Editing List of pollen sources

{{Short description|none}}
[[Image:Bee on top of rata flower.jpg|thumb|right|Bee collecting pollen from [[:w:Metrosideros carminea|rata]]]]
[[Image:Early April Pollen.jpg|thumb|right|Pollen-laden bees at hive entrance]]
[[Image:Plumpollen0060.jpg|thumb|right|Bee on plum tree with pollen]]

The term '''pollen source''' is often used in the context of [[beekeeping]] and refers to flowering plants as a source of [[pollen]] for bees or other insects. Bees collect pollen as a protein source to raise their brood. For the plant, the [[pollinizer]], this can be an important mechanism for [[sexual reproduction]], as the [[pollinator]] distributes its pollen. Few flowering plants [[self-pollination|self-pollinate]]; some can provide their own pollen (self fertile), but require a pollinator to move the pollen; others are dependent on [[cross pollination]] from a genetically different source of viable pollen, through the activity of pollinators.  One of the possible pollinators to assist in cross-pollination are honeybees. The article below is mainly about the pollen source from a beekeeping perspective.

The pollen source in a given area depends on the type of [[vegetation]] present and the length of their bloom period.  What type of vegetation will grow in an area depends on soil texture, [[soil pH]], soil drainage, daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, extreme minimum winter temperature, and [[growing degree day]]s.  The plants listed below are plants that would grow in [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150303152208/http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/hzm-ne1.html Hardiness zone] 5.  A good predictor for when a plant will bloom and produce [[pollen]] is a calculation of the growing degree days.

The color of pollen below indicates the color as it appears when the pollen arrives at the beehive.  After arriving to the colony with a fresh load of pollen, the honey bee unloads its pollen from the [[pollen basket]] located on its hind legs. The [[worker bee]]s in the colony mix dry pollen with [[nectar]] and/or [[honey]]
with their enzymes, and naturally occurring yeast from the air.  Workers then compact the pollen. storing each variety in an individual wax hexagonal cell ([[honeycomb]]), typically located within their [[bee brood]] nest. This creates a fermented pollen mix call [[beekeeper]]s call 'bee bread'. 
Dry pollen, is a food source for bees, which may contain 16–30% protein, 1–10% fat, 1–7% starch, many vitamins, some micro nutrients, and possibly a little sugar.  The protein source needed for rearing one worker bee from larval to adult stage requires approximately 120 to 145&nbsp;mg of pollen.  An average bee colony will collect about 20 to 57&nbsp;kg (44 to 125 pounds) of pollen a year.<ref>[http://www.nhb.org/download/research/rvalue.pdf THE R-VALUES OF HONEY: POLLEN COEFFICIENT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060724223252/http://www.nhb.org/download/research/rvalue.pdf |date=2006-07-24 }}  accessed Feb 2005</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite journal|author=Reiter, R. |url=https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/1811/3589/1/V47N04_137.pdf |title=THE COLORATION OF ANTHER AND CORBICULAR POLLEN|journal=The Ohio Journal of Science |volume=XLVII|date=July 1947|issue=4|location=Camden, N. J.}}</ref>

==Spring==
===Trees and shrubs – Spring===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Common name
!Latin name
!Blooming months
!Pollen color
!Availability
!Source for honeybees
|-
|[[Maple]]
|''Acer'' spp.
|Feb – Apr
|style="background: #FF9;"| light yellow
|feral
|fair
|-
|[[Manitoba Maple]] (Box elder)
|''Acer negundo''
|Feb – Apr
|style="background:#D1E231"|light olive
|feral
|good
|-
|[[Norway maple]]
|''Acer platanoides''
|Apr – May
|style="background:olive"|yellow green, olive
|feral
|fair
|-
|[[Red Maple]]
|''Acer rubrum''
|Mar – Apr
|style="background:#C3B091"|grey brown
|feral
|
|-
|[[Alder|Grey Alder]]
|''Alnus incana''
|Feb – Apr
|style="background:#FFBA00"|brownish yellow
|feral
|
|-
|[[American Chestnut]]
|''Castanea dentata''
|May – Jun
|
|mostly ornamental
|
|-
|[[Sweet Chestnut]]
|''Castanea sativa''
|May
|
|feral
|good
|-
|[[Celtis|Common Hackberry]]
|''Celtis occidentalis''
|Apr – May
|
|feral
|
|-
|[[Quince|Flowering Quince]]
|''Chaenomeles japonica'', ''Chaenomeles lagenaria'', ''Chaenomeles speciosa 'Nivalis''', ''Chaenomeles x superba''
|Apr – May
|
|feral
|good
|-
|[[Hazel|American Hazel]]
|''Corylus americana''
|Mar – Apr
|style="background:#ADFF2F"|light green
|feral and ornamental
|fair/good
|-
|[[Crataegus|Hawthorn]]
|''Crataegus'' spp.
|Apr – May
| style="background:gold;"|yellow brown
|feral
|fair
|-
|[[Fraxinus americana|White Ash]]
|''Fraxinus americana''
|Apr – May
|
|
|-
|[[Honey locust|Honey Locust]]
|''Gleditsia triancanthos''
|May – Jun
|
|feral
|
|-
|[[American holly]]
|''Ilex opaca''
|Apr – Jun
|
|feral
|
|-
|[[Walnut]]
|''Juglans'' spp.
|Apr – May
|
|cultivated
|fair
|-
|[[Liriodendron|Tulip-tree]]
|''Lirodendron tulipifera''
|May – Jun
|style="background:#FFF2CC"|cream
|feral and ornamental
|good
|-
|[[Crab Apple]]
|''Malus'' spp.
|Mar – Jun
|style="background:#D1E231"|light olive
|ornamental
|
|-
|[[Apple]]
|''Malus domestica, Malus sylvestris''
|Apr – May
|style="background: #FF6;"|yellow white
|cultivated and ornamental
|very good
|-
|[[Platanus|American Sycamore]]
|''Platanus occidentalis''
|Apr – May
|style="background:#D1E231"|light olive
|feral
|
|-
|[[Prunus|Plum]]
|''Prunus'' spp.
|Apr – May
| style="background:silver;"|light grey, grey
|ornamental and cultivated
|
|-
|[[Almond]]
|''Prunus amygdalus''
|Feb
|style="background:#F0DC82"|light brown to brown pollen – not considered a good pollen source but bees are the primary pollinator
|cultivated mostly in California
|fair
|-
|[[Prunus avium|Wild Cherry]]
|''Prunus avium''
|Apr – May
|style="background:#F0DC82"|yellow brown, light brown
|feral
|very good
|-
|[[Prunus cerasifera|Cherry Plum]]
|''Prunus cerasifera''
|
|style="background:#DAA520"|light brown to brown
|feral
|fair
|-
|[[Prunus cerasus|Sour Cherry]]
|''Prunus cerasus''
|Apr – May
|style="background:#FCC200"|dark yellow
|ornamental and cultivated
|very good
|-
|[[Peach]]
|''Prunus persica''
|Apr – May
|style="background:#FFBF00"|reddish yellow
|ornamental and cultivated
|good
|-
|[[Prunus|Black Cherry]]
|''Prunus serotina''
|Apr – May
|
|feral
|minor
|-
|[[Blackthorn]]
|''Prunus spinosa''
|Mar – May
|style="background:#A03128"|firebrick
|feral
|good
|-
|[[Pear]]
|''Pyrus communis''
|Apr – May
|style="background:#FF8C00"|red yellow
|ornamental and cultivated
|good
|-
|[[Oak]]
|''Quercus'' spp.
|May
|
|feral
|
|-
|[[Oak]]
|''Quercus robur'', ''Quercus pedunculata''
|May
|style="background:#D1E231"|light olive
|feral
|minor
|-
|[[Black locust|Black Locust]]
|''Robinia pseudoacacia''
|May – Jun
|
|feral
|
|-
|[[Blackberry]]
|''Rubus'' spp.
|May – Jun
|style="background:#D3D3D3"|light grey
|feral and cultivated
|
|-
|[[Raspberry]]
|''Rubus idaeus''
|May – Jun
|style="background: #DCDCDC"|white grey
|feral and cultivated
|good
|-
|[[Willow]]
|''Salix'' spp.
|Feb – Apr
|style="background:#FDE910"|lemon
|feral
|good
|-
|[[White Willow]]
|''Salix alba''
|
|
|feral
|good
|-
|[[Goat Willow]]
|''Salix caprea''
|Mar – Apr
|
|feral
|very good
|-
|[[Willow|Violet Willow]]
|''Salix daphnoides''
|Mar – Apr
|
|feral
|very good
|-
|[[Willow|Pussy Willow]]
|''Salix discolor''
|Mar – Apr
|
|feral and ornamental
|
|-
|[[Willow|Basket Willow]]
|''Salix purpurea''
|Mar – Apr
|
|feral
|very good
|-
|[[Willow|Silky leaf osier, Smith's Willow]]
|''Salix x smithiana''
|Apr – May
|
|
|very good
|-
|[[Sorbus americana|American mountain ash]]
|''Sorbus americana''
|May-Jun
|
|feral
|
|-
|[[Elm|American Elm]]
|''Ulmus americana''
|Feb – Apr
|style="background:#D3D3D3"|light grey
|feral
|
|-
|Winged Elm
|''Ulmus alata''
|Feb – Mar
|style="background:#FBEC5D"|pale yellow
|feral
|good
|-
|[[Elm|European field elm]]
|''Ulmus minor''
|
|
|feral
|good
|}

====Gallery====
<gallery widths="180px" heights="120px">
File:Ucan-ari1.jpg|Flying [[honeybee]] with red pollen in [[pollen basket]], likely on henbit
File:blue2.JPG|Bees in April with blue [[Siberian squill]] pollen in [[pollen basket]]
File:may red chestnut2.JPG|Honeybees in May with red (likely [[Horse chestnut]]) pollen in [[pollen basket]]
File:Bee on dandelion.JPG|[[Dandelion]] pollen
</gallery>
{{Clear}}

===Flowers and annual crop plants – Spring===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Common name
!Latin name
!Blooming months
!Pollen color
!Availability
!Source for honeybees
|-
|[[Ajuga]] (Bronze Bugle, Common Bugle)
|''Ajuga reptans''
| mid spring
|
|
|
|-
|[[Chives]]
|''Allium schoenoprasum''
|May – Sep
|
|cultivated?
|
|-
|[[Asparagus]]
|''Asparagus officinalis''
|May – Jun
| style="background:orange;"|bright orange
|cultivated
|
|-
|[[Mustard plant|Mustard]]
|''Brassica arvenisi''
|Apr – May
|style="background: #FF3;"|lemon
|cultivated and feral
|
|-
|[[Canola]] (Oilseed Rape)
|''Brassica napus''
|May – Jun
|style="background: #FF3;"|lemon
|extensively cultivated
|very good
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20050204184340/http://www.meemelink.com/prints%20pages/13180.Iridaceae%20-%20Crocus%20aureus.htm Yellow Crocus]
|''[[Crocus vernus]]'' (syn. ''Crocus aureus'')
|April
|style="background: #FC6;"|orange yellow
|feral and ornamental
|fair
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20060505081127/http://www.gardeningcd.com/PerenFrms/doron_co.htm Leopard's Bane]
|''Doronicum cordatum''
|Apr – May
|
|
|
|-
|[[Winter aconite]]
|''Eranthis hyemalis''
|Mar – Apr
|style="background: #FF0;"|yellow
|feral and ornamental
|good
|-
|[[Snowdrop]]
|''Galanthus nivalis''
|Mar – Apr
|style="background: #FF4100"|orange, red
|
|fair
|-
|[[Lamium|Henbit]]
|''Lamium amplexicaule''
|April
| style="background:#f00;"|orange red, red, purplish red
|Apr – Jul
|poor
|-
|[[Common Mallow]]
|''Malva sp.''
|Apr – Sep
|style="background: #E93EE9;"|mauve
|feral
|good
|-
|[[White Sweet Clover]]
|''Melilotus alba''
|May – Aug
|style="background: #FC0;"|yellow to dark yellow
|feral and cultivated
|good
|-
|[[Yellow Sweet Clover]]
|''Melilotus officinalis''
|May – Aug
|style="background: #FC0;"|yellow to dark yellow
|feral and cultivated
|
|-
|[[Sainfoin]]
|''Onobrychis viciifolia''
|May – Jul
|style="background: #FC3;"|yellow brown
|
|very good
|-
|[[Siberian squill]]
|''Scilla siberica''
|Mar – Apr
|style="background: #369"|steel blue
|feral and ornamental
|good
|-
|[[Mustard plant|White mustard]]
|''Sinapis alba''
|June
|style="background: #FF3;"|lemon
|feral and cultivated
|good
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20050312081536/http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/perl/bioview.pl?genspec=stme2&action=View Chick weed]
|''Stellaria media''
|Apr – Jul
|style="background: #FF3;"|yellowish
|feral
|minor
|-
|[[Dandelion]]
|''Taraxacum officinale''
|Apr – May
|style="background: #F93;"|red yellow, orange
|feral
|very good
|-
|[[Gorse]]
|''Ulex europaeus''
|Mar – Dec
|style="background: #BF453B;"|light firebrick
|feral
|good
|}

==Summer==
===Trees and shrubs – Summer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Common name
!Latin name
!Blooming months
!Pollen color
!Availability
!Source for honeybees
|-
|[[Horse-chestnut (tree)|Red Horse chestnut]]
|''Aesculus carnea''
|
| style="background:#600; color: white;"|raisin <ref name="autogenerated1"/>
|feral
|
|-
|[[Horse-chestnut (tree)|Horse chestnut]]
|''Aesculus hippocastanum''
|May – Jun after 80-110 growing degree days.
|style="background:  #C50321; color: white;"|anatolia <ref name="autogenerated1"/>
|feral
|good
|-
|[[Catalpa|Southern Catalpa]]
|''Catalpa bignonioides''
|Jun – Jul
|
|ornamental
|fair
|-
|[[Catalpa|Northern Catalpa]]
|''Catalpa speciosa''
|Jun – Jul
|
|ornamental
|
|-
|[[Caryopteris|Bluebeard]]
|''Caryopteris x clandonensis 'Heavenly Blue' ''
|Aug – Sep
|
|
|very good
|-
|[[Virginia creeper]]
|''Parthenocissus quinquefolia''
|Jul – Aug
|
|
|good
|-
|[[Ivy|Boston Ivy 'Veitchii']]
|''Parthenocissus  tricuspidata 'Veitchii'''
|Jun – Jul
|
|
|good
|-
|[[Sumac]]
|''Rhus glabra''
|Jun – Jul
|
|
|
|-
|[[Elderberry|Elder]]
|''Sambucus canadensis''
|Jun – Jul
|style="background:  #E9BF00;"|canary yellow <ref name="autogenerated1"/>
|
|
|-
|[[Basswood]] or American Linden
|''Tilia americana''
|Jun – Jul
|style="background: #FC0;"|yellow to light orange
|feral and ornamental
|
|-
|Little Leaf Linden
|''Tilia cordata''
|
|style="background: #E4D00A;"|citrine <ref name="autogenerated1"/>
|feral
|
|-
|[[Blueberry]]
|''Vaccínium myrtíllus''
|Jun
|style="background: #F93;"|red yellow, orange
|cultivated
|poor
|}

===Flowers and annual crop plants – Summer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Common name
!Latin name
!Blooming months
!Pollen color
!Availability
!Source for honeybees
|-
|[[Allium]]
|''Allium'' spp.
|
|
|feral and cultivated
|
|-
|[[Onion]]
|''Allium cepa''
|
|style="background: #CC6;"|light olive
|cultivated
|
|-
|[[Chives]]
|''Allium schoenoprasum''
|May – Sep
|
|feral and cultivated
|
|-
|[[Chives|Garlic chives]]
|''Allium tuberosa''
|Aug – Sep
|
|feral and cultivated
|
|-
|[http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/galleries/amorphafrut.html Leadwort syn. Indigobush]
|''Amorpha fruticosa''
|Jun – Jul
|
|ornamental?
|
|-
|[[Aster (genus)|Aster]]
|''Aster'' spp.
|Sep-Frost
|style="background: #FC6;"|reddish yellow
|feral and ornamental
|
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20060209182921/http://plants.garden-source.com/Perennials/Woods-Blue-Aster.php Land-in-blue], Bushy Aster
|''Aster x dumosus''
|Aug – Sep
|style="background: #8B8B00;"|bronze yellow <ref name="autogenerated1"/>
|feral
|
|-
|[[Borage]]
|''Borago officinalis''
|Jun – Frost
|style="background: #708090"|blueish grey
|ornamental
|
|-
|[[Pot marigold|Marigold]]
|''Calendula officinalis''
|Jun – Sep
|style="background: #FF7F00"|orange
|
|
|-
|[[Calluna|Heather]] sp.
|''Calluna vulgaris''
|Jul – Aug
|yellow white, white
|
|good
|-
|[[Hemp]]
|''Cannabis sativa''
|Aug
|style="background: #CF3;"|yellow green
|
|good source
|-
|[[Thistle|Blue Thistle]]
|''Carduus'' spp.
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Star thistle]]
|''Centaurea'' spp.
|Jul – Sep
|
|
|
|-
|Persian centaurea
|''Centaurea dealbata''
|
|style="background: #C5B47F;"|hemp <ref name="autogenerated1"/>
|
|
|-
|[[Knapweed]]
|''Centaurea macrocephala''
|Jul – Aug
|
|
|good
|-
|[[Knapweed]]
|''Centaurea nigra''
|
|style="background: #CF9;"|very light olive
|
|
|-
|[[Chicory]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Legan|first=Christiaan|title=mmm... chicory|date=2012-07-21|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/christiaan_25/7640206984/|access-date=2019-07-18}}</ref>
|''Cichorium intybus L.''
|
|style="background: white"|white
|
|
|-
|[[Cotoneaster]]
|''Cotoneaster'' spp.
|
|
|
|good
|-
|[[Cucumber]]
|''Cucumis'' spp.
|
|style="background: #FF3;"|pale yellow
|cultivated
|
|-
|[[Melon]]s
|''Cucumis melo''
|Jun-Frost
|style="background: #FF3;"|pale yellow
|cultivated
|
|-
|[[Pumpkin]]
|''Cucurbita pepo''
|Jun-Frost
| style="background:#ff0;"|bright yellow
|cultivated
|
|-
|[[Fireweed]] (Rosebay Willowherb)
|''Epilobium angustifolium''
|Jul – Aug
| style="background:#00f;"|blue
|feral
|
|-
|[[Joe-Pye weed]], Bluestem
|''Eutrochium'' spp.; ''Eupatorium purpureum''
|Aug – Sep
|style="background: #3D2B1F; color: white;"|bistre green
|
|
|-
|[[Buckwheat]]
|''Fagopyrum esculentum''
|Jul – Aug
|style="background: #CF9;"|light yellow to light green
|cultivated
|good source
|-
|[http://www.monarchwatch.org/milkweed/guide/cynan.htm Blue vine]
|''Gonolobus laevis'' syn. ''Cynanchum laeve''
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Sunflower]]
|''Helianthus annuus''
|Jun – Sep
|style="background: #FC0;"|golden
|feral and cultivated
|
|-
|[[Jewelweed]]
|''Impatients capensis''
|
|style="background: #FFFFE0"|yellowish white
|
|
|-
|[http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/wildseed/37/37.7.html Alyssum]
|''Lobularia maritima''
|Jun – Sep
|
|
|
|-
|[[Lupin]]
|''Lupinus sp.''
|Jun – Jul
|white, yellow or blue
|
|minor
|-
|[[Malva sylvestris|Mallow]]
|''Malva sylvestris''
|Jun – Sep
|
|
|
|-
|[[Alfalfa]]
|''Medicago sativa''
|July – Aug
| style="background:khaki;"|khaki <ref name="autogenerated1"/>
|feral and cultivated
|
|-
|[[Clover]]
|''Melilotus'' spp. and ''Trifolium'' spp.
|May – Aug
|
|feral and cultivated
|
|-
|[[White Sweet Clover]]
|''Melilotus alba''
|
|style="background: #6D351A; color: white;"|auburn <ref name="autogenerated1"/>
|feral and cultivated
|
|-
|[[Yellow Sweet Clover]]
|''Melilotus officinalis''
|
|style="background: #6D351A; color: white;"|auburn <ref name="autogenerated1"/>
|feral and cultivated
|
|-
|[[Basil]]
|''Ocimum basilicum''
|
|white
|ornamental
|
|-
|[[Poppy]]
|''Papaver orientale''
|May – Jul
|style="background: #708090"|blueish grey
|ornamental only
|good source <ref>[http://www.die-honigmacher.de/kurs2/pflanze_23.html?PHPSESSID=019c9dbb5abce89ffb53037d0187a4a2 Die Honig Macher] ( in German )</ref>
|-
|[[Opium poppy]]
|''Papaver somniferum''
|May – Jun
| style="background:grey;"|grey
|feral and ornamental
|very good source
|-
|[[Phacelia]]
|''Phacelia tanacetifolia''
|Jun – Sep
|style="background:#333399"|navy blue
|feral and cultivated
|good source
|-
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20050208100227/http://www.ppws.vt.edu/scott/weed_id/polpy.htm Smartweed]
|''Polygonum'' spp.
|Aug – Sep
|
|
|
|-
|[[Stellaria media|Common Chickweed]]
|''Stellaria media''
|Apr – Jul
|
|
|minor source
|-
|[http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Plant.asp?code=F910 Germander]
|''Teucrium chamaedrys''
|Jul – Aug
|
|
|
|-
|[[Clover|Alsike Clover]]
|''Trifolium hybridum''
|
|style="background: #FC3;"|yellow brown
|
|good source
|-
|[[Clover|Crimson Clover]]
|''Trifolium incarnatum''
|
|style="background: #8B4513; color: white;"|dark brown
|
|
|-
|[[White Clover]]
|''Trifolium repens''
|Jun – Jul
|style="background: #753313; color: white;"|caledonian brown
|
|good source
|-
|[[Typha|Cat-tail]]
|''Typha latifolia''
|Jun – Jul
|
|
|
|-
|[[Vetch|Common vetch]]{{Verify source|date=January 2009}}<!-- usually used for V. sativa -->
|''Vicia cracca''
|Jul – Aug
|
|
|
|-
|[[Vetch|Spring Vetch]]{{Verify source|date=January 2009}}<!-- rarely if ever used for either V. sativa and V. cracca -->
|''Vicia sativa''
|Jul – Aug
|
|
|
|-
|[[Maize|Sweet Corn]]
|''Zea mays''
|Jun – Jul
|style="background: #FFFFE0"|yellowish white
|cultivated
|
|}

==Fall==
===Trees and shrubs – Fall===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Common name
!Latin name
!Blooming months
!Pollen color
!Availability
!Source for honeybees
|-
|[[Chinese Elm]], Lacebark Elm
|''Ulmus parvifolia''
|Aug – Sep
|
|ornamental
|good
|}

===Flowers and annual crop plants – Fall===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Common name
!Latin name
!Blooming months
!Pollen color
!Availability
!Source for honeybees
|-
|[[Aster (genus)|Aster]]
|''Aster'' spp.
|Sep-Frost
|style="background: #FC0;"|reddish yellow
|
|
|-
|[[Borage]]
|''Borago officinalis''
|Jun – Frost
|
|
|
|-
|[[Melon]]s
|''Cucumis melo''
|Jun-Frost
|
|cultivated
|
|-
|[http://www.anniesannuals.com/signs/b%20-%20c/clematis_ternifolia_sac.htm Sweet autumn clematis]
|''Clematis ternifolia''
|late Sept
|style="background: #FFF;"|white
|ornamental
|
|-
|[[Pumpkin]]
|''Cucurbita pepo''
|Jun-Frost
| style="background:#ff0;"|bright yellow
|cultivated
|
|-
|[[Ivy]]
|''Hedera'' spp.
|Sep – Oct
|dull yellow or black?
|feral and ornamental
|
|-
|[[Solidago|Goldenrod]]
|''Solidago'' spp.
|Sep – Oct
| style="background:gold;"|golden
|feral
|
|}<ref>Bienenweide Arbeitsblatt 207, Bieneninstitut Kirchhain, 2001</ref><ref>Tew, James [https://web.archive.org/web/20011205082832/http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/2000/2168.html Some Ohio Nectar and Pollen Producing Plants]  [[Ohio State University]] Extension Fact Sheet, 2000</ref><ref>Stahlman, Dana [http://www.beeclass.com/DTS/master.htm  Honey Plants Flowering Plants/Trees]  2004</ref><ref>Hodges, Dorothy; The pollen loads of the honeybee, Bee Research Association Limited, London, 1952</ref><ref>Lamp, Thomas; [http://me.in-berlin.de/~tlamp/beefood.html Bienennährpflanzen 1 : Gehölze] Nov 1999; accessed 05/2005</ref>

==See also==
* [[Forage (honey bee)]]
* [[List of honey plants]]
* [[Melliferous flower]]
* [[Nectar source]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pollen Source}}
[[Category:Pollination|+]]
[[Category:Flowers|+]]
[[Category:Agriculture-related lists]]
[[Category:Beekeeping]]
[[Category:Crops]]
[[Category:Gardening lists]]
[[Category:Lists of plants]]
[[Category:Sustainable agriculture]]
[[Category:Sustainable gardening]]
[[Category:Trees]]