Editing List of weight training exercises

{{Short description|none}}
{{One source|date=November 2024}}
[[File:Pistol-squat.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Pistol squat]]{{Dynamic list}}
This is a partial '''list of [[weight training]] exercises''' organized by muscle groups.

==Overview==
The human body can be broken down into different muscles and muscle groups that can be worked and strengthened through exercise. This table shows the major muscles and the exercises used to work and strengthen that muscle.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="50px" | Exercise 
! width="70px" | [[Triceps surae muscle|Calves]]
! width="70px" | [[Quadriceps femoris muscle|Quad-<br>riceps]]
! width="70px" | [[Hamstring|Ham-<br>strings]]
! width="70px" | [[Gluteal muscles|Gluteus]]
! width="70px" | [[Muscles of the hip|Hips<br>other]]
! width="70px" | [[Human back|Lower<br>back]]
! width="70px" | [[latissimus dorsi muscle|Lats]]
! width="70px" | [[Trapezius muscle|Trapezius]]
! width="70px" | [[Rectus abdominis muscle|Abdominals]]
! width="70px" | [[Pectoralis major muscle|Pectorals]]
! width="70px" | [[Deltoid muscle|Deltoids]]
! width="70px" | [[Triceps brachii muscle|Triceps]] 
! width="70px" | [[Biceps]]
! width="70px" | [[Forearms]]
{{weight exercise row|[[Squat (exercise)|Squat]]|quadriceps=yes|gluteus=yes|hips=yes|hamstrings=some|calves=some|abdominals=yes|lowerback=some}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Leg press]]|quadriceps=yes|gluteus=yes|hamstrings=some|calves=some}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Lunge (exercise)|Lunge]]|quadriceps=yes|gluteus=yes|hamstrings=yes|hips=yes}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Deadlift]]|calves=some|quadriceps=yes|gluteus=yes|hamstrings=yes|hips=yes|trapezius=some|lowerback=yes|forearms=some|abdominals=some}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Leg extension]]|quadriceps=yes}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Leg curl]]|hamstrings=yes|calves=some}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Standing calf raise]]|calves=yes}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Seated calf raise]]|calves=yes}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Bench press]]|pectorals=yes|deltoids=some|triceps=yes}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Chest fly]]|pectorals=yes|deltoids=some}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Push-up]]|pectorals=yes|deltoids=some|triceps=yes}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Pulldown exercise|Pull-down]]|lats=yes|biceps=some|trapezius=some}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Pull-up exercise|Pull-up]]|lats=yes|biceps=some|trapezius=some|forearms=some}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Bent-over row]]|lats=yes|biceps=some|trapezius=yes}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Upright row]]|deltoids=yes|trapezius=yes|biceps=some}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Shoulder press]]|deltoids=yes|trapezius=some|triceps=yes}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Lateral raise]]|deltoids=yes|trapezius=some}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Shoulder shrug]]|forearms=some|trapezius=yes}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Pushdown (exercise)|Pushdown]]|triceps=yes}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Triceps extension]]|triceps=yes|forearms=some}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Biceps curl]]|biceps=yes|forearms=some}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Crunch (exercise)|Crunch]]|abdominals=yes}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Russian twist]]|abdominals=yes}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Leg raise]]|abdominals=some|hips=yes}}
{{weight exercise row|[[Back extension]]|hamstrings=yes|lowerback=yes|gluteus=yes|calves=some}}
|-
|}

==Lower body==
<ref name="Johnson-Cane 169">{{Cite book|last=Johnson-Cane|first=Deidre|author2=Cane, Jonathan |author3=Glickman, Joe |title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Weight Training|url=https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu00john_452|url-access=limited|publisher=Alpha Books|location=Indianapolis|year=2000|pages=[https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu00john_452/page/n191 169]|isbn=978-0-7865-4251-2}}</ref>

===Quadriceps (front of thigh)===

====Squat====
[[Image:HackSquatMachineExercise.JPG|thumb|Hack squat machine]]
The '''[[squat (exercise)|squat]]''' is performed by squatting down with a weight held across the upper back (below the neck) and standing up straight again. This is a [[weight training#Isolation exercise|compound exercise]] that also involves the [[Gluteus maximus|glutes]] (buttocks) and, to a lesser extent, the [[hamstrings]], [[triceps surae muscle|calves]], and the lower back. [[Weight lifting belt#Equipment|Lifting belts]] are sometimes used to help support the lower back.  The freeweight squat is one of the three [[powerlifting]] competition exercises, along with the [[deadlift]] and the [[bench press]].<ref name="Johnson-Cane 170">Johnson-Cane et al., p. 170</ref>
;Equipment: Squats can be performed using only the practitioner's body weight. For weighted squats, a [[barbell]] is typically used, although the practitioner may instead hold [[dumbbell]]s, [[kettlebell]]s, or other weighted objects. Individuals uncomfortable performing freeweight squats may use a [[Smith machine]] or [[hack squat machine]].
;Major variants: {{See also|Squat (exercise)#Variants}}
:Common variations include front squats, in which the weight is held across the upper chest, and box squats, in which the practitioner rests briefly on a box or bench at the bottom of the movement.

====Leg press====

The [[leg press]] is performed while seated by pushing a weight away from the body with the feet. It is a compound exercise that also involves the glutes and, to a lesser extent, the hamstrings and the calves. Overloading the machine can result in serious injury if the sled moves uncontrollably towards the trainer.<ref name="Johnson-Cane 173">Johnson-Cane et al., p. 173.</ref>
;Equipment: [[Leg press machine]].

====Leg extension====
[[Image:LegExtensionMachineExercise.JPG|thumb|Leg extension machine]]
The [[leg extension]] is performed while seated by raising a weight out in front of the body with the feet. It is an isolation exercise for the [[quadriceps]]. [[Overtraining]] can cause [[patellar tendinitis]].<ref name="Johnson-Cane 175">Johnson-Cane et al., p. 175.</ref> The leg extension serves to also strengthen the muscles around the knees and is an exercise that is preferred by physical therapists. Needs citation
;Equipment: Dumbbell, cable machine or [[leg extension machine]].

====Wall sit====
The [[wall sit]], also known as a static squat, is performed by placing one's back against a wall with feet shoulder width apart, and lowering the hips until the knees and hips are both at right angles. The position is held as long as possible. The exercise is used to strengthen the [[quadriceps]].
Contrary to previous advice in this section, this exercise is NOT good for people with knee problems because the knees bear most of the load, especially when they are held at right angles (90 degrees).{{citation needed|date=October 2012|reason = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23821469}}
;Equipment: Body weight, wall or other flat vertical surface, exercise ball placed behind the back is optional as well.

===Hamstrings (back of thigh)===

====Deadlift====
[[Image:DumbbellDeadlift.JPG|thumb|Dumbbell deadlift]]
The [[deadlift]] is performed by lifting a weight off of the floor until fully upright. This is a compound exercise that also involves the glutes, lower back, lats, [[trapezius]] (upper back), and, to a lesser extent, the quadriceps and the calves. Lifting belts are often used to help support the lower back. If performed with a barbell, it can be held with both hands facing backwards or with one hand facing backward and one facing forward. Both hands should not face forwards because this puts excess stress on the inner elbows. 
;Equipment: Dumbbells, barbell, [[Trapbar deadlift|trapbar]] or Smith machine.
;Major variants:
:Sumo (wider stance to emphasise the inner thighs); stiff legged (emphasizes hamstrings); straight-legged (emphasizes lower back).

====Stiff-legged deadlift====

The stiff-legged deadlift is a deadlift variation where little to no knee movement occurs, increasing hamstring, glute, and lower back activation. The bar starts on the floor and the individual sets up like a normal deadlift but the knees are at a 160° angle instead of 135° on the conventional deadlift.

====Leg curl====
[[Image:LyingLegCurlMachineExercise.JPG|thumb|Leg curl machine]]
The [[leg curl]] is performed while lying face down on a bench, by raising a weight with the feet towards the buttocks. This is an isolation exercise for the [[hamstring]]s.<ref name="Johnson-Cane 177">Johnson-Cane et al., p. 177.</ref>
;Equipment: Dumbbell, cable machine or [[leg curl machine]].
;Major variants: Seated  (using a leg curl machine variant); standing (one leg at a time).

====Snatch====
The [[Snatch (weightlifting)|snatch]] is one of the two current olympic weightlifting events (the other being the [[clean and jerk]]). The essence of the event is to lift a barbell from the platform to locked arms overhead in a smooth continuous movement. The barbell is pulled as high as the lifter can manage (typically to mid [ chest] height) (the pull) at which point the barbell is flipped overhead. With relatively light weights (as in the "power snatch") locking of the arms may not require rebending the knees. However, as performed in contests, the weight is always heavy enough to demand that the lifter receive the bar in a [[squatting position]], while at the same time flipping the weight so it moves in an arc directly overhead to locked arms. When the lifter is secure in this position, he rises (overhead squat), completing the lift.

===Bulgarian split squats===
The Bulgarian split squat is a squat variation and is performed by resting the back foot on an elevated surface, such as a bench, with your other foot out in front of you on the floor. With a dumbbell in hand or body weight, you bend and lower your front leg until the dumbbell reaches the floor, and then using your front leg, push up into starting position. This exercise targets the hamstrings, glutes, and quadriceps, making it a great full-body movement. This movement also requires good balance and stability, so core strength is also an important aspect.
;'''Equipment required''': Bench, dumbbell or body weight.
;'''Variations''': leaning the upper body forward slightly puts more stress on the glutes, while keeping the body straight upright targets more quadriceps.

===Calves===

====Standing calf raise====
[[Image:DumbbellStandingCalfRaise.JPG|thumb|Dumbbell single-leg standing calf raise]]
The [[standing calf raise]] is performed by plantarflexing the feet to lift the body. If a weight is used, then it rests upon the shoulders, or is held in the hand(s). This is an isolation exercise for the [[Calf (anatomy)|calves]]; it particularly emphasises the [[gastrocnemius muscle]], and recruits the [[soleus muscle]].<ref name="Johnson-Cane 179">Johnson-Cane et al., p. 179.</ref>
;Equipment: Body weight, dumbbells, barbell, Smith machine or standing calf raise machine.
;Major variants: One leg (the other is held off the ground); donkey calf raise (bent over with a weight or machine pad on the lower back).

====Seated calf raise====
[[Image:SeatedCalfRaiseMachineExercise.JPG|thumb|Seated calf raise machine]]
The [[seated calf raise]] is performed by flexing the feet to lift a weight held on the knees. This is an isolation exercise for the calves, and particularly emphasises the [[soleus muscle]].<ref name="Johnson-Cane 180">Johnson-Cane et al., p. 180.</ref>
;Equipment: Barbell or seated calf raise machine; can also be done on a leg press machine.

==Upper body==

===[[pectoralis major muscle|Pectorals]] (chest)===
[[Image:SmithMachineBenchPress.gif|300px|thumb|Smith machine bench press]]
*The '''[[bench press]]''' or '''[[Dumbbell Bench-press|dumbbell bench-press]]''' is performed while lying face up on a bench, by pushing a weight away from the chest. This is a compound exercise that also involves the triceps and the front deltoids, also recruits the upper and lower back muscles, and traps. The bench press is the king of all upper body exercises and is one of the most popular chest exercises in the world. It is the final exercise in 'The big 3'.
**Equipment: dumbbells, barbell, Smith machine or bench press machine.
**Major variants: incline ~ (more emphasis on the upper pectorals), decline ~ (more emphasis on the lower pectorals), narrow grip ~ (more emphasis on the triceps), [[push-up]] (face down using the body weight), neck press (with the bar over the neck, to isolate the pectorals), vertical dips (using parallel dip bars) or horizontal dips (using two benches with arms on the near bench and feet on the far bench, and dropping the buttocks to the floor and pushing back up.)
{{Clear}}
[[Image:DumbbellFlye.gif|250px|thumb|Dumbbell flye]]
*The '''[[Fly (exercise)#Chest fly|chest fly]]''' is performed while lying face up on a bench or standing up, with arms outspread holding weights, by bringing the arms together above the chest. This is a compound exercise for the [[pectoralis major muscle|pectorals]]. Other muscles worked include [[deltoids]], [[triceps]], and [[forearm]]s.
**Equipment: dumbbells, cable machine or "pec deck" machine.
**Major variants: incline ~ (more emphasis on the upper pectorals), decline ~ (more emphasis on the lower pectorals), cable crossover.
*Cable crossovers
*[[Dip (exercise)|Dips]]

===[[latissimus dorsi muscle|Lats]] (mid back)===
[[Image:PulldownMachineExercise.JPG|250px|thumb|Pulldown machine]]
*The '''[[Pulldown exercise|pulldown]]''' is performed while seated by pulling a wide bar down towards the upper chest or behind the neck. This is a compound exercise that also involves the biceps, forearms, and the rear deltoids.
**Equipment: cable machine or pulldown machine.
**Major variants: chin-up or pullup (using the body weight while hanging from a high bar), close grip ~ (more emphasis on the lower lats), reverse grip ~ (more emphasis on the biceps).
{{Clear}}
*The '''[[Pull-up (exercise)|Pull-up]]''' is performed by hanging from a chin-up bar above head height with the palms facing forward (supinated) and pulling the body up so the chin reaches or passes the bar. The pull-up is a compound exercise that also involves the biceps, forearms, traps, and the rear deltoids. A chin-up (palms facing backwards) places more emphasis on the biceps and a wide grip pullup places more emphasis on the lats. As beginners of this exercise are often unable to lift their own bodyweight, a chin-up machine can be used with counterweights to assist them in the lift.
**Equipment: chin-up bar or chin-up machine.
{{Clear}}
[[Image:DumbbellBentOverRow.JPG|250px|thumb|Dumbbell bent-over row]]
*The '''[[bent-over row]]''' is performed while leaning over, holding a weight hanging down in one hand or both hands, by pulling it up towards the abdomen. This is a compound exercise that also involves the biceps, forearms, traps, and the rear deltoids. The torso is unsupported in some variants of this exercise, in which case lifting belts are often used to help support the lower back.
**Equipment: dumbbell, barbell, Smith machine or T-bar machine.
**Major variants: cable row (using a cable machine while seated).
{{Clear}}

===[[deltoid muscle|Deltoids]] (shoulders)===
[[Image:CableMachineUprightRow.JPG|300px|thumb|Cable machine upright row]]
*The '''[[upright row]]''' is performed while standing, holding a weight hanging down in the hands, by lifting it straight up to the collarbone. This is a compound exercise that also involves the trapezius, upper back, forearms, triceps, and the biceps. The narrower the grip the more the trapezius muscles are exercised. 
**Upright rows are prone to injure the shoulder through internal rotation and elevation of the ball and socket joint.
**Equipment: dumbbells, barbell, Smith machine or cable machine.
{{Clear}}
[[Image:ShoulderPressMachineExercise.JPG|250px|thumb|Shoulder press machine]]
*The '''shoulder press''' is performed while seated, or standing by lowering a weight held above the head to just above the shoulders, and then raising it again. It can be performed with both arms, or one arm at a time. This is a compound exercise that also involves the trapezius and the triceps.
**Major variants: 360 Degree Shoulder Press (wrists are rotated while weights are lifted, then weights are lowered in front of the head before being rotated back to the first position). 
*The '''military press''' is similar to the shoulder press but is performed while standing with the feet together. (It is named "military" because of the similarity in appearance to the "at attention" position used in most militaries) Unlike the seated shoulder press, the military press involves the majority of the muscles of the core as stabilizers to keep the body rigid and upright, and is thus a more effective compound exercise.
**Equipment: dumbbells, kettlebells, barbell, Smith machine or shoulder press machine.
**Major variants: Arnold Press (dumbbells are raised while rotating the palms outwards).
{{Clear}}
[[Image:DumbbellLateralRaise.JPG|200px|thumb|Dumbbell lateral raise]]
*The '''lateral raise''' (or [[Fly (exercise)#Shoulder fly|shoulder fly]]) is performed while standing or seated, with hands hanging down holding weights, by lifting them out to the sides until just below the level of the shoulders. A slight variation in the lifts can hit the deltoids even harder, while moving upwards, just turn the hands slightly downwards, keeping the last finger higher than the thumb. This is an isolation exercise for the deltoids. Also works the forearms and traps.
**Equipment: dumbbells, cable machine or lateral raise machine.
**Major variants: front raise (lift weights out to the front; emphasis is on the front deltoids), bent-over ~ (emphasis is on the rear deltoids), 180 degree lateral raise (weights are held slightly in front of the body and lifted over the head in a circular motion).
{{Clear}}

===[[triceps brachii muscle|Triceps]] (back of arms)===
[[Image:CableMachinePushdown.JPG|192px|thumb|Cable machine pushdown]]
*The '''[[pushdown (exercise)|pushdown]]''' is performed while standing by pushing down on a bar held at the level of the upper chest. It is important to keep the elbows at shoulder width and in line with shoulder/legs. In other words, elbows position should not change while moving the forearm pushes down the bar. This is an isolation exercise for the triceps.
**Equipment: cable machine or pulldown machine.
{{Clear}}
[[Image:DumbbellTricepsExtension.JPG|250px|thumb|Lying dumbbell triceps extension demonstrating no arching of back at top of movement]]
*The '''[[triceps extension]]''' is performed while standing or seated, by lowering a weight held above the head (keeping the upper arms motionless), and then raising it again. It can be performed with both arms, or one arm at a time. This is an isolation exercise for the triceps. It is also known as the [[french curl]].
**Equipment: dumbbell(s), barbell, cable machine or triceps extension machine.
**Major variants: [[lying triceps extensions|lying ~]] (lying face up with the weights over the face), kickback (bent over with the upper arm parallel to the torso).
{{Clear}}

===[[biceps brachii muscle|Biceps]] (front of arms)===
[[Image:PreacherBenchBicepsCurl.gif|200px|thumb|Dumbbell biceps curl on the preacher bench using momentum of body to help lift weights]]
*The '''[[Preacher curl]]''' is performed while standing or seated, with hands hanging down holding weights (palms facing forwards), by curling them up to the shoulders. It can be performed with both arms, or one arm at a time.
*Standing barbell curl
*Alternating rotating dumbbell curl
*Hammer curl
*The '''Zottmann curl''' gives a stronger focus to forearm training compared to the traditional curl.
{{clear}}

==Waist==

===[[Abdominal muscles|Abdominals]] ===
{{main article|Abdominal exercise}}
[[Image:FloorCrunch.JPG|300px|thumb|Crunch]]
*The '''[[crunch (exercise)|crunch]]''' is performed while lying face up on the floor with knees bent, by curling the shoulders up towards the pelvis. This is an isolation exercise for the abdominals.
**Equipment: body weight, dumbbell or crunch machine.
**Major variants: reverse ~ (curling the pelvis towards the shoulders), twisting ~ or side ~ (lifting one shoulder at a time; emphasis is on the [[Obliquus externus abdominis muscle|obliques]]), cable ~ (pulling down on a cable machine while kneeling), sit-up ~ (have [chest] touch your knees), vertical crunch (propping up to dangle legs and pulling knees to the [ chest] or keeping legs straight and pulling up legs to a 90 degree position). Reverse hanging crunch (using gravity boots or slings to hang head down and pulling to a 90 or 180 degree form)
{{Clear}}
[[Image:SeatedLegRaise.gif|350px|thumb|Seated leg raise]]
*The '''[[leg raise]]''' is performed while sitting on a bench or flat on the floor by raising the knees towards the shoulders, or legs to a vertical upright position. This is a compound exercise that also involves the  [[hip flexors]].
**Equipment: body weight or dumbbell.
**Major variants: hanging ~ (hanging from a high bar), side ~ (lying on side), knee raise (lying on back, drawing knees to chest).
{{Clear}}
*The [[Russian twist]] is a type of exercise that is used to work the abdomen muscles by performing a twisting motion on the abdomen. This exercise is performed sitting on the floor with knees bent like in a "sit-up" position with the back typically kept off the floor at an angle of 45°. In this position, the extended arms are swung from one side to another in a twisting motion with or without weight.
**Equipment: body weight, [[kettlebell]], [[medicine ball]],  or dumbbell.
**Major variants: back kept off the floor at 45° angle, back rested on [[exercise ball]], feet resting on the floor, anchored or kept off the floor.
{{Clear}}

===Lower back===

====Back extension====
[[Image:800px-RomanChairBackExtension.gif|thumb|Back extension on a Roman chair]]
The [[back extension]] is performed while lying face down partway along a flat or angled bench, so that the hips are supported and the heels secured, by bending down at the waist and then straightening up again. This is a compound exercise that also involves the glutes.
;Equipment: Body weight, dumbbell or back extension machine.
;Major variants: Without bench (lying face down on the floor).

====Deadlift====
The [[deadlift]] is a very effective compound exercise for strengthening the lower back, but also exercises many other major muscle groups, including quads, hamstrings and abdominals. It is a challenging exercise, as poor form or execution can cause serious injury.<ref name="Johnson-Cane 186">Johnson-Cane et al., p. 187</ref>
A deadlift is performed by grasping a dead weight on the floor and, while keeping the back very straight, standing up by contracting the ''[[Erector spinae muscles|erector spinae]]'' (primary lower back muscle). When performed correctly, the role of the arms in the deadlift is only that of cables attaching the weight to the body; the musculature of the arms should not be used to lift the weight. There is no movement more basic to everyday life than picking a dead weight up off of the floor, and for this reason focusing on improving one's deadlift will help prevent back injuries.

Wrong technique and forward lean posture with a flexed [[Vertebral column|spine]] can lead to [[Intervertebral disc|discal injuries]] of the lower back. Correct technical performance with a slightly hollow or extended back and a hip hinge to keep the [[Vertebral column|normal curvature of the spine]] is of utmost importance.

====Good-morning====
The [[good-morning]] is a weight training exercise in which a barbell, two dumbbells, or no weight at all is held on the shoulders, behind the head. The person bends forward and bows at the hips and recovers to upright. The good-morning is so called because the movement resembles bowing to greet someone. It involves the hamstrings but is primarily used to strengthen the lower back; the degree of knee bend used will change the focus – nearly straight-legged involving the hamstrings most.

Incorrect technique and a forward leaning posture with a flexed spine can lead to disc damage in the lower back. Proper technique with a slightly hollow or extended back to maintain the normal curvature of the spine is paramount.

== External links ==
* [https://egzersiz.ahmetcadirci.com/ Egzersizler]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}{{Strength training exercises}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Weight Training Exercises}}
[[Category:Weight training exercises|*]]