Editing List of operating systems

{{Short description|None}}
This is a '''list of operating systems'''. Computer [[operating system]]s can be categorized by technology, ownership, licensing, working state, usage, and by many other characteristics. In practice, many of these groupings may overlap. Criteria for inclusion is notability, as shown either through an existing Wikipedia article or citation to a reliable source.

==Proprietary==
===Acorn Computers===
* [[Arthur (operating system)|Arthur]]
* [[ARX (operating system)|ARX]]
* [[Acorn MOS|MOS]]
* [[RISC iX]]
* [[RISC OS]]

===Amazon===
* [[Fire OS]]

===Amiga Inc.===
* [[AmigaOS]]
** [[AmigaOS versions|AmigaOS 1.0-3.9]] (Motorola 68000)
** [[AmigaOS 4]] (PowerPC)
* [[Amiga Unix]] (a.k.a. Amix)

===Amstrad===
* [[AMSDOS]]
* [[Contiki]]
* [[CP/M 2.2]]
* [[CP/M Plus]]
* [[SymbOS]]

===Apple===
* [[Apple II]]
** [[Apple DOS]]
** [[Apple Pascal]]
** Apex (Colorado School of Mines)
** [[Apple ProDOS|ProDOS]]
** [[Apple GS/OS|GS/OS]]
** [[GNO/ME]]
** [[Contiki]]
* [[Apple III]]
** [[Apple SOS]]
* [[Apple Lisa]]
* [[Mac (computer)|Mac]]
** [[Classic Mac OS]]
** [[A/UX]] ([[UNIX System V]] with [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]] extensions)
** [[Copland (operating system)|Copland]]
** [[MkLinux]]
** [[Taligent|Pink]]
** [[Rhapsody (operating system)|Rhapsody]]
** [[macOS]] (formerly Mac OS X and OS X)
*** [[macOS Server]] (formerly Mac OS X Server and OS X Server)
* [[Apple Network Server]]
** [[IBM AIX]] (Apple-customized)
* [[MessagePad|Apple MessagePad]]
** [[Newton OS]]
* [[iPhone]] and [[iPod Touch]]
** [[iOS]] (formerly iPhone OS)
*** [[iPad]]
**** [[iPadOS]]
*** [[Apple Watch]]
**** [[watchOS]]
*** [[Apple TV]]
**** [[tvOS]]
*** Embedded operating systems
**** [[bridgeOS]]
*** [[Apple Vision Pro]]
**** [[visionOS]]
* Embedded operating systems
** [[A/ROSE]]
** [[iPod software]] (unnamed embedded OS for [[iPod]])
** Unnamed [[NetBSD]] variant for [[Airport Extreme]] and [[Time Capsule (Apple)|Time Capsule]]

===Apollo Computer, Hewlett-Packard===
* [[Domain/OS]] – One of the first network-based systems. Run on [[Apollo/Domain]] hardware. Later bought by [[Hewlett-Packard]].

===Atari===
* [[Atari DOS]] (for 8-bit computers)
* [[Atari TOS]]
* [[MultiTOS|Atari MultiTOS]]
* [[Contiki]] (for 8-bit, ST, Portfolio)

===BAE Systems===
* [[XTS-400]]

===Be Inc.===
* [[BeOS]]
** [[BeIA]]
** [[Dano (BeOS)|BeOS r5.1d0]]
*** [[magnussoft ZETA]] (based on [[Dano (BeOS)|BeOS r5.1d0]] source code, developed by [[yellowTAB]])

===Bell Labs===
* [[Unix]] ("Ken's new system," for its creator ([[Ken Thompson]]), officially Unics and then Unix, the prototypic operating system created in Bell Labs in 1969 that formed the basis for the [[List of Unix systems|Unix family]] of operating systems)
** UNIX Time-Sharing System v1
** UNIX Time-Sharing System v2
** UNIX Time-Sharing System v3
** UNIX Time-Sharing System v4
** UNIX Time-Sharing System v5
** [[Version 6 Unix|UNIX Time-Sharing System v6]]
*** MINI-UNIX
*** [[PWB/UNIX]]
**** USG
***** [[CB Unix]]
** [[Version 7 Unix|UNIX Time-Sharing System v7]] (It is from Version 7 Unix (and, to an extent, its descendants listed below) that almost all Unix-based and Unix-like operating systems descend.)
*** [[UNIX System III|Unix System III]]
*** Unix System IV
*** [[UNIX System V|Unix System V]]
**** Unix System V Releases 2.0, 3.0, 3.2, 4.0, and 4.2
** [[Version 8 Unix|UNIX Time-Sharing System v8]]
** [[Version 9 Unix|UNIX Time-Sharing System v9]]
** [[Version 10 Unix|UNIX Time-Sharing System v10]]

Non-Unix Operating Systems:
* [[BESYS]]
* [[Plan 9 from Bell Labs]]
* [[Inferno (operating system)|Inferno]]

===Burroughs Corporation, Unisys===
* [[Burroughs MCP]]

===CII===
* [[Siris 8]]

===Commodore International===
* [[GEOS (8-bit operating system)|GEOS]]
* [[AmigaOS]]
* [[AROS Research Operating System]]

===Control Data Corporation===
====Lower 3000 series====
* [[CDC SCOPE|SCOPE]] (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution)<ref>{{cite book
 |     title = 3200 Computer System SCOPE/COMPASS Reference Manual
 |        id = 60057700
 |      date = September 1964
 |       url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/3x00/24bit/3200/60057700_3200_SCOPE_COMPASS_Reference_Manual_Sep64.pdf
 | publisher = Control Data Corporation
 }}
</ref>
<!-- Add MASTER, MSOS, etc. -->

====Upper 3000 series====
* [[CDC SCOPE|SCOPE]] (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution)<ref>{{cite book
 |     title = 3600 Computer System SCOPE/Reference Manual
 |        id = 60053300
 |      date = September 1964
 |       url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/3x00/48bit/scope/60053300_SCOPE_Ref_Sep64.pdf
 | publisher = Control Data Corporation
 }}
</ref>
** Drum SCOPE<ref>{{cite book
 |     title = 3600 3800 Computer Systems Drum SCOPE/MSIO Operating Guide
 |        id = 60059200B
 |      date = July 1967
 |       url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/3x00/48bit/scope/60059200B_Drum_SCOPE_Ref_Jul67.pdf
 | publisher = Control Data Corporation
 }}
</ref>

====6x00 and related Cyber====
* [[Chippewa Operating System]] (COS)<ref>{{cite book
 |     title = 6000 Series Computer Systems Chippewa Operating System Reference Manual
 |        id = 60134400
 |      date = December 1965
 |       url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/cyber_70/chippewa/60134400_Chippewa_OS_RefMan_Dec65.pdf
 | publisher = Control Data Corporation
 }}
</ref>
** MACE (Mansfield and Cahlander Executive)
*** [[CDC Kronos|Kronos]] (Kronographic OS)<ref>{{cite book
 |     title = KRONOS 2.1 Reference Manual Volume 1 of 2
 |        id = 60407000D
 |      date = June 17, 1975
 |       url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/cyber_70/kronos/60407000D_KRONOS2.1v1_Jun75.pdf
 | publisher = Control Data Corporation
 }}
</ref>
**** [[NOS (operating system)|NOS]] (Network Operating System)<ref>{{cite book
 |     title = NOS Version 1 Reference Manual Volume 1 of 2
 |        id = 60435400M
 |      date = December 5, 1980
 |       url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/nos/60435400M_NOS_Version_1_Reference_Manual_Volume_1_Dec80.pdf
 | publisher = Control Data Corporation
 }}
</ref><ref>{{cite book
 |     title = NOS Version 1 Reference Manual Volume 2 of 2
 |        id = 60445300M
 |      date = December 5, 1980
 |       url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/nos/60445300M_NOS_Version_1_Reference_Manual_Volume_2_Dec80.pdf
 | publisher = Control Data Corporation
 }}
</ref>
***** [[NOS/VE]] (NOS Virtual Environment)
** [[CDC SCOPE|SCOPE]] (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution)<ref>{{cite book
 |     title = Control Data 6400/6600 Computer Systems SCOPE Reference Manual
 |        id = 60173800
 |      date = September 1966
 |       url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/scope/60173800_ScopeRefMan_Sep66.pdf
 | publisher = Control Data Corporation
 }}
</ref>
*** NOS/BE NOS Batch Environment<ref>{{cite book
 |     title = NOS/BE Version 1 Reference Manual
 |        id = 60493800E
 |      date = June 13, 1978
 |       url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/nos/60493800E_NOS_BE_Version_1_Ref_Jun78.pdf
 | publisher = Control Data Corporation
 }}
</ref>
* SIPROS (Simultaneous Processing Operating System)<ref>{{cite book
 |     title = 6600 Computer System Operating System/Reference Manual SIPROS 66
 |        id = 60101800A
 |   edition = First
 |       url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/cyber_70/sipros/60101800A_SIPROS66ref_1965.pdf
 | publisher = Control Data Corporation
 }}
</ref>
<!-- Is http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/CDC_Operating_System_History_Mar76.pdf appropriate? -->

====Star-100====
[[Multiple Console Time Sharing System]] (MCTS), from General Motors Research

===CloudMosa===
* [[Puffin OS]]

===Convergent Technologies===
* [[Convergent Technologies Operating System]] (CTOS) – later acquired by [[Unisys]]

===Cromemco===
* [[Cromemco DOS]] (CDOS) – a Disk Operating system compatible with [[CP/M]]
* [[Cromix]] – a multitasking, multi-user, [[Unix]]-like OS for [[Cromemco]] microcomputers with [[Zilog Z80|Z80A]] and/or [[Motorola 68000|68000]] CPU

===Data General===
* [[Data General AOS|AOS]] for 16-bit [[Data General Eclipse]] computers and [[Data General AOS|AOS/VS]] for 32-bit (MV series) Eclipses, MP/AOS for microNOVA-based computers
* [[DG/UX]]
* [[Data General RDOS|RDOS]] Real-time Disk Operating System, with variants: RTOS and DOS (not related to [[PC DOS]], [[MS-DOS]] etc.)

===Datapoint===
* CTOS Cassette Tape Operating System for the [[Datapoint 2200]]<ref>{{cite book|url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/datapoint/software/Datapoint_2200_Cassette_Tape_Operating_System_May1972.pdf|title=Datapoint 2200 Cassette Tape Operating System|date=May 1972|publisher=[[Datapoint]]}}</ref>
* DOS Disk Operating System for the Datapoint 2200, 5500, and 1100<ref>{{cite book|url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/datapoint/software/50127_Datapoint_DOS_UsersGuide_Feb75.pdf|title=Disk Operating System DOS. User's Guide|date=February 1975|publisher=[[Datapoint]]}}</ref>

===DDC-I, Inc.===
* [[Deos]] – Time & Space Partitioned RTOS, Certified to DO-178B, Level A since 1998
* [[HeartOS]] – POSIX-based Hard Real-Time Operating System

===Digital Research, Inc.===
* [[CP/M]]
** [[CP/M]] CP/M for [[Intel 8080]]/[[Intel 8085|8085]] and [[Zilog Z80]]
*** [[Personal CP/M]], a refinement of CP/M
*** [[CP/M Plus]] with BDOS 3.0
** [[CP/M-68K]] CP/M for [[Motorola 68000]]
** [[CP/M-8000]] CP/M for [[Zilog Z8000]]
** [[CP/M-86]] CP/M for [[Intel 8088]]/[[Intel 8086|8086]]
*** [[CP/M-86 Plus]]
*** [[Personal CP/M-86]]
** [[MP/M]] Multi-user version of CP/M-80
*** [[MP/M II]]
** [[MP/M-86]] Multi-user version of CP/M-86
*** [[MP/M 8-16]], a dual-processor variant of MP/M for 8086 and 8080 CPUs.
** [[Concurrent CP/M]], the successor of CP/M-80 and MP/M-80
** [[Concurrent CP/M-86]], the successor of CP/M-86 and MP/M-86
*** [[Concurrent CP/M 8-16]], a dual-processor variant of Concurrent CP/M for 8086 and 8080 CPUs.
** [[Concurrent CP/M-68K]], a variant for the 68000
* [[DOS]]
** [[Concurrent DOS]], the successor of Concurrent CP/M-86 with PC-MODE
*** [[Concurrent PC DOS]], a Concurrent DOS variant for IBM compatible PCs
*** [[Concurrent DOS 8-16]], a dual-processor variant of Concurrent DOS for 8086 and 8080 CPUs
*** [[Concurrent DOS 286]]
*** [[Concurrent DOS XM]], a real-mode variant of Concurrent DOS with EEMS support
*** [[Concurrent DOS 386]]
**** [[Concurrent DOS 386/MGE]], a Concurrent DOS 386 variant with advanced graphics terminal capabilities
** [[Concurrent DOS 68K]], a port of Concurrent DOS to Motorola 68000 CPUs with DOS source code portability capabilities
** [[FlexOS]] 1.0 – 2.34, a derivative of Concurrent DOS 286
*** [[FlexOS 186]], a variant of FlexOS for terminals
*** [[FlexOS 286]], a variant of FlexOS for hosts
**** [[Siemens S5-DOS/MT]], an industrial control system based on FlexOS
**** [[IBM 4680 OS]], a [[point of sale|POS]] operating system based on FlexOS
**** [[IBM 4690 OS]], a POS operating system based on FlexOS
***** [[Toshiba 4690 OS]], a POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS
*** [[FlexOS 386]], a later variant of FlexOS for hosts
**** [[IBM 4690 OS]], a POS operating system based on FlexOS
***** [[Toshiba 4690 OS]], a POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS
*** [[FlexOS 68K]], a derivative of Concurrent DOS 68K
** [[Multiuser DOS]], the successor of Concurrent DOS 386
*** [[CCI Multiuser DOS]]
*** [[Datapac Multiuser DOS]]
**** [[Datapac System Manager]], a derivative of Datapac Multiuser DOS
*** [[IMS Multiuser DOS]]
**** IMS [[REAL/32]], a derivative of Multiuser DOS
***** IMS [[REAL/NG]], the successor of REAL/32
** [[DOS Plus]] 1.1 – 2.1, a single-user, multi-tasking system derived from Concurrent DOS 4.1 – 5.0
** [[DR-DOS]] 3.31 – 6.0, a single-user, single-tasking native DOS derived from Concurrent DOS 6.0
*** Novell [[PalmDOS]] 1.0
*** Novell [[Star Trek project|"Star Trek"]]
*** [[Novell DOS]] 7, a single-user, multi-tasking system derived from DR DOS
*** Caldera [[OpenDOS]] 7.01
*** Caldera [[DR-DOS]] 7.02 and higher

===Digital Equipment Corporation, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Hewlett Packard Enterprise===
* [[DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11|Batch-11/DOS-11]]
* [[OS/8]]
* [[RSTS/E]] – multi-user time-sharing OS for [[PDP-11]]s
* [[RSX-11]] – multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s
* [[RT-11]] – single user OS for PDP-11
* [[TOPS-10]] – for the PDP-10
* [[TENEX (operating system)|TENEX]] – an ancestor of [[TOPS-20]] from [[BBN Technologies|BBN]], for the PDP-10
* [[TOPS-20]] – for the PDP-10
* [[DEC MICA]] – for the [[DEC PRISM]]
* [[Tru64 UNIX|Digital UNIX]] – derived from OSF/1, became HP's [[Tru64 UNIX]]
* [[Ultrix]]
* [[OpenVMS|VMS]] – originally by [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] (now by VMS Software Inc.) for the [[VAX]] mini-computer range; later renamed OpenVMS and ported to [[DEC Alpha|Alpha]], and subsequently ported to Intel [[Itanium]] and then to [[x86-64]]
* [[WAITS]] – for the PDP-6 and PDP-10

===ENEA AB===
* [[Operating System Embedded|OSE]] – Flexible, small footprint, high-performance RTOS for control processors

===Fujitsu===
* [[Towns OS]]
* XSP
* [[OS/IV]]
* [[MSP (operating system)|MSP]]
* [[MSP-EX]]

===GEC Computers===
* COS
* DOS
* [[OS4000]]

===General Electric, Honeywell, Bull===
* [[Real-Time Multiprogramming Operating System]]
* [[General Comprehensive Operating System|GCOS]]
* [[Multics]]

===Google===
[[File:Foldable smartphone (Android OS).jpg|upright|thumb|220px|[[Android (operating system)|Android OS]] on the [[Samsung Galaxy Z series|Samsung Galaxy Z]] smartphones]]

* [[ChromiumOS]] is an open source operating system development version of ChromeOS. Both operating systems are based on the [[Linux]] kernel.
** [[ChromeOS]] is designed to work exclusively with web applications, though has been updated to run Android apps with full support for Google Play Store. Announced on July 7, 2009, ChromeOS is currently publicly available and was released summer 2011. The ChromeOS source code was released on November 19, 2009, under the BSD license as ChromiumOS.
** [[Container-Optimized OS]] (COS) is an operating system that is optimized for running Docker containers, based on [[ChromiumOS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cloud.google.com/container-optimized-os/docs|title=Container-Optimized OS from Google documentation|website=[[Google Cloud Platform]]}}</ref>
* [[Android (operating system)|Android]] is an operating system for mobile devices. It consists of [[Android Runtime]] (userland) with Linux (kernel), with its Linux kernel modified to add drivers for mobile device hardware and to remove unused Vanilla Linux drivers.
* [[gLinux]], a Linux distribution that Google uses internally
* [[Fuchsia (operating system)|Fuchsia]] is a [[Capability-based operating system|capability-based]] [[Real-time operating system|real-time]] operating system (RTOS) [[Scalability|scalable]] to universal devices, in early development, from the tiniest [[Embedded system|embedded]] hardware, [[Smartwatch|wristwatches]], tablets to the largest personal computers. Unlike ChromeOS and Android, it is not based on the Linux kernel, but instead began on a new microkernel called "Zircon", derived from "Little Kernel".
* [[Wear OS]] a version of [[Google]]'s [[Android (operating system)|Android]] [[operating system]] designed for [[smartwatch]]es and other [[Wearable computer|wearables]].

===Green Hills Software===
* [[Integrity (operating system)|INTEGRITY]] – Reliable Operating system
* [[INTEGRITY-178B]] – A DO-178B certified version of [[Integrity (operating system)|INTEGRITY]].
* ''[[Green Hills Software#Real-time operating systems|μ-velOSity]]'' – A lightweight [[microkernel]].

===Harris Computer Systems ===
* [[Vulcan O/S]] – Proprietary O/S for [[Harris Computer Systems]] (HCX)
* [[CX/UX]] – Proprietary UNIX based OS for Harris' computers (MCX)

===Heathkit, Zenith Data Systems===
* [[HDOS]] – ran on the [[Heathkit H8|H8]] and Heath/[[Zenith Z-89]] series
* [[Heathkit H11#Specifications|HT-11]] – a modified version of [[RT-11]] that ran on the [[Heathkit H11]]

===Hewlett-Packard, Hewlett Packard Enterprise===
* [[HP Multi-Programming Executive]] (MPE, MPE/XL, and MPE/iX) – runs on HP 3000 and HP e3000 mini-computers
* [[HP-UX]] – runs on HP9000 and Itanium servers (from small to mainframe-class computers)

===Honeywell===
* [[Honeywell CP-6|CP-6]], CP-V work-alike for Honeywell Level/66

===Huawei===
* [[HarmonyOS]]
* [[HarmonyOS NEXT]]
* [[LiteOS]]
* [[EulerOS]]

===Intel Corporation===
* [[RMX (operating system)|iRMX]] – real-time operating system originally created to support the Intel 8080 and 8086 processor families in embedded applications.
* [[ISIS (operating system)|ISIS]], [[ISIS-II]] – "Intel Systems Implementation Supervisor" was an environment for development of software within the Intel microprocessor family in the early 1980s on their [[Intellec]] Microcomputer Development System and clones. ISIS-II worked with 8&nbsp;inch floppy disks and had an editor, cross-assemblers, a linker, an object locator, debugger, compilers for [[PL/M]], a BASIC interpreter, etc. and allowed file management through a console.
* [[iMAX 432]] - an operating system for systems based on Intel's [[iAPX 432]] architecture.

===IBM===
{{further|History of IBM mainframe operating systems}}

====On early mainframes: 1410, 7010, 704, 709, 7090, 7094, 7040, 7044, 7030====<!--IBM-->
* [[BESYS]] – for the [[IBM 7090]]
* [[Compatible Time-Sharing System]] (CTSS) – developed at MIT's Computation Center for use on a modified [[IBM 7094]]
* '''FORTRAN Monitor System''' (FMS) – for the [[IBM 709]] and [[IBM 7090|7090]]
* [[GM-NAA I/O|GM OS & GM-NAA I/O]] – for the [[IBM 704]]
* [[IBM 7090/94 IBSYS|IBSYS]] – tape based operating system for [[IBM 7090]] and [[IBM 7094]]
* '''7040/7044 Operating System (16/32K)''' - 7040-PR-150
* [[IJMON]] – A bootable serial I/O monitor for loading programs for the [[IBM 1400 series]]{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* '''1410 Processor Operating System''' (PR-155) for the [[IBM 1410|1410]] and [[IBM 7010|7010]]
* [[SHARE Operating System]] (SOS) – for the [[IBM 704]] and [[IBM 709|709]]
* [[University of Michigan Executive System]] (UMES) – for the [[IBM 704]], [[IBM 709|709]], and [[IBM 7090|7090]])

====On S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes====<!--IBM-->
* [[OS/360 and successors]] on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
** [[OS/360]] (first official OS targeted for the [[System/360]] architecture)
*** PCP (Primary Control Program, a kernel and a ground breaking automatic space allocating file system)
*** [[MFT (operating system)|MFT]] (original Multi-programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, replaced by MFT II)
*** [[MFT (operating system)|MFT II]] (Multi-Programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, had up to 15 fixed size application partitions, plus partitions for system tasks, initially defined at boot time but redefinable by operator command)
*** [[Multiprogramming with a Variable number of Tasks|MVT]] (Multi-Programming with a Variable number of Tasks, had up to 15 application regions defined dynamically, plus additional regions for system tasks)
*** '''M65MP''' (MVT with support for a multiprocessor 360/65)
** [[OS/VS]] (port of OS/360 targeted for the [[System/370]] [[virtual memory]] architecture (OS/370 is not the correct name for OS/VS1 and OS/VS2.) OS/VS has the following variations:
*** [[OS/VS1]] (Operating System/Virtual Storage 1, Virtual-memory version of OS/360 MFT II)
**** '''OS/VS1 Basic Programming Extensions''' (BPE) adds device support and VM handshaking
*** OS/VS2 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 2, Virtual-memory version of OS/360 MVT)
****OS/VS2 R1 (Called [[OS/VS2 (SVS)|Single Virtual Storage]] (SVS), Virtual-memory version of OS/360 MVT but without multiprocessing support)
**** OS/VS2 R2 through R3.8 (called [[Multiple Virtual Storage]], MVS, eliminated most need for VS1).
***** MVS/SE (MVS System Extensions)
** MVS/SP (MVS System Product) V1
**'''MVS/370''' refers to OS/VS2 MVS, MVS/SE and MVS/SP Version 1
** [[MVS/XA]] (MVS/SP V2, supports S/370 Extended Architecture, [[31-bit computing|31-bit]] addressing)
** [[MVS/ESA]] (MVS supported Enterprise Systems Architecture, horizontal addressing extensions: data only address spaces called Dataspaces)
*** '''MVS/SP V3'''
*** '''MVS/ESA SP V4''' (a Unix environment was available for MVS/ESA SP V4R3)
*** '''MVS/ESA SP V5''' (the UNIX environment was bundled in this and all subsequent versions)
** [[OS/390]] replacement for MVS/ESA SP V5 with some products bundled
** [[z/OS]] [[z/Architecture]] replacement for OS/390 with [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] virtual addressing
** [[Phoenix (computer)|Phoenix/MVS]] (Developed at [[Cambridge University]])
* [[DOS/360 and successors]] on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
** [[BOS/360]] (early interim version of DOS/360, briefly available at a few Alpha & Beta System/360 sites)
** [[DOS/360 and successors#TOS/360|TOS/360]] (similar to BOS above and more fleeting, able to boot and run from 2x00 series tape drives)
** [[DOS/360 and successors|DOS/360]] (Disk Operating System (DOS), multi-programming system with up to 3 partitions, first commonly available OS for System/360)
*** DOS/360/RJE (DOS/360 with a control program extension that provided for the monitoring of remote job entry hardware (card reader & printer) connected by dedicated phone lines)
** [[DOS/VS]] (First DOS offered on System/370 systems, provided virtual storage)
** [[DOS/VSE]] (also known as VSE, upgrade of DOS/VS, up to 14 fixed size processing partitions )
*** '''VSE/Advanced Functions''' (VSE/AF) - Additional functionality for DOS/VSE
** [[VSE/SP]] (program product including DOS/VSE and VSE/AF)
** VSE/ESA, replaces VSE/SP, supports ESA/370 and [[ESA/390]] with 31-bit addresses
** [[z/VSE]]  (latest version of the four decades old DOS lineage, supports 64-bit addresses, multiprocessing, multiprogramming, SNA, TCP/IP, and some virtual machine features in support of Linux workloads)
* [[CP/CMS]] (Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System) and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
** [[CP-40]]/CMS (for System/360 Model 40)
** [[CP-67]]/CMS (for System/360 Model 67)
** [[VM (operating system)|Virtual Machine Facility/370]] (VM/370) - the CP [[virtual machine]] [[hypervisor]], [[Conversational Monitor System]] (CMS) operating system and supporting facilities for System/370 (24-bit addresses)
*** '''VM/370 Basic System Extensions Program Product''' (VM/BSE, AKA BSEPP) is an enhancement to VM/370
*** '''VM/370 System Extensions Program Product''' (VM/SE, AKA SEPP) is an enhancement to VM/370 that includes the facilities of VM/BSE
** '''Virtual Machine/System Product''' (VM/SP)  replaces VM/370, VM/BSE and VM/SE.
** '''Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture''' (VM/XA) refers to three versions of VM that support System/370 Extended Architecture (S/370-XA) with 31-bit virtual addresses
*** '''Virtual Machine/Extended architecture Migration Aid''' (VM/XA MA) - Intended for MVS/370 to MVS/XA migration
*** '''Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture Systems Facility''' (VM/XA SF) - new release of VM/XA MA with additional functionality
*** '''Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Product''' (VM/XA SP) - Replaces VM/SP, VM/SP HPO and VM/XA SF
** '''Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture''' (VM/ESA), supports S/370, ESA/370 and [[ESA/390]] (a Unix environment was available starting with<ref>{{cite web
 } title     = Availability: VM/ESA Version 2 Release 1.0 with OpenEdition for VM/ESA
 | id        = 295-240
 | date      = June 12, 1995
 | series    = Announcement letters
 | url       = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS295-240
 | publisher = [[IBM]]
 | access-date = March 29, 2024
 }}
</ref> Version 2.)

** [[z/VM]] (z/Architecture version of the VM OS with 64-bit addressing). Starting with Version 3,<ref>{{cite web
 | title        = z/VM V3R1 Enabled for 64-bit Architecture
 | id           = 200-358
 | date         = October 3, 2000
 | url          = https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_ca/8/897/ENUS200-358/index.html
 | series       = Announcement Letters
 | publisher    = [[IBM]]
 | access-date  = January 31, 2022
 | archive-date = December 17, 2021
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20211217151307/https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_ca/8/897/ENUS200-358/index.html
 | url-status   = live
 }}
</ref> the Unix environment was standard.

{{further|History of CP/CMS}}
* TPF Line (Transaction Processing Facility) on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes (largely used by airlines)
** [[IBM Airline Control Program|ACP]] (Airline Control Program)
** [[Transaction Processing Facility|TPF]] (Transaction Processing Facility)
** [[z/TPF]] ([[z/Architecture]] extension)
* [[Unix-like]] on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
** [[IBM AIX#IBM mainframes|AIX/370]] (IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)
** [[IBM AIX#IBM mainframes|AIX/ESA]] (IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)
** [[OpenSolaris for System z]]
** [[Amdahl UTS|UTS]] (developed by Amdahl)
** [[Linux on IBM Z]]
* Others on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes:
** [[BOS/360]] (Basic Operating System)
** [[IBM DPPX|Distributed Processing Programming Executive/370]] (DPPX/370) a port of DDPX from [[IBM 8100|8100]] to S/370.
** [[Michigan Terminal System|MTS]] (Michigan Terminal System, developed by a group of universities in the US, Canada, and the UK for the IBM System/360 Model 67, System/370 series, and compatible mainframes)
** RTOS/360 (IBM's Real Time Operating System, ran on 5 NASA custom System/360-75s)<ref>{{cite conference |url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1476793.1476796 |title=RTOS: extending OS/360 for real time spaceflight control |first=J. L. |last=Johnstone |doi=10.1145/1476793.1476796 |book-title=Proceedings of the May 14–16, 1969, Spring Joint Computer Conference |isbn=9781450379021 |pages=15–27|doi-access=free }}</ref>
** [[TOS/360]] (Tape Operating System)
** [[TSS/360]] (IBM's Time Sharing System)
** [[MUSIC/SP]] (developed by [[McGill University]] for IBM System/370)
** [[ORVYL and WYLBUR]] (developed by [[Stanford University]] for IBM System/360)

====On PC and Intel x86 based architectures====<!--IBM-->
* [[PC DOS]], IBM DOS
** PC DOS 1.x, 2.x, 3.x (developed jointly with Microsoft)
** IBM DOS 4.x, 5.0 (developed jointly with Microsoft)
** PC DOS 6.1, 6.3, 7, 2000, 7.10
{{See also|List of operating systems#Microsoft Corporation|l1=MS-DOS and Windows}}
* [[OS/2]]
** OS/2 1.x (developed jointly with Microsoft)
** OS/2 2.x
** [[OS/2 Warp]] 3 (ported to PPC via [[Workplace OS]])
** [[OS/2 Warp]] 4
** [[eComStation]] (Warp 4.5/Workspace on Demand, rebundled by Serenity Systems International)
** [[ArcaOS]] (Warp 4.52 based system sold by Arca Noae, LLC)
* [[IBM 4680 OS]] version 1 to 4, a [[point of sale|POS]] operating system based on [[Digital Research]]'s [[Concurrent DOS 286]] and [[FlexOS 286]] 1.xx
** [[IBM 4690 OS]] version 1 to 6.3, a successor to 4680 OS based on [[Novell]]'s [[FlexOS 286]]/[[FlexOS 386]] 2.3x
*** [[Toshiba 4690 OS]] version 6.4, a successor to 4690 OS 6.3
* [[Unix-like]] on [[IBM Personal System/2|PS/2]]
** [[IBM AIX#IBM PS/2 series|AIX]] (IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)

====On other hardware platforms====<!--IBM-->
* [[IBM Series/1]]
** [[IBM Series/1#Software support|EDX]] ([[Event Driven Executive]])
** [[IBM Series/1#Software support|RPS]] (Realtime Programming System)
** [[IBM Series/1#Software support|CPS]] (Control Programming Support, subset of RPS)
** [[SerIX]] (Unix on Series/1)
* [[IBM 1130]]
** [[IBM 1130#Operating procedure|DMS]] (Disk Monitor System)
* [[IBM 1800]]
** [[IBM 1800 TSX|TSX]] (Time Sharing eXecutive)
** [[IBM 1800 MPX|MPX]] (Multi Programming eXecutive)
* [[IBM 8100]]
** [[IBM 8100 DPCX|DPCX]] (Distributed Processing Control eXecutive)
** [[IBM 8100 DPPX|DPPX]] (Distributed Processing Programming Executive)
* [[IBM System/3]]
** DMS (Disk Management System)
* [[IBM System/34]], [[IBM System/36]]
** [[System Support Program|SSP]] (System Support Program)
* [[IBM System/38]]
** [[Control Program Facility|CPF]] (Control Program Facility)
* [[IBM System/88]]
** [[Stratus VOS]] (developed by [[Stratus Technologies|Stratus]], and used for IBM [[System/88]], [[Original equipment manufacturer]] from Stratus)
* [[IBM AS/400]], iSeries, System i, [[IBM Power Systems]]
** [[IBM i]] (previously known as OS/400 and i5/OS, descendant of System/38 CPF, includes System/36 SSP and AIX environment)
* [[UNIX]] on [[IBM RT PC]]
** [[Academic Operating System|AOS]] (a BSD Unix version, not related to [[Data General]] AOS)
** [[IBM AIX#IBM RT PC|AIX]] (Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)
* [[UNIX]] on [[IBM POWER Instruction Set Architecture|POWER ISA]], [[PowerPC]], and [[Power ISA]]
** [[IBM AIX#POWER ISA/PowerPC/Power ISA-based systems|AIX]] (Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)
* Others
** [[Workplace OS]] (a [[microkernel]] based operating system including OS/2, developed and canceled in the 1990s)
** [[K42]] (open-source research operating system on [[PowerPC]] or [[x86]] based cache-coherent multiprocessor systems)
** [[Dynix]] (developed by [[Sequent Computer Systems|Sequent]], and used for IBM [[NUMA-Q]] too)

===International Computers Limited===
* [[J (operating system)|J]] and [[MultiJob]] – for the System 4 series mainframes
* [[GEORGE (operating system)|GEORGE]] 2/3/4 GEneral ORGanisational Environment – used by [[International Computers Limited|ICL]] [[ICT 1900 series|1900 series]] mainframes
* [[Edinburgh Multiple Access System]] (EMAS) for the [[ICL System 4/75]], from the [[University of Edinburgh]], later ported to other systems.
* [[Executive (operating system)|Executive]] – used on the 1900 and 290x range of minicomputers. A modified version of Executive was also used as part of GEORGE 3 and 4.
* [[TME (operating system)|TME]] – used on the ME29 minicomputer
* [[ICL VME]] – including early variants VME/B and VME/2900, appearing on the [[ICL 2900 Series]] and Series 39 mainframes, implemented in [[S3 programming language|S3]]
* [[VME/K]] – on early smaller 2900s

===Jide===
* [[Remix OS]]

===Jolla===
* [[Sailfish OS]]

===KaiOS===
* [[KaiOS]]

===Lynx Real-time Systems, LynuxWorks, Lynx Software Technologies===
* [[LynxOS]]

===Meizu===
* [[Flyme OS]]

===Microsoft Corporation===
* [[Xenix]] (licensed version of Unix; licensed to [[Santa Cruz Operation|SCO]] in 1987)
* [[MS-DOS]] (developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0–6.22)
** [[Z-DOS]]
** [[MS-Net]]
** [[MS-DOS 4.0 (multitasking)]]
** [[MS-DOS 7]]
** [[MSX-DOS]] (developed by MS Japan for the MSX 8-bit computer)
** [[DOS/V]]
* [[OS/2]] 1.x (developed jointly with IBM until version 1.3)
** [[LAN Manager]]
* [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] (16-bit and 32-bit preemptive and cooperative multitasking, running atop MS-DOS)
** [[Windows 1.0]] (Windows 1)
** [[Windows 2.0]] (Windows 2 – separate version for i386 processor)
** [[Windows 2.1]] (Windows/286, Windows/386)
** [[Windows 3.0]] (Windows 3)
** [[Windows 3.1x]] (Windows 3.1)
** [[Windows for Workgroups 3.1]] (Codename Snowball)
** [[Windows 3.2]] (Chinese-only release)
** [[Windows for Workgroups 3.11]]
** [[Windows 95]] (codename Chicago – Windows 4.0)
** [[Windows 98]] (codename Memphis – Windows 4.1)
** [[Windows ME|Windows Millennium Edition]] (Windows ME – Windows 4.9)
* [[Windows NT]] (Full 32-bit or 64-bit kernel, not dependent on MS-DOS)
** [[Windows NT 3.1]]
** [[Windows NT 3.5]]
** [[Windows NT 3.51]]
** [[Windows NT 4.0]]
** [[Windows 2000]] (Windows NT 5.0)
** [[Windows XP]] (Windows NT 5.1)
** [[Windows Server 2003]] (Windows NT 5.2)
** [[Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs]] (based on Windows XP)
** [[Windows Vista]] (Windows NT 6.0)
** [[Windows Azure]] (Cloud OS Platform) 2009
** [[Windows Home Server]] (based on Windows Server 2003)
** [[Windows Server 2008]] (based on Windows Vista)
** [[Windows 7]] (Windows NT 6.1)
** [[Windows Server 2008 R2]] (based on Windows 7)
** [[Windows Home Server 2011]] (based on Windows Server 2008 R2)
** [[Windows 8]] (Windows NT 6.2)
** [[Windows RT]]
** [[Windows Phone 8]]
** [[Windows Server 2012]] (based on Windows 8)
** [[Windows 8.1]] (Windows NT 6.3)
** [[Windows Phone 8.1]]
** [[Windows Server 2012 R2]] (based on Windows 8.1)
** [[Windows 10]] (Windows NT 10.0)
** [[Windows 10 Mobile]]
** [[Windows Server 2016]]
** [[Windows Server 2019]]
** [[Windows 11]] (Windows NT 10.0)
** [[Windows Server 2022]]
** [[Windows Server 2025]]
* [[Windows CE]] (OS for handhelds, embedded devices, and real-time applications that is similar to other versions of Windows)
** [[Windows CE 3.0]]
** [[Windows CE 5.0]]
** [[Windows Embedded CE 6.0]]
** [[Windows Embedded Compact 7]]
** [[Windows Embedded Compact 2013]]
** [[Windows Mobile]] (based on Windows CE, but for a smaller form factor)
** [[Windows Phone 7]]
** [[KIN OS]]
* [[Xbox system software]]
** [[Xbox system software#Original Xbox system software|Xbox (first generation) system software]]
** [[Xbox 360 system software]]
** [[Xbox One system software]]
** [[Xbox system software#Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S software|Xbox Series X/S system software]]
* [[Singularity (operating system)|Singularity]] – A research operating system written mostly in [[managed code]] ([[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]])
* [[Midori (operating system)|Midori]] – A managed code operating system
* [[SONiC (operating system)|SONiC]]
* [[Azure Sphere]]
* [[CBL-Mariner]]

===MITS===
* [[Altair DOS]] – An early disk operating system for the [[Altair 8800]] machine.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}

===MontaVista===
* MontaVista [[Mobilinux]]

===Motorola===
* [[VERSAdos]]

===NCR Corporation===
* [[Transaction Management eXecutive|TMX]] – Transaction Management eXecutive.
* [[IMOS]] – Interactive Multiprogramming Operating System (circa 1978), for the NCR Century 8200 series minicomputers.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1980 |title=NCR 8200 Series: Technical and Commercial Documentation |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ncr/NCR_DataPro_Reports/M11-656-40_8007_NCR_8200.pdf |publisher=Datapro Research Corporation |publication-place=Delran, NJ, USA.}}</ref>
* [[NCR VRX|VRX]] – Virtual Resource eXecutive.

===NeXT===
* [[NeXTSTEP]]

===Nintendo===
* [[History of Nintendo#2004–2011: Nintendo DS and Wii|ES]] – a computer operating system developed originally by Nintendo and since 2008 by Esrille. It is open source and runs natively on x86 platforms.
* [[Wii system software]]
* [[Wii U system software]]
* [[Nintendo Switch system software]]

===Novell===
* [[NetWare]] – network operating system providing high-performance network services. Has been superseded by Open Enterprise Server line, which can be based on NetWare or Linux to provide the same set of services.
* [[UnixWare]]
** [[Novell "SuperNOS"]] – a never released merge of NetWare and UnixWare
* [[Novell "Corsair"]]
** [[Novell "Exposé"]]
* [[Open Enterprise Server]] – the successor to NetWare

===Open Mobile Platform===
* [[Aurora OS (Russian Open mobile platform)|Aurora OS]] – the successor to Sailfish OS (not to be confused with a different [[Aurora OS (Eeebuntu)|Aurora OS]])

===Quadros Systems===
* [[RTXC Quadros]] RTOS – proprietary C-based RTOS used in embedded systems

===RCA===
* [[Time Sharing Operating System]] (TSOS) – first OS supporting virtual addressing of the main storage and support for both timeshare and batch interface

===RoweBots===
* DSPnano RTOS – 8/16 Bit Ultra Tiny Embedded Linux Compatible RTOS

===Samsung Electronics===
* [[Bada (operating system)|Bada]]
* [[Tizen]] is an operating system based on the Linux kernel, a project within the Linux Foundation and is governed by a Technical Steering Group (TSG) while controlled by Samsung and backed by Intel. Tizen works on a wide range of Samsung devices including smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, PCs and wearable.
* [[Samsung Smart TV|Orsay]]
* [[One UI]] - Android skin

===Scientific Data Systems (SDS)===
====SDS 900 series====
* [[Berkeley Timesharing System]] for the [[SDS 940]]

====SDS Sigma series====
* [[Universal Time-Sharing System]] CP-V, CP-R
* [[Xerox Operating System]] (XOS)
* GORDO from UCLA<ref>{{cite web |last1=Deloche |first1=G |title=Implementation of the Host - Host Software Procedures in GORDO |url=https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc11 |website=ietf.org |access-date=March 13, 2025}}</ref>
* [[Ésope (operating system)]] from IRIA for the Sigma 7 and CII 10070<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bétourné |first1=Claude  | display-authors=etal |title=ÉSOPE : une étape de la recherche française en systèmes d'exploitation (1968-1972) |journal=Actes du septième Colloque sur l'Histoire de l'Informatique et des Transmissions |date=2004 |pages=173–198 |url=https://inria.hal.science/lirmm-00108869/ |access-date=March 21, 2025 |lang=fr}}</ref>

===SCO, SCO Group===
Source:<ref>{{cite web| url = http://williambader.com/museum/dell/xenixhistory.html| title = SCO History by William Bader| access-date = 2010-03-12 }}</ref>
* [[Xenix]], Unix System III based distribution for the Intel 8086/8088 architecture
** [[Xenix]] 286, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80286 architecture
** [[Xenix]] 386, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80386 architecture
* [[SCO OpenServer|SCO Unix]], SCO UNIX System V/386 was the first volume commercial product licensed by AT&T to use the UNIX System trademark (1989). Derived from AT&T System V Release 3.2 with an infusion of Xenix device drivers and utilities plus most of the SVR4 features
** [[SCO Open Desktop]], the first 32-bit graphical user interface for UNIX Systems running on Intel processor-based computers. Based on [[SCO OpenServer|SCO Unix]]
* [[SCO OpenServer]] 5, AT&T UNIX System V Release 3 based
* [[SCO OpenServer]] 6, SVR5 (UnixWare 7) based kernel with SCO OpenServer 5 application and binary compatibility, system administration, and user environments
* [[UnixWare]]
** [[UnixWare]] 2.x, based on AT&T System V Release 4.2MP
** [[UnixWare]] 7, UnixWare 2 kernel plus parts of 3.2v5 (UnixWare 2 + OpenServer 5 = UnixWare 7). Referred to by [[Santa Cruz Operation|SCO]] as SVR5

===Silicon Laboratories (formerly Micrium Inc.)===
* [[Micro-Controller Operating Systems#History|Micrium OS]] - customized μC/OS-III for Silicon Laboratories's SoC products

===Sinclair Research===
* [[Sinclair BASIC]] was used in the 8-bit home computers from [[Sinclair Research]] and [[Timex Sinclair]]. It was included in the ROM, and the computers booted to the Basic interpreter. Various versions exist, with the latter ones supporting disk drive operations.

===Sony===
* [[PlayStation 3 system software]]
* [[PlayStation 4 system software]]
* [[PlayStation 5 system software]]

===SYSGO===
* [[PikeOS]] – a certified real time operating system for safety and security critical embedded systems

===Tandem Computers, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Hewlett Packard Enterprise===
* [[NonStop (server computers)|NonStop OS]] - formerly Guardian (Tandem), then NonStop Kernel, then NonStop OS; runs on HPE's NonStop line of servers

===Tandy Corporation===
* [[TRSDOS]] – A floppy-disk-oriented OS supplied by Tandy/Radio Shack for their [[TRS-80]] Z80-based line of personal computers. Eventually renamed as LS-DOS or LDOS.
* [[Color BASIC]] – A ROM-based OS created by Microsoft for the [[TRS-80 Color Computer]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Getting Started with Extended Color Basic (Tandy)|url=https://colorcomputerarchive.com/repo/Documents/Manuals/Hardware/Getting%20Started%20With%20Extended%20Color%20Basic%20(Tandy).pdf}}</ref>
* [[NewDos/80]] – A third-party OS for Tandy's TRS-80 personal computers.
* [[DeskMate]] – Operating system created by Tandy Corporation and introduced with the [[Tandy 1000]] computer.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

===TCSC (later NCSC)===
* [[Edos]] – enhanced version of IBM's [[DOS/360]] (and later [[DOS/VS]] and [[DOS/VSE]]) operating system for [[System/360]] and [[System/370]] IBM mainframes

===Texas Instruments===
* [[TI-RTOS|TI-RTOS Kernel]] – Real-time operating system for TI's embedded devices.

===TRON Project===
* [[TRON Project|TRON]] – open [[real-time operating system]] [[kernel (operating system)|kernel]]
* [[T-Kernel]]

===UNIVAC, Unisys===
* [[UNIVAC EXEC I|EXEC I]]
* [[UNIVAC EXEC II|EXEC II]]
* [[EXEC 8]]/OS 1100/[[OS 2200]]
* [[VS/9]], successor to [[Time Sharing Operating System|RCA TSOS]]
* [[OS/4]] for 9000 series

===Wang Laboratories===
* [[Wang Laboratories#Word processors|WPS]] Wang Word Processing System. Micro-code based system.
* [[Wang Laboratories#Wang OIS|OIS]] Wang Office Information System. Successor to the WPS. Combined the WPS and VP/MVP systems.

===Weston Embedded Solutions===
* [[Micro-Controller Operating Systems#μC/OS-II|μC/OS-II]]  – a small pre-emptive priority based multi-tasking kernel
* [[Micro-Controller Operating Systems#μC/OS-III|μC/OS-III]] – a small pre-emptive priority based multi-tasking kernel, with unlimited number of tasks and priorities, and round-robin scheduling
* [[Micro-Controller Operating Systems#History|Cesium RTOS]] - commercial continuation of Micrium's μC/OS-III forked from the open-sources release

===Wind River Systems===
* [[VxWorks]] – Small footprint, scalable, high-performance RTOS for embedded microprocessor based systems.<ref name="windriver.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.windriver.com/products/vxworks/|title=VxWorks|website=www.windriver.com}}</ref>

===Zilog===
* [[Z80-RIO]]

===Other===
====Lisp-based====
* [[Lisp Machines|Lisp Machines, Inc.]] (also known as LMI) used an operating system written in [[MIT]]'s [[Lisp Machine Lisp]].
* [[Symbolics]] [[Genera (operating system)|Genera]] written in a systems dialect of the [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]] programming language called [[ZetaLisp]] and Symbolics [[Common Lisp]]. Genera was ported to a virtual machine for the [[DEC Alpha]] line of computers.
* [[Texas Instruments]]' Explorer [[Lisp machine]] workstations also had systems code written in [[Lisp Machine Lisp]].
* [[Xerox]] 1100 series of Lisp machines used an operating system also written in [[Interlisp]], and was also ported to a virtual machine called "Medley."

====For Elektronika BK====
* [[ANDOS]]
* [[CSI-DOS]]
* [[MK-DOS]]

====Non-standard language-based====
* [[Pilot (operating system)|Pilot]] operating system – written in the [[Mesa (programming language)|Mesa]] language and used on [[Xerox Star]] workstations.
* [[PERQ]] Operating System (POS) – written in PERQ [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]].

====Other proprietary non-Unix-like====
* Operating system for [[Elbrus (computer)|Эльбрус-1 (Elbrus-1)]] and Эльбрус-2 – used for application, job control, system programming,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ixbt.com/cpu/e2k-spec.html |title=Эльбрус Бабаяна и Pentium Пентковского |publisher=Ixbt.com |access-date=2013-09-21}}</ref>  implemented in [[AL-76 programming language|uЭль-76 (AL-76)]].
* [[Business Operating System (software)|Business Operating System]] (BOS) – developed to be ported across microcomputers.
* [[EOS (operating system)|EOS]] – developed by [[ETA Systems]] for use in their [[ETA-10]] line of [[supercomputer]]s
* EMBOS – developed by [[Elxsi]] for use on their [[mini-supercomputer]]s
* [[General Comprehensive Operating System|GCOS]] – a proprietary operating system originally developed by [[General Electric]]
* [[MAI Basic Four]] – An OS implementing [[Business Basic]] from MAI Systems.
* [[Michigan Terminal System]] – Developed by a group of universities in the US, Canada, and the UK for use on the IBM System/360 Model 67, the System/370 series, and compatible mainframes
* [[MUSIC/SP]] – an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM
* OS ES – an operating system for [[ES EVM]]
* [[PC-MOS/386]] – DOS-like, but multiuser/multitasking
* Prolog-Dispatcher – used to control Soviet [[Buran (spacecraft)|Buran]] space shuttle.
* [[SINTRAN III]] – an operating system used with [[Norsk Data]] computers.
* [[SkyOS]] – commercial desktop OS for PCs
* [[SODA (operating system)|SODA]] – used by the [[Odra (computer)|Odra 1204]] computers.<ref>{{cite journal|title=SODA—A Dual Activity Operating System|author=Władysław M. Turski|journal=[[The Computer Journal]]|year=1968|volume=11|issue=2|pages=148–156|doi=10.1093/comjnl/11.2.148|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[THEOS]]
* [[TSX-32]] – a 32-bit operating system for x86 platform.
* TX990/TXDS, [[DX10]] and [[TI-DNOS|DNOS]] – proprietary operating systems for [[TI-990]] minicomputers

====Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant====
* [[Domain/OS|Aegis]] ([[Apollo Computer]])
* [[Amiga Unix]] (Amiga ports of Unix System V release 3.2 with Amiga A2500UX and SVR4 with Amiga A3000UX. Started in 1990, last version was in 1992)
* [[Coherent (operating system)|Coherent]] ([[Unix-like]] OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
* [[DC/OSx]] (DataCenter/OSx&mdash;an operating system developed by [[Pyramid Technology]] for its [[MIPS architecture|MIPS]]-based systems)
* [[DG/UX]] (Data General Corp)
* [[DNIX]] from [[DIAB]]
* DSPnano RTOS (POSIX nanokernel, DSP Optimized, Open Source)
* [[HeliOS]] developed and sold by [[Perihelion Software]] mainly for [[transputer]]-based systems
* [[Interactive Unix]] (a [[porting|port]] of the [[UNIX System V]] [[operating system]] for [[x86|Intel x86]] by [[Interactive Systems Corporation]])
* [[IRIX]] from [[Silicon Graphics|SGI]]
* [[MeikOS]]
* [[NeXTSTEP]] (developed by [[NeXT]]; a Unix-based OS based on the [[Mach (kernel)|Mach]] microkernel)
* [[OS-9]] [[Unix-like]] [[Real-time operating system|RTOS]]. (OS from [[Microware]] for [[Motorola 6809]] based microcomputers)
* OS9/68K [[Unix-like]] [[Real-time operating system|RTOS]]. (OS from [[Microware]] for [[Motorola 68000 series|Motorola 680x0]] based microcomputers; based on [[OS-9]])
* [[OS-9000]] [[Unix-like]] [[Real-time operating system|RTOS]]. (OS from [[Microware]] for [[Intel]] x86 based microcomputers; based on [[OS-9]], written in [[C (programming language)|C]])
* [[OSF/1]] (developed into a commercial offering by [[Digital Equipment Corporation]])
* [[OPENSTEP]]
* [[QNX]] (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
* [[Rhapsody (operating system)|Rhapsody]] (an early form of Mac OS X)
* [[RISC iX]] – derived from BSD 4.3, by Acorn computers, for their [[ARM architecture|ARM]] family of machines
* [[MIPS RISC/os|RISC/os]] (a port by [[MIPS Technologies]] of [[4.3BSD]] for its [[MIPS architecture|MIPS]]-based computers)
* [[RMX (operating system)|RMX]]
* [[SCO UNIX]] (from [[Santa Cruz Operation|SCO]], bought by Caldera who renamed themselves [[SCO Group]])
* [[SINIX]] (a port by [[Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme|SNI]] of [[Unix]] to the [[MIPS architecture]])
* [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]] (from Sun, bought by Oracle; a System V-based replacement for SunOS)
* [[SunOS]] (BSD-based Unix system used on early Sun hardware)
* [[SUPER-UX]] (a port of [[UNIX System V|System V Release 4.2MP]] with features adopted from [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]] and [[Linux]] for [[NEC SX architecture]] [[supercomputer]]s)
* [[UNIX System V|System V]] (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVR4' was the 4th minor release)
* [[Microport (software)|System V/AT, 386]] (The first version of AT&T System V UNIX on the IBM 286 and 386 PCs, ported and sold by [[Microport (software)|Microport]])
* [[Trusted Solaris]] (Solaris with kernel and other enhancements to support [[multilevel security]])
* [[UniFLEX]] ([[Unix-like]] OS from [[Technical Systems Consultants|TSC]] for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Motorola 6809 based computers; e.g. [[SWTPC]], [[Gimix]] and others)
* [[Unicos]] (the version of Unix designed for Cray Supercomputers, mainly geared to vector calculations)
* UTX-32 (Developed by Gould CSD (Computer System Division), a Unix-based OS that included both BSD and System V characteristics. It was one of the first Unix based systems to receive NSA's C2 security level certification.){{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
* [[Zenix]], Zenith corporations Unix (a popular USA electronics maker at the time){{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}

==Non-proprietary==
===Unix or Unix-like===
* [[MINIX]] (study OS developed by [[Andrew S. Tanenbaum]] in the [[Netherlands]])
* [[Berkeley Software Distribution]] (BSD), a variant of Unix originally for [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] [[PDP-11]] and [[VAX]] hardware)
** [[FreeBSD]] (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of [[CSRG]]'s 'BSD Unix')
*** [[DragonFlyBSD]], forked from FreeBSD 4.8
*** [[MidnightBSD]], forked from FreeBSD 6.1
*** [[GhostBSD]]
*** [[TrueOS]] (previously known as PC-BSD), made for desktop/laptop usage, now discontinued
*** [https://nomadbsd.org/ NomadBSD], a project aiming to tend FreeBSD to desktop/laptop needs
** [[NetBSD]] (an embedded device BSD variant)
*** [[OpenBSD]] forked from NetBSD
**** [[Bitrig]] forked from OpenBSD, discontinued
**** FuguIta,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome - FuguIta |url=https://fuguita.org/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=fuguita.org}}</ref> a live OpenBSD fork by a Japanese developer<ref>{{Cite web |title=DistroWatch.com: FuguIta |url=https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=fuguita |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=distrowatch.com}}</ref>
** [[Darwin (operating system)|Darwin]], created by Apple using code from NeXTSTEP, FreeBSD, and NetBSD
* [[GNU]] (also known as GNU/[[GNU Hurd|Hurd]])
* [[Linux]] (see also [[List of Linux distributions]]) (alleged to be GNU/Linux<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.en.html|title=gnu.org|website=www.gnu.org|language=en|access-date=2018-08-24}}</ref> see [[GNU/Linux naming controversy]])
** [[Android (operating system)|Android]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/2012/12/video-what-a-year-for-linux/|title=Video: What a Year for Linux|website=[[The Linux Foundation]]|date=2012-12-13|access-date=2020-06-30}}</ref>
*** [[Android-x86]]
**** [[Remix OS]]
*** [[EulerOS]] - Linux commercial distribution for cloud based software by [[Huawei]]
****[[EulerOS|openEuler]] - open-source community version of EulerOS
****[[EulerOS|NestOS]]  - open-source cloud based operating system based on EulerOS, contributed by openEuler community
* [[Redox (operating system)|Redox]] (written in Rust)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.redox-os.org/|title=Redox - Your Next(Gen) OS - Redox - Your Next(Gen) OS|website=www.redox-os.org}}</ref>
* [[OpenSolaris]]
** [[illumos]], contains original Unix (SVR4) code derived from the [[OpenSolaris]] (discontinued by Oracle in favor of [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]] 11 Express)
*** [[OpenIndiana]], operates under the illumos Foundation. Uses the illumos kernel, which is a derivative of [[OS/Net]], which is basically an [[OpenSolaris]]/[[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]] kernel with the bulk of the drivers, core libraries, and basic utilities.
*** [[Nexenta OS]], based on the illumos kernel with Ubuntu packages
*** [[SmartOS]], an illumos distribution for cloud computing with [[Kernel-based Virtual Machine]] integration.
* [[RTEMS]] (Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems)
* [[Syllable Desktop]]
* [[VSTa]]
* [[Plurix]] (or Tropix<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tropix.nce.ufrj.br/|title=TROPIX: Distribuição e Instalação|website=www.tropix.nce.ufrj.br|access-date=2018-08-24}}</ref>) (by [[Federal University of Rio de Janeiro]] – UFRJ)
* [[TUNIS]] (University of Toronto)
*[[Xv6]] - a simple Unix-like teaching operating system from MIT
*[[SerenityOS]] - aims to be a modern Unix-like operating system, yet with a look and feel that emulates 1990s operating systems such as [[Microsoft Windows]] and the [[classic Mac OS]].

===Non-Unix===
* [[Cosmos (operating system)|Cosmos]] – written in C#
* [[EmuTOS]] - open source [[Atari TOS]] variant
* [[FreeDOS]] – open source [[MS-DOS]] variant
* [[Genode]] – operating system framework for microkernels (written in C++)
* [[Fuchsia (operating system)|Google Fuchsia]]
* [[Haiku (operating system)|Haiku]] – open source inspired by [[BeOS]], in development
* [[Incompatible Timesharing System]] (ITS) – written in the MIDAS [[macro assembler]] language for the [[PDP-6]] and [[PDP-10]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/ai/aim/AIM-161A.pdf|title=ITS 1.5 Reference Manual|page=6|date=July 1969}}</ref> by [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] students
* [[LiteOS]]
* [[MagiC]] - open source [[Atari TOS]] variant
* [[OpenHarmony]] - LiteOS kernel and kernel add-ons side of the kernel tree under Kernel Abstract Layer (KAL) structure
* [[OpenHarmony|Uniproton]] real-time operating system for ultra-low latency and adaptable mixed-critical deployment capabilities contributed by [[EulerOS|openEuler]] community and also part of OpenHarmony add-on kernel
* [[OS/2#Future|osFree]] – OS/2 Warp open source clone
* [[OSv]] – written in C++
* [[Phantom OS]] – persistent object-oriented
* [[ReactOS]] – open source OS designed to be binary compatible with [[Windows NT]] and its variants ([[Windows XP]], [[Windows 2000]], etc.); in development
* [[SharpOS]] – written in .NET C#
* [[Visopsys]] – written in C and assembly by Andy McLaughlin
* [[Quantix]]

==Research==

===Unix or Unix-like===
* [[Plan 9 from Bell Labs]] – distributed OS developed at [[Bell Labs]], based on original Unix design principles yet functionally different and going much further
** [[Inferno (operating system)|Inferno]] – distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs
** [[9front]], a derivative open-source project<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction to 9front {{!}} Hacker News |url=https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12617036 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=news.ycombinator.com}}</ref> made to resurrect Plan 9<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plan9 has been forked: 9front {{!}} Hacker News |url=https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2772718 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=news.ycombinator.com}}</ref> to passionate developers
* [[Research Unix]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tuhs.org/Archive/Caldera-license.pdf|title=Caldera license|date=2002-01-23|access-date=2019-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lemis.com/grog/UNIX/|title=UNIX is free!|website=www.lemis.com|access-date=2018-08-24}}</ref>

===Non-Unix===
* [[Amoeba distributed operating system|Amoeba]] – research OS by [[Andrew S. Tanenbaum]]
* [[Barrelfish (operating system)|Barrelfish]]
* [[Croquet Project|Croquet]]
* [[Extremely Reliable Operating System|EROS]] – microkernel, capability-based
* [[Harmony (operating system)|Harmony]] – realtime, multitasking, multiprocessing message-passing system developed at the National Research Council of Canada.
* [[HelenOS]] – research and experimental operating system
* [[ILIOS]] – Research OS designed for routing
* [[L4 microkernel family|L4]] – second generation microkernel
* [[Mach kernel|Mach]] – from OS kernel research at [[Carnegie Mellon University]]; see [[NeXTSTEP]]
* [[Nemesis (computing)|Nemesis]] – Cambridge University research OS – detailed quality of service abilities
* [[Singularity (operating system)|Singularity]] – experimental OS from Microsoft Research written in [[managed code]] to be highly [[Dependability|dependable]]
* [[Spring (operating system)|Spring]] – research OS from Sun Microsystems
* [[THE multiprogramming system]] – by Dijkstra in 1968, at the [[Eindhoven University of Technology]] in the Netherlands, introduced the first form of software-based memory segmentation, freeing programmers from being forced to use actual physical locations
* [[Thoth (operating system)|Thoth]] – realtime, multiprocess message-passing system developed at the [[University of Waterloo]].
* [[Tock (operating system)|Tock]]
* [[V (operating system)|V]] – from Stanford, early 1980s<ref name="capabook">{{cite web|url=http://homes.cs.washington.edu/~levy/capabook/Chapter7.pdf|title=Capability-Based Computer Systems|publisher=Cs.washington.edu|access-date=2013-09-21}}</ref>
* [[Verve (operating system)|Verve]] – OS designed by Microsoft Research to be verified end-to-end for [[type safety]] and [[memory safety]]
* [[Xinu]] – Study OS developed by [[Douglas E. Comer]] in the United States<ref>"Despite its name suggesting some similarity to Unix, Xinu is a different type of operating system, written with no knowledge of the Unix source code, or compatibility goals. It uses different abstractions, and [[system call]]s, some with names matching those of Unix, but different semantics." 
Garfinkel, Simson; Spafford, Gene; Schwartz, Alan (2003). Practical UNIX and Internet Security. O'Reilly. p. 19.</ref>

==Disk operating systems (DOS)==
{{Main|Disk operating system}}
* [[86-DOS]] (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; licensed to [[Microsoft]], became PC DOS/MS-DOS. Also known by its working title QDOS.)
** [[IBM PC DOS|PC DOS]] (IBM's DOS variant, developed jointly with Microsoft, versions 1.0–7.0, 2000, 7.10)
** [[MS-DOS]] (Microsoft's DOS variant for OEM, developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.x–6.22 Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)
* [[Concurrent CP/M-86]] 3.1 (BDOS 3.1) with [[PC-MODE]] (Digital Research's successor of [[CP/M-86]] and [[MP/M-86]])
** [[Concurrent DOS]] 3.1-4.1 (BDOS 3.1-4.1)
*** [[Concurrent PC DOS]] 3.2 (BDOS 3.2) (Concurrent DOS variant for IBM compatible PCs)
**** [[DOS Plus]] 1.1, 1.2 (BDOS 4.1), 2.1 (BDOS 5.0) (single-user, multi-tasking system derived from Concurrent DOS 4.1-5.0)
*** [[Concurrent DOS 8-16]] (dual-processor variant of Concurrent DOS for 8086 and 8080 CPUs)
*** [[Concurrent DOS 286]] 1.x
**** [[FlexOS]] 1.00-2.34 (derivative of Concurrent DOS 286)
***** [[FlexOS 186]] (variant of FlexOS for terminals)
***** [[FlexOS 286]] (variant of FlexOS for hosts)
****** [[Siemens S5-DOS/MT]] (industrial control system based on FlexOS)
****** [[IBM 4680 OS]] ([[point of sale|POS]] operating system based on FlexOS)
****** [[IBM 4690 OS]] (POS operating system based on FlexOS)
******* [[Toshiba 4690 OS]] (POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS)
***** [[FlexOS 386]] (later variant of FlexOS for hosts)
****** [[IBM 4690 OS]] (POS operating system based on FlexOS)
******* [[Toshiba 4690 OS]] (POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS)
*** [[Concurrent DOS 386]] 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 3.0 (BDOS 5.0-6.2)
**** [[Concurrent DOS 386/MGE]] (Concurrent DOS 386 variant with advanced graphics terminal capabilities)
**** [[Multiuser DOS]] 5.0, 5.01, 5.1 (BDOS 6.3-6.6) (successor of Concurrent DOS 386)
***** [[CCI Multiuser DOS]] 5.0-7.22 (up to BDOS 6.6<!-- at least for 7.22 -->)
***** [[Datapac Multiuser DOS]]
****** [[Datapac System Manager]] 7 (derivative of Datapac Multiuser DOS)
***** [[IMS Multiuser DOS]] 5.1, 7.0, 7.1 (BDOS 6.6-6.7)
****** IMS [[REAL/32]] 7.50, 7.51, 7.52, 7.53, 7.54, 7.60, 7.61, 7.62, 7.63, 7.70, 7.71, 7.72, 7.73, 7.74, 7.80, 7.81, 7.82, 7.83, 7.90, 7.91, 7.92, 7.93, 7.94, 7.95 (BDOS 6.8 and higher) (derivative of Multiuser DOS)
******* IMS [[REAL/NG]] (successor of REAL/32)
*** [[Concurrent DOS XM]] 5.0, 5.2, 6.0, 6.2 (BDOS 5.0-6.2) (real-mode variant of Concurrent DOS with EEMS support)
**** [[DR-DOS]] 3.31, 3.32, 3.33, 3.34, 3.35, 5.0, 6.0 (BDOS 6.0-7.1) single-user, single-tasking native DOS derived from Concurrent DOS 6.0)
***** Novell [[PalmDOS]] 1 (BDOS 7.0)
***** Novell [[DR DOS "StarTrek"]]
***** [[Novell DOS]] 7 (single-user, multi-tasking system derived from DR DOS, BDOS 7.2)
****** Novell DOS 7 updates 1-10 (BDOS 7.2)
******* Caldera [[OpenDOS]] 7.01 (BDOS 7.2)
******** Enhanced DR-DOS 7.01.0x (BDOS 7.2)
********* Dell Real Mode Kernel (DRMK)
****** Novell DOS 7 updates 11–15.2 (BDOS 7.2)
******* Caldera [[DR-DOS]] 7.02-7.03 (BDOS 7.3)
******** [[DR-DOS "WinBolt"]]
******** OEM DR-DOS 7.04-7.05 (BDOS 7.3)
******** OEM DR-DOS 7.06 (PQDOS)
******** OEM DR-DOS 7.07 (BDOS 7.4/7.7)
* [[FreeDOS]] ([[open-source software|open source]] DOS variant)
* [[Apple ProDOS|ProDOS]] (operating system for the [[Apple II]] series computers)
* [[PTS-DOS]] (MS-DOS variant by [[Russia]]n company [[Phystechsoft]])
* [[TurboDOS]] (Software 2000, Inc.) for [[Zilog Z80|Z80]] and [[Intel 8086]] processor-based systems
* Multi-tasking user interfaces and environments for MS-DOS compatible operating systems
** [[DESQview]] + [[QEMM 386]] multi-tasking user interface
** DESQView/X ([[X Window System|X-windowing]] GUI

==Network operating systems==
{{Main|Network operating system}}
* [[Banyan VINES]] – by [[Banyan Systems]]
* [[Cambridge Ring (computer network)|Cambridge Ring]]
* [[Cisco IOS]] – by [[Cisco Systems]]
* [[Cisco NX-OS]] – previously SAN-OS
* [[CTOS]] – by [[Convergent Technologies (Unisys)|Convergent Technologies]], later acquired by [[Unisys]]
* [[Data ONTAP]] – by [[NetApp]]
* [[ExtremeWare]] – by [[Extreme Networks]]
* [[ExtremeXOS]] – by [[Extreme Networks]]
* [[Fabric OS]] – by [[Brocade Communications Systems|Brocade]]
* [[JunOS]] – by Juniper
* [[NetWare]] – networking OS by [[Novell]]
* [[Network operating system]] (NOS) – developed by [[Control Data Corporation|CDC]] for use in their Cyber line of supercomputers
* [[Novell Open Enterprise Server]] – Open Source networking OS by [[Novell]]. Can incorporate either [[SUSE Linux]] or Novell NetWare as its kernel
* [[Plan 9 from Bell Labs|Plan 9]] – distributed OS developed at [[Bell Labs]], based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical
** [[Inferno (operating system)|Inferno]] – distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs
* [[SONiC (operating system)|SONiC]]
* [[TurboDOS]] – by Software 2000, Inc.

==Generic, commodity, and other==
* [[BLIS/COBOL]]
* [[A2 (operating system)|A2]] formerly named Active Object System (AOS), and then Bluebottle (a concurrent and active object update to the [[Oberon operating system]])
* [[BS1000]] by [[Siemens]]
* [[BS2000]] by [[Siemens]], now BS2000/OSD from [[Fujitsu Siemens]] (formerly [[Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme]])
* [[BS3000]] by [[Siemens]] (rebadging of Fujitsu's MSP operating system)<ref>{{Cite web |date=1989-07-04 |title=SIEMENS "TO RESUME MARKETING FUJITSU IBMULATORS" |url=https://techmonitor.ai/technology/siemens_to_resume_marketing_fujitsu_ibmulators |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=Tech Monitor |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Contiki]] for various, mostly 8-bit systems, including the [[Apple II]], [[Atari 8-bit computers]], and some [[Commodore International|Commodore]] machines.
* [[FLEX9]] (by [[Technical Systems Consultants]] (TSC) for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to [[FLEX (operating system)|FLEX]], which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
* [[Graphics Environment Manager]] (GEM) (windowing GUI for CP/M, DOS, and [[Atari]] TOS)
* [[GEOS (8-bit operating system)|GEOS]] (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
* [[JavaOS]]
* [[JNode]] (Java New Operating System Design Effort), written 99% in Java (native compiled), provides own JVM and JIT compiler. Based on [[GNU Classpath]].<ref>[http://www.osnews.com/story/20911/JNode_0_2_8_Released "JNode 0.2.8 Released"], Thom Holwerda, OSNews, 4 February 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.jnode.org/ Jnode: Java New Operating System Design Effort] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223093337/http://www.jnode.org/ |date=2020-12-23 }}, jnode.org. Retrieved 24 July 2014.</ref>
* [[JX (operating system)|JX]] Java operating system that focuses on a flexible and robust operating system architecture developed as an open source system by the University of Erlangen.
* [[KERNAL]] (default OS on Commodore 64)
* MERLIN for the [[Corvus Concept]]
* [[MorphOS]] (Amiga compatible)
* [[MSP (operating system)|MSP]] by [[Fujitsu]] (successor to OS-IV), now MSP/EX,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/GSRVR/msp.pdf |title=Fujitsu Extended System Architecture (EXA) Operating System|publisher=Fujitsu.com|access-date=2013-09-21}}</ref> also known as Extended System Architecture (EXA), for 31-bit mode
* [[NetWare]] (networking OS by [[Novell]])
* [[Oberon (operating system)]] (developed at ETH-Zürich by [[Niklaus Wirth]] et al.) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects
* [[OSD/XC]] by [[Fujitsu-Siemens]] (BS2000 ported to an emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
* [[OS-IV]] by [[Fujitsu]] (based on early versions of IBM's [[MVS]])
* [[Pick operating system|Pick]] (often licensed and renamed)
* [[PRIMOS]] by [[Prime Computer]] (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
* [[Sinclair QDOS]] (multitasking for the [[Sinclair QL]] computer)
* [[SSB-DOS]] (by [[Technical Systems Consultants]] (TSC) for [[Smoke Signal Broadcasting]]; a variant of [[FLEX (operating system)|FLEX]] in most respects)
* [[SymbOS]] (GUI based multitasking operating system for [[Z80]] computers)
* [[Symobi]] (GUI based modern micro-kernel OS for [[x86]], [[ARM architecture|ARM]] and [[PowerPC]] processors, developed by Miray Software; used and developed further at [[Technical University of Munich]])
* [[TripOS]], 1978
* [[TurboDOS]] (Software 2000, Inc.)
* [[UCSD Pascal|UCSD p-System]] (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at [[UCSD]]; directed by Prof [[Kenneth Bowles]]; written in [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]])
* [[Stratus VOS|VOS]] by [[Stratus Technologies]] with strong influence from [[Multics]]
* VOS3 by [[Hitachi, Ltd.|Hitachi]] for its IBM-compatible mainframes, based on IBM's [[MVS]]
* [[VM2000]] by [[Siemens]]
* [[Visi On]] (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
* [[VPS/VM]] (IBM based, main operating system at [[Boston University]] for over 10 years.)

==Hobby==
{{Main|Hobbyist operating system}}
* [[AROS]] – AROS Research Operating System (formerly known as Amiga Research Operating System)
* [[AtheOS]] – branched to become [[Syllable Desktop]]
** [[Syllable Desktop (operating system)|Syllable Desktop]] – a modern, independently originated OS; see [[AtheOS]]
* [[BareMetal]]
* DSPnano RTOS
* [[EmuTOS]]
* [[EROS (microkernel)|EROS]] – Extremely Reliable Operating System
* [[HelenOS]] – based on a preemptible microkernel design
* LSE/OS
* [[MenuetOS]] – extremely compact OS with [[GUI]], written entirely in [[FASM]] assembly language
** [[KolibriOS]] – a fork of MenuetOS
* MMURTL<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipdatacorp.com/mmurtl/|title=Book & Source code Download Page|website=IP Data Corporation|access-date=June 17, 2022|archive-date=July 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704223135/http://www.ipdatacorp.com/mmurtl/|url-status=dead}}</ref> (Message based MUltitasking Real-Time kerneL, pronounced 'Myrtle')<ref>{{cite book|last=Burgess|first=Richard|date=September 1, 2000|title=MMURTT V1.0|publisher=IP Data Corporation|page=8|isbn=1588530000}}</ref>
* [[SerenityOS]]
* [https://serpaeos.sourceforge.io SerpaeOS]
* [[TempleOS]] – biblical-themed OS, written in HolyC by Terry Davis
* [[ToaruOS]]
** [[ToaruOS#PonyOS|PonyOS]]

==Embedded==
<!-- This section is linked from [[Embedded operating system]] -->

===Mobile operating systems===
{{Main|Mobile operating system}}

* [[DIP DOS]] on [[Atari Portfolio]]
* [[Embedded Linux]] (see also [[Linux for mobile devices]])
** [[Android (operating system)|Android]]
*** [[CalyxOS]]
*** [[DivestOS]]
*** [[EMUI]]
*** [[Flyme OS]]
*** [[GrapheneOS]]
*** [[Kali NetHunter]]
*** [[LineageOS]]
*** [[MIUI]]
*** [[One UI]]
*** [[Replicant (operating system)|Replicant]]
*** See also [[List of custom Android distributions]]
** [[Firefox OS]]
*** [[KaiOS]]
** [[Ångström distribution]]
** [[Familiar Linux]]
** [[Maemo|Mæmo]] based on [[Debian]] deployed on [[Nokia]]'s [[Nokia 770]], [[Nokia N800|N800]] and [[Nokia N810|N810]] Internet Tablets.
** [[OpenZaurus]]
** [[webOS]] from [[Palm, Inc.]], later [[Hewlett-Packard]] via acquisition, and most recently at [[LG Electronics]] through acquisition from Hewlett-Packard<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-news/press-release.html?id=1375489 |title=HP News - LG Electronics Acquires webOS from HP to Enhance Smart TV |publisher=.hp.com |date=2013-02-25 |access-date=2013-09-21}}</ref>
** [[Access Linux Platform]]
** [[Bada (operating system)|bada]]
** [[Openmoko Linux]]
** [[OPhone]]
** [[MeeGo]] (from merger of [[Maemo]] & [[Moblin]])
** [[Mobilinux]]
** [[MotoMagx]]
** [[Qt Extended]]
** [[Sailfish OS]]
** [[Tizen]] (earlier called [[LiMo Platform]])
** [[Ubuntu Touch]]
** [[postmarketOS]]
* [[Inferno (operating system)|Inferno]] (distributed OS originally from [[Bell Labs]])
* [[Magic Cap]]
* [[MS-DOS]] on [[Poqet PC]], [[HP 95LX]], [[HP 100LX]], [[HP 200LX]], [[HP 1000CX]], [[HP OmniGo 700LX]]
* [[NetBSD]]
* [[Newton OS]] on [[Apple MessagePad]]
* [[Palm OS]] from Palm, Inc; now spun off as PalmSource
* [[PEN/GEOS]] on [[HP OmniGo 100]] and [[HP OmniGo 120|120]]
* [[PenPoint OS]]
* [[Plan 9 from Bell Labs]]
* [[Pocket viewer|PVOS]]
* [[Symbian OS]]
** [[EPOC (operating system)|EPOC]]
* [[Windows CE]], from Microsoft
** [[Pocket PC]] from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE
** [[Windows Mobile]] from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE
** [[Windows Phone]] from Microsoft
* DSPnano RTOS
* [[iOS]]
** [[watchOS]]
** [[tvOS]]
* [[iPod software]]
* [[iPodLinux]]
* [[iriver clix]] OS
* [[RockBox]]
* [[BlackBerry OS]]
* [[PEN/GEOS]], [[GEOS-SC]], [[GEOS-SE]]
* [[Symbian platform]] (successor to [[Symbian OS]])
* [[BlackBerry 10]]
* [[HarmonyOS]]

===Routers===
* [[CatOS]] – by [[Cisco Systems]]
* [[Cisco IOS]] – originally Internetwork Operating System by [[Cisco Systems]]
* DNOS – by [[DriveNets]]
* [[Inferno (operating system)|Inferno]] – distributed OS originally from [[Bell Labs]]
* [[IOS-XR]] – by [[Cisco Systems]]
* [[JunOS]] – by [[Juniper Networks]]
* LCOS – by [[LANCOM Systems]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=LCOS Data-Sheet|url=https://www.lancom-systems.com//download/documentation/Data_Sheets/DS_LCOS-1040_EN.pdf}}</ref>
* [[Linux]]
** [[OpenWrt]]
*** [[DD-WRT]]
*** [[LEDE]]
*** [[Gargoyle (router firmware)|Gargoyle]]
*** [[LibreCMC]]
** [[Zeroshell]]
* [[FTOS]] – by [[Force10 Networks]]
* FreeBSD
* Huawei VRP (Versatile Routing Platform) that many Huawei devices operate on<ref>{{cite web |title=Huawei VRP (Versatile Routing Platform) |url=https://ipcisco.com/lesson/huawei-vrp-versatile-routing-platform/ |website=IPCisco.com |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref>
* [[LiteOS]]
* [[HarmonyOS]]
** [[OpenHarmony]]
* [[EulerOS]]
** [[EulerOS|openEuler]]
* [[m0n0wall]]
* [[OPNsense]]
* [[PfSense|pfsense]]
* [[List of wireless router firmware projects]]

===Other embedded===
* [[Apache Mynewt]]
* [[ChibiOS/RT]]
* [[Contiki]]
* [[ERIKA Enterprise]]
* [[eCos]]
* [[NetBSD]]
* [[Nucleus RTOS]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mentor.com/embedded-software/nucleus/|title=Mentor Nucleus RTOS}}</ref>
* [[NuttX]]
* [[Minix]]
* [[NCOS]]
* [[freeRTOS|freeRTOS, openRTOS, safeRTOS]]
* [[Google Fuchsia|Fuchsia]]
* [[OpenEmbedded]] (or [[Yocto Project]])
* [[OpenHarmony]]
* [[PSOS (real-time operating system)|pSOS]] (Portable Software On Silicon)
* [[PX5 RTOS]]
* [[QNX]] – Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qnx.com/|title=QNX operating systems, development tools, and professional services for connected embedded systems|website=www.qnx.com}}</ref>
* [[REX OS]] – microkernel; usually an embedded cell phone OS
* [[RIOT (operating system)|RIOT]]
* [[ROM-DOS]]
* [[TinyOS]]
* [[ThreadX]]
* [[Tock (operating system)|Tock]]
* [[RT-Thread]]
* DSPnano RTOS
* [[Windows IoT]] – formerly [[Windows Embedded]]
** [[Microsoft Windows CE|Windows CE]]
** [[Windows IoT Core]]
** [[Windows IoT Enterprise]]
* Wind River [[VxWorks]] RTOS.<ref name="windriver.com"/>
* [[Wombat (operating system)|Wombat]] – [[microkernel]]; usually [[Real-time operating system|real-time]] [[Embedded system|embedded]]
* [[Zephyr (operating system)|Zephyr]]
* [[LiteOS]]

===LEGO Mindstorms===
* [[brickOS]]
* [[leJOS]]

==Capability-based==
* [[Cambridge CAP computer]] – operating system demonstrated the use of security capabilities, both in hardware and software, also a useful fileserver, implemented in [[ALGOL 68C]]
* [[Flex machine]] – Custom microprogrammable hardware, with an operating system, (modular) compiler, editor, * garbage collector and filing system all written in [[ALGOL 68]].
* [[Hydra (operating system)|HYDRA]] – Running on the [[C.mmp]] computer at [[Carnegie Mellon University]], implemented in the programming language [[BLISS]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Reflections in a pool of processors - An experience report on C.mmp/Hydra|url=https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/courses/compsci703s1c/resources/WulfHarbison.pdf|page=945|first1=William A.|last1=Wulf|first2=Samual P.|last2=Harbison|publisher=University of Auckland|access-date=2013-09-21}}</ref>
* [[KeyKOS]] nanokernel
** [[Extremely Reliable Operating System|EROS]] microkernel
* [[V (operating system)|V]] – from Stanford, early 1980s<ref name="capabook"/>
*[[HarmonyOS|HarmonyOS NEXT]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Děcký |first1=Martin |title=Microkernel-based and Capability-based Operating Systems |url=https://d3s.mff.cuni.cz/files/teaching/nswi161/martin-decky-microkernels-capabilities.pdf |website=D3S |access-date=23 December 2023}}</ref>
*[[Fuchsia (operating system)|Google Fuchsia]]
*[[Phantom OS]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dziuba |first1=Ted |title=Russian rides Phantom to OS immortality |url=https://www.theregister.com/2009/02/03/phantom_russian_os/ |website=The Register |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Comparison of operating systems]]
* [[Comparison of real-time operating systems]]
* [[Timeline of operating systems]]

===Category links===
* [[:Category:Operating systems|Operating systems]]
** [[:Category:Embedded operating systems|Embedded operating systems]]
** [[:Category:Real-time operating systems|Real-time operating systems]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/os-liste.htm "List of Operating Systems"]. www.operating-system.org.

{{Operating system}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Operating systems}}
[[Category:Operating systems|*List of operating systems]]
[[Category:Computing-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of operating systems|Operating]]