2002-12-17 |url=http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/SPECIAL-REPORT-MotorolaMetrowerks-acquires-embedded-Linux-pioneer-Lineo/ |access-date=2013-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128002713/http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/SPECIAL-REPORT-MotorolaMetrowerks-acquires-embedded-Linux-pioneer-Lineo/ |archive-date=2013-01-28}}</ref>
<ref name="Leon_1996_Caldera">{{cite news |title=Caldera reopens 'settled' suit, buys DR DOS — Antitrust suit against Microsoft |author-first=Mark |author-last=Leon |series=News |date=1996-07-29 |newspaper=[[InfoWorld]] |publisher=[[InfoWorld Publishing Co.]] |volume=18 |issue=31 |issn=0199-6649 |page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jj0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3 |access-date=2020-02-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208123222/https://books.google.de/books?id=Jj0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport&hl=de |archive-date=2020-02-08}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Jj0EAAAAMBAJ/page/n6/mode/1up]; {{cite news |title=Caldera reopens 'settled' suit, buys DR DOS — Microsoft's response: lawsuit is 'ironic and sad' |author-first=Mark |author-last=Leon |date=1996-07-29 |newspaper=[[Computerworld New Zealand]] |issn=0113-1494 |id=CMPWNZ |volume=<!-- different from US issue --> |number=<!-- different from US issue --> |publisher=[[IDG Communications]] |url=https://www.computerworld.co.nz/article/519730/caldera_reopens_settled_suit_buys_dr_dos/ |access-date=2018-02-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823043437/https://www.computerworld.co.nz/article/519730/caldera_reopens_settled_suit_buys_dr_dos/ |archive-date=2018-08-23}} <!-- This article cannot be found in the US issue of Computerworld |issn=0010-4841 |volume=30 |number=31 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrz6PIR7f0oC --></ref>
<ref name="Metrowerks_2002_Embedix">{{cite web |title=Metrowerks to Expand Embedded Linux Tools and Solutions Offerings Through Embedix Asset Acquisition - Company to Add Embedix Tools and Technology to Integrated Development Platforms for PDAs, Smart Handheld Devices, Residential Gateways, Digital TVs |date=2002-12-17 |location=Austin, TX & Lindon, UT, USA |publisher=[[Metrowerks]] |url=http://www.metrowerks.com/mw/news/default.asp?PR=430 |access-date=2002-12-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021223063123/http://www.metrowerks.com/mw/news/default.asp?PR=430 |archive-date=2002-12-23}}</ref>
<ref name="Metrowerks_2002_Web">{{cite web |title=Embedix Technology |publisher=[[Metrowerks]] |date=2002-12-23 |url=http://www.metrowerks.com/MW/Develop/Embedded/Emb_Linux/Strategy.htm |access-date=2002-12-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021223215036/http://www.metrowerks.com/MW/Develop/Embedded/Emb_Linux/Strategy.htm |archive-date=2002-12-23}}</ref>
<ref name="Olmstead_1997_1">{{cite newsgroup |author-first=Tim |author-last=Olmstead |author-link=Tim Olmstead (CP/M) |title=CP/M Web site needs a host |date=1997-08-10 |newsgroup=comp.os.cpm |url=https://z80cpu.eu/files/archive/news/comp.os.cpm/threads/e088021c97ffcb09.html |access-date=2018-09-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901022510/http://z80cpu.eu/files/archive/news/comp.os.cpm/threads/e088021c97ffcb09.html |archive-date=2017-09-01}}</ref>
<ref name="Olmstead_1997_2">{{cite newsgroup |author-first=Tim |author-last=Olmstead |author-link=Tim Olmstead (CP/M) |title=ANNOUNCE: Caldera CP/M site is now up |date=1997-08-29 |newsgroup=comp.os.cpm |url=https://z80cpu.eu/roche-pages/78-data-articles/projects/75-comp-os-cpm |access-date=2018-09-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901150920/http://z80cpu.eu/roche-pages/78-data-articles/projects/75-comp-os-cpm |archive-date=2017-09-01}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20011006110826/http://cdl.uta.edu/cpm]</ref>
<ref name="Caldera_1997_CP/M">{{cite web |title=License Agreement |publisher=[[Caldera, Inc.]] |date=1997-08-28 |url=http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/archive/unofficial/lisence.html |access-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180908191417/http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/archive/unofficial/lisence.html |archive-date=2018-09-08  }} [ftp://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/pub/pc/caldera/cpm2.2/README.license.txt]{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [ftp://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/pub/pc/caldera/cpm2.2/]</ref>
<ref name="Sparks_2001_CP/M">{{cite web |title=License agreement for the CP/M material presented on this site |author-first=Bryan Wayne |author-last=Sparks |author-link=Bryan Wayne Sparks |editor-first=Gabriele "Gaby" |editor-last=Chaudry |date=2001-10-19 |publisher=[[Lineo, Inc.]] |url=http://www.cpm.z80.de/license.html |access-date=2015-09-14 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180908185132/http://www.cpm.z80.de/license.html |archive-date=2018-09-08  |quote=[…] Let this email represent a right to use, distribute, modify, enhance and otherwise make available in a nonexclusive manner the [[CP/M]] technology as part of the "Unofficial CP/M Web Site" with its maintainers, developers and community. I further state that as Chairman and CEO of Lineo, Inc. that I have the right to do offer such a license. […] [[Bryan Wayne Sparks|Bryan Sparks]] […] }}</ref>
<ref name="Chaudry_2001_CP/M">{{cite web |title=The Unofficial CP/M Web Site |editor-first=Gabriele "Gaby" |editor-last=Chaudry |url=http://www.cpm.z80.de/ |access-date=2016-02-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203184144/http://www.cpm.z80.de/ |archive-date=2016-02-03}}</ref>
<ref name="Gasperson_2001_Collection">{{cite web |title=CP/M collection is back online with an Open Source licence - Walk down memory lane |author-first=Tina |author-last=Gasperson |work=[[The Register]] |date=2001-11-26 |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/11/26/cp_m_collection_is_back/ |access-date=2017-09-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901000720/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/11/26/cp_m_collection_is_back/ |archive-date=2017-09-01}}</ref>
<ref name="Swaine_2004_CP/M">{{cite journal |title=CP/M and DRM |author-first=Michael |author-last=Swaine |author-link=Michael Swaine (technical author) |date=2004-06-01 |journal=[[Dr. Dobb's Journal]] |volume=29 |issue=6 |id=#361 |publisher=[[CMP Media LLC]] |pages=71–73 |url=http://www.drdobbs.com/cpm-and-drm/184405699 |access-date=2018-09-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909035748/http://www.drdobbs.com/cpm-and-drm/184405699 |archive-date=2018-09-09}} [https://epdf.pub/dr-dobbs-journal-june.html]</ref>
<ref name="Jemmett_1999">{{cite web |work=Deltasoft - GEM News |title=Caldera releases GEM under the GPL |date=April 1999 |author-first=Ben A. L. |author-last=Jemmett |url=http://www.deltasoft.com/news.htm |access-date=2016-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107145947/http://www.deltasoft.com/news.htm |archive-date=2016-11-07 |quote=Caldera Thin Clients, Inc. released the source code for [[Graphics Environment Manager|GEM]] and [[ViewMAX]] under the [[GNU General Public License|GNU Public License]] in mid April, following years of speculation over GEM's future. [[Caldera, Inc.|Caldera]] bought the GEM sources from [[Novell]] along with the [[DR-DOS]] in 1996<!-- correct: 1996, not 1997! -->, at the time noting that they may develop GEM into a platform for mobile computers and thin clients. However, these plans were dropped, and GEM was instead released into the open-source community.}}</ref>
<ref name="Richardson_1999_Ball">{{cite magazine |title=Interview: Lyle Ball, Lineo |editor-first=Marjorie "Margie" |editor-last=Richardson |author-first=Lyle |author-last=Ball |author-link=Lyle Ball |date=1999-10-01 |orig-year=1999-08-04 |magazine=[[Linux Journal]] |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3656 |access-date=2019-06-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213160947/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3656 |archive-date=2017-12-13 |quote=[…] We […] have very deep experience with embedding [[DR&nbsp;DOS]], and we've been making millions from that. So we are in a unique position: we are not a startup and we have funding. Our DOS product paid for all our [[R&D]] on embedded [[Linux]]. […] we are […] evolving our focus from an embedded DOS-only company to an [[embedded Linux]] company. […]}}</ref>
<ref name="Collins_2000">{{cite web |title=Settlement fuels Caldera 'family' - Orem company is 'settling up' with spinoffs thriving |date=2000-01-16 |newspaper=[[Deseret News]] |author-first1=Lois M. |author-last1=Collins |author-first2=Jenifer |author-last2=Nii |url=https://www.deseret.com/2000/1/16/19486018/settlement-fuels-caldera-family-br-orem-company-is-settling-up-with-spinoffs-thriving |access-date=2019-11-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191130200831/https://www.deseret.com/2000/1/16/19486018/settlement-fuels-caldera-family-br-orem-company-is-settling-up-with-spinoffs-thriving |archive-date=2019-11-30}}</ref>
<ref name="Lineo_2000_Flyer">{{cite web |title=embedix Browser - Internet connectivity for set-top boxes, kiosks and hand-held devices |type=Product flyer |publisher=Lineo, Inc. |date=2000-04-26 |id=BREMBRW02.qxd |url=http://www.lineo.com/downloads/brochures/embedix_browser_brochure.pdf |access-date=2019-07-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816224853/http://www.lineo.com/downloads/brochures/embedix_browser_brochure.pdf |archive-date=2000-08-16}} (2 pages)</ref>
}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite web |title=Lineo acquires USE, Inc. |location=Lindon, Utah, USA |type=Press release |publisher=[[PRNewswire]] |url=http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=52321 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503051636/http://www2.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=52321 |archive-date=2012-05-03}}
* {{cite web |title=Lineo's acquisitions and IPO plans |url=http://news.cnet.com/Embedded-Linux-firm-Lineo-plans-IPO/2100-1001_3-240842.html}}
* {{cite web |title=SEC filing for Lineo IPO |url=http://www.secinfo.com/dRqWm.51bwb.8.htm}}
* {{cite web |title=((Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement - Lineo Inc. and Caldera Systems Inc.)) |date=2000-01-06 |via=FindLaw |url=https://corporate.findlaw.com/contracts/planning/stock-purchase-and-sale-agreement-lineo-inc-and-caldera.html |access-date=2019-11-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219062335/http://corporate.findlaw.com/contracts/planning/stock-purchase-and-sale-agreement-lineo-inc-and-caldera.html |archive-date=2017-12-19}}

== External links ==
* Lineo, Inc. (archived web site {{mono|calderathin.com}} from [https://web.archive.org/web/19991012115941/http://www.calderathin.com/index.html 1999-10-12]{{cbignore}} to [https://web.archive.org/web/19991105022455/http://www.calderathin.com/index.html 1999-11-05]{{cbignore}}, {{mono|lineo.com}} from [https://web.archive.org/web/20000510191730/http://www.lineo.com 2000-05-10]{{cbignore}} to [https://web.archive.org/web/20030320173318/http://www.lineo.com/ 2003-03-20]{{cbignore}} and {{mono|embedix.com}} from [https://web.archive.org/web/20020603015608/http://www.embedix.com/ 2002-06-03]{{cbignore}} to [https://web.archive.org/web/20030220201424/http://www.embedix.com/ 2003-02-20]{{cbignore}})
* [http://www.lineo.co.jp/modules/english/ Lineo Solutions, Inc.]{{cbignore}} (archived web site {{mono|lineo.co.jp}} from [https://web.archive.org/web/20030409160748/http://www.lineo.co.jp/eng/index.html 2003-04-09]{{cbignore}} to [https://web.archive.org/web/20180805232430/http://www.lineo.co.jp/modules/english/ 2018-08-05]{{cbignore}})

[[Category:Defunct software companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Software companies established in 1999]]
[[Category:Software companies disestablished in 2002]]
[[Category:Defunct companies based in Utah]]
[[Category:Defunct companies based in Delaware]]
[[Category:Linux companies]]
[[Category:Caldera (company)]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in Utah]]
[[Category:2002 disestablishments in Utah]]

[[de:Lineo]]