Editing List of German expressions in English

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The English language has incorporated various [[loanword]]s, terms, phrases, or quotations from the German language. A loanword is a word borrowed from a donor language and incorporated into a recipient language without translation. It is distinguished from a calque, or loan translation, where a meaning or idiom from another language is translated into existing words or roots of the host language. Some of the expressions are relatively common (e.g., ''[[hamburger]]''), but most are comparatively rare. In many cases, the loanword has assumed a meaning substantially different from its German forebear.

English and German both are [[West Germanic languages]], though their relationship has been obscured by the [[Lexicon|lexical]] influence of [[Old Norse]] and [[Norman French]] (as a consequence of the [[Norman conquest of England]] in 1066) on English as well as the [[High German consonant shift]]. In recent years, however, many English words have been borrowed directly from German. Typically, English spellings of German loanwords suppress any [[Germanic umlaut|umlauts]] (the superscript, double-dot [[diacritic]] in ''[[Ä]]'', ''[[Ö]]'', ''[[Ü]]'', ''ä'', ''ö'', and ''ü'') of the original word or replace the umlaut letters with ''Ae'', ''Oe'', ''Ue'', ''ae'', ''oe'', ''ue'', respectively (as is done commonly in German speaking countries when the umlaut is not available; the origin of the umlaut was a superscript E).

German words have been incorporated into English usage for many reasons:
*German cultural artifacts, especially foods, have spread to English-speaking nations and often are identified either by their original German names or by German-sounding English names.
*Developments and discoveries in German-speaking nations in science, [[scholarly method|scholarship]], and classical music have led to German words for new concepts, which have been adopted into English: for example the words ''[[doppelgänger]]'' and ''[[angst]]'' in psychology.
*Discussion of German history and culture requires some German words.
*Some German words are used in English narrative to identify that the subject expressed is in German, e.g., ''Frau'', ''Reich''.

As languages, English and German descend from the common ancestor language West Germanic and further back to [[Germanic languages|Proto-Germanic]]; because of this, some English words are essentially identical to their German lexical counterparts, either in spelling (''Hand'', ''Sand'', ''Finger'') or pronunciation ("fish" = ''Fisch'', "mouse" = ''Maus''), or both (''Arm'', ''Ring''); these are excluded from this list.

German common nouns fully adopted into English are in general not initially capitalized, and the German letter "[[ß]]" is generally changed to "ss".

== German terms commonly used in English ==
Most of these words will be recognized by many English speakers; they are commonly used in English contexts. Some, such as ''wurst'' and ''pumpernickel'', retain German connotations, while others, such as ''lager'' and ''hamburger'', retain none. Not every word is recognizable outside its relevant context. A number of these expressions are used in American English, under the influence of German immigration, but not in British English.

=== Food and drink ===
{{Main|List of German dishes|Austrian cuisine|Swiss cuisine}}
*[[Altbier]]—a copper coloured, malt-forward, clean and crisp tasting, lighter-bodied beer with moderate bitterness from Rhineland.
*[[Berliner Weisse]] (German spelling: ''Berliner Weiße'')—a [[sour beer]] often infused with fruit syrup.
*[[Biergarten]]—an open-air drinking establishment.
*[[Bock]]—a strong beer.
*[[Braunschweiger (sausage)|Braunschweiger]]—a liverwurst cold-cut (though, in Germany, ''Braunschweiger'' describes a smoked ground beef sausage).
*[[Bratwurst]] (also [[wikt:brat#Noun|brat]])—a type of frying sausage.
*[[Budweiser]]—a beer, named after Budweis, the German name of [[České Budějovice|Budějovice]], a city in Southern [[Bohemia]].
*[[Bundt cake]] (from ''Bundkuchen''; in German: a ''Gug(e)lhupf'')—a ring cake.
*[[Delicatessen]] (German spelling: ''Delikatessen'')—a speciality food retailer; fine foods. 
*[[Dunkel]] (also Dunkles)—a dark beer.
*[[Emmental cheese|Emmentaler]] (also Emmental)—a yellow, [[medium-hard cheese|medium-hard]] [[List of Swiss cheeses|Swiss cheese]] that originated in the area around [[Emmental]], [[Canton Bern]].
*[[Hot dog|Frankfurter]] (also frank or frankfurt)—a type of sausage.
*[[Gose]]—a top-fermenting [[sour beer]] that originated in [[Goslar]], Germany.
*[[Grodziskie|Grätzer]]—a beer style named after Grätz, the German name of [[Grodzisk Wielkopolski]], a city in Greater Poland
*[[Gugelhupf]]—a type of cake with a hole in the middle.
*[[Gummi bear]] (in German: ''Gummibär'', but the product is only known as ''Gummibärchen'' (diminutive))—the non-Anglicized spelling of ''gummy bear.''
*[[Hamburger]]—a sandwich with a meat patty and garnishments.
*[[Hasenpfeffer]]—a type of rabbit (or hare) stew.
*[[Wheat beer|Hefeweizen]]—an unfiltered wheat beer (containing yeast).
*[[Helles]] (also Hell)—a pale lager beer.
*[[Jagertee]] (from Austrian-Bavarian dialects; German spelling: ''Jägertee'')—an alcoholic beverage made by mixing overproof [[rum]] with [[black tea]], [[red wine]], [[Slivovitz|plum brandy]], [[orange juice]], and various [[spices]].
*[[Kaiser roll]]—a round bread roll, originally from Austria.
*[[Kellerbier]]—a lager beer, which is typically neither clarified nor pasteurised.
*[[Kinder Surprise]] (also known as a "Kinder Egg")—a chocolate egg containing a small toy, usually requiring assembly (in Germany: ''Überraschungsei'' and ''Kinder-Überraschung''). However, despite being a German word, the [[Kinder Chocolate|Kinder chocolate]] brand is actually of Italian origin.
*[[Croissant|Kipfel]] (also kipferl)—a horn-shaped type of pastry.
*[[Kirschwasser]]—a spirit drink made from cherries (hard liquor / booze).
*[[Knackwurst]]—a cooked sausage.
*[[Kohlrabi]]—a type of cabbage (aka "cabbage turnip").
*[[Kölsch (beer)|Kölsch]]—a beer style from [[Cologne]].
*[[Kommissbrot]]—a dark type of German bread, baked from rye and other flours.
*[[Lager]]—a beer made with bottom-fermenting yeast and stored for some time before serving (in Germany: an ''Export'').
*[[Leberwurst]]—a pork-liver sausage.
*[[Liptauer]]—a spicy [[cheese spread]] made with [[sheep milk cheese]], [[goat cheese]], [[quark cheese|quark]], or [[cottage cheese]], after Liptau, the German name of [[Liptov]], a region in northern [[Slovakia]].
*[[Märzen]] (also Märzenbier)—a medium to full body lager beer.
*[[Maß]]—a unit of volume used for measuring beer; typically {{convert|1|L}}, but probably evolved from the old Bavarian unit of measure (''Maßeinheit'') called ''Quartl'' (quart).
*[[Mozartkugel]], (literally "Mozart ball")—a small, round [[confectionery|sugar confection]] made of [[pistachio]] [[marzipan]], and [[nougat]], covered with [[Couverture chocolate|dark chocolate]].
*[[Muesli]]—a breakfast cereal. ([[Swiss German]] spelling: ''Müesli'', standard German: ''Müsli'')
*[[Noodle]] (from German ''Nudel'')—a type of food; a string of pasta.
*[[Pfeffernüsse]]—peppernuts.
*[[Pilsener]] (also Pils or Pilsner)—a pale lager beer named after Pilsen, the German name of [[Plzeň]], a city in Western [[Bohemia]]; contains higher amounts of hops than usual Lager (or ''Export'') beer, and therefore is a tad more bitter.
*[[Powidl]]—a spread made from plums.
*[[Pretzel]] (standard German spelling: Brezel or Breze)—a flour and yeast-based pastry.
*[[Pumpernickel]]—a type of sourdough rye bread, strongly flavored, dense, and dark in color.
*[[Quark (cheese)|Quark]]—a type of fresh cheese (curd).
*[[Radler]]—a mixture of beer and [[lemonade]].
*[[Rollmops]]—a rolled, pickled herring fillet.
*[[Saaz hops|Saaz]]—a [[List of hop varieties|variety]] of [[hops]] named after Saaz, the German name of [[Žatec]], a city in Northwestern [[Bohemia]].
*[[Sauerkraut]] (also [[Kraut]], which in German would mean [[cabbage]] in general)—fermented cabbage.
*[[Schnapps]] (German spelling: ''Schnaps'')—a distilled alcoholic drink (hard liquor, booze).
*[[Schwarzbier]]—a dark lager beer.
*[[Seltzer water|Seltzer]]—[[carbonated water]], a genericized trademark that derives from the German town [[Selters (Taunus)|Selters]], which is renowned for its [[mineral springs]].
*[[Spritzer]] (from ''spritzen'' meaning "to spray"; the term is most commonly used in Vienna and its surroundings; in German: ''(Wein-)Schorle'', rarely ''Gespritzter'')—a chilled drink from white wine and soda water.
*[[Beer stein|Stein]] (from ''Steingut'' meaning "earthenware", referring to the material; in German: ''Steinkrug'', literally earthenware jug)—a large drinking mug, usually for beer.
*[[Streusel]]—a crumb topping on a cake.
*[[Strudel]]—a filled pastry (e.g., [[Apfelstrudel]], [[milk-cream strudel]]).
*[[wiktionary:de:süffig|Süffig]]—a beverage that is especially light and sweet or palatable; only the latter meaning is connoted with German ''süffig''.
*[[Tafelspitz]]—boiled veal or beef in [[broth]], served with a mix of minced apples and [[horseradish]].
*[[Weisslacker]] (also Bierkäse)—a type of cow's milk cheese.
*[[Hot dog|Wiener]]—a hot dog.
*[[Wiener schnitzel|Wiener Schnitzel]]—a crumbed veal cutlet.
*[[wikt:Wurst|Wurst]]—a sausage, [[cold cut]]s.
*[[Zwieback]]—a "twice baked" bread; rusk, variants: German hard biscuits; [[Russian Mennonite zwieback|Mennonite double yeast roll]]

=== Sports and recreation ===
* [[Abseil]] (German spelling: ''sich abseilen'', a reflexive verb, to rope (''Seil'') oneself (''sich'') down (''ab''))—the term "abseiling" is used in the UK and Commonwealth countries, "roping (down)" in various English settings, and "rappelling" in the US.
* [[Blitz (American football)|Blitz]] (from [[Blitzkrieg]], literally 'lightning war'), a team defensive play in American or Canadian football in which the defense sends more players than the offense can block. The term ''Blitzkrieg'' was originally used in Nazi Germany during World War II, describing a dedicated kind of fast and ferocious attack.
* [[Table football|Foosball]], probably from the German word for [[association football|football]], ''Fußball'', although foosball itself is referred to as ''Kicker'' or ''Tischfußball'' in German. ''Fußball'' is the word for soccer in general.
* [[Karabiner]] (from ''Karabinerhaken''; can also mean a [[Carbine]] firearm in German), snaplink, a metal loop with a sprung or screwed gate, used in climbing and mountaineering; translates to "riflehook".
* [[Cut-off|Kutte]] (literally 'frock' or 'cowl, monk's habit'), a type of (cut-off) vest made out of denim or leather and traditionally worn by [[Outlaw motorcycle club|bikers]], [[Heavy metal subculture|metalheads]], and [[Punk subculture|punks]]
* [[Climbing shoe|Kletterschuh]], a climbing shoe (mountaineering).
* [[Mannschaft]], a German word for a sports team.
* [[Rucksack]] (more commonly called a [[backpack]] in [[American English]])
* [[Schuss]], literally a shot ([[ski]]) down a [[slope]] at high speed.
* [[Treibball]], the name of a dog sport.
* [[Turners|Turner]], a gymnast.
* [[Turnverein]], a [[gymnastics]] [[Club (organization)|club]] or society.
* [[Volksmarching]], from ''Volksmarsch'', literally 'people's march'.

=== Animals ===
*[[Dachshund]], a dog breed, literally "badger dog" (usually referred to as ''Dackel'' in German usage)
*[[Doberman Pinscher]], a dog breed (usually referred to as ''Dobermann'' in German)
*[[Hamster]], a small rodent often kept as a household pet
*[[Olm]], an exclusively cave-dwelling aquatic salamander found in Europe.
*[[Pomeranian (dog)|Pomeranian]], a dog breed
*[[Poodle]], a dog breed, from German ''Pudel''
*[[Rottweiler]], a dog breed
*[[Schnauzer]], a dog breed (though in German, ''Schnauzer'' could also be short for ''Schnauzbart'', meaning "moustache")
*[[Siskin]], several species of birds (from ''Sisschen'', dialect for [[w:de:Zeisige|Zeisig]])
*[[Spitz]], a dog breed

=== Philosophy and history ===
*[[Antifa (Germany)|Antifa]], short for "[[Antifaschistische Aktion]]" (anti-fascist action)
*[[Lebensraum]], literally "living space"; conquered territory, now exclusively associated with the [[Nazi Party]] in [[Nazi Germany|that historical context]]. In Germany, the word usually simply means 'habitat'
*[[Nazism|Nazi]], short for ''Nationalsozialist'' (National Socialist)
*[[Neanderthal]] (modern German spelling: ''Neandertal''), for German ''Neandertaler'', meaning "of, from, or pertaining to the ''Neandertal'' ("Neander Valley")", the site near [[Düsseldorf]] where early ''Homo neanderthalensis'' fossils were first found.
*[[Schadenfreude]], "joy from pain" (literally "harm joy"); delight at the misfortune of others
*[[Wanderlust]], the yearning to travel
*[[Zeitgeist]], spirit of the time

=== Society and culture ===
*[[Doppelgänger]], literally "double-goer", also spelled in English as ''doppelgaenger''; a double or look-alike. However, in English the connotation is that of a ghostly apparition of a duplicate living person.
*[[WIKT:Dreck|Dreck]], literally "dirt" or "smut", but now meaning trashy, awful (through [[Yiddish]], [[OED]] s.v.)
*[[WIKT:Dummkopf|Dummkopf]], literally "stupid head"; a stupid, ignorant person, similar to "numbskull" in English
*[[wiktionary:Fest|Fest]], festival
*[[Fingerspitzengefühl]] (literally "finger-tip feeling", in German used to mean "empathy", "sensitivity" or "tact")
*[[Gemütlichkeit]], coziness
*[[wikt:Gesundheit|Gesundheit]], literally ''health''; an exclamation used in place of "bless you!" after someone has sneezed
*[[Housewife|Hausfrau]], pejorative: frumpy, petty-bourgeois, traditional, pre-emancipation type housewife whose interests centre on the home, or who is even exclusively interested in domestic matters (colloquial, American English only), sometimes humorously used to replace "wife", but with the same mildly derisive connotation. The German word has a neutral connotation.
*[[wikt:Kaffeeklatsch|Kaffeeklatsch]], literally "coffee gossip"; afternoon meeting where people (usually referring to women, particularly ''Hausfrauen'') chitchat while drinking coffee or tea and having cake.
*[[Kindergarten]], literally "children's garden"; day-care centre, playschool, preschool
*[[Kitsch]], cheap, sentimental, gaudy items of popular culture
*[[Kraut]], literally "cabbage"; derogatory term for a German
*[[Lederhosen]] (short leather pants for men and boys, often worn with suspenders)
*[[Meister]], "master", also as a suffix: –meister; in German, ''Meister'' typically refers to the highest educational rank of a craftsperson, various ranks, and to sports champions up to ''Weltmeister''. Note: ''Meister'' does ''not'' refer to the academic ''master'' degree (which is now ''Master'' or formerly ''Magister'', formerly ''Diplom''-engineer and so forth)
*[[Oktoberfest]], Bavarian folk festival held annually in [[Munich]] during late September and early October
*[[Poltergeist]], literally "noisy ghost"; an alleged [[paranormal]] phenomenon where objects appear to move of their own accord
*[[wikt:Sitzfleisch|Sitzfleisch]], endurance or persistence, especially when requiring sitting for a long time
*[[Spiel]], literally "game"; an attempt to present and explain a point in a way that the presenter has done often before, usually to sell something. A voluble line of often extravagant talk, "pitch"
*[[Über|uber, über]], "over"; used to indicate that something or someone is of better or superior magnitude, e.g. ''[[Übermensch]]''
*[[wiktionary:Wunderkind|Wunderkind]], literally "wonder child"; a [[child prodigy]]

=== Technology ===
*–bahn as a suffix, e.g. [[Information superhighway|Infobahn]], after ''[[Autobahn]]''
*[[Bandsalat]], literally "tape salad", refers to a tangle of magnetic tape.
*Blücher, a half-boot named after Prussian Field Marshal [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]] (1742–1819); also a hand in the British card game [[Napoleon (card game)|Napoleon]].
*[[Ersatz]], replacement; usually implying an artificial and inferior substitute or imitation. In German, the word has a neutral connotation, e.g. ''Ersatzrad'' simply means "spare wheel" (not an inferior one).
*[[Flak]], '''''Fl'''ug'''a'''bwehr'''k'''anone'', literally: ''air-defence cannon'', for anti-aircraft artillery or their shells, also used in [[flak jacket]]; or in the figurative sense: "drawing flak" = being heavily criticized
* Kraft as in [[kraft paper]], a strong paper used to make sacks; ''Kraft'' in German just means "strength" or "power"
*[[Plandampf]], running a scheduled train service with historic steam locomotives, popular with railway enthusiasts.
*[[Volkswagen]], literally "people's car"; brand of automobile
*[[Zeppelin]], type of [[rigid airship]], named after its inventor

=== Other aspects of everyday life ===
*[[Wiktionary:erlaubt|erlaubt]], allowed, granted; opposite of ''verboten''.
*[[wiktionary:kaput|kaput]] (German spelling: ''kaputt''), out-of-order, broken, dead
*[[Wikt:nix|nix]], from German ''nix'', dialectal variant of ''nichts'' (nothing)
*[[Shit|Scheiße]], an expression and euphemism meaning "shit", usually as an interjection when something goes amiss
*Ur- (German prefix), original or prototypical; e.g. [[Proto-language|Ursprache]], [[wikt:urtext|Urtext]]
*[[Wiktionary:verboten|verboten]], prohibited, forbidden, banned. In English this word has authoritarian connotations.

== German terms common in English academic context ==
German terms sometimes appear in English academic disciplines, e.g. history, [[psychology]], philosophy, music, and the [[physical science]]s; laypeople in a given field may or may not be familiar with a given German term.

=== Academia ===
* [[Ansatz]], educated guess
* [[Doktorvater]], doctoral advisor
* [[Festschrift]], book prepared by colleagues to honor a scholar, often on an important birthday such as the sixtieth.
* [[Gedenkschrift]], memorial publication
* [[Wiktionary:Leitfaden|Leitfaden]], guideline
* [[Methodenstreit]], disagreement on methodology
* [[Privatdozent]], in German it describes a lecturer without professorship (typically requires German ''Habilitation'' degree).
* [[Professoriat]], the entity of all professors of a university
* [[Wissenschaft]], scholarship, research and study in general

=== Architecture ===
* [[Abwurfdach]], removal roof of early modern European fortresses 
* [[Angstloch]], literally "fear hole", a small hole in the floor of a medieval castle or fortress through which a basement room (popularly described as a "dungeon") can be accessed
* [[Bauhaus]], a German style of architecture founded by [[Walter Gropius]] in 1918
* [[Bergfried]], a tall tower typical of Central European medieval castles
* [[Biedermeier]], of or relating to a style of furniture developed in Germany in the 19th century; in German, it might also derogatively describe a certain old-fashioned, ultra-conservative interior styling. It also describes a certain type of literature in the beginning of the industrialization that represents a longing for the traditional life at that time, with themes of nature and calmness, untouched by the modern world.
* [[Burgwall (disambiguation)|Burgwall]], fort rampart
* [[Hügelgrab]], in archeology, burial mound
* [[Jugendstil]], art nouveau
* [[Masonry heater#Kachelofen|Kachelofen]], a cocklestove, a kind of masonry heater covered in tile
* [[Passivhaus]], house built to eco-friendly standards, ultra-low energy buildings which need little fuel for heating or cooling
* [[Pfostenschlitzmauer]], in archeology, a method of construction typical of prehistoric [[Celts|Celtic]] [[hillfort]]s of the [[Iron Age]]
* [[Plattenbau]], building made from prefabricated slabs; a typical building style of the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s, particularly associated with [[East Germany]]
* [[Schwedenschanze]], early historical [[Ringwork]] and [[Rampart (fortification)|Rampart]] of fortification 
* [[Sondergotik]], a Late Gothic architectural style found in Central Europe between 1350 and 1550
* [[Stolperstein]], literally "stumbling stone", metaphorically a "stumbling block" or a stone to "stumble upon", a cobblestone-size ({{convert|10x10|cm}}) concrete cube bearing a [[brass]] plate inscribed with the name and life dates of victims of Nazi extermination or persecution
* [[Viereckschanze]], in archaeology, a Celtic fortification of the Iron Age

=== Arts ===
*[[Gesamtkunstwerk]], "the whole of a work of art", also "total work of art" or "complete artwork"
*[[wikt:gestalt|Gestalt]] (lit. "shape, figure"), a collection of entities that creates a unified concept (where "[[the whole is more than the sum of its parts]]")

==== Heraldry ====
* [[Seeblatt]], heraldic [[Charge (heraldry)|Charge]]
* [[Schwurhand]], heraldic [[Charge (heraldry)|Charge]]

==== Music ====
* [[Doctrine of the affections|Affektenlehre]], the doctrine of the affections in Baroque music theory
* [[Almglocken]], tuned cowbells
* [[Alphorn]], a wind instrument
* [[Eye music|Augenmusik]], eye music
* [[Ausmultiplikation]], a musical technique described by Karlheinz Stockhausen
* [[Pipe organ#Antiquity|Blockwerk]], medieval type of church organ featuring only labial pipes
* [[Crumhorn]], from German ''Krummhorn'', a type of woodwind instrument
* [[Fach]], method of classifying singers, primarily opera singers, by the range, weight, and color of their voices
* [[wikt:fackeltanz|Fackeltanz]], a kind of polonaise associated with German royal wedding celebrations
* [[Fife (instrument)|Fife]], from ''Pfeife'', a small transverse flute often used in military and marching bands
* [[Flatterzunge]] (literally "flutter tongue"), playing technique for wind instruments
* [[Flugelhorn]] (German spelling: ''Flügelhorn''), a type of brass musical instrument
* [[Glockenspiel]], a percussion instrument
* [[Tenor|Heldentenor]], "heroic tenor"
* [[Piano|Hammerklavier]], "hammer-keyboard", an archaic term for piano or the name of a specific kind of piano, the [[fortepiano]]; most commonly used in English to refer to Beethoven's [[Piano Sonata No. 29 (Beethoven)|Hammerklavier Sonata]]
* [[Breeches role|Hosenrolle]], a term for ''male character'', literally "trousers' role"
* [[Kapellmeister]], "music director"
* [[wikt:katzenjammer|Katzenjammer]], hubbub or uproar; in German, the term ''Katzenjammer'' could also mean ''hangover''.
* [[Cat organ|Katzenklavier]], cat organ, a conjectural instrument employing live cats
* [[Toy piano|Kinderklavier]], piano for children
* [[Klangfarbenmelodie]], a term coined by [[Arnold Schoenberg]] regarding harmonic theory
* [[Concertmaster|Konzertmeister]], concert master
* [[Ranz des Vaches|Kuhreihen]], song originally used for gathering cows for milking
* [[Leitmotif]] (German spelling: ''Leitmotiv'') a musical phrase that associates with a specific person, thing, or idea
* [[Lied]] (pronounced "leet"), "song"; specifically in English, "art song"
* [[Lieder ohne Worte]], "songs without words"
* [[Liederhandschrift]], a manuscript containing medieval songs
* [[Liederkranz (disambiguation)|Liederkranz]], (originally male) singing club
* [[Singer-songwriter|Liedermacher]], singer-songwriter
* [[Marktsackpfeife]], a type of bagpipes
* [[Meistersinger]], Master-singer
* [[Mensurstrich]], barline that is drawn between staves
* [[Minnesang]], medieval love poetry
* [[Musikalisches Würfelspiel]], a composing technique featuring the use of random number generators, i.e. dice (''Würfel'')
* [[Earworm|Ohrwurm]], catchy tune
* [[Organ reform movement|Orgelbewegung]], a movement of organ building featuring a more baroque sound and organ architecture
* [[Rauschpfeife]], a type of woodwind instrument
* [[Positive organ#Other uses of the term|Rückpositiv]] (also rendered as ''Ruckpositiv'')
* [[Sängerfest]], a Central European tradition of music festivals that also spread to North America
* [[Schlager]], "a hit" (German ''schlagen'', to hit or beat)
* [[Schottische]], literally "Scottish", a folk dance
* [[Schuhplattler]], a regional dance from [[Upper Bavaria]] and Austria
* [[Singspiel]], German musical drama with spoken dialogue
* [[Sitzprobe]], rehearsal of a musical stage work where singers are sitting and without costumes
* [[Sprechgesang]] and ''Sprechstimme'', forms of musical delivery between speech and singing
* [[Vocal fry register|Strohbass]], creaky voice
* [[Sturm und Drang]], "storm and stress", a brief aesthetic movement in German literature, just before [[Weimar Classicism]]
* [[Urtext edition|Urtext]], "original text" (of the composer)
* [[Volksmusik]], traditional German music
* [[Waltz|Walzer]] (Waltz), ballroom and folk dance 
* [[Music of the Future|Zukunftsmusik]], music of the future

=====Genres=====
* ''[[Kosmische Musik]]'': a [[Krautrock]]-associated genre of electronic music pioneered by [[Popol Vuh (band)|Popol Vuh]]
* ''[[Krautrock]]'': German-like English name for a variety of [[German rock]]
* ''[[Neue Deutsche Härte]] (NDH)'': "New German Hardness"; a genre of [[German rock]] that mixes traditional hard rock with dance-like keyboard parts. Recently it has begun to appear in English.
* ''[[Neue Deutsche Todeskunst]]'': "New German Death Art": a movement within the [[darkwave]] and [[gothic rock]] scenes
* ''[[Neue Deutsche Welle]] (NDW)'': "New German Wave". A genre of [[Music of Germany|German music]] originally derived from [[punk rock]] and [[new wave music]].
* ''[[Neue Slowenische Kunst]]'': "New Slovenian Art". An art collective dating back to the 1980s, when [[Slovenia]] was part of [[Yugoslavia]]. Most prominently associated with the band [[Laibach (band)|Laibach]], named after the German name for Slovenia's capital city, [[Ljubljana]].
* ''[[Romantische Oper]]'': genre of early nineteenth-century German opera

=====Selected works in classical music=====
* [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s ''Das wohltemperierte Klavier'' (''[[The Well-Tempered Clavier]]''); ''Jesus bleibet meine Freude'' (''[[Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring]]'')
* [[Johannes Brahms|Brahms]]'s ''[[Schicksalslied]]'' (''Song of Destiny'')
* [[Fritz Kreisler|Kreisler]]'s ''[[Liebesleid]]'' (''Pain of Love''), ''[[Liebesfreud]]'' (''Joy of Love'')
* [[Franz Liszt|Liszt]]'s ''[[Liebesträume]]'' (''Dreams of Love'')
* [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]'s ''[[Eine kleine Nachtmusik]]'' (''A Little Serenade''); ''[[The Magic Flute|Die Zauberflöte]]'' (''The Magic Flute'')
* [[Gustav Mahler]]'s ''[[Kindertotenlieder]]'' (''Songs on Dead Children'')
* [[Franz Schubert|Schubert]]'s ''[[Winterreise]]'' (''Winter Journey'')
* [[Robert Schumann|Schumann]]'s ''[[Dichterliebe]]'' (''The Poet's Love'')
* [[Richard Strauss]]'s ''[[Der Rosenkavalier]]'' (''Cavalier of the Rose''); ''[[Also sprach Zarathustra (Strauss)|Also sprach Zarathustra]]'' (''Thus Spoke Zarathustra''); "[[Four Last Songs|Vier letzte Lieder]]" (''Four last songs'')
* [[Johann Strauss II]]'s ''[[Die Fledermaus]]'' (''The Bat''); ''[[The Blue Danube|An der schönen blauen Donau]]'' (''On The Beautiful Blue Danube'')
* [[Richard Wagner]]'s [[Die Walküre]] (''The Valkyrie''); [[Götterdämmerung]] (''Twilight of the Gods''); both from his opera cycle "[[Der Ring des Nibelungen]]" (''The Ring of the Nibelung'')

=====Carols=====
* ''Stille Nacht'': "[[Silent Night]]"
* ''[[O Tannenbaum]]'': "O Christmas Tree"

=====Modern songs=====
* ''[[99 Luftballons]]'': "99 Balloons" (English title: "99 Red Balloons") by [[Nena (band)|Nena]]
* ''[[Schrei nach Liebe]]'': "Scream for love" by [[Die Ärzte]]
* ''[[Feuer frei!]]'': "Fire at will" (literally, "fire freely!") by [[Rammstein]]
* ''[[Der Kommissar (song)|Der Kommissar]]'': "The Commissioner" by [[Falco (musician)|Falco]]

==== Theatre ====
* [[Theatre pedagogy|Theaterpädagogik]], "theatre pedagogy", the use of theatre as a means for teaching and learning in non-theatrical areas of study
* [[Verfremdungseffekt]], effect of disassociation or alienation

==== Typography ====
* [[Fraktur (script)|Fraktur]], a style of [[blackletter]] typeface
* [[Schwabacher]], a style of [[blackletter]] typeface, from the [[Franconia]]n town of [[Schwabach]]

=== Biology ===
* [[Ahnentafel|Ahnenreihe]], line of ancestors
* [[Pedigree collapse|Ahnenschwund]], pedigree collapse
* [[Ahnentafel]], line of ancestors
* [[Allele|Anlage]] in genetics; also used in the sense of [[primordium]] in embryology and [[temperament]] in psychology; literal meaning "disposition" or "rudiment"
* [[Aufwuchs]], growth
* [[Aurochs]] (Modern German: ''Auerochse''), urus
* [[Bauplan]], body plan of animals
* [[Bereitschaftspotential]], readiness potential
* [[Leontopodium alpinum|Edelweiss]], German spelling ''Edelweiß'', ''Leontopodium alpinum''
* [[Einkorn wheat|Einkorn]], ''Triticum boeoticum'' or ''Triticum monococcum'', a type of wheat
* [[Krummholz]], crooked or bent wood due to growth conditions of trees and bushes
* [[Lagerstätte]], repository; sedimentary deposit rich in fossils
* [[Bearded vulture|Lammergeier]] or ''lammergeyer'' (German: ''Lämmergeier'', also ''Bartgeier''), the bearded vulture
* [[Lampenflora]], autotrophic lifeforms (algae) present in caves associated with permanently installed lighting 
* [[Marbled crayfish|Marmorkrebs]], the marbled crayfish
* [[Molosser]], a type of dog, literally "Molossian", from [[Molossus (dog)|Molossus]], the name of an ancient dog breed which the modern molossers descend from
* ''Oberhäutchen'' (often written ''oberhautchen'' in newer literature), the outermost layer of reptile skin; literally "small top skin" (''Häutchen'' is the diminutive of ''Haut'', the German word for "skin")
* [[Schreckstoff]] (lit. "scare stuff"), a chemical alarm signal emitted by fish
* [[Spitzenkörper]], structure important in hyphal growth
* [[Spreite]], laminae found in trace fossils, going back to animal burrows
* [[Unkenreflex]], a defensive posture adopted by several branches of the amphibian class
* [[Forest dieback|Waldsterben]], forest dieback
* [[Zeitgeber]] (chronobiology), external clue that helps to synchronize the internal body clock
* [[Zugunruhe]] (ornithology), pre-migration anxiety in birds and other migratory animals

=== Chemistry ===

* [[Aufbau principle]] ([[physical chemistry]]) (German spelling: ''Aufbauprinzip'')
* [[Bismuth]], chemical element 
* [[Darmstadtium]], synthetic chemical element 
* [[Einsteinium]], synthetic chemical element 
* [[Entgegen]] and its opposite ''[[zusammen]]'' ([[organic chemistry]])
* [[Gemisch]] (chemistry: a randomized mixture of components)
* [[Gerade]] and its opposite ''ungerade'' ([[quantum mechanics]])
* [[Knallgas]], gaseous mixture 
* [[Kugelrohr]], distillation apparatus
* [[Meitnerium]], synthetic chemical element 
* [[Mischmetall]] (lit. "mixed metal"), alloy
* [[Roentgenium]], synthetic chemical element 
* [[Umpolung]], polarity inversion ([[organic chemistry]])
* [[Tungsten|Wolfram]], chemical element, also known as Tungsten 
* [[Zwitterion]], also called inner salt or dipolar ion

=== Chess ===
* [[Allumwandlung]], German for "complete promotion"
* [[Glossary of chess#Blitz chess|Blitz chess]], from German ''Blitzschach'', literally "lightning chess", also known as [[Fast chess]]
* Fingerfehler, slip of the finger
* [[Glossary of chess#Kibitz|Kibitz]], from German ''[[Kiebitzer]]'', a spectator making comments on the game that can be heard by the players
* [[Patzer]], German for "weak chess player", literally "[[Blunder (chess)|blunder]]"
* Sitzfleisch, patience during slow play
* [[Time trouble|Zeitnot]], time pressure
* [[Zugzwang]], compulsion to move
* [[Zwischenzug]], in-between move

=== Economics ===
* Dollar (German ''Thaler'', {{langx|cs|tolar}}), from ''Joachimsthal'' ({{langx|cs|[[Jáchymov]]}}), name for the silver coin minted in [[Bohemia]] in the 16th century in Joachimsthal (through Dutch ''(Rijks)daalder'')
*[[Energiewende]], stands for [[Energy transition]]
*[[Freiwirtschaft#Freigeld|Freigeld]], "free money"
*[[Freiwirtschaft#Structure|Freihandel]], "free trade"
*[[Freiwirtschaft#Structure|Freiland]], "free land"
*[[Freiwirtschaft]], "free economy"
*[[Hacksilver|Hacksilber]], a type of [[commodity money]]
* [[Heller (money)|Heller]] (German also ''Häller''), from ''[[Schwäbisch Hall|Hall am Kocher]]'', name for the coin
*K: In economics, the letter K, from the German word ''Kapital'', is used to denote [[Capital (economics)|Capital]]<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homch10_e.htm
|title = Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors
|access-date = 10 April 2008
|year = 2007
|work = BLS Handbook of Methods
|publisher = U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
|archive-date = 17 October 2008
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081017144948/http://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homch10_e.htm
|url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.gamsworld.org/mpsge/debreu/shock/
|title = Modeling Unanticipated Shocks: An Illustrative GAMS/MCP Model
|access-date = 10 April 2008
|last = Rutherford
|first = Prof. Thomas F.
|publisher = [[General Algebraic Modeling System|MPSGE Forum]]
|archive-date = 6 October 2008
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081006225912/http://www.gamsworld.org/mpsge/debreu/shock
|url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://lofi.forum.physorg.com/Economic-Curiosity.-%5BSolow-model%5D_4864.html
|title = Economic Curiosity. [Solow model]
|access-date = 10 April 2008
|author = Drude
|date = 9 February 2006
|publisher = PhysOrg.com
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090203094336/http://lofi.forum.physorg.com/Economic-Curiosity.-%5BSolow-model%5D_4864.html
|archive-date = 3 February 2009
|url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|last = Lequiller
|first = François
|first2 = Derek
|last2 = Blades
|translator = F. Wells
|title = Understanding National Accounts
|url = http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/12/38451313.pdf
|format = PDF (4MB)
|access-date = 11 April 2008
|series = Economica
|year = 2006
|publisher = [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]
|location = Paris
|isbn = 92-64-02566-9
|page = 160
|chapter = ch. 6
|quote = "K" (for the German word "kapital") indicates capital accumulation items.
|archive-date = 11 September 2008
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080911034422/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/12/38451313.pdf
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
*Luftgeschäft ([[Yiddish]]: לופט געשעפט; may also be written as Luftgeschaeft or Luftgescheft), literally "air business", an unstable business or an unproductive profession.
*[[Lumpenproletariat]]
*[[Mittelstand]]
*[[Notgeld]], "emergency money" or "necessity money"
*[[Takt time|Takt]]
*[[Wirtschaftswunder]]<!--Please do not re-enter the list of "Genes of names in drosophila melanogaster" as it was an orig vandalism by an anon contributor -->

=== Geography ===
* [[Hinterland]]
* [[Monadnock|Inselberg]]
* [[Knickpoint]] (German ''Knickpunkt'', from ''knicken'' "to bend sharply, fold, kink"), a point where the slope of a river changes suddenly
* [[Massenerhebung effect]]
* [[Mitteleuropa]]
* [[Mittelgebirge]]
* [[Schlatt (landform)|Schlatt]] (also ''Flatt''; from Low German)
* [[Steilhang]] (steep slope or face)
* [[Thalweg]] (written "Talweg" in modern German)

=== Geology ===
* [[Aufeis]], sheets of layered ice formed from groundwater discharge or upwelling of river water behind ice dams during freezing temperatures
* [[Bergschrund]]
* [[Dreikanter]]
* [[Druse (geology)|Druse]], an incrustation of small crystals on the surface of a rock or mineral
* [[Window (geology)|Fenster]], also known as a ''window'', a geologic structure formed by erosion or normal faulting on a thrust system
* [[Firn]]
* [[Flysch]]
* [[Gneiss]] (German ''Gneis'')
* [[Graben]]
* [[Horst (geology)|Horst]]
* [[Karst]]
* [[Loess]] ({{langx|de|link=no|Löss}})
* [[Randkluft]], gap between the rock face and the side of the glacier
* [[Rille]] (German: "groove"), a type of feature of the surface of the Moon
* [[Sturzstrom]]
* [[Urstrom]], a large glacial age river in Northern Europe
* [[Urstromtal]]

Minerals including:
* [[Feldspar]] (German ''Feldspat'')
* [[Hornblende]]
* [[Meerschaum]]
* [[Moldavite]] (German ''Moldavit''), from ''Moldau'' ({{langx|cs|[[Vltava]]}})
* [[Quartz]] (German ''Quarz'')
* [[Wolframite]] (German ''Wolframit'')
* [[Zinnwaldite]] (German ''Zinnwaldit''), from ''[[Altenberg, Saxony|Zinnwald]]'' (Czech: [[Dubí|Cínovec]])

=== History ===
(Some terms are listed in multiple categories if they are important to each.)

==== The Third Reich ====
{{Main|Glossary of the Weimar Republic|Glossary of Nazi Germany}}

==== Other historical periods ====
* [[Alltagsgeschichte]], literally "everyday history" a type of [[microhistory]]
* [[Age of Enlightenment|Aufklarung]], in German: ''Aufklärung'', "enlightenment", short for ''Zeitalter der Aufklärung'', "age of enlightenment"
* [[Biedermeier]], era in early 19th century Germany
* [[Chaoskampf]] (mythology)
* [[Diktat]]
* [[Gründerzeit]], the period in German history of great artistic and economic developments
* [[Junker]]
* [[Kaiser]], "emperor" (derived from the title "[[Caesar (title)|Caesar]]")
* [[Kleinstaaterei]], the territorial fragmentation of [[Germany in the early modern period]]
* [[Cultural history|Kulturgeschichte]]
* [[Kulturkampf]], literally the 'struggle for culture'; Otto von Bismarck's campaign for [[secularity]] which mostly went against Catholics in the newly formed German state, ostensibly a result of Bismarck's suspicion of Catholic loyalty
* [[Kulturkreis]], a theory in anthropology and ethnology
* [[Kulturkugel]], literally "culture bullet" or "cultural bullet", a [[neologism]] coined by archaeologist [[J. P. Mallory]] for his model of cultural diffusion
* [[Landflucht]]
* [[Landnahme]]
* [[Nordpolitik]]
* [[Ostflucht]]
* [[Ostpolitik]]
* [[Ostalgie]] (nostalgia for the former [[Eastern Bloc]], specifically for the [[East Germany|GDR]])
* [[Perserschutt]], "Persian rubble", sculptures that were damaged by the invading Persian army on the Acropolis of Athens in 480 BC
* [[wikt:quellenforschung|Quellenforschung]], "research of sources", the study of the sources of, or influences upon, a literary work
* [[Rainbow cup|Regenbogenschüsselchen]], a type of prehistoric gold coin of the Celtic Iron Age
* [[Realpolitik]] (political science: "real politics"); usually implies the way politics really works, i.e. via the influence of power and money, rather than a principled approach that the public might expect to be aligned with a party's or nation's values, or rather than a political party's given interpretation.
* Reichstag (Imperial Diet; see [[Reichstag building]], [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]], [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]], and the [[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)|Reichstag of the Weimar Republic]])
* [[Sammlungspolitik]]
* [[Sippe]], an ancient Germanic [[clan]]
* [[Urmonotheismus]]
* [[Urreligion]]
* Völkerschlacht – the "Battle of the Nations" (that is, the [[Battle of Leipzig]], 1813)
* [[Völkerwanderung]] – the migration (and invasions) of the Germanic peoples in the 4th century
* [[Weltpolitik]] – the politics of global domination; contemporarily, "the current climate in [[global politics]]".
* [[Cabinet of curiosities|Wunderkammer]], a cabinet of curiosities

=== Military terms ===
{{Main|Glossary of German military terms}}

* [[Blitzkrieg]] (literally "lightning war")
* [[Flak]] ('''''Fl'''ug'''a'''bwehr'''k'''anone''), anti-aircraft gun (for derived meanings see under [[Verboten|Other aspects of everyday life]])
* Fliegerhorst, another word for a military airport (Horst = predator bird's nest)
* [[carbine|Karabiner]], a carbine (a firearm). For the climbing hardware, see [[#Sports and recreation|carabiner]] above
* [[Kriegsspiel (wargame)|Kriegsspiel]], in English also written ''Kriegspiel'', war game (different meanings)
* [[Luftwaffe]], air force (since WW II, with [[East Germany]] and the earlier [[German Empire]] using the term ''[[Luftstreitkräfte]]'' instead for their air services)
* [[Panzer]] refers to [[tank]]s and other armored military vehicles, or formations of such vehicles
* [[Panzerfaust]], "tank fist": anti-tank weapon, a small one-man launcher and projectile.
* [[Strafe]], punishment, extracted from the slogan ''[[Gott strafe England]]'' (May God punish England)
* [[U-boat|U-Boot]] (abbreviated form of ''Unterseeboot'' – submarine, but commonly called ''U-Boot'' in Germany as well)
* [[Vernichtungsgedanke]] (thought of annihilation)

=== Linguistics ===
* [[Ablaut]]
* [[Abstand and ausbau languages#Abstand languages|Abstandsprache]]
* [[Lexical aspect|Aktionsart]]
* [[Abstand and ausbau languages#Ausbau languages|Ausbausprache]]
* [[Dachsprache]]
* [[Dreimorengesetz]], "three-mora law", the rule for placing stress in [[Latin]]
* [[Grammatischer Wechsel]], "grammatical alternation", a pattern of consonant alternations found in Germanic strong verbs and also in Germanic nouns
* [[Neogrammarian|Junggrammatiker]], literally "Young Grammarians", a formative German school of linguists in the late 19th century
* [[wiktionary:Lallname|Lallname]], a pet name based on baby talk, especially in ancient languages of Asia Minor
* [[Loanword]] (ironically not a loanword but rather a [[calque]] from German ''Lehnwort'')
* [[Mischsprache]], mixed language
* [[Germanic spirant law|Primärberührung]], "primary contact", the development of certain consonant clusters (stop consonant + /t/) in [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
* [[Ruckumlaut|Rückumlaut]], "reverse umlaut", a regular pattern of vowel alternation (of independent origin from usual ablaut patterns) in a small number of Germanic weak verbs
* [[wiktionary:Sitz im Leben|Sitz im Leben]] (Biblical linguistics mainly; the study of [[pragmatics]] has a similar approach)
* [[Sprachbund]], "speech bond" or"language union", a sociolinguistic term for a group of languages that have become similar because of geographical proximity
* {{ill|Sprachgefühl|de}}, the intuitive sense of what is appropriate in a language
* [[Sprachraum]]
* [[Tree model|Stammbaumtheorie]], the tree model of descendance in historical linguistics; also ''Stammbaum'' alone, for a phylogenetical tree of languages
* [[Suffixaufnahme]]
* [[Germanic umlaut|Umlaut]]
* [[Urheimat]], "original homeland", the area originally inhabited by speakers of a (reconstructed) proto-language
* [[Ursprache]], "proto-language"
* [[Holtzmann's law|Verschärfung]], "sharpening", several analogous phonetic changes in Gothic, North Germanic and modern [[Faroese language|Faroese]]
* [[Wanderwort]], "migratory term/word", a word which spreads from its original language into several others
* [[Winkelhaken]], a basic element in the ancient cuneiform script

=== Literature ===
* [[Bildungsroman]], a form of coming-of-age story
* [[Chaos (cosmogony)#Chaoskampf|Chaoskampf]], "struggle against chaos", a recurring motif in myth and legend
* [[Knittelvers]], a form of poetry using rhyming couplets
* [[Künstlerroman]], a novel about an artist's growth to maturity
* [[Leitmotif|Leitmotiv]], a recurring theme
* [[Theme (literature)#Leitwortstil|Leitwortstil]], a phrase repeated to reinforce a theme
* [[Fictitious entry|Nihilartikel]], a fake entry in a reference work
* [[Sammelband]], a set of manuscripts later bound together
* [[Source criticism|Quellenkritik]], source criticism
* [[Sturm und Drang]], an 18th-century literary movement; "storm and stress" in English, although the literal translation is closer to "storm and urge".
* [[wikt:urtext|Urtext]], "original text"
* [[Vorlage]], original or mastercopy of a text on which derivates are based
* [[Q document|Q]], abbreviation for ''Quelle'' ("source"), a postulated lost document in [[Biblical criticism]]

=== Mathematics and formal logic ===
* [[Ansatz]] (lit. "set down", roughly equivalent to "approach" or "where to begin", a starting assumption) – one of the most-used German loan words in the English-speaking world of science.
* "Eigen-" in composita such as [[eigenfunction]], [[eigenvector]], [[eigenvalue]], [[eigenform]]; in English "self-" or "own-". They are related concepts in the fields of [[linear algebra]] and [[functional analysis]].
* [[Entscheidungsproblem]]
* [[Grossencharakter]] (German spelling: Größencharakter)
* [[Hauptmodul]] (the generator of a modular curve of genus 0)
* [[Hauptvermutung]]
* [[Hilbert's Nullstellensatz]] (without apostrophe in German)
* [[Ideal (ring theory)|Ideal]] (originally ''[[Ideal number|ideale Zahlen]]'', defined by [[Ernst Kummer]])
* [[Krull's principal ideal theorem|Krull's Hauptidealsatz]] (without apostrophe in German)
* [[Möbius strip|Möbius band]] (German: ''Möbiusband'')
* [[Positivstellensatz]]
* [[quadratfrei]]
* [[Klein four-group|Vierergruppe]] (also known as Klein four-group)
* <math>\mathbb{Z}</math> from (''ganze'') ''Zahlen'' ((whole) numbers), the [[integer]]s
* <math>\mathbb{K}</math> from ''Körper'' ("field"), used for one of the two basic fields <math>\mathbb{R}</math> or <math>\mathbb{C}</math> not specifying which one

=== Medicine ===
* [[Glossary of psychiatry#anwesenheit|Anwesenheit]]
* [[Diener]], autopsy assistant
* [[Glossary of psychiatry#entgleisen|Entgleisen]]
* [[Glossary of psychiatry#gedankenlautwerden|Gedankenlautwerden]]
* [[Gegenhalten]]
* [[Kernicterus]] (German spelling: ''Kernikterus'')
* [[Kleeblattschädel]]
* [[Lysergic acid diethylamide|LSD]], German abbreviation of "Lysergsäurediethylamid"
* [[Glossary of psychiatry#mitgehen|Mitgehen]]
* [[Glossary of psychiatry#mitmachen|Mitmachen]]
* [[Mittelschmerz]] ("middle pain", used to refer to ovulation pain)
* [[Glossary of psychiatry#pfropfschizophrenie|Pfropfschizophrenie]]
* [[Rinderpest]]
* [[Glossary of psychiatry#schnauzkrampf|Schnauzkrampf]]
* [[Sensitiver beziehungswahn|Sensitiver Beziehungswahn]]
* [[Sitz bath]]
* [[Spinnbarkeit]]
* [[Glossary of psychiatry#verstimmung|Verstimmung]]
* [[Glossary of psychiatry#vorbeigehen; vorbeireden|Vorbeigehen]]
* [[Glossary of psychiatry#vorbeigehen; vorbeireden|Vorbeireden]]
* [[Glossary of psychiatry#wahneinfall|Wahneinfall]]
* [[Witzelsucht]]
* [[Glossary of psychiatry#würgstimme|Wurgstimme]]

=== Philosophy ===
* [[An sich]], "in itself"
* [[Aufheben|Aufhebung]], sublation in [[Dialectic#Hegelian_dialectic|dialectics]] 
* [[Dasein]]
* [[Noumenon|Ding an sich]], "thing in itself" from [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]
* [[Geist]], mind, spirit or ghost
* [[God is dead|Gott ist tot!]], a popular phrase from [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]]; more commonly rendered "God is dead!" in English.
* [[Übermensch]], also from Nietzsche; the ideal of a [[Superhuman]] or Overman.
* [[Weltanschauung]], calqued into English as "[[world view]]"; a comprehensive view or personal philosophy of human life and the universe
* [[World riddle|Welträtsel]], "world riddle", a term associated with Nietzsche and biologist [[Ernst Haeckel]] concerning the nature of the universe and the meaning of life
* [[Will to power|Wille zur Macht]], "the will to power", central concept of Nietzsche's philosophy

=== Physical sciences ===
{{Crossreference|selfref=no|(See also [[#Chemistry|Chemistry]])}}

* [[Ansatz]], an assumption for a function that is not based on an underlying theory
* [[Anti-lock braking system|Antiblockiersystem]]
* [[Bremsstrahlung]] (lit. "brake radiation"), electromagnetic radiation emitted from charge particles stopping suddenly
* [[Dunkelflaute]],  a period of time in which little to no energy can be generated with the use of wind and solar power
* [[Durchmusterung]], the search for celestial objects, especially a survey of stars
* [[F-Center|Farbzentrum]] ([[Solid-state physics]])
* [[Foehn wind]], also "foehn" (German spelling ''Föhn''), a warm wind which sometimes appears on the northern side of the Alps in south Germany and Austria
* [[Fusel alcohol]] (German: ''Fuselalkohol''), from German [[:wikt:de:Fusel|''Fusel'']], which refers to low-quality liquor
* [[Gedanken experiment]] (German spelling: ''Gedankenexperiment''); more commonly referred to as a "thought experiment" in English
* [[Gegenschein]], a faint brightening of the night sky in the region of the antisolar point
* [[Gerade]] and its opposite ''ungerade'' ([[quantum mechanics]])
* [[Graupel]], a form of precipitation
* [[Heiligenschein]] (lit. "halo")
* [[Hohlraum]], a radiation cavity used in [[Teller–Ulam design|thermonuclear weapons]] design
* [[Kirchweger condenser|Kirchweger-Kondensationseinrichtung]]
* [[Kugelblitz (astrophysics)|Kugelblitz]] (the German term for [[ball lightning]]), in [[theoretical physics]]: a concentration of light so intense that it forms an [[event horizon]] and becomes self-trapped
* Rocks and minerals like [[Quartz]] (German spelling: ''Quarz''), [[Gneiss]] and [[Feldspar]] (originally ''Gneis'' and ''Feldspat'' respectively), [[Meerschaum]]
* [[Reststrahlen]] (lit. "residual rays")
* [[Cassegrain reflector#Off-axis configurations|Schiefspiegler]], special type of telescope
* [[Schlieren]] (from German ''Schliere'' for "streak"), inhomogeneities in transparent material
* Sollbruchstelle, predetermined breaking point
* [[Spiegeleisen]]
* [[Trommel]]
* [[Umklapp process]] (German spelling: ''Umklappprozess'')
* [[Vierbein]], and variations such as ''vielbein'', in [[general relativity]]
* [[Zitterbewegung]]

=== Politics ===
* [[Superior orders|Befehl ist Befehl]], "an order is an order"
* [[Berufsverbot]]
* [[Kritik]], a type of argument in policy debates
* [[Lumpenproletariat]]
* [[Machtpolitik]], power politics
* [[Putsch]], overthrow of those in power by a small group, coup d'état. (Although commonly understood and used in contemporary High German, too, the word ''putsch'' originates from [[Swiss German]] and is etymologically related to English "push".)
* [[Realpolitik]], "politics of reality": foreign politics based on practical concerns rather than ideology or ethics.
* [[Rechtsstaat]], concept of a state based on law and human rights
* [[Siegerjustiz]]
* [[Überfremdung]]
* [[Vergangenheitsbewältigung]]

=== Psychology ===
* [[Insight|Aha-Erlebnis]] (lit. "aha experience"), a sudden insight or [[wikt:epiphany|epiphany]], compare ''[[eureka (word)|eureka]]''
* [[Angst]], feeling of fear, but more deeply and without concrete object
* [[Eigengrau]] (lit. "intrinsic grey") or also ''[[Eigenlicht]]'' (lit. "intrinsic light"), the colour seen by the eye in perfect darkness
* [[Einstellung effect]], from ''Einstellung'', which means "attitude" here
* [[Ganzfeld effect]], from German ''Ganzfeld'' (lit. "complete field"), a phenomenon of visual perception
* [[Gestalt psychology]] (German spelling: ''Gestaltpsychologie''), holistic psychology
* [[Gestaltzerfall]] (lit. "shape decomposition"), a kind of visual agnosia where a complex, holistic shape (''[[wikt:gestalt|Gestalt]]'') dissolves into its parts for the perceiver
* [[Haltlose personality disorder]], from ''haltlos'' (lit. "without grip"), aimless
* [[Consciousness#Merkwelt|Merkwelt]], "way of viewing the world", "peculiar individual consciousness"
* [[Schadenfreude]], gloating, a malicious satisfaction obtained from the misfortunes of others
* [[Sehnsucht]], a yearning for an ideal alternative
* [[wikt:Sorge|Sorge]], a state of worry, but (like ''Angst'') in a less concrete, more general sense, worry about the world, one's future, etc.
* [[Umwelt]], environment, literally: "surrounding world"; in semiotics, "self-centred world"
* [[Völkerpsychologie]] (lit. "folk psychology"), a 19th-20th century cultural-social psychology framework associated with [[Wilhelm Wundt]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Diriwächter |first=Rainer |url=https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28322/chapter/215051221 |title=Völkerpsychologie |date=2012-05-02 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195396430.013.0003 |access-date=8 August 2022 |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808124702/https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28322/chapter/215051221 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Weltschmerz]] (lit. "world-pain"), a deep feeling of sadness experienced by someone who believes that physical reality can never satisfy the demands of the mind
* [[Child prodigy|Wunderkind]] (lit. "wonder child"), child prodigy
* [[Zeitgeber]] (lit. "time-giver"), something that resets the circadian clock found in the [[suprachiasmatic nucleus]]

=== Sociology ===
* [[Gemeinschaft]], community
* [[Gesellschaft]], society
* [[Herrschaft (sociology)|Herrschaft]], reign
* [[Männerbund]], elite male society
* [[Verstehen]], lit. "understanding", interpretive or participatory examination of social phenomena
* [[Zeitgeist]], spirit of the times or age

=== Theology ===
* Gattung, genre<ref>{{cite book|first=Matthew S.|last=DeMoss|title=Pocket Dictionary for the Study of New Testament Greek|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OrkWI8Rh8nMC&pg=PA59|access-date=9 March 2010|date=1 August 2001|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-1464-0|page=59}}</ref>
* Kunstprosa, artistic prose<ref>{{cite book|first1=Richard N.|last1=Soulen|author2=R. Kendall Soulen|title=Handbook of biblical criticism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ooGh9TTe0jUC&pg=PA97|access-date=9 March 2010|date=November 2001|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|isbn=978-0-664-22314-4|page=97}}</ref>
* [[Sitz im Leben]] (setting in life, context)

== German terms mostly used for literary effect ==
There are a few terms which are recognised by many English speakers but are usually only used to deliberately evoke a German context:

* [[Autobahn]] – particularly common in [[British English]] and [[American English]] referring specifically to German motorways.
* [[wiktionary:Achtung|Achtung]] – lit. "attention"
* [[wiktionary:Frau|Frau]] and [[Fräulein]] – woman and young woman or girl, respectively, in English. Indicating marital state, with Frau – Mrs. and ''Fräulein'' – Miss; in Germany, however, the diminutive ''Fräulein'' lapsed from common usage in the late 1960s. Regardless of marital status, a woman is now commonly referred to as ''Frau'', because from 1972 the term ''Fräulein'' has been officially phased out for being politically incorrect and should only be used if expressly authorized by the woman concerned.
* [[Führer]] (umlaut is usually dropped in English) – always used in English to denote [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] or to connote a fascistic leader – never used, as is possible in German, simply and unironically to denote a (non-fascist) leader or guide (e.g. Bergführer: [[mountain guide]], Stadtführer: city guide [book], Führerschein: driving licence, Geschäftsführer: managing director, Flugzeugführer: [[Pilot in command]])
* [[Gott mit uns]] – meaning "God be with us", the motto of the Prussian king was used as a morale slogan amongst soldiers in both World Wars. It was bastardized as "Got mittens" by American and British soldiers, and is usually used nowadays, because of the German defeat in both wars, derisively to mean that wars are not won on religious grounds.
* [[wiktionary:Hände hoch|Hände hoch]] – "hands up"
* [[wiktionary:Herr|Herr]] – in modern German either the equivalent of Mr. (Mister), to address an adult man, or "master" over something or someone (e.g. ''Sein eigener Herr sein'': to be his own master). Derived from the adjective ''hehr'', meaning "honourable" or "senior", it was historically a nobleman's title, equivalent to "Lord". (''Herr der Fliegen'' is the German title of ''[[Lord of the Flies]]''.) In a religious context it refers to God.
* [[Ich bin ein Berliner]] – famous quotation by [[John F. Kennedy]]
* [[Leitmotif]] (German spelling: ''Leitmotiv'') – any sort of recurring theme, whether in music, literature, or the life of a fictional character or a real person.
* [[Meister]] – used as a suffix to mean expert (''Maurermeister'') or master; in Germany it means also champion in sports (''Weltmeister'', ''Europameister'', ''Landesmeister'')
* [[wiktionary:Nein|Nein]] – no
* [[wikt:Raus|Raus]] – meaning ''Out!'' – shortened (colloquial) (depending on where the speaker is, if on the inside "get out!" = ''hinaus'', if on the outside "come out!" = ''heraus''). It is the [[Imperative mood|imperative]] form of the German [[verb]] ''hinausgehen'' (getting out (of a room/house/etc.)) as in the imperative ''gehen Sie raus''!).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-german/out%20+%20hand |title=Hinaus or Heraus |access-date=4 November 2008 |archive-date=3 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203033840/http://dictionary.reverso.net/english-german/out%20+%20hand |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Reich]] – from the Middle High German ''rich'', as a noun it means "empire" or "realm", cf. the English word ''bishopric''. In titles as part of a compound noun, for example ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'', it is equivalent to the English word "national" or possibly ''federal'' (the words "Reich" and "Bund" are somewhat exchangeable in recent history, with the exception of the Nazi state which continued to call itself Reich despite abolishing states). For instance ''Reichsbahn'' ([German] National/Federal Railway), or ''Reichspost'' (National/Federal Postal Service), specifically indicating in either case that the respective institutions were organised by central authority (called the German Reich at the time), not the states. To some English – and German – speakers, ''Reich'' in English strongly connotes Nazism and is sometimes used to suggest fascism or authoritarianism, e.g. "Herr Reichsminister" used as a title for a disliked politician.
* Ja – yes
* [[wiktionary:jawohl|Jawohl]] – a German term that connotes an emphatic ''yes'' – "Yes, indeed!" in English. It is often equated to "yes, sir" in Anglo-American military films, since it is also a term typically used as an acknowledgement for military commands in the German military.
* Schnell! – "Quick!" or "Quickly!"
* [[Kommandant]] – commander (in the sense of ''person in command'' or [[commanding officer]], regardless of military rank), used often in the military in general (''Standortkommandant'': [[Military base|base]] commander), on battleships and [[U-boat]]s (''Schiffskommandant'' or ''U-Boot-Kommandant''), sometimes used on civilian ships and aircraft.
* [[Wunderbar (disambiguation)|Wunderbar]] – wonderful

==Terms rarely used in English==
<!-- If a term in this list is common in a particular academic discipline, then please move it to one of the lists above. -->
* [[Ampelmännchen]]
* Besserwisser – someone who always "knows better"
* [[Bullshit|Bockmist]], lit. "billy goat's dung", meaning "nonsense" or "rubbish"
* [[wikt:eierlegende Wollmilchsau|Eierlegende Wollmilchsau]] – literally "egg-laying wool-milk-sow", a hypothetical solution, object or person fulfilling unrealistically many different demands; also referring sometimes to a (really existing) object, concept or person like this, for example a [[multi-tool]] or exceptionally versatile person (jack of all trades)
* [[Fahrvergnügen]] – "driving pleasure"; introduced in a [[Volkswagen]] advertising campaign
* [[wiktionary:Fremdscham|Fremdscham]], "vicarious shame", the shame felt for the behavior of someone else
* [[Gastarbeiter]] – "guest worker", foreign-born worker
* [[wiktionary:Geisterfahrer|Geisterfahrer]] – "ghost driver", a wrong-way driver; one who drives in the direction opposite to that prescribed for the given lane.
* [[Götterdämmerung]] – "Twilight of the Gods", a disastrous conclusion of events (also a music drama by Richard Wagner)
* [[Kobold]] – small mischievous fairy creature, traditionally translated as "goblin", "hobgoblin" or "imp"
* [[Ordnung muss sein]] – "There must be order." This proverbial phrase illustrates the importance that German culture places upon order.
* [[wikt:Schmutz|Schmutz]] – smut, dirt, filth
* [[wiktionary:über alles|... über alles]] – "above all", originally from "Deutschland über alles", the first line of [[August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben|Hoffmann von Fallersleben]]'s poem "[[Das Lied der Deutschen]]" (The Song of the Germans); see also [[Über alles (disambiguation)]].
* [[wiktionary:Verschlimmbessern|Verschlimmbessern]] – to make something worse in an honest but failed attempt to improve it
* [[Vorsprung durch Technik]] – "competitive edge through technology", used in an advertising campaign by [[Audi]]
* [[Zweihänder]] – two-handed sword

== German quotations used in English ==
Some famous English quotations are translations from German. On rare occasions an author will quote the original German as a sign of erudition.

* ''Muss es sein? Es muss sein!'': "Must it be? It must be!" – [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]
* ''Der Krieg ist eine bloße Fortsetzung der Politik mit anderen Mitteln'': "War is politics by other means" (literally: "War is a mere continuation of politics by other means") – [[Carl von Clausewitz|Clausewitz]]: "Vom Kriege", Book I, Chapter 1, Section 24
* ''Ein Gespenst geht um in Europa – das Gespenst des Kommunismus'': "A spectre is haunting Europe – the spectre of communism" – ''[[The Communist Manifesto]]''
* ''Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt euch!'': "[[Workers of the world, unite!]]" – ''[[The Communist Manifesto]]''
* ''Gott würfelt nicht'': "God does not play dice" – [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]]
* ''Raffiniert ist der Herrgott, aber boshaft ist er nicht'': "Subtle is the Lord, but malicious He is not" – [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]]
* ''Wir müssen wissen, wir werden wissen'': "We must know, we will know" – [[David Hilbert]]
* ''Was kann ich wissen? Was soll ich tun? Was darf ich hoffen? Was ist der Mensch?'': "What can I know? What shall I do? What may I hope? What is Man?" – [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]: ''[[Critique of Practical Reason|Kritik der praktischen Vernunft]]''
* ''Die ganzen Zahlen hat der liebe Gott gemacht, alles andere ist Menschenwerk'': "God made the integers, all the rest is the work of man" – [[Leopold Kronecker]]
* ''Hier stehe ich, ich kann nicht anders. Gott helfe mir. Amen!'': "Here I stand, I cannot do differently. God help me. Amen!" – attributed to [[Martin Luther]]
* ''Wovon man nicht sprechen kann, darüber muss man schweigen'': "Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent" – [[Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]]
* ''Einmal ist keinmal'': "What happens once might as well never have happened." literally "once is never" – a common German phrase and the theme of ''[[The Unbearable Lightness of Being]]'' by [[Milan Kundera]]
* ''Es lebe die Freiheit'': "Long live freedom" – [[Hans Scholl]]
* ''Arbeit macht frei'': "Labour creates freedom" literally "work makes (you) free" – A phrase written over the entranceway of extermination camps in the Holocaust.

== See also ==
* [[Germanism (linguistics)]]
* [[List of pseudo-German words adapted to English]]
* [[List of English words of Dutch origin]]
* [[List of English words of Yiddish origin]]
* [[Anglish]]
* [[Denglisch]]
* [[Yinglish]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*J. Alan Pfeffer, Garland Cannon, ''German Loanwords in English: An Historical Dictionary'', [[Cambridge University Press]]. 1994.

== External links ==
* [http://www.germanenglishwords.com Dictionary of Germanisms]
* [http://spreadgermanisms.com User-generated collection of Germanisms], including images of spottings.
* [http://www.economics.soton.ac.uk/staff/aldrich/Mathematical%20Words.htm Mathematical Words: Origins and Sources] (John Aldrich, University of Southampton) See Section on Contribution of German.
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
* [http://germanic-studies.org/High-German-loanwords-in-English.htm High German loanwords in English]

{{English words of foreign origin}}

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[[Category:Germany-related lists|English Expressions]]
[[Category:German language|English Expressions]]
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[[Category:Lists of English words of foreign origin|German]]
[[Category:Lists of loanwords of Germanic origin|English]]